Prentice Hall Brief Review for the New York Regents Exam Physics: The Physical Setting Answer Key 2011Contents Diagnostic Tests Topics 2-6. ‘Answers to Diagnostic Tests ‘Answers to Topic Review and Regents Practice Que: ‘Answers to Regents Examinations 6.4.6. sss0eeseeeeeie es ss Se@Tabs To the Teacher: ‘The Answer Key for the Brief Review in Physics: The Physical Setting provides answers to all ofthe questions in the book, including the sample Regents Examinations provided in the back of the book. ‘To determine concepts that might require more intense review, students can take the Diagnostic Tests provided for ‘each topic. The Diagnostic Tests include questions that are not in the book itself so you will be able to check students’ understanding of some of the concepts in the topic without simply repeating questions they have seen in the book. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc,, or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America: This publication is protected by copyright, and permission should be obtained fromi the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, phétocopying, recording, or likewise. The publisher hereby grants permission to reproduee the Diagnostic Tests, in part or in whole, for classroom use only, the number not to exceed the number of students in each class, Notice of copyright must appear on all copies. For information regarding permissions, write to Pearson Curriculum Group Rights & Permissions, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07468. Pearson, Prentice Hall, and Pearson Prentice Hall are trademarks, in the US. and/or other countries, of Pearson Education Ine,, or its affiliates. Regents Examinations and questions appear courtesy of the New York State Education Department! New York Regents Exam. : ISBN-13: 978-0-13-317393-2 ISBN-10: _0-13-917393-8 12345678910VOl1 1413 121110Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc, ort affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Name DiaGnostic Test Topic 2 1. A child walks 5.0 meters north, then 4.0 meters east, and finally 2.0 meters south. What is the magnitude of the resultant displacement of the child after the entire walk? (1) 10m (2) 5.0m (3) 3.0m (4) 110m 2. The speed of an object undergoing constant acceleration increases from 8.0 meters per second to 16.0 meters per second in 10. seconds. How far does the object travel during the 10. seconds? (1) 86x 10'm (3) 1.2 x 10? m (2) 16x 10%m — (4) 8.0 x 10m 3. Arock falls from rest a vertical distance of 0.72 meter to the surface of a planet in 0.63 second. The magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity on the planet is (1) 1.1 m/s* (2) 2.3 m/s* (3) 3.6 m/s* (4) 9.8 m/s* 4, A ball is thrown straight downward with a speed of 0.50 meter per second from a height of 4.0 meters. What is the speed of the ball 0.70 second after it is released? [Neglect friction,} (1) 0.50 m/s (3) 9.8 m/s (2) 7.4 m/s (4) 15 m/s 5, A 1.0-kilogram ball is dropped from the roof of a building 40. meters tall. What is the ball’s time of fall? [Neglect friction.] (1) 298 2) 20s (3) 41s (4) 8.25 6. Which graph best represents the relationship between the acceleration of an object falling freely near the surface of Earth and the time that it falls? a @ (3) « Acceleration Te Date 7. A.5.0-newton force could have perpendicular components of (1) 10N and 4.0 N (3) 3.0N and 4.0N (2) 2.0 N and 3.0 N (4) 5.0 N and 5.0N 8. A force of 1 newton is equivalent to 1 kg-m kg: m? w (3) "3 kg: . a = @ cs 9. Which cart has the greatest inertia? (1) a 1-kg cart traveling at 4 m/s (2) a 2-kg cart traveling at 3 m/s (3) a.3-kg cart traveling at 2 m/s (4) a 4-kg cart traveling at 1 m/s 10, A 2-kilogram box on a horizontal frictionless surface is acted upon by 9-newton horizontal force to the left and a 1-newton horizontal force to the right. ‘The acceleration of the box is (1) 5 m/s’ to the right (2) 5 m/s* to the left (3) 4 m/s* to the right (4) 4 m/s* to the left Base your answers to questions 11 and 12 0n the information below. An object is thrown horizontally off a cliff with an initial velocity of 5.0 meters per second. The object strikes the ground 3.0 seconds later. [Neglect friction] 11. What is the vertical speed of the object as it reaches the ground? (1) 130 m/s (3) 15 m/s (2) 29 mis (4) 5.0 mis 12, How far from the base of the cliff will the object strike the ground? (1) 2.9 m (3) 15 m (2) 9.8m (4) 44m Puysics Answer Key 1Name DIAGNOSTIC TEST TOPIC 2 (conrnueo) Base your answers to questions 13 and 140n the information below. ‘A child kicks a ball with an initial velocity of 8.5 meters per second at an angle of 35° with the horizontal. The ball has an initial vertical velocity of 4.9 meters per second and a total time of flight of 1.0 second. (Neglect friction.] 13. The horizontal component of the ball’s initial velocity is (1) 3.6 m/s (3) 7.0 mis (2) 4.9 m/s (4) 13 m/s 14, The maximum height reached by the ball is (1) 12m 3) 49m (2) 2.5 m (4) 8.5m 15. A car travels at constant speed around a horizontal cireular track. Which diagram best represents the direction of the car's velocity, v, and the direction of the centripetal force, F., acting on the car at one particular moment? OOOC o 2) 16. A 1750-kilogram car travels at a constant speed of 15.0 meters per second around a horizontal, circular track with a radius of 45.0 meters. ‘The magnitude of the centripetal force acting on the car is (1) 5.00 N (3) 8750 N (2) 583 N (4) 3.94 x 10°N 17. A distance of 3.00 meters separates the centers of two 15.0-kilogram spheres. ‘The magnitude of the gravitational force that one sphere exerts on the other sphere is (1) L11 x 10° N (3) 1.67 x 10°N (2) 8.34 x 107° N (4) 5.00 x 10° N 2 Paysics Awswer Key Date 18, A 1200-kilogram space vehicle travels at 4.8 meters per second along the level surface of Mars. If the magnitude of the gravitational field strength on the surface of Mars is 3.7 newtons per kilogram, the magnitude of the normal force acting on the vehicle is (1) 820 (3) 4400 N (2) 930 N (4) 5800 N 19. An 80-kilogram skier slides on waxed skis along a horizontal surface of snow at constant velocity while pushing with his poles, What is the horizontal component of the force pushing him forward? (1) 0.05. N (@) 40N (2) 0.4.N (4N 20. A block of mass M initially at rest on a frictionless horizontal surface is struck by a bullet of mass m moving with horizontal velocity v. What is the velocity of the bullet-block system after the bullet embeds itself in the block? a CS 2m 8) (ii @ (eC a), “ G mae 21, A 2.0-kilogram laboratory cart is sliding across a horizontal frictionless surface at a constant velocity of 4.0 meters per second east, What is the cart’s velocity after a 6,0-newton force to the west acts on it for 2.0 seconds? (1) 2.0 m/seast (3) 10. m/s east (2) 2.0 m/s west (4) 10. m/s west 22. A 0.40-kilogram ball was thrown with a speed of 20. meters per second by a 50.