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Tutorial 1 (Solidification IMSE) Questions

This document contains 10 questions about solidification processes involving materials like nickel, iron, silver and copper. It asks the reader to calculate values like critical nucleus radius and number of atoms in nuclei during homogeneous nucleation, fraction of solidification occurring dendritically under different undercooling conditions, solidification times for different shapes and sizes of castings, dimensions of risers needed to prevent shrinkage, and comparing shrinkage cavity sizes between copper and iron castings.

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Nor Marzida
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237 views1 page

Tutorial 1 (Solidification IMSE) Questions

This document contains 10 questions about solidification processes involving materials like nickel, iron, silver and copper. It asks the reader to calculate values like critical nucleus radius and number of atoms in nuclei during homogeneous nucleation, fraction of solidification occurring dendritically under different undercooling conditions, solidification times for different shapes and sizes of castings, dimensions of risers needed to prevent shrinkage, and comparing shrinkage cavity sizes between copper and iron castings.

Uploaded by

Nor Marzida
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TUTORIAL

Topic: Solidification

Introduction to Materials Science & Engineering (CDB1042)

Q1. Suppose that liquid nickel is undercooled until homogeneous nucleation occurs. Calculate?
(a) the critical radius of the nucleus required and
(b) the number of nickel atoms in the nucleus.
Assume that the lattice parameter of the solid FCC nickel is 0.356 nm.

Q2. Suppose that liquid iron is undercooled until homogeneous nucleation occurs. Calculate?
(a) the critical radius of the nucleus required and
(b) the number of iron atoms in the nucleus.
Assume that the lattice parameter of the solid BCC iron is 2.92 Å.

Q3. Suppose that solid nickel was able to nucleate homogeneously with an undercooling of only 22oC. How many
atoms would have to group together spontaneously for this to occur? Assume that the lattice parameter of the solid
FCC nickel is 0.356 nm.

Q4. Calculate the fraction of solidification that occurs dendritically when silver nucleates?
(a) at 10oC undercooling;
(b) at 100oC undercooling; and
(c) homogeneously.
The specific heat of silver is 3.25 J/cm3. ᴼC

Q5. Analysis of a nickel casting suggests that 28% of the solidification process occurred in a dendritic manner.
Calculate the temperature at which nucleation occurred. The specific heat of nickel is 4.1 J/cm3.ᴼC

Q6. A 5 cm cube solidifies in 4.6 min. Calculate?


(a) the mold constant in Chvorinov’s rule
(b) the solidification time for a 2 cm. × 2 cm × 6 cm bar cast under the same conditions.
Assume that n = 2.

Q7. A 5-cm diameter sphere solidifies in 1050 s. Calculate the solidification time for a
0.3 cm × 10 cm × 20 cm plate cast under the same conditions. Assume that n = 2.

Q8. Calculate the volume, diameter, and height of the cylindrical riser required to prevent
shrinkage in a 1 in. × 6 in. × 6 in. casting if the H/D of the riser is 1.0.

Q9. Figure shows below of a cylindrical riser attached to a casting. Compare the solidification
times for each casting section and the riser and determine whether the riser will be effective.

Q10. A 4-in.-diameter sphere of liquid copper is allowed to solidify, producing a spherical shrinkage cavity in the
center of the casting. Compare the volume and diameter of the shrinkage cavity in the copper casting to that
obtained when a 4-in. sphere of liquid iron is allowed to solidify.

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