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Torsion Study Notes For Mechanical Engineering

This document discusses torsion and shafts in mechanical engineering. It defines torsion as twisting a structural member due to an applied torque. It covers topics like shear stress distribution in shafts, torque sign convention, torsion moment diagrams, angular deformation, torsional rigidity, power transmission in shafts, compound shafts, strain energy from torsion, and the combined effects of bending and torsion on shafts. Formulas are provided for torque, rate of twist, angle of twist, torsional stiffness, power, deformation of compound shafts, stress from bending and torsion, and shear stress distribution in different shaft geometries.

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661 views9 pages

Torsion Study Notes For Mechanical Engineering

This document discusses torsion and shafts in mechanical engineering. It defines torsion as twisting a structural member due to an applied torque. It covers topics like shear stress distribution in shafts, torque sign convention, torsion moment diagrams, angular deformation, torsional rigidity, power transmission in shafts, compound shafts, strain energy from torsion, and the combined effects of bending and torsion on shafts. Formulas are provided for torque, rate of twist, angle of twist, torsional stiffness, power, deformation of compound shafts, stress from bending and torsion, and shear stress distribution in different shaft geometries.

Uploaded by

Anonymous TedqS0h6Zk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Torsion Study Notes for Mechanical Engineering

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 29 comments

Torsion means twisting a structural Member when it is loaded


by couplethat Produces rotation about longitudinal axis.
 If be the intensity of shear stress, on any layer at a
distance r from the centre of shaft, then

Sign Convention

 Sign convention of torque can be explained by right hand


thumb rule.
 A positive torque is that in which there is tightening effect of
nut on the bolt. From either side of the cross-section. If torque
is applied in the direction of right hand fingers than right hand
thumbs direction represents movement of the nut.
TMD = Torsion moment diagram

T = Torque
 Rate of twist :

 Total angle of twist :

Where, T = Torque,
 J = Polar moment of inertia
 G = Modulus of rigidity,

 θ = Angle of twist
 L = Length of shaft,
 GJ = Torsional rigidity

 Torsional stiffness;
 Torsional flexibility

 Axial stiffness;

 Axial flexibility

Moment of Inertia About polar Axis:

 For solid circular shaft,:

 For hollow circular shaft:

Power Transmitted in the Shaft


 Power transmitted by shaft:

Where, N = Rotation per minute.


Compound Shaft
An improved type of compound coupling for connecting in series and
parallel are given below
1. Series connection: Series connection of compound shaft as
shown in figure. Due to series connection the torque on shaft 1
will be equal to shaft 2 and the total angular deformation will
be equal to the sum of deformation of 1 st shaft and 2 nd shaft.
Therefore,
Where,
θ1 = Angular deformation of 1 st shaft
θ2 = Angular deformation of 2 nd shaft
1. Parallel connection: Parallel connection of compound shaft
as shown in figure. Due to parallel connection of compound
shaft the total torque will be equal to the sum of torque of shaft
1 and torque of shaft 2 and the deflection will be same in both
the shafts.

Therefore,
Strain energy (U) stored in shaft due to torsion:

 G = Shear modulus
 T = Torque
 J = Moment of inertia about polar axis

Effect of Pure Bending on Shaft

The effect of pure bending on shaft can be defined by the relation


for the shaft,

Where, σ = Principal stress


 D = Diameter of shaft
 M = Bending moment

Effect of Pure Torsion on Shaft

 It can be calculated by the formula, which are given below


 Where, τ = Torsion
 D = Diameter of shaft

Combined effect of Moment & Torque


 The equivalent bending moment may be defined as the
bending moment which will produce the same direct stress as
produced by the bending moment and torque acting
separately.
 Similarly, the equivalent torque , may be defined as the
torque which will produce the same maximum shear stress as
produced by the bending moment and torque acting
separately.

For a circular shaft of diameter, d = 2r

Principal stress
Maximum Shear Stress

 If P = 0

Power transmitted by a shaft

 Torque =

Where power is measured in watts and n is the speed in rpm


Shear Stress Distribution:
 Solid Circulation Section:
 Hollow Circulation Section

 Composite Circular Section

 Thin Tubular section: In view of small thickness shear stress is


assumed to be uniform

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