-kilogram student. What was the magnitude of the impulse imparted to the ball by the student? (1) 80. Nes (3) 4.0 x 10° Nes (2) 78 Nes (4) 1.0 x 10° Nes Copyright © Pearson Education, Ine, orits affiliates. All Rights Reserved,Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc, or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Name Diacnostic Test ToPIC3 1, A student does 60. joules of work pushing a 3.0-kilogram box up the full length of a ramp that is 5.0 meters long. What is the magnitude of the force the student applied to the box parallel to the ramp to do this work? (1) 20.N (3) 12N Q) 15N (4) 40N 2. As shown in the diagram below, a child applies a constant 20.-newton force along the handle of a wagon which makes a 25° angle with the horizontal. How much work does the child do in moving the wagon a horizontal distance of 4.0 meters? (1) 5.05 (2) 34 (3) 73.5 (4) 80.5 3. A 60.-kilogram student climbs a ladder a vertical distance of 4.0 meters in 8.0 seconds. What is the total work done against gravity by the student during the climb? (1) 2.4 x 10°F (2) 2.9 x 10° J (3) 2.4 x 10° (4) 3.0 x 10'S 4, One watt is equivalent to one (1) Nem (3) Jos (2) Nim (4) Is 5. A 3.0-kilogram block is initially at rest on a frictionless, horizontal surface. The block is moved 8.0 meters in 2.0 seconds by the application of a horizontal force with a magnitude of 12 newtons. What is the average power developed while moving the block? (1) 24W (3) 48 W (2) 32. (4) 96 W Date 6. An electrical generator in a science classroom makes a light bulb glow when a student turns a hand crank on the generator. During its operation, this, generator converts (1) chemical energy to electrical energy (2) mechanical energy to electrical energy (3) electrical energy to mechanical energy (4) electrical energy to chemical energy 7. What is the gravitational potential energy with respect to the surface of the water of a 75.0-kilogram diver located 3.00 meters above the water? (1) 2.17 x 10¢D (3) 2.25 x 10° J (2) 221 x 1095 — (a) 2.29 x 1015 8, A 0.1-kilogram apple is attached to a branch of a tree 2 meters above a spring on the ground below. When the apple falls all of its gravitational potential energy with respect to the top of the spring is transferred to the spring. The apple compresses the spring 0.1 meter from its rest position. What is the spring constant of this spring? (1) 10. Nim (3) 100 Nim (2) 40 Nim (4) 400 N/m 9, Which graph best represents the relationship between the elastic potential energy stored in a spring and its elongation from equilibrium? i Hl 2 a i Tiangaton Ne a) (3) F Fl i a i 3 e_—_ Songaton Bongaton (2) (4) Puysics Answer Key 3Name DIAGNosTIC TEST TOPIC 3 (conmnuco) 10. A 5-newton force causes a spring to stretch 0.2 meter. What is the potential energy stored in'the stretched spring? ais (3) 0.25 (2) 0.55 (4) 0.17 11, A..0-kilogram rubber balll traveling east at 4.0 meters per second hits a wall and bounces back toward the west at 2.0 meters per second. Compared to the Kinetic energy of the balll before it hits the wall, the kinetic energy of the ball after it hits the wall is (1) one-fourth as great (2) one-half as great (3) the same (4) four times as great 12, During an emergency stop, @ 1.5 x 10°-kilogram car lost a total of 3.0 X 10° joules of kinetic energy. What was the speed of the car at the moment, the brakes were applied? (1) 10. m/s (3) 20. m/s (2) 14 m/s (4) 25 m/s 13. An object falls freely near Earth's surface. Which graph best represents the relationship between the object’s kinetic energy and its time of fall? 14, A car travels at constant speed v up a hill from point A to point B. As the car travels from A to B, its gravitational potential energy (1) increases and its kinetic energy decreases (2) increases and its kinetic energy remains the same (3) remains the same and its kinetic energy decreases, (4) remains the same and its kinetic energy remains the same 4 Puysics Answer Key Date. 15. A horizontal force of 5.0 newtons to the right acts on a 3.0-kilogram mass over'a distance of 6.0 meters along a horizontal, frictionless surface. What is the change in kinetic energy of the mass during its movement over the 6.0-meter distance? () 605 (3) 30.5 (2) 155 (4) 90.5 16. A block weighing 60. newtons is located 0.80 meter above the horizontal on a rough incline. The block is released from rest. If 12 joules of heat is generated as the block slides down the incline, the maximum kinetic energy of the block at the bottom of the incline is (1) 12d (3) 48.5. (2) 365 (4) 60. J 17. A wooden crate is pushed at constant speed across a level wooden floor. Which graph best represents the relationship between the total mechanical energy of the crate and the duration of time the crate is pushed? c ‘S ry 18. A 0.50-kilogram ball is thrown vertically upward with an initial kinetic energy of 25 joules. Approximately how high will the ball rise? [Neglect air resistance.) () 26m (3) 13m (2) 5.1m (4) 25m 19. A constant force is used to keep a block sliding at constant velocity along a rough horizontal track. As the block slides, there could be an increase in its (1) gravitational potential energy, only (2) internal energy, only (3) gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy (4) internal energy and kinetic energy } i 2 ates. