‘eHoughon Min Harcourt Publishing Company Nari see eases Chap Sees Date 10.2 Slope and Perpendicular Lines Essential Question: How can you use slope to solve problems involving perpendicular lines? Proving the Slope Criteria for Perpendicular Lines ‘The following theorem states an important connection between slope and perpendicular lines. Re kee eae “Two nonvertica Lines are perpendicular ifand only ifthe product ofthe slopes is —1 Follow these steps to prove the slope criteria for perpendicular lines. @ Fir prove that if two tins ore perpendicular, then the product of hele pes is — Suppose lines m and n are perpendicular lines that intersect at point P, and that neither line is vertical. Assume the slope of line m is positive. {You can write a similar proof ifthe slope of line mis negative.) Copy the figure on a separate piece of paper. Mark your figure to show the perpendicular lines, Let Q be a point on line m, and draw a right triangle, APQR, as shown, Which line is this a “slope triangle” for? Line_m i) the Sipe ‘Mark the figure to show the perpendicular segments. © Assume that a and b are both positive, The slope of line m is = ® Rotate POR 90? around point P. The image is APOR 2s shown Which line is APQR’a slope triangle for? Line n is fhe Slope- Let the coordinates of P be (x, y:) and let the coordinates of Q' be (xs 2). [o yn ‘Then the slope of line is 7, © Now find the product of the slopes. (slope of line m) + (slope of line n) = Module 10 509 Lesson 2© Now prove that if the product of the slopes of two lines is —1, then the lines are perpendicular Let the slope of line m be #, where a and are both positive. Let line » have slope z Itis given that 2+ al =. Solving for z gives the slope of line ». © Assume the lines intersect at P. Since the slope of m is positive and the slope of mis negative, you can setup slope tangles PR $R_ vecause all sight angles are congruent Based on the figure, ST~ QR and PT Also, 21° sere, A STP ARP yy tne 545 Tangle Congroence Theorem. @ worcra as 23. Since TPis vertical and PRs horizontal, 2TPR isa cght angle $0 Zand 4 3 are complementary angles. You can conclude by substitution that 22and_* | age complementary angles. By the Angle Addition Postolate, m1 + mZ2 = mZSPQ, so ZSPQ must measure)? __, and therefore line is perpendicular to line m, 1. Ip Step D, when you cleat the on offline n, why is x5 — x, ari Thi + 4x and X7x40 2. The second half of the proof begins in Step F by assuming that line m has a positive slope Ifthe product ofthe slopes of two lines is ~1, how do you know | that one of the lines must have @ positive ey LE both Slopes Were Loa: Bie , the prodect Of the Hv, 80 one th the Chapes Mb be Yate. Daher peg i i si No ; WS Case » the Other a Es see trot Apply, awd uysyangzineney ung vodooH 9 Module 10 510 Tesson 2Houghton Min Harcourt Publishing Company T(-3,3) Using Slopes to Classify Figures by Right Angles You can use the slope criteria for perpendicular lines to analyze figures in the coordinate plane Example Show that each figure is the given type of quadrilateral. @® Show that ABCD is a rectangle. ‘Step 1 Find the coordinates of the vertices of quadrilateral ABCD. A(—3, 1), BG, 2), C(4, 0), D{—2, ~3) Step 2. Use the slope formula to find the slope of each side. Step 3 Compare the slopes. {slope of AB) - (slope of BC) = + (slope of BC) - (slope of CD} = (slope of ZB) - (slope of a} = (sope of 5) slope of XB) = Consecutive sides are perpendicular ince the produc of the dopes = Quadtilateral ABCD is a rectangle because it is a quedrilateral with four right angles. Show tat KLM trapezoid with two sight angles Step 1 Find the coordinates of the vertices of ae IKLM. K-33, KG, D, 2 2 fad (-t |} Step 2 Use the slope formula to find the . of