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CHAPTER 10 Linear Programming

This document provides examples and steps for solving problems using linear programming. It defines linear inequalities and their graphical representations. Examples are given to demonstrate writing the constraints as inequalities and sketching the feasible region. Steps for linear programming include writing the constraints, graphing the inequalities, determining the feasible region, defining the objective function, and finding the optimal value. Sample problems are presented for students to practice writing the inequalities and sketching the feasible regions.

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Jiajia Lau
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
338 views

CHAPTER 10 Linear Programming

This document provides examples and steps for solving problems using linear programming. It defines linear inequalities and their graphical representations. Examples are given to demonstrate writing the constraints as inequalities and sketching the feasible region. Steps for linear programming include writing the constraints, graphing the inequalities, determining the feasible region, defining the objective function, and finding the optimal value. Sample problems are presented for students to practice writing the inequalities and sketching the feasible regions.

Uploaded by

Jiajia Lau
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 10 : Linear Programming

A solid line (―) is used for  or  and a dashed line (---) is used for > or <

10.1 Graphs of linear inequalities


1. Shade the region that is defined by the inequality.
(a) y  3 x  2 (b) 4 x  3 y  3

(c) 3x   y  4 (d) y  2 x  3  0

2. Construct and shade the region R defined by the following inequalities.


(a) x  2, 2 y  3x  4, x  2 y  2  0 (b) x  y  5, 2 y  2 x  3, 2 y  x  3  0
(c) y  5, y  x  1, 5  2 x  y 1
(d) x  2, x  4, y  0, y  x2
2

(e) x  0, y  0, x  y  60, x  4 y  120 (f) 2 y  x  15, 2 y  5 x  3, 2 y  3x  5  0

10.2 Linear Programming


Steps to solve problems involving linear programming:
(a) Write the linear inequalities that describe the situation.

Mathematical Expressions Inequality


a y greater than x
b y less than x
c y not more than x
d y not less than x
e The sum of x and y is not more than k
f The minimum value of y is k
g The maximum value of y is k
h y is at least k times the value of x
i y exceeds x by k or more.
j x exceeds y by k or less.
k The ratio of y to x is k or less.
l The ration of x to y is k or more.
m y is at least k times of x.
n y is at most k times of x.
(b) Draw the graph for each inequality formed.
(c) Determine the region that satisfies all the inequalities.
(d) Determine and draw the objective function, ax  by  k , where a, b and k are constants.
(e) Find the optimum value by drawing a line parallel to the objective function on the same graph.
Examples:
1. The cost of a book is 50 cents and that of a pen is RM 1.30. A student wants to buy x books and y pens with the
following conditions:
(a) At least 3 pens must be bought.
(b) The total number of books and pens bought must not be more than 12.
(c) The amount of money spent is at most RM 10.
Write down the three inequalities other than x  0 and y  0 that satisfy all the above conditions.
I:…………………………………………………….

II:……………………………………………………

III:……………………………………………………

2. A fruit grower grows x mango trees and y durian trees in his orchard based on the following constraints.
(a) The number of mango trees is less than the number of durian trees.
(b) The total number of trees should be more than 50.
(c) The number of durian trees is at most three times the number of mango trees.

Write down the three inequalities other than x  0 and y  0 that satisfy all the above conditions.

I:…………………………………………………….

II:……………………………………………………

III:……………………………………………………

3. A transport company deliver vegetables and flowers using lorries and vans. Each lorry carries 40 boxes of flowers
and 50 boxes of vegetables. Each van carries 20 boxes of flowers and 40 boxes of vegetables. In a day, the
company uses x lorries and y vans. The following conditions must be satisfied.
(a) The total number of boxes of flowers must be less or equal to 800.
(b) The total number of boxes of vegetables must be at least 600.
(c) The number of vans must not be more than two times the number of lorries used.
(a) Write down the three inequalities other than x  0 and y  0 that satisfy all the above conditions.

I:…………………………………………………….

II:……………………………………………………

III:……………………………………………………
(b) Using a scale of 2 cm to 5 units on both axes, draw three lines which define the region satisfying all the hthree
inequalities. Shade the region R that satisfy the three inequalities.
Refer to your graph.

4. A factory employs skilled and semi-skilled workers. An amount of RM 64000 is used to pay the monthly salaries
of the workers. The monthly salary of a skilled worker and semi-skilled worker is RM 1200 and RM 800
respectively. Semi-skilled workers exceed skilled workers by at least 10 persons. The minimum number of skilled
1
workers is of the number of semi-skilled worker.
7
(a) Given that x represents the number of skilled workers and y represents the number of semi-skilled workers,
write down three inequalities other than, that satisfy all of the above conditions.
(b) Using a scale of 2 cm to 5 workers on the x-axis and 2 cm to 10 workers on the y-axis, draw a graph to show
these inequalities.
Mark and shade the region R which satisfy these conditions.

Answer:

(a) I :

II :

III :

(b) Refer to graph.

5. A company delivers 900 parcels using x lorries and y vans. Each lorry carries 150 parcels while each van carries
60 parcels. The cost of transporting the parcels using a lorry is RM 60 while that of a van is RM 40. The total cost
spent on transportation is not more than RM 480.
(a) Write down two inequalities other than, that satisfy all of the above conditions.
(b) Using a scale of 2 cm to 2 units on both axes, draw two lines which define the region satisfying both
inequalities. Shade this region R.
(c) Use your graph to find
(i) The maximum number of vans used if 5 lorries are used,
(ii) The minimum cost of transportation.
Answer:
(a)

(b) Refer to graph.


(c) (i)

(ii)

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