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc, or Isajghts Reserved. Copyright © Pearson Education Ine, or its afilates. Al Name Diacnostic Test Topic 4 1, A metal sphere has a net negative charge of 1.1 x 10~® coulomb. Approximately how many more electrons than protons are.on the sphere? (1) 18 x 108 (3) 6.9 x 10” (2) 5.7 x 108 (4) 9.9 x 10" x An object with a net charge of 4.80 X 10-* coulomb experiences an electrostatic force having a magnuitude of 6.00. x 10-* newton when placed near a negatively charged metal sphere. What is the electric field strength at this location? (1) 1.25 x 10‘ NIC directed away from the sphere (2) 1.25 x 10 NIC directed toward the sphere (3) 2.88 x 10°* NIC directed away from the sphere (4) 2.88 x 10°* NIC directed toward the sphere 3. In the diagram below, P is a point near a negatively charged sphere. OQ Which vector best represents the direction of the electric field at point P? —— | | (4) (2) (3) (4) 4, Which graph best represents the relationship between the magnitude of the electric field strength, E, around a point charge and the distance, r, from the point charge? BEES Date. 5, In the diagram below, proton p, neutron rn, and electron e are located as shown between two oppositely charged plates. EEEESEP EEE ESET ESSE ® ‘The magnitude of acceleration will be greatest for the (1) neutron, because it has the greatest mass (2) neutron, because it is neutral (8) electron, because it has the smallest ‘inass (4) proton, because it is farthest from the negative plate 6. If 4.8 X 10°" joule of work is required to move an electron between two points in an electric field, what is the electric potential difference between these points? (1) 1.6 x 10-"V (2) 4.8 x 10-"'V (3) 3.0 x 10°V (4) 4.8 x 10°V 7. A330.-ohm resistor is connected to a 5.00-volt battery. The current through the resistor is (1) 0.152 mA (2) 15.2 mA (3) 335 mA (4) 1650 mA 8, What is the resistance at 20.°C of a 2.0-meter length of tungsten wire with a cross-sectional area of 7.9 X10~? meter”? ()5.7x107Q 3) 71x 1079 (2) 14x10'Q — (4) 4.0 x 107.0 9, Which graph best represents the relationship between the electrical power and the current in a resistor that IN. KO VY ve arent Cart « 2) Puysics ANsweR Key 5Name DiaGNostic TEST TOPIC 4 (connnueo) 10. The current through a lightbulb is 2.0 amperes. How many coulombs of electric charge pass through the lightbulb in one (3) 120 | minute? (1) 60. (2) 206 (4) 240 G 11, A 9.0-volt battery is connected to a | 4.0-ohm resistor and a 5.0-ohm resistor | as shown in the diagram below. | | 4.02 ‘What is the current in the 5.0-ohm. resistor? (1) 104 (2) 184 (3) 23.4 (4) 404 Base your answers to questions 12 through 14 on the circuit diagram below. ® ay 30.9 12, What is the equivalent resistance of the circuit? (1) 10.0 (3) 25.0 (2) 120 (4) 50.0 13, What is the current reading of the amimeter? (1) 104 (3) 0.404 (2) 0.60.4 (4) 0.204 14, What is the power of the 30.-chm resistor? () 48.W (3) 30. W 2) 12W (4) 75 W. 6 Puysics Answer Key Date 15, Two identical resistors connected in series have an equivalent resistance of 4 ohms. The same two resistors, when connected in parallel, have an equivalent resistance of a10 (3) 8.0 (2) 20 40 16. In which circuit represented below are meters properly connected to measure the current through resistor R, and the potential difference across resistor R,? (4) 17. A potential drop of 50. volts is measured across a 250-ohm resistor. What is the power developed in the resistor? (1) 0.20 W (3) 10. W (2).5.0W (4) 50. W (2) 18, An electric iron operating at 120 volts draws 10. amperes of current. How much heat energy is delivered by the iron in 30. seconds? (1) 8.0 x 10°F (2) 12 x 10°F (3) 3.6 x 1085 (4) 3.6 x 10'S 19. The diagram below shows a bar magnet. A N s Which arrow best represents the direction of the needle of a compass placed at point A? at (ays (3) > 4) — Rights Reserved, a Copyright © Pearson Education Inc, oF isaights Reserved. 3 i S : Name DiaGnostic Test Topics 1. A person observes 4.0 waves arriving at the beach every 20. seconds. The frequency of these waves is (1) 0.20. Hz (3) 16 Hz (2) 5,0 Hz (4) 80. Hz 2. The energy of a water wave is most closely related to its (1) frequency (2) wavelength (3) period (4) amplitude se your answers to questions 3 and 4 on the diagram below of a transverse wave traveling inastring. 3. The wavelength of the wave is equal to the distance between points (1) AandG@ (3) Cand E (2) Band F (4) Dand F 4. Which two labeled points are 180° out of phase? (1) Aand D (3) Dand F (2) Band F (4) D and H 5. The diagram below represents a wave. 0.20 m ‘What is the speed of the wave if its frequency is 8.0 hertz? (1) 48 mis (3) 3.2 m/s (2) 16 m/s (4) 1.6 m/s Date aaeee 6. A512-hertz sound wave travels: 100. meters to an observer through air at STP. What is the wavelength of this sound wave? (1) 0.195 m (2) 0.646 m (3) 1.55 m (4) 512m 7. Which unit is equivalent to meters per second? (1) Hzes (2) Hzem (3) s/Hz (4) m/z. 8. A police car traveling at a speed of 30.0 meters per second sounds its siren, which has a frequency of 1.00 x 10° hertz, As the police car approaches a stationary pedestrian, the pedestrian detects a siren frequency of (1) 30.0 Hz (3) 1.00 x 10° Hz (2) 9.19 x 10°Hz' (4) 1.10 x 10° Hz ‘Two waves having the same frequency and amplitude are traveling in the same medium. Maxiinum constructive interference occurs at points where the phase difference between the two superposed waves is (1) 0° (2) 90° (3) 180° (4) 270° 10. Standing waves in water are produced most often by periodic water waves (1) being absorbed at the boundary with anew medium (2) refracting at a boundary with a new medium (3) diffracting around a barrier (4) reflecting from a barrier 11. Radio waves diffract around buildings more than light waves do because, compared to light waves, radio waves (1) move faster (2) move slower (3) have a higher frequency (4) have a longer wavelength Puvsics ANsweR Key 7Name DIAGNOSTIC TEST TOPIC 5 (connwueo) 12, If the speed of a wave doubles as it passes from shallow water into deeper “water, its wavelength will be (1) unchanged =, (3) halved (2) doubled (4) quadrupled 13. As a sound wave passes from water, where the speed is 1.49 x 10° meters per second, into air, the wave's speed (1) decreases and its frequency remains the same (2) increases and its frequency remains the same (3) remains the same and its frequency decreases (4) remains the same and its frequency increases 14, Orange light has a frequency of 5.0 X 10" hertz in a vacuum. What is the wavelength of this light? (1) 15 x10%m (3) 6.0.x 10-7 m (Q2)1L7x10°m — (4) 20 x 10 m 15. A change in the speed of a wave as it enters a new medium produces a change in (1) frequeney (3) wavelength (2) period (4) phase 16. A laser beam is directed at the surface of a smooth, calm pond as represented in the diagram below. Normal Alc Seaweed Which organisms could be illuminated by the laser light? (1) the bird and the fish (2) the bird and the seaweed (3) the crab and the seaweed (4) the crab and the fish 8 Puysics Answer Key Date 17. What is the wavelength of a light ray with frequency 5.09 X 10" herts as it travels through Lucite™? (1) 3.93 x 107m (3) 3.39 x 10 m (2) 5.89 X10" m_— (4) 7.64 x 10 m 18. A ray of light (f= 5.09 x 10 Hz) traveling in air is incident at an angle of 40.