CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

International General Certificate of Secondary Education

MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2013 series

0470 HISTORY
0470/21 Paper 2, maximum raw mark 50

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of
the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not
indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began,
which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner
Report for Teachers.

Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2013 series for most IGCSE,
GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level components and some Ordinary Level
components.
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IGCSE – October/November 2013 0470 21

19th Century topic

1 Study Sources A and B. How similar are these two sources? Explain your answer using
details of the sources.

Level 0 No evidence submitted or response does not address the question [0]

Level 1 Writes about the sources but makes no valid comparison [1]

Level 2 Identifies information that is in one source but not in the other or states that the sources
are about the same subject

OR

Compares the provenance of the sources [2]

Level 3 Agreement or disagreement of detail or sub-messages [3–4]

e.g. Germany gave Austria the green light (or variations of this),
the Balkans were the problem, were dangerous, nationalism a cause in both.
Differences – in A Alliance System strong, in B fragile, in A a cause, not really a cause
in B.

Level 4 Agreement and disagreement of detail or sub-messages [5–6]

Level 5 Compares big messages – they agree that fundamental causes were what mattered. [7]

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IGCSE – October/November 2013 0470 21

2 Study Source C. Why was this source published in 1904? Explain your answer using the
details of the source and your knowledge.

Level 0 No evidence submitted or response does not address the question [0]

Level 1 Surface descriptions of the source [1]

Level 2 Misreadings of the cartoon [2]

OR

Interprets cartoon or describes the context – but not used as a reason for publication [2]

Level 3 Explains context only – fails to explain message or purpose of source

Allow Germany’s navy, ending of Britain’s isolation, 1904 was the date
of the agreement, growing tension between Germany/Britain

OR

Explains a valid sub-message [3–4]

Level 4 Explains the big message e.g. a warning to Germany that they need to take account of
the British-French alliance [5–6]

Level 5 Explains the purpose of the cartoon [7]

(Must have intended impact on audience.) Allow impact on Germany or impact
British audience e.g. to persuade them that this alliance is a good thing, to stir up
anti-German feeling.

Level 6 Explains purpose in specific context of 1904 [8]

Allow Germany’s navy, ending of Britain’s isolation, 1904 was the date of the agreement.

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IGCSE – October/November 2013 0470 21

3 Study Sources D and E. How far does Source E explain why the author of Source D
was uncertain about Germany's plans? Explain your answer using details of the sources
and your knowledge.

Level 0 No evidence submitted or response does not address the question [0]

Level 1 Writes about sources but fails to address the question [1]

Level 2 No. E clearly shows William’s good intentions [2]

Level 3 Yes. It does explain it because of internal inconsistences in E [3–4]

Level 4. No. It doesn’t because E is threatening Britain [5–6]

Level 5 Uses cross-reference to support Level 3 or Level 4. [7–8]

4 Study Sources F and G. How far would the two cartoonists have agreed with each other?
Explain your answer using details of the sources and your knowledge.

Level 0 No evidence submitted or response does not address the question [0]

Level 1 Surface comparisons [1]

Level 2 Answers based on use of undeveloped provenance [2]

Level 3 Interprets valid sub-message of one/both sources – no valid comparison [3]

Level 4 Interprets big message of one/both sources – no valid comparison [4]

Level 5 Compares valid sub-messages [5]

Level 6 Compares big messages – must be about causes of First World War. [6–8]

5 Study Source H. Are you surprised by this source? Explain your answer using details of
the source and your knowledge.

Level 0 No evidence submitted or response does not address the question [0]

Level 1 Writes about sources but fails to address the question [1]

OR

Identifies something that is surprising but no valid explanation

Level 2 Valid analysis of source but fails to state whether surprised or not [2]

Level 3 Assertions based on everyday empathy or explanations based on generalised context

[3–4]

Level 4 Cross-references to explain surprised or not surprised [5–6]

Level 5 Surprised that he has not revealed this until 1931 when it would have undermined war
guilt arguments. [7]

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IGCSE – October/November 2013 0470 21

6 Study all the sources. How far do these sources provide convincing evidence that
Germany was responsible for rising tensions in Europe before the First World War? Use
the sources to explain your answer.

Level 0 No evidence submitted or response does not address the question [0]

Level 1 No valid source use [1–3]

Level 2 Uses sources to support or reject the statement [4–6]

Level 3 Uses sources to support and reject the statement [7–10]

Award up to 2 bonus marks for evaluation of sources (no more than 1 per source).

Source use must be reference to a source by letter, by provenance or by direct quote. There
must be examples from source content. There must be an explanation of how this supports/does
not support the statement.

Use ‘tick’ in the margin for each source use in support of the statement and ‘X’ for each source
use rejecting the statement.