each side. Ka) L(2,2) L(2,-2) M(-i-!) | HEED M(-1-1) x. “2 KL L LM ‘Modile 10 su Lesson 2 ws oO FRI one pair op sidesStep 3 Compare the slopes. Since the slope of JK is the same as the slope of Since the (slope of JR) « (slope of KE) = —4 (spot Fd =[3} AEH i and KEL ee oppaiie Sides are parallel and two UR Std are perpendicular ya % Coane etlact “Au of apposiie 4 Daan bane Ol ale A ie A Me at HW) patallel Sides. ia posite. Stdes Hat Gre parallel, Show that each figure is the given type of quadrilateral. ‘S| lope Rae ts 2m Xa-X 5. Show that DERG is éctangle, 3 D(-2,3) Slope DE = Gz } ee 5 -1) Slope BE > b= | TG Slpe FG= Sih 7 O-3 Slope 60° “Fy * ‘and GunprRERmenty MAM YOUBNOHS Module 10 . 52 Lesson 2Using Slopes and Systems of Equations to Classify Figures ‘You can use slope to help you analyze a system of equations, | exumple2 A city block is a quadrilateral bounded by four streets shown in the table. Classify the quadrilateral bounded by the streets. ® Caw = fimRoad pc oe Chestmursteet yz tp CedarRoed ype Ht Step 1 Write each equation in slope-intercept form, y = mx + b. Pine Street equation: y Elm Road equation: y ‘Chestnut Street equation: y= 1x — 3 Cedar Road equation: y = —2x — 8 Step 2 Use the equations to determine the slope of each street Dine Set y= 4-250 the slope} Elm Road: 2x +7, 80 the slope is —2. . i 1 Chestaut Street: y= 4 — 3, so the slope is 4. Cedar Road: y = —2x — 8, s0 the slope is —2. Step 3 Determine the type of quadrilateral bounded by the streets. ‘The product ofthe slopes of consecutive sides is —1 So, the quadrilateral is @ rectangle since it has four right angles Step 4 Check by graphing the equations ‘Modle 10 513 Lesson 2: : aby e8 Clay Avenue 3y-9=x : Fresno Road mw+y=3 eet 23 Ward Street wax—5 Ys ‘Bx “S% Oakland Lane ybaa de 5 -2X-4 Step I Write each equation in slope-intercept form, y = mx + b. it Clay Avenue equation: y == Fresno Road equation: y = a [3] & | Oakland Lane equation: y= 7 2K —€ Step 2 Use the equations to determine the slope of eich treet l 4 Clay Avenue: Negxt3, 0 the slope ie Fresno Road Ne MK 43 so the slopeis a4 y-% 4 Wardstee YE IKAT te sopes 7B Oakland Lane: Y= ~ZK 40 the slope is _— 2, Step 3 Determine the type of quadrilateral bounded by the strets, The slopes of opposite sides of the quadrilateral are _C-Gtea So, the quadrilateral is ‘Ward Street equation: y = Step 4 Check by graphing the equations. Reflect 6. Discussion Is it possible for four streets to form a rectitgle if each of Up four streets has a postive slope? Explain. Me, jit ct of the slopes tft eonsecctite noise Mf OPPO ie Sres must pesjfive ee 4 her Pair must have.ae 7. A farmers market is set up as a quadrilateral bounded by four streets shown in the table. Classify the quadrilateral bounded by aa Taft Road 2+ 3y=13 Harding Lane Wilson Avenue By= 2x42 Hoover Street Bet y=—14 am 8. Suppose line £ has slope F where a # 0 and 6 0, and suppose lines m and n are both perpendicular to line &. Explain how you can use the slope criteria to show that line m must be parallel to line 7. Since ling _m 13 perpenclitalar to line L phe Product at Phe Slopes ofthese Lives ts -!, 60-Cfetioes 9. Essential Question Check-In What steps can you use to determine whether two given lines on a coordinate plane are perpendicular? © In the Explore, you proved {hat if two lines are perpendicular, then the mesure product oftheir slopes is ~1. You assumed that the slope of line m was ‘ins and Help positive. Follow these steps to complete the proof assuming that the slope + Extre Practice of line mr is negative, 6 bop ‘& Suppose lines m and 1 are nonvertical perpendicular lines that intersect at point P. Let Q be # point on line m and draw a slope triangle, APQR, as shown, Write the slope of line mz in terms of a and b, where a and b are both positive ‘2 Haughton Min Harcourt ubshing Company b, Rotate APQR 90” around point P, The image is APQ'R’, as shown in the figure. Using APQ'R,, write the slope of line min terms of a and b. Explain how to complete the proof, Dia ee Module 10 35, Lesson 2Show that each figure is the given type of quadrilateral. 