° on an air-crown glass interface. What is the angle of refraction for this light ray? (1) 25° (2) 87° (3) 40° (4) 78° 19. The speed of light (f = 5.09 x 10 Hz) in a transparent material is 0.75 times its speed in air. The absolute index of refraction of the material is approximately (1) 0.75 2) 13 (3) 2.3 (4) 4.0 20. Which quantity is equivalent to the product of the absolute index of refraction of water and the speed of light in water? » (1) wavelength of light in a vacuum (2) frequency of light in water (3) sine of the angle of incidence (4) speed of light in a vacuum 21, What is the period of a 60.-hertz electromagnetic wave traveling at 3.0 x 10° meters per second? ()L7x 10s (3) 6.0 10's (2) 2.0 x107s (4) 5.0 x 10s 22, Which pair of terms best describes light waves traveling from the Sun to Earth? (1) electromagnetic and transverse (2) electromagnetic and longitudinal (3) mechanical and transverse (4) mechanical and longitudinal 23. An electromagnetic AM-band radio wave could have a wavelength of (1) 0.005 m (3) 500m (2) 5m (4) 5 000 000 m Copyright © Pearson Education, In, or its afllates. All Rights Reserved.lights Reserved, Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc, or its afliates.. Name Date. Diacnostic Test Topic6 1. All photons in a vacuum have the same (1) speed (3) energy (2) wavelength (4) frequency 2. Which characteristic of electromagnetic radiation is directly proportional to the energy of a photon? (1) wavelength (2) frequency (3) period (4) path 3. A photon of which electromagnetic radiation has the most energy? (1) ultraviolet (3) infrared (2) X-ray (4) microwave 4, Light of wavelength 5.0 x 10-" meter consists of photons having an energy of ()11x10-85 — ) 40 x 10 J (2) 13x 10-5 (4) 17 x 10S 5, The graph below represents the relationship between the energy and the frequency of photons. Energy vs. Frequency Energy (J) Frequency (Hz) ‘The slope of the graph would be (1) 6.63 x 10 J-s (2) 6.67 X 10-" Nem*/kg? (3) 1.60 x 105 (4) 1.60 x 10°C 6. Compared to a photon of red light, a photon of blue light has a (1) greater energy (2) longer wavelength (3) smaller momentum (4) lower frequency 7, An X-ray photon collides with an electron in an atom, ejecting the electron and emitting another photon. Compared to the energy and wavelength of the X-ray photon, the emitted photon has (1) less energy and a shorter wavelength (2) less energy and a longer wavelength (3) more energy and a shorter wavelength (4) more energy and a longer wavelength 8. Which phenomenon best supports the theory that matter has a wave nature? (1) photon momentum (2) photon diffraction (3) electron momentum (4) electron diffraction 9, How much energy is required to move an electron in a mercury atom from the ground state to energy level h? (1) 1.57 eV (3) 10.38 eV (2) 8.81 eV (4) 11.95 eV 10, Which type of photon is emitted when an electron in a hydrogen atom drops from then to the n = 1 energy level? (1) ultraviolet (3) infrared (2) visible light (4) radio wave 11. Excited hydrogen atoms are all in the n = 8 state. How many different photon energies could possibly be emitted as these atoms return to the ground state? qi (3)3 (22 (4 12. A mercury atom in the ground state absorbs 20.00 electronvolts of energy and is ionized by losing an electron. How much kinetic energy does this electron have after the ionization? (1) 6.40 eV (3) 10.38 eV (2) 9.62 eV (4) 13.60 eV Pavsics ANSWER KEY 9Name DIAGNOSTIC TEST TOPIC 6 (connnuco) 13, A hydrogen atom with an electron initially in the n = 2 level is excited further until the electron is in the n = 4 level. This energy level change oceurs because the atom has (1) absorbed a 0.85-eV photon (2) emitted a 0.85-6V photon (3) absorbed a 2.55-eV photon (4) emitted a 2.55-eV photon 14, What fundamental force holds quarks together to form particles such as protons and neutrons? (1) electromagnetic force (2) gravitational foree (3) weak force (4) strong force 15. The total conversion of 1.00 kilogram of the Sun's mass into energy yields (1) 9.31 x 10? MeV (2) 8.38 x 10" MeV (3) 3.00 x 10° J (4) 9.00 x 10° 5 16. A tritium nucleus is formed by combining two neutrons and a proton. Tho mass of this nucleus is 9.106 x 10-* universal mass unit less than the combined mass of the particles from which it is formed. Approximately how much energy is released when this nucleus is formed? (1) 8.48 x 10°? MeV (2) 2.73 MeV (3) 8.48 MeV (4) 273 MeV 17, Baryons may have charges of (1) +e and +4¢ (3) ~1e and +1e (2) +2eand3e (4) ~2e and —5e a 18. Protons and neutrons are examples of (1) positrons (3) mesons (2) baryons (4) quarks 10 Puysics Answer Key Date 19, A particle unaffected by an electric field could have a quark composition of (1) css (3) ude (2) bbb (4) wud Base your answers to questions 20 and 21 on the information below. ‘A lambda particle consists of an up, a down, and a strange particle. A lambda particle has a mass of 1.116 GeV/c’, that is 1.116 gigaelectronvolts divided by the speed of light in a vacuum squared. 20, ‘The lambda particle is classified as a (1) baryon with a charge of +1e (2) meson with a charge of —1e (3) lepton with a charge of Oe (4) hadron with a charge of Oe 21. What is the mass of a lambda particle in kilograms? (1) 1.02 x 10- kg (3) 1.98 x 10° kg (2) 1.98 x 10° kg (4) 1.86 x 10° kg Base your answers to questions 22 and 23 on the information below. The positron is the antiparticle of the electron. When a positron and an electron combine, they annihilate each other and become energy in the form of gamma rays. 22. The total energy produced by this annihilation process is (1) 2.73 x10" T (3) 8.20 x 10 F (2) 5.47 x 10" J (4) 1.64 x 10S 23. What conservation law prevents annihilation from happening with two electrons? (1) conservation of mass (2) conservation of charge (3) conservation of momentum (4) conservation of energy Fights Reserved. Copyright © Pearson Education, in, or its afliaes..PANE ken LEN C Sue ese ANsWwers To DiaGNostic Test 3 ANSWERS TO DiAGNostic Test 4 1 4a z 10. 1B. 16. 1». 28 5 8 n 4 7. 20. 2. 5. 8 1 nn 1“ W. 22 5.8 8.2 mi wd 7.3 3. 6 a 2 15. 1 a BL 68 94 22 15.1 184 ANSWERS TO DiaGNostic Test 5: 1 4 2 10. 13. 16. 19. 2. 4 6 9. 2 15. 18. a. Pavsics Answer Key 11Answers To Topic 1 Review Questions 4 22 34 43 53 62 7. 105 8, 6000km 9.2 10.3 a3 12, 700 am 15, P= me = MEL 14. PR, = List BE teat a be ee wa 2 (onl _ att 6G ne wi 18. L6em 19, 52.5 em( 32) = 0.525 m or 5.25 X 10° m 20, 2 21. 04040 kg 22. 