Yes No

ABCDEG ABCDEFH

© Cambridge International Examinations 2013

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IGCSE – October/November 2013 0470 21

20th Century topic

1 Study Sources A and B. How far do these two sources agree? Explain your answer using
details of the sources.

Level 0 No evidence submitted or response does not address the question [0]

Level 1 Writes about the sources but makes no valid comparison [1]

Level 2 Identifies information that is in one source but not in the other or states that the sources
are about the same subject

OR

Compares the provenance of the sources [2]

Level 3 Agreement or disagreement of detail or sub-messages [3–4]

Level 4 Agreement and disagreement of detail or sub-messages [5–6]

Level 5 Compares big messages – must be about who won – A says Kennedy seen as victor,
but also sees Khrushchev as victor or qualifies Kennedy’s victory while B says victory
for Khrushchev. [7]

Agreements include: missiles were put into Cuba, there was a quarantine, there were US missiles
in Turkey, Khrushchev demands guarantee, US agreed not to invade, Khrushchev agreed to
remove missiles, there were negotiations.

Disagreements include: A says ships stopped, B says they went through; A says idea of putting
missiles in Cuba cracked-brained, B says it was logical.

2 Study Source C. What is the message of this cartoon? Explain your answer using details
of the source and your knowledge.

Level 0 No evidence submitted or response does not address the question [0]

Level 1 Surface description of the cartoon [1]

Level 2 Misinterpretation of the cartoon e.g. none of the missiles pose a threat because they are
going to be dismantled [2]

Level 3 Interprets sub-message of the cartoon e.g. American bases were threatening the Soviet
Union, Kennedy was annoyed with Soviet missiles in Cuba, the US was stronger than
the USSR [3–5]

Level 4 Interprets big message of cartoon – criticises Kennedy, he had no justification for
criticising Soviet missiles in Cuba, he was a hypocrite. [6–8]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2013

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IGCSE – October/November 2013 0470 21

3 Study Sources D, E and F. Having read Source E, are you surprised by Source F? Explain
your answer using details of the sources and your knowledge.

Level 0 No evidence submitted or response does not address the question [0]

Level 1 Writes about the sources, fails to address the question or identifies something they are
surprised about but no explanation [1]

OR

Not surprised because they know F is right – no support

Level 2 Undeveloped provenance [2]

Level 3 Surprised because E is about Cuba, F is about Turkey or Turkey mentioned in one but
not in the other [3]

Level 4 Based on F alone – valid explanations internal to F e.g. not surprised because it’s just
part of the negotiating process
Cannot simply assert F is right [4]

Level 5 Compares sources for differences/agreements [5–6]

Both say Kennedy wants solution, wants peace so not surprised
Surprised – if he was ready to give up missiles in F why didn’t he offer them up in E?
Not surprised they differ – just part of the negotiating process

Level 6 Evaluates Source F with no valid comparison with E [7]

Level 7 Compares sources and evaluates one source to say if surprised by F – by cross
reference or provenance of F. [8]

4 Study Sources G and H. How far would the two cartoonists have agreed with each other?
Explain your answer using details of the sources and your knowledge.

Level 0 No evidence submitted or response does not address the question [0]

Level 1 Surface comparisons [1]

Level 2 Answers based on use of undeveloped provenance [2]

e.g. they would have agreed with each other because one is British, the other is
American and they were on the same side in the Cold War

Level 3 Interprets valid sub-message of one of both sources – no valid comparison e.g. in H both
Kennedy and Khrushchev realise there is a danger of nuclear war [3]

Level 4 Interprets big message of one/both sources – no valid comparison [4]

Level 5 Compares valid sub-messages e.g. they both say that the world was near to nuclear
war; in G neither Kennedy or Khrushchev realise there is a danger of nuclear war but in
H they do [5–6]

Level 6 Compares big messages – compares the points of view of cartoonists, G criticises them
both for their recklessness, H approves they are at last working to prevent nuclear war.
[7–8]

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IGCSE – October/November 2013 0470 21

5 Study Source I. How useful is Source I as evidence about the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Explain your answer using details of the source and your knowledge.

Level 0 No evidence submitted or response does not address the question [0]

Level 1 Writes about sources but fails to address the question (this includes answers that fail to
refer to ‘useful’) [1]

Level 2 Rejects/accepts source because of provenance [2]

Level 3 Useful for surface information (must say what the information is) [3–4]

OR

Explains what source does not tell us about the Crisis

Level 4 Rejects source because it is the Kennedy version of events [5]

Level 5 Uses cross-reference to evaluate [6]

e.g. clear cross-reference opportunity with Source A which contradicts the claim that
Kennedy claimed no credit, or claimed no victory.

Level 6 Useful because it is evidence of how the Kennedy version of events was established. [7]

6 Study all the sources. How far do these sources provide convincing evidence that
President Kennedy acted responsibly during the Cuban Missile Crisis? Use the sources to
explain your answer.

Level 0 No evidence submitted or response does not address the question [0]

Level 1 No valid source use [1–3]

Level 2 Uses sources to support or reject the statement [4–6]

Level 3 Uses sources to support and reject the statement [7–10]

Award up to 2 bonus marks for evaluation of sources (no more than 1 per source).

Source use must be reference to a source by letter, by provenance or by direct quote. There
must be examples from source content. There must be an explanation of how this supports/does
not support the statement.

Use ‘tick’ in the margin for each source use in support of the statement and ‘X’ for each source
use rejecting the statement.

Yes No

ABEFHI (A) B C (D) E G

© Cambridge International Examinations 2013