Effect of Metal Oxide Surge Arrester On Ferroresonance in Voltage Transformer Including Nonlinear Core Losses
Effect of Metal Oxide Surge Arrester On Ferroresonance in Voltage Transformer Including Nonlinear Core Losses
Effect of Metal Oxide Surge Arrester On Ferroresonance in Voltage Transformer Including Nonlinear Core Losses
5, October 2012
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International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 5, October 2012
either disconnector 1 or 2 closed. Alternatively it can also Per unit value of (iRm ) is given in (3)
occur upon closure of both disconnections 1 or 2 with circuit
breaker and disconnector 3 open [18]. iRm = −0.000001 + 0.0047Vm − 0.0073Vm + 0.0039Vm
2 3
(3)
Mathematical analysis of equivalent circuit by applying
KVL and KCL has been done and equations of system can be
presented as below:
v RMS
λ peak = 2
ω (4)
dλ
vL =
dt (5)
d (e − vL ) ⎛ d 2λ ⎞
i = Cser = Cser ⎜⎜ e − 2 ⎟⎟
dt ⎝ dt ⎠ (6)
( )
ferroresonance
1
h + h v + h v + h3v L aλ + bλ7
2 3
In Fig. 2, E is the RMS supply phase voltage, Cseries is the IV. METAL OXIDE SURGE ARRESTER MODEL
circuit breaker grading capacitance and Cshunt is the total Surge Arrester is highly nonlinear resistor used to protect
phase-to-earth capacitance of the arrangement. The resistor R power equipment against overvoltages. The nonlinear V-I
represents a voltage transformer core loss that has been found
characteristic of each column of the surge arrester is modeled
to be an important factor in the initiation of ferroresonance.
by combination of the exponential functions of the form:
In the peak current range for steady-state operation, the
flux-current linkage can be approximated by a linear 1 / αi
V ⎛ I ⎞
characteristic such as iL = aλ where the coefficient of the = Ki ⎜ ⎟ (8)
Vref ⎜I ⎟
linear term (a) corresponds closely to the reciprocal of the ⎝ ref ⎠
inductance ( a ≅ 1 / L ) . However, for very high currents the
where, V represents resistive voltage drop, I represents
iron core might be driven into saturation and the flux-current
arrester current and K is constant and α is nonlinearity
characteristic becomes highly nonlinear, here the
constant. This V-I characteristic is graphically represented as
λ − i characteristic of the voltage transformer is modeled as follows:
in [8] by the polynomial
i = aλ + bλ7 (1)
where, a = 3.14 , b = 0.41
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International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 5, October 2012
6
2
V oltag e of T ra n s fo rm er
4
2
V o lt a g e o f M O S A (p e ru n it
1
0
-2
0
-4
-6
-1
-8
-10
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
-2 Time(perunit)
Fig. 6. Time domain simulation for chaotic motion without MOSA effect
Time Domain Simulation of over voltage on Voltage Transformer with MOV
-3 4
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
Current of MOSA(perunit)
3
Voltage of Transformer
1
driven in Fig. 5. -2
-3
-4
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Time(perunit)
⎝ kdt ⎠
5
V oltage of Transform er
assumed 0.5nF and Cshunt vary between 0.1nF to 3nF. Initial Fig. 8. Phase plan diagram for chaotic motion without MOSA effect
system for both cases, with and without MOSA has been 2
Voltage of Transformer
behavior for E=1 pu and chaotic behavior for E=4 pu, while 0
E=1 pu and E=4 pu. Figs. 6 and 7 show the simulation result -2
the normal condition. Fig. 9. Corresponding phase plan diagram considering MOSA effect
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International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 5, October 2012
Another tool that was used for solving the nonlinear over voltages cross it, VT failure follows.
equation of studied system is bifurcation diagram. In this
paper, it is shown the effect of variation in the voltage and VII. CONCLUSION
capacitance of the system on the ferroresonance overvoltage VTs fed through circuit breaker grading capacitance have
in the VT, and finally the effect of applying MOSA on this been shown exhibiting fundamental frequency and chaotic
overvoltage by the bifurcation diagrams. By using the ferroresonance conditions similar to high capacity power
bifurcation diagrams, Fig. 10 clearly shows the transformers fed via capacitive coupling from nearby sources
ferroresonance overvoltage in VT when voltage of system like parallel transmission lines. Simulations have shown that
increases up to 3pu. a change in the value of the equivalent line to ground
Bifurcation Diagram of Over Voltage on Voltage Transformer without MOV
3.5 capacitance, may originate different types of ferroresonance
3
overvoltages. It has also been shown that chaotic
ferroresonance are not likely to occur under practical
V oltage of T rans form er
2.5
conditions but if it occurs, MOSA successfully can cause
2 ferroresonance drop out. In the case of applying MOSA,
system shows less sensitivity to initial conditions and
1.5
variation in system parameters. The presence of the arrester
1 tends to clamp the ferroresonance.