2 23, Lhr 15 min = 75 min, 60 75 min (72*) 4500 5 = 45 x 10°s 24, 18min (222) = 1100. = 11 x30's 25.25N "26, 14NN . mando = Seam 27. (a) 25° sin 0 = PH and 28, (a) 25° (b) 0.42 (c) 0.91 Surface > 30, Using the scale in the drawing, 1.0.em = 14m, (a)'7-3.m (b) 8.6 m, or using a trigonometric function, (©) ta 0 = Giaeent 20d © = 31. sin 9 = SSS goa = (60. mlsin 30.° = 25 m iypotenan’ opposite . 32. tan 6 = pet 50 adjacent = 22258 = 88-96 m 33.4 34.3 i 36. 4 37.2 38.1 39.4 40. 4 a2 42. 13.9m ‘43, 0.029kg 44. 3 45.2 46. 40.00 m 47, A = lw = (41.6 cm)2.3 cm) = 96 em* 48, A = lw = (13.2 m)(10.6 m) = 140. m* om 58a" Di sadeats ™ student? the answor is yes. 49, 21%10-% m 50, 15X10" hg 51. 7.7108 N 52. 4.96% 10s 53. 8 a8 55.1 56.2 522 50.8 0.3 ea. 8 a3 5.2 6.4 1108 | 69, 22220 = 1.7 « 10! bulbs | 70.9 wre 7 SEES Loe | 7 ES = 10" Che | ga. 300 tts _ 73, MEME = 19-2 ee mat 75. Perent Ermor = stare 199 Sansa 5 199 = = pap 10 mn * 100 = 11% ater 76, Peront Brvor = shea 199 = 222% 100 = 2% 77. Range = 4.78 min ~ 4.07 min = 0.66 min site . a) sing = 27H and e = S18. = 7.0m (min) i xf, (min) (= WF imi) [oe — HPF (mine) | The chart at 466 1 466 0.1024 0.1024 instructional 473 1 473 0.1521 0.1521 purposes. 451 1 “451 0.0289) 0.0289 sauce 432 1 432 ‘0.0004 0.0004, Sales ualg 0 4.17 1 ‘417 (0.0289 0.0288 Beiontific 415 1 415 00361 0.036% calculator. 4 ft 4.12 ‘0.0484 0.0484 407 1 407 0.90729) 00729 3=8 | Byi= 3073 Bq =F, = 04701 Puysics ANSWER Key 13ye. z= MAB 8 494 min 80. Range = 96°F ~ 63°F = 33 °F. The chart below is for instructional purposes. Students may determine values using a scientifie ealeulator. 0.24 min aC) A xa | x= eCH | err 3 5 315 =i6 256 70; 3 310, =9 a1 78 @ 312 = 1 79 3 237 ° o o 20. 6 280 1 i 24 4 336 5 35 96 5 480 7 389 a1. 183. Range = 26 em ~ 18 om = 8 em. The chart below is, for instructional purposes. Students may determine values using a scientific calculator. xem) 5. xf.tem) [x — (em) | 0 — RP Cem) | OWS em 18 6 108: =3 18 4 76. =2 20. 4 80. = 7 3 ° 5 3 3 5 ‘86, Nonlinear horizontal seale, skipped 800 on vertical scale, (m) as a unit not labeled on the vertical axis, dependent variable should be first in the te 274 28. 9 99.3 90. 1 m4 2, ay : 3 Cceumference Period squared oa) Pe (© Gm 2er Front aa vo on @ P= 0% Fr? = Gmym, 98, 9.395 640 95 x 10° 99.2 100. 10. 14° Puvsics Answer Key101, sing = ee hypotenuse(sing) so opposite = A risint0° = 0:24 102, A= Arne + ct * Asn Andon oh dn A= 20 9140.) + (60 9100. mi) + 1.00.6 8) A=10m 1. slope = = $2. ANSWERS To Topic 2 Review Questions wi 2a 24 bt o= Va +i = VGSm) + (15 ml = 21m 64 5.1 2.5 mist m1 10.is Be ae 16, 18m/s 17, The area under the curve is equal to the distance traveled. A= Arde * Artanis = 15 mist 18. 20, 21.8 23.3 24..C 26. C 27.8 29.2 30. 4 323m 33. 2sto8s 341 35. B5tode 36.4 37.3 38.2 39. », =, + at = (981 mis(8.00 8) 40. 1 a3 ad a3. 4 4a 45.3 46. 2 47.2 48. 3 491 50. 2 51. A, = Asin @ = (900. Nisin 60.") = 260.N 52.2 53.4 5a 4 55.1 56.2 57. Tabletop 58.3 59,3 60. 4 oa 62.2 | Fay _ 100N 2 63, a = Fat = J28N ~ 0.500 in 64, 3 65.1 66. 4 67. 4 68. 40.N 69. 4 70. For every action force there is an equal but ‘opposite reaction force. m2 72.3 73.2 74,8 75.1 76. 2 7.8 78, Both arrows take the same amount of time to strike the plane. 18. d= i+ at (ai _ [amy s Datmet 298 2 Bd 4, =A cos @~ (50. m/s 30 = 180. eS 2. Os +00 a ad yy 981 8 6, on 2 SO ao Aired toward the conta of curvature 88, Fo ae = OO AN aan o2 4 30 eA 99. 3 + 100, S 101. Q cae | ete | Dina 105, © 106. 4 107. 3 108. 5 % 109. «= 2 F,= mg = (6.00 kp (981 m/e) = 494. 04 111. acceleration due to gravity or gravitational field strength sen 2, BE = 16 mi 13, 14, 2 15. 8 m6. 17.2 8. 1 119, 120, AandD Puvsics Answer Key 15121. F,= Fy . F, = (0.30)25N) F,=75N 122, 25N 123, The crate is accelerating because a net foree is acting on i 124.1 125. 2 126. F, = nF y F, = (18)(20. eg 9.81 mis) Fo 18 Nor147N 127. 10.N i 128. g= F, = mg = (6.0 kg)(9.81 mis") = 49.N 129, The normal forge is equal in magnitude to the cart's weight, but opposite in direction. 130. 0.20 aa. j= Fem AN 17 Nn thi cas, the weight ‘equals the normal foree. 133.1 136. 4 13a 2 137. 8 132. 135, 138, SON-8 ON-t - 2.0.N east 140. Bsto4s 142. 1 139. 11. 143, -* = 6.00 m/s ‘Therefore, the final speed of the mass could be 94 mis or 106 mis 1448, 2 145. Poa Pate Mra = MP = Pas (2.0 kgX6.0 m/s) * (8.0 kging = O kg: mis (8.0 kgm, = ~12 kg mis y= ~40 mis Pree = Pate ra, + mary = (m+ m0 (01180 igX0180 mi) + (0.100 gX0.0 mis) = (01160 kg + 0.100 ig), ¥,= 0.51 mis to the right v7 146. Regents Practice Questions 12 23 31 a4 5.3 61 m4 83 9.2 10, 2 Wa 12.8 Bd 4.38 15.3 16.1 md 18, 2 19.3 20. 2 2.2 2.3 23.3 24.3 25. 4 26.1 27.4 28. 2 29.2 30. 1 16 Puysics Answer Key 3.4 32.8 33.1 341 35.1 36.3 37.1 3a. 4 39.2 40. 4 an 4 42.8 43.8 442 45.9 46. 4 47.8 49.2 49. 4 50. 8 51.9 52.3 53. 30° 22" 54, 40m = 20m 58. 40m A 56. d=n¢+ 3a = i Ve 57, v= 9, = at = (9.81 m/s3(7.0 s) = 69 m/s or v= Vo + Bad = V2(9.81 mis") (240 m) = 69 mis sa. 59,and 60. 300.m 200.m Resultant P | LL. conrect incomect vector sequence vector sequence 61. 361 m+ 15m 62, 56" =2" 63. 59, Fat 6. 66. fo on = Moma 0-al 29 g a a Becaus thé sine averages 10, ss while iis ‘moving upwards, a= t= C0. m}208) t+ ba 0. m oF 20. m/sy(2.0 5) + 4-981 mi 20 40, m ~ 20, m = 20. ‘he tm i takes forthe ston to fll othe level of tho student equals its time of ise, 2.0 seconds, Tecanse neglecting ar roistance the force af gravity on the stone is constant. ‘The speed of the stone at the time it eturns to the Tove othe student is 20, ls because the force of fravity ating on the stone is constant. However,the stone is traveling in the opposite direction so its velocity is ~20. m/s, or 20. m/s downward. 67. In a 6.0-second time interval, the stone rises for 2.0 seconds as determined in question 62, and falls for 4.0 seconds, assuming the cliff is high enough so that the stone does not hit the ground before 4.0 seconds has elapsed. at = 0.0 m/s + (~9.81 m/s*(4.0 8) ‘The stone falls 78 meters downward from its highest point, or 58 meters below the position of the student. 6. 49 50 69 70 Velocity (m/s) 70, Speed (mm/s) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Time (s) Mas = 2.0 mist 7 he 72. The area under the curve is equal to the distance traveled. A= Avsoge +A, in * Aan 5h = 120, 2140 ml) = 400:m Avamgs = BA = (2.0 9440, 18) = 800. 4= 1200 m 73, 20, mis 74 decelerating to rost 73. BC 76. 5.0N + 0.2N 7m. 78, 45N + 2N . 79, 27° 2° (9.0 m/s)(1.84s) = 17m Time 85. As the ball rises the vortieal component ofits ‘velocity decreases and the horizontal component ofits velocity remains the same. Horizontal 87. See question 86. 88. 