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Chapter 3 Research Design and Methodology

This document discusses research design and methodology. It outlines different types of quantitative and qualitative research designs such as experimental, descriptive, correlational, causal comparative, phenomenological, ethnographic, and grounded theory. It also discusses sampling procedures like probability and non-probability sampling as well as specific sampling techniques. Data gathering methods like interviews, participant observation, and surveys are explained. Structured and unstructured interview styles as well as open-ended and closed-ended questions are also covered. Finally, common research instruments and statistical treatments for different research types are briefly mentioned.

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866 views3 pages

Chapter 3 Research Design and Methodology

This document discusses research design and methodology. It outlines different types of quantitative and qualitative research designs such as experimental, descriptive, correlational, causal comparative, phenomenological, ethnographic, and grounded theory. It also discusses sampling procedures like probability and non-probability sampling as well as specific sampling techniques. Data gathering methods like interviews, participant observation, and surveys are explained. Structured and unstructured interview styles as well as open-ended and closed-ended questions are also covered. Finally, common research instruments and statistical treatments for different research types are briefly mentioned.

Uploaded by

BonJovi Mojica Artista
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 3 Research Design and methodology

Research Design, refers to the overall blue print of your studies

Quantitative Research Design


- Descriptive Research – WH QUESTIONS
- Correlational – Relationship
- Causal Comparative – Cause and effect
- Quasi experimental – “Almost experimental
Experimental – True experimentation/scientific method.

Types of qualitative designs


Phenomenological studies – Examines Human Experiences
Ethnographic studies – Cultures, tradition, behavior
Grounded Theory – Theory – inductive and deductive approaches.
Historical Studies – History, the beginning to the last of your studies
Case Study Research – group of persons, qualities.

Sampling Procedure

Population – Kabuuang category ng respondents.


Sample – Out of population

Two types of sampling


Non- probability sampling – more on qualitative , We are being bias
Probability – Random Selection of respondents

Non-probability
Convenience Sampling – Process of picking out people in fastest way.
Quota sampling – Specified numbers of persons of certain types are included in the sample.
Snowball sampling – Respondence are hard to find.
Purposive sampling – Most easy, Non-probability sample that is selected based on characteristics of a
population and the objective of the study. purposive sampling is also known as judgmental, selective or
subjective sampling.

Probability sampling
Simple Random sampling – Lottery or raffle type of sampling, randomly selected.
Systematic sampling – Complete list of population, we’ll use intervals
Stratified Random Sampling – Divided by group, any member
Cluster Random Sampling – Divided by group and get the group
Participants of the study
IV. Data gathering procedures.
- this section is the “how to” of the study.
-Commonly used data gathering procedures
- interview
- Participants observations
-Surveys

Interviews
Key informant Interview (KII) , Right person to interview. right person to give the idea
Focus Group Discussion (FGD) – Gather respondents, round table

Structured: Each participant is asked similar set of questions in a predetermined format.


Unstructured: Unrehearsed and free flowing.

General open-ended questions are asked to allow the participants to:


Open-ended : Respondents ang bahala mag sagot
Create, explore options for responding
Voice their firsthand experiences and perspective

Closed: Magchecheck ka nalang

During the interview, information is recprded.


Information is then transcribed for analysis.

FGD: a small group interview (5-7 participants + 1 moderator); can be face to face or online
- advantages
Participants might be more willing to discuss the topic in front of their peers.
Participants answers can inform others and group ideas might be generated for a more
comprehensive results.
Time constraints, accessibility and money matters will no longer be an issue.

Participant Observation – allows the researcher to immerse himself into a social setting, enabling him to
learn firsthand how:
- The actions of participants are compatible with their words
- Patterns of behaviors exist
- Expected and unexpected experiences occur
- trust, relationships, and obligations with others are developed.

Surveys
open-ended: Gives participants the opportunity to express their opinions and give detailed answers
Close-ended: Gives the participants a set of response choices.
V. Research instruments
Questionnaire (survey)
Key informant (Interview)
FGD

- Should be based on the research paradigm and statement of the problem.

Research Matrix

Statistical Treatment
Descriptive Research
- mean
- Weighted mean
- Percentage
- Standard Deviation
- Variance

Comparative Research
T-test
Paired ( 2 dependent variable)
Unpaired (2 independent variables)

ANOVA ( Analysis of variance)


Correlational Research

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