2 Show tat QRST isa stage 6 Show that KLMN is a trapezoid with two right angles, ‘The boundary of a farm consists of four straight roads, Classify the quadrilateral bounded by the roads in each table, Johnson Road Chavez Road Brannon Road 0 — Larson Road ytla Cortez Road Bety=3 Madison Road De=yt5 Jackson Road 2 xtyS—5 Module 10, 516 Lesson 2 E = 3‘© houghtan Min Harcourt Publehing Company Multi-Step Determine whether the quadrilateral with the given vertices is a parallelogram. If so, determine whether it is a rhombus, a rectangle, or neither. Justify your conclusions. (Hint: Recall that a parallelogram with perpendicular diagonals is a chombus.) (Semis ABCD with A(—3, 0), B(L, 2), C(2, 0), and D(—2, -2) & Quadrilateral KLMN with K(—4, 2), L(—1, 4), M(3, 3), and N(—3, ~1) Quadrilateral FGHY with F(—2,3), G(1, 2), 2, —1), and J(—1, 0) Module 10 37 Lesson 2Determine whether each statement is always, sometimes, or never true. Explain, If quadrilateral ABCD is a rectangle and the slope of AB is positive, then the slope of BC is negative. & IFline m is perpendicular to kine n, then the slope of line 1 is 0. 11, If quadrilateral KLM isa shombus and one diagonal has a slope of 3, then the other diagonal has a slope of 5. atk 12. If kisa real number, then the line y = x + kis perpendicular to the line 13, The slopes of two consecutive sides of a rectangle are 2 and 3. Algebra The perimeter of oPQRS is 84. Find the length of each ide of OPQRS under the given conditions. (Seve oo = 3(RS) (Jee 7. sp= RS Module 10 518 Lesson 2 ‘fae Bas} 9RSUMONEH MBA VOB‘© Maghton Min Harcourt Publishing Company Image Cred ehicstand/ ‘Stociote com | /Multiple Representations Line m has the equation 2x + 3y = 6, line 1 passes through the points inthe table, and line p has the graph shown in the figure, Which of these lines, if any, are perpendicular? Explain. "The equation for each subway line is given. City planners ‘want to add a fourth subway line and want the tracks for the four lines to form a rectangle. What is a possible equation for the fourth subway line? Justify Jour answer Subway Equation | 3 Dety=4 N $ 20. Quadrilateral JKLM is ¢ rectangle. One side of the rectangle is shown. in the figure. Which of the following are possible coordinates for vertices 1. and M? Select all that apply. A. L(4, 1) and M(—2, —1) B. 1(5,—2) and M(—1, -3) G. L(4,7) and M(—2, 5) D. (5, -2) and M(—1, ~4) E. 1(3, 0) and M(—3, 0) Module 10 a0 Lesson 2Eerie ann) 21. Analyze Relationships Quadrilateral ABCD is a rectangle. The coordinates of vertices A and B are A(—2, 2) and B(2, 0). Vertex C lies on the y-axis. What are the coordinates of vertices C and D? Explain. 22. Counterexamples A student said thet any three noncollinear points can be three of the vertices of a rectangle because iti always possible to choose a fourth vertex that completes the rectangle. Give a counterexemple to show that the student’ statement is false and explain the counterexample. Lesson Performance Task Each unit on the grid represents 1 mile. A ship is in distress at the point shown. ‘The navigator knows that the shortest distance from a point to a line is on a perpendicular to the line. So, the navigator directs the captain to bead the ship “on a perpendicular course toward the shoreline Ifthe ship succeeds in staying on course, where will thit land? Explain your method. F g 2 F i amt Module 10 520 Lesson 2