0.0N sp, p= m= (00x 113400" = 4.00 X 10 N directed toward the center of curvature 20.0 m/s)(20.0 s) = 400. m 91. The magnitude of the ear’s eontripetal acceleration from D to A is twice as great as the magnitude of its contripetal acceleration from B to C. 92, Because the car is moving at constant speed, the magnitude of its momentum is always the same, Puvsics Answer Key 1793, ‘The magnitude of the centripetal acceleration is, the same because it is not dependent on ma: 94. Weight vs.Mass oe me sO vest 05, See quetion 94 oe, See gunn og =f = B22 mle oe, See gusten = 50.N, 35° 100, See question 99. won. 41N=3N toa, 41N=3N 103. F,= nF, y= Ha 8X 60.N 104, The magnitude ofthe normal foree acting on the cart is less than the weight of the cart. 105. Normal force Friction Y Weight Band g = #4, 50m == 106, a =F and g = 7, # Pace _ 24N) 051 0) oan 56mist 18 Puysics Answer Key 107. F, 108, p = mv = (2.00 x 10" kg)(4.0 m/s) = 8.0 x 10° kg: ils faoxroF kg] A a 80x10 kg mis “The vector should be 80cm long. 110, Momentum is conserved. The initial momentum of the system was 8.0 X 10° kg mis + (-6.0 10° kg- m/s) = +2.0 X 10° kg-m/s, 90 the final ‘momentum of the system is +2.0 10° kg m/s, am. Velocity vs. Time Velocity (rvs) (ein 20) 50) 407 50) 112. See question 111. tata i 113, g = = MAIO 5.0 mht(203 mie) 114, Aceags = HOR = 24.8 8X04 ml) = 68 m 115. Ap = mAv = (1500 kg)(~24.0 m/s) 3.6 x 10'kg- m/s 116. Frat = Ap Fe 2 = 1.5 X10 N 117, The impulse is eal to the change in momentum: 118, The magnitude of the horizontal component of the object’s velocity is the samo at points AandB. 119. ‘The magnitude of the vertical component of the object's velocity at point A is less than itis at point B.Height of Ideal path of object Distance from base of cliff 1a, 122, 123. 125. 2 126. 128. 8 129. 131. 2 133, 50.0N 132.1 Block A has a mass of 1 kilogram and block B hhas a mass of 2 kilograms. ‘Ay = A.c08 = (100. N)(eos 80.) Tn equilibrium F,., = 0 134, 86.6N Fi. F,+F,=Oand F,= 86.6 N (magnitude) 135, 2 136. 1 137, 75m 138. 6.0 m/s? 139. 8 140, 1 141. Examples of acceptable responses: Displacement vs.Time 20] ° cry 30 Time's) 720 Displacement vs.Time T g i a ° 30 oo 30 Time's) 120 142. 13. 14a. us. a ‘Seo question 141 Range: 0.50 s to 1.008 0.7615 s and 0.76 5 o= 0118 32 147, 80.% 10, Loe Cire) 2d _ 2(2648.m) (orise) 149, Percent Brrr = stbineme » 09 Bola! 5 190 = 0.1% 150, Tension Normal Friction 151. Fag, = Fy sind = (100, N)(sin 30. ormake a seale diagram, 50.0N, make a scale diagram, nda =F 104 N — 50. N~ 10, N= 44N Fe, 100. 2 = BON = 10.2 kg rr 4.8 mist up the incline Puysics ANsweR Key 19154. 155, 156. 157. 159, 160. 161. 162, j E fu Fra ON ] fy F,,=0N acai 4 : a scale ‘The reading on the scale when the elevator is accelerating upward is greater than when the elevator is stationary. Ge nar y= and t = S*8 = 04592 4 0.948 5 400m _ 5, Gogre = 2-62 mvs d= ob from rst -- : d, = gt = (2.52 m/s)(0.434 s) = 1.09 m og he in en red oth mare See ef ead ange tie acts ne te shel bare SOAS cles Senta spot etapa ee ra ral cr Sra eli Slav who ese ie cge th toy (oh er old have 9 grater il peal Say ui cen sear lane Sm SaaS Maing te EB pal nt evs nk SAV Tatte te in seee a Hoar ier oe tik eet ‘The time of fall depends only on the height of Ben tO Wit he gtr tome 2 neh ha caeoeal teas gree horizontal distance after it was projected from i owas) ‘a mt 0.4348 Puvsics Answer Key 163. 164. 165. wm. fu Ft | Vo Seo question 163. Fou = Fe = Fy ~ ‘Julia Is correct. Average speed, a scalar quantity, js total distance traveled divided by time of travel. Velocity is a vector quantity. As an object ‘moves in a circular path, its velocity continually changes due to a change in direction of travel, although the object may be moving at a constant ‘speed.172. All of the washers could be collectively massed using the triple-beam balance. Dividing by the number of washers would yield the average ‘mass of a washer. It is the weight of the ‘suspended washers that provides the centripetal force acting on the moving rubber stopper. ‘Substituting the mass in kilograms of the appropriate number of washers into the formula F, = mg yields the value of the centripetal foree, substituting 8 rae 174. a pair of goggles for each student and a meter stick to measure the radius 175. It is difficult to note exactly one revolution for a xapidly moving object. Significant error can he introduced in starting and stopping the watch due to human reaction time. It is preferable to spread that error over thirty revolutions to minimize its effects. 176, Constant quantities: mass of stopper, radius of ‘curvature, Column headings might be Number of Washers, Magnitude of Centripetal Force (N), ‘Time for Thirty Revolutions (s), and Period of Revolution(s). W71 Pétiod - Centripetal Force 178, They did not determine (a) the relationship between the magnitude of the centripetal force and the mass of a moving object or (b) the relationship between the magnitude of the centripetal force and the radius of curvature of the path of a moving object. V9. Fy= uy» Fy = me B= 1) @ajesi me) S10) ma, a, rst _ (1600) (20. mit) oe 0m 1600 kg)(9.81 mv/s*) = 1.6 x JON (1) 0x 10° Nt) =F sox 108% Ba recon 50 (1) 180. Changing the mass of the car would have no effect on the maximum speed at which it could round the curve, Answers To Topic 3 Review Questions wa wz 32 Aeon 8 © 100.6 a3 and? = 8, therfore 20.0 NV.0 miN60 5 480 rd = (8.0 NX8.0 m) = 24 5 12. 40m Ba “ws 15.4 16. 20.m/e 17. 8 18.3 19, 12x 10°W 20. 3 2, Pa and = FE 60X10 NKEOm) t 0W 10.8, on a p= Memon ea Fo 40 x1EN co | See aint ee eee omen as os 50, PE, = Hhst= 3120 Nim¥0.20 my = 2.4.3 51.2 52.4 53.1 541 35. Puysics ANsweR Key 2156, Example of Acceptable Response Force vs. Elongation Pre 2a 60 ° 0 010 020 030 040 Elongation) 57.4 58, 3 59. KE = mot jame (RET vo fH = [RET - 80m 60, 1 3 os 6.1 3 6.3 66. 4 on 8.2 69. 2 70. PE, + KE, = PE, + KE, 1962 Govig\oarme) 72. PE, + KE, = PE, + KEy KE, = PE, = mgh = Fb 73.3 74.4 76. 2 77.3 78. 3 79,1965 80.2 a1. 3 82, APE = mgAh = (2.0 kg)9.81 m/s*(40.m) = 780 J 83. 84, (600 NX0.6 m) = 800 5 75.2 2 20kg, a4 6.3 87, KE = By = (10.0 ugX10.0 min? = 600.3 ba, Pema 28 = SBDIEOE Rap oo. d = vt = (5.00 mis)(4.0s) = 20.m_ 90, J = Ap 100. N+ Av = (10.0 kgX—10.0 mis) = 22 Paysics Answer Key a 93. 94, 100. 4915 103. 3 Regents Practice Questions a 4 2 10. 13, 16. 40, 2 92, 8 Kinetic energy. Speed PE, + KE, = PE, + KE, PE, = KE, mah (100 me* 2 97.2 PE, + KE, = PE, + KE, +W PE,= PE, + Fd PEA —PBy _ may’ may _ maths hy) a G (4.00 x 20-*kg)(0.81 mls(0.80 9 ~ 050) 380m 3x 107 N 1. Ws Fd and F = F,= phy = ung (0.67)(.00 * 10*g)(9.81 m/s") 6x 1085 7 101. 