0.5
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Corresponding author would like to appriciate Dr. Ali
Input Voltage(perunit)
Fig. 10. Bifurcation diagram for voltage of transformer versus voltage of Nasrabadi of the Shahed University, Tehran, Iran, for
system, without MOSA effect providing MATLAB data files for the time domain
simulations, and Mrs. Leila Kharazmi for her English editing.
System parameters are listed in Table I.
REFERENCES
TABLE I: PARAMETER VALUE FOR SIMULATION
[1] R. Rudenberg, Transient Performance of Electric Power Systems. New
Parameter Actual value Per unit value
York, NY: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1950, ch. 48.
E 275kv 1 pu [2] C. Hayashi, Nonlinear Oscillations in Puysical Systems. New York,
ω 377 rad/sec 1 pu NY: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1964.
Cseries 0.5 nf 39.959 pu [3] E. J. Dolan, D. A. Gillies, and E. W. Kimbark, “Ferroresonance in a
Cshunt 0.1nf 7.92 pu transformer switched with an EVH line,” IEEE Transactions on Power
Apparatus and Systems.
[4] B. A. T. A. Zahawi, Z. Emin, and Y. K. Tong, “Chaos in ferroresonant
wound voltage transformers: effect of core losses and universal circuit
In Fig. 10 when E=0.25 pu, voltage of VT has a period-1 behavioral,” IEE Proceedings*/Sci. Meas. Technol, 1998.
behavior, in E=1 pu, period-3 appears and until E=2.5 pu [5] R. H. Hopkinson, “Ferroresonance during single-phase switching of
3-phase distribution transformer banks,” IEEE Trans. PAS, vol.
remains in the linear manner. Corresponding bifurcation PAS-84, no. 4, pp. 289–293, Apr. 1965.
diagram with the same parameter in the case of applying [6] J. G. Frame, N. Mohan, and T. Liu, “Hysteresis modeling in an
MOSA clearly has been shown in Fig. 11. electromagnetic transients program,” IEEE Trans. PAS, vol. PAS-101,
no. 9, pp. 3403–3411, Sept. 1982.
[7] D. R. Smith, S. R. Swanson, and J. D. Borst, “Over voltages with
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3 remotely-switched cable-fed grounded wye-wye transformers,” IEEE
Trans. PAS, vol. PAS-94, no. 5, pp. 1843–1853, Sept./Oct. 1975.
[8] C. M. Arturi, ‘Transient simulation and analysis of a five-limb
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synchronization,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 6, no. 1, pp.
V oltage of T rans form er
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International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 5, October 2012
[15] K. A. Anbarri, R. Ramanujam, T. Keerthiga, and K. Kuppusamy, research interests include design and modeling of power electronic
“Analysis of nonlinear puenomena in MOV connected Transformers,” converters, drives, transient and chaos in power system apparatus.
IEE Proceedings*/Generation Transmission and Distribution148,
Mehrdad Rostami was born in 1965, Tehran, IRAN.
2001.
He received BSc, MSc and Ph.D in Electrical
[16] A. Abbasi, H. Radmanesh, M. Rostami, and H. R. Abbasi, “Evaluation
engineering from Tehran Polytechnic University (Amir
of Chaotic Ferroresonance in power transformers including Nonlinear Kabir), Tehran Iran in 1988, 1991 and 2003
Core Losses," Southeastcon, 2009. SOUTHEASTCON '09. IEEE, respectively. He is currently working as an Assistant
pp.1-5, 5-8 March 2009. professor and vice chancellor in research and
[17] H. Radmanesh, A. Abassi, M. Rostami, "Analysis of ferroresonance development of Shahed University Engineering
puenomena in power transformers including neutral resistance effect," Faculty, Tehran, IRAN
Southeastcon, 2009. SOUTHEASTCON '09. IEEE, pp.1-5, 5-8 March
2009.
[18] H. Radmanesh and M. Rostami, "Effect of Circuit Breaker Shunt
Resistance on Chaotic Ferroresonance in Voltage Transformer," Jafaar khalilpour was born in Uremia, Iran, in 1973.
Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. He received B.S. degree from Aeronautical University
71-77, 2010. of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran, in 1995 and
[19] H.W. Dommel, A. Yan, R. J. O. D. Marcano, and A. B. Miliani, in: H.P. M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Tarbiat Modares
Khincha(Ed.), Tutorial Course on Digital Simulation of Transients in University, Tehran, Iran, in 1998 and 2009, all in
Power Systems (Chapter 14), IISc, Bangalore, 1983,pp. 17-38. electrical engineering. He has been an Assistant
Professor with the Department of Electrical
Hamid Radmanesh was born in 1981. He studied Engineering, Aeronautical University of Science and
Telecommunication engineering at Malek-Ashtar Technology, Tehran, Iran.
University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, and received
the BSC degree in 2006, also studied electrical
engineering at Shahed University Tehran, Iran, and
received the MSC degree in 2009. Currently, He is PhD
student in Amirkabir University of Technology. His
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