109 104. 4 102. 1 3 22 3.3 1 58 62 4 at 92 2 3 WA 3 14. 4 15.4 3 m3 18. 2 4 20, 2 24 1 23.1 24.2 1 ar 3 29.1 30.3 4 32.2 33.4 1 35.1 Ws Fa and P= F cos 0 W = (P cos #)) = (120 NXeos 37°K10. m) = 960 5 W = APE = mgAh = (20. NY8.0 m) = 60.5 . W = Fd andd = 0t 24m 480 e Aa Elongation °o Force 42, the length of the spring before any weight was added 43. Pe) o ¥ 44, Ke ° v 45, 5 Nien 46. (2.5 NimYX0.20 m)* = 5.0 10° J. PB, = KB, = bs = 12.00 bg6.00 m/s? = 96.05 oa 2. oe = COM. 5.6 at 63, The sum of the kinetic and potential energies of the bob at postion 1 is equal to the oun of fhe netic and potential energes ofthe ba at, poniton 2, oa, 6. 66. on. 66. 70, ny. 72, na. 74, 7. 76. (6.0 em\3.0 mem) = 24 m APE = mgAh = (650 kgX9.81 m/s")(24 m) 5x 10°F ‘The Kinetic energy of the ear at the top of the second hill is less than the kinetic enorgy of the car at the top of the third hill APE = mgh = (6.00 kgX9.81 m/s*\(66.0 m) = 82405 KB = mv? = 16.00 kX90.0 mis) = 2700.5 540 ‘The “lost” energy was conveited into heat because work was done against friction. Work Tine aw Me” 408-208 ‘The slope represents the power developed. 258 ‘The work that must be done to stop a moving object is equal to the kinetic energy of the object. ‘Kinetic enorgy is given by the formula KE = bm, 3 so if two objects have the same initial velocity », the more massive object has the greater kinetic energy. Thus, it requires more work ta stop the forry boat. ‘If no outside work is done on pendulum, such as giving it a push while swinging, the pendulum ‘cannot possess mare energy at any point in its swing than at its point of release. At the instant the bob is released, it has no kinetic energy. All of its energy is potential energy, PE = mgh, where ‘iis the height of the bob above the lowest point ofits swing. When the bob swings through one ‘yele and returns to the student, the maximum ‘energy the bob ean have is mgh. Thus, the ideal, pendulum would return to the tip of the student’s, nose. In reality, some energy is converted to work. done against friction. As a result, the bob rises to some height less than its height a the time oft . The power developed by the teacher is found by determining the time rate of doing work. 600 W. ‘The teacher develops the same power as the power consumed when six 100-watt light bulbs are tumed on. Puvsics ANSWER KEY 2378. 1.00 kW BoP y(S0zin)-a04.) 6X 108S 79, PB, + KE, = PB, + KE, gh + 0 = mg(2r) + Fav, gh gQr) + Ph, ‘And ifthe car just makes it around the top of the loop, the normal force of the track on the car is zero, Gravity provides the centripetal foree. gh = gar) + her 80, During the collision momentum is conserved Pm Py 5, = (Mey + My), io ‘Mechanical energy is conserved after the collision. ‘pra = met») + Ho" I= 2mgt-9) + by? 87, hy? mos + may b= Moy +259) 24° Pavsics Answer KEY |. PE = mgh = mgt2r) Prare Force vs. Elongation 24 eg pra 18h 12 Keaseies Force (N) 10 0.20 030 040 Elongation (m) See question 88 PE, + KE, = PE, + KE, 4, gms = mat vy = VOgt = 2mgr PE, + KE, = PE, + KE, amgr + Irv, = 0+ San but gms mat 2ngr + Ineg = mae fen tt v= Vag(e =) 12 x 10* Nor 11,800 N ay (0.67432,000 N) 8,000 N or 8,040 N , Fa (6,000 N16 m) 1.3 x 10°J or 128,000 5 as,’ Lax 1g OTH = 5 mis of Bad vo 7 m/s*)(16 m) 4.6 mls =P CBT RED mis. ae ws ™ (50. kg) (6.0 m/s)60. kg) i = 5.0 mis Prats ~ Pate ty $s Py (1000. kg) (6.0 m/s) *+ (6000. ke) (0.0 mvs) (1000. kg + 5000. ke)», {6000 leg + ms = (6000. », 10 mis = (m, + mv,i (6000. keg) (1.0 m/s)? KE = 3000 J or 3.0 x 10° 5 102, The KE of the combined carts after the collision is less than the KE of the carts before the collision. FE oieg > KE sg 103, —B, because the mass has the greatest speed. —B, because the total potential energy is least —B, the speed at A and C is zero 104, — A, because it is the highest point of travel 105. —C, because the spring is stretched the ‘maximum amount —C, because the KE and gravitational PE are a 106 and 107. Dart's Maximum Vertical Displacement vvs. Spring Compression C I | art's Maximum Vertical Displacement (m) 0” 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100 0.120 Spring Compression (m) 108. PE, = Hex PE, = (140 Nim¥0.070 my PE, = 0845 109. 5.6.N ANSWERS To Topic 4 Review Questions 13 22 3. proton +e electron ~e neutron Oe ad 5.3 6.3 mL a1 9.3 10, +2xC 1.2 m1 34 wi 15.1 16.4 ”. (8.00 10° N-mt/A(2.0 x 30-7040 10-76) (20% 10" iP 1 20. 2 2,2 23.3 =30V 6. 100 aa | g g Tenath aan ae at 5. n= sa (oem ara if - ceeee =14x 10° 0-m at aa 503 m2 53, Puvsics Answer Key 2575. 26. 29, 95. 8 98. 101. 104. 105. 106. 107. 110, ‘The current in ammeter A, is greater than the BYo12A 10.8 current in ammeter A, . Hf another resistor is added to the circuit in parallel, the equivalent resistance decreases and the total eurrent in the circuit increases. R fe Pate wo. 80, volts, Ifthe resistance of R, is increased, the potential difference across it remains 30. volts, but the (o.vF 90.W current through it decreases. 4 a a P R w P P q 2 4 ‘atleast one is a magnet or one is a magnet, 3 s { 1 3 s2-/8 3 pls als (20 _ ‘sow ~ and I 99. 102. 108... m1. 2 1 4 300 (4800 W)(10.0 5) a8, 1. 94, ween 5.6 100. The potential difference across the source is equal to the potential difference across Ry, a 1 4 ax 10d 2 103. 4 109. m2. Regents Practice Questions Part A 1 4a z 10. 3 16. 19. 2. 2 5. 8 1 4 7. 20. 23. 26 Puysics Answer Key 24, 25.2 26. 3 27.4 28.1 29, 2 30, 2 BL 4 32.8 33.4 344 35.2 36. 4 37.2 38.1 39.1 40. 3 a4 2.3 43.2 44.2 46, -1.0 x 10°*N 1.60 x 10-6 a7, = MBXWE 91.76 x 10 Chg 4. aid * 5 ® ® x 3 so. <> axiose st. F,= Mt (esd 10H mbonind x 00x24 x 1040) oma? = 0a1N 2, 38 ag Distance of separation 53, charge on A = charge on B= ba. \o-volt5. The electron would travel a parabolic path toward the positive plate, 5. The magnitude of the electric field strength at points B and A is the same. Vad W = Vq = (10.0V)(-1.60 x 10°C) = =1.60 x 107 3 1.87 Xx 10° m/s 0.750 608 (0.50 A)(6.0 9) 15 V)(0.50 A)(10.0 min)(60 s/min) 5x 10°F 1000 ‘The 6.0-chm resistor dissipates less power than the 15.0-ohm resistor. ‘Removing the 5.0-chm resistor from the circuit increases the potential drop across resistor R and inereases the current through the ammeter 73. 8.0.0 aR 69. 70. nv 2 124 78. A series circuit provides only one current path. ‘Typical electrical devices used in a kitchen include one or more lights, a refrigerator, and a toaster. If these devices were connected in a series circuit, all of the devices would have to be turned on for the refrigerator to operate. If one device was not receiving electricity, none of the other devices ‘would either. ‘Standard incandescont light bulbs are designed to be operated in parallel at 120 volts. The power v "$0 power developed is given by the formula P = is inversely proportional to resistance, Therefore, the 150-watt bulb has less resistance than the ooratt bulb Resistance, R= js dirly 79. 80. a1. a2, a4, 86, proportional to length and inversely proportional to cross-sectional area, Thus, a filament of low resistance is relatively thick and short. ‘An electron located between two oppositely charged metal plates experiences an upward electric force that accelerates tho electron upward if the upper plate is positively charged and the upward force, exerted by the electric field, is greater than the downward force exerted by the gravitational field. + 7 + 7 +) 4a. Fe + - KE = Stand v = © 7 ‘Tho maximum speed corresponds to the maximum kinetic energy, which equals the work dane on the tlectron by the fel, Sin? = Va, butm = meanda pn? = Ve ‘The maximum speed of a proton would be Tess than that of an electron, Although both particles hhavo the same magnitude of charge e, the proton ‘is more massive than the electron. The maximum speed is inversely proportional to the square root cof mass. (See problem 82.) ken | kent Yante tt, FO =e RTE a hak ane R Broiler ® __| 12001 Pavsics Answer Key 27a7. 96. 28 ¥ 7 pet g vy _ (ov pata OB 0.0 a Ww (1440 W)(10.0: )(60. s/min) 000 = 86x 10°F paw Br T= 9 > toy “2A A Sectan te Urals dows 12 A of caren, 8 A aera eae can awn belo ts re — Athmugh the potential op acon the baler fewer acta net ibe cureat would Ethos heart et ing el coeenet eater ndvetonesetonal | se ee to both potential difference and current, the power el output of the broiler would decrease. 030. 300 = 2 é ous. © 0.0. 600 0.05: Penis rece 99, slope = St = S21 — 0154 = 0.038 4 i| eee ere eee | — 101, The amp dos no ahey O's aw because the nv Heather 102, See annver to question 98. 409, P= I~ (t0¥\(027 A) = 190 {04 Ta bel is ot operating a th standard het 105. cone tang io a Adding an additional 2.0-chm resistor to the 2 circuit would not change the amount of current & Se ces Say no wale S wo jeeve bya ie eee On Sra i wes Gonat ear 3 ow ‘hen cone parla hw equivalent eee ee hee it value athe resistor. When connected in series, the equivalent 100 cae cries neva of cer ree ° ageing gota Mle od 106. The current inthe wire is invereyprpatonl Puysics Answer Key 107. to the wire’s length. a108. g 2 2 Length 109, n="! and A= wr and r= a2 BA e+ 0 e+ Oe = (281 x 10° Mev) (40evndav)(1.60 x 10° JV) core 60x10" » = | ! - | nee cround ot a 35. 36. 37. 38, 669 x10-%5-6 (GFX 10" igh x 10s) A= 49x 107m ‘The wavelength of the particle is of the same order of magnitude of gamma rays. ht Fendt 2 1609 1045-9 s © GAOT 10M) 899 x IPN mL 80 x 1G = 681 x 10m 5.1 x 10"?nm oe wndt 8d ze ee nae B= me? = 29.11 X 10-* kg) 8.00 x 10" mis* = 1.64 x 10 F 5.18 X 10eV B= hf B _fastxio™ i Geax as 124 x 10H 9. gamma ray or X-ray 1. d = 167 x 10m Paysics Answer Key 33Soden 44, sing = $248. - 0,260 45, A= d sin § = (1.67 x 10-* m\(0.260) 434 x 10-Tm 46. 4.35833 x 107m late erat 5. 199 47. Percent Error ‘ccpted value 0.02 10°" 210-8 X 100 = 0.5% (6.88 107 -5)(.00 x 10 i 34x10 4 p= 4.58 x 10-5 49, 2.86 eV 50. ftoc 34 Paysics Answer KEY 51, 19.84 x 105 1.984 x 10 52. Be hf fee 194x104 Fees f= 292 x 10" He f= 292 x 10 Us 53. 0.018 63 54, 17.3 MeVLdgh eS iee OM eA RY) Part. 1 28 3.38 a 5.4 61 7 8.1 9.4 10. 1.38 Rs 3 a4 5.3 16, 7.2 1B2 1%. 20. 2 2.3 2. 23.3 4.4 25. 26. 1 2.4 28. 29.1 30. 1 31 32.4 33.1 34, 35, 2 Part B-1 36. 2 37. 4 382 39. 4 40. 8 a2 42.4 43. 3 44.3 45.1 46. 4 ad 48, 3 49, 1 50, 3 For each question requiring the student to determine the answer, apply the following seoring criteria « Allow credit if the answer is not expressed with the eérrect number of significant figures. + Do not penalize a student for a rounding error or if the answer is truneated. For each question requiring the student to show all calewlations, including the equation and substitution with units, apply the following scoring criteria: Scoring Criteria for Parts Calculations « Allow 1 credit for the equation and substitution of values with units, Ifthe equation and/or substitution with units is not shown, do not allow this credit, Allow credit if the student has listed the values with units and written a correct equation, ® Allow 1 credit for the correct answer (number ‘and unit). Ifthe number is given without the unit, allow credit if the credit for units was previously deducted for this calculation problem. « Penalize a student only once per calculation problem for incorrect or omitted units. * Allow credit if the answer is not expressed with the correct number of significant figures. * Do not penalize a student for a rounding error or if the answer is truneated. Part B-2 51. [1] Allow 1 credit for 25 m/s + 1 mis. 52. (1] Allow 1 credit for 39° = 2. Note: Allow credit for an answer that is consistent with the student's response to ‘question 51. 53. [2] Allow a maximum of 2 credits. Refer to Scoring Criteria for Calculations in this rating guide. Examples of 2-credit response: bv; 008 8 v4 = 40. m/seos 39° », = Sl m/e 54, 55, 56. 37. dy = Vor oF vig = (40. mis)® — (25 mis) by, = Sl mvs Note: Allow credit for an answer that is consistent with the student’s response to question 51 or 52 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: —frietion — Some of the gravitational energy of the ‘mass was converted into internal energy. ‘Therefore, it could not return to its original height. — air resistance [2] Allow a maximum of2 eredits, allocated as follows: * Allow 1 credit for drawing a series circuit ‘containing two resistors and a battery. « Allow 1 credit for correct placement of the voltmeter. Example of a 2-eredit response: 6v 62 42 ——— Note: Allow eredit even if the student draws a call instead of a battery and/or labels only one resistor with its value. [2] Allow a maximum of 2 credits. Refer to Scoring Criteria for Calewlations in this rating guide. Example of a 2-credit response: 1 PE, = Ghee __ (1.25 x 10-8) * (250x107? m) k= 40.0Nim In) Allow 1 credit for 6.25 X 100. . [2] Allow a maximum of 2 credits, Refer to Searing Criteria for Caleulations in this rating guide. Example of a 2-credit response: (6.25 x 10°? 0)(3.14 x 10 m*) . 3.0m p= 5.81X10-°O-m ‘Note: Allow credit for an answer that is consistent with the student's response to quostion 87. ° JuNE"10 REGENTS ExAMINATION