Channel Sales Pipeline Management
Channel Sales Pipeline Management
A CVC Guide
Channel Sales
Pipeline Management
Measuring and Managing Sales Cycles
to Sustain Cash Flow and Profitability
in Technology Products and Services
July 2010
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CVC Guide: Channel Sales Pipeline Management 2
CONTENTS
Overview ............................................................................................... 3
Pipeline Perspectives ............................................................................ 4
Building Pipelines .................................................................................. 5
5 Stages of the Pipeline ......................................................................... 6
Stage 1: Prospects to Qualification ................................................. 6
Stage 2: Technical Win .................................................................... 7
Stage 3: Proposal ............................................................................ 8
Stage 4: Business Win ..................................................................... 9
Stage 5: Closing ............................................................................... 9
Pipeline Management in Practice ....................................................... 10
About the Channel Vanguard Council ................................................. 11
Supporters ........................................................................................... 12
Copyright © 2010 Channel Vanguard Council — All Rights Reserved. No part of this document
may be copied or republished without prior written consent of the Channel Vanguard Council.
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CVC Guide: Channel Sales Pipeline Management 3
I
f cash is the lifeblood of every business, sales is the heart that keeps cash
flowing through the system. Sales is more than whatever definition is
applied to “salesmanship.” It’s more than finesse, more than slick
presentations and more than marketing collateral. Sales is the combination
of selling skills, product, marketing materials and messaging, customer
relationships and — ultimately — value that is bound by a process that ensure
a business is maintaining an adequate sales volume for sustenance revenue,
profitability and reinvestment capital.
The IT reseller channel has
a mixed performance
record on pipeline and
sales management.
Depending on the size of
an organization, structure
and management maturity,
sales management could
produce accurate
projections of a reseller’s
business performance or
could lead a solution pro‐
vider to a false sense of
security in revenue and
profitability planning.
Understanding the essential elements of sales lifecycle management is crucial
for not just knowing the health of a business at any given moment, but the abil‐
ity to measure performance over time and know an organization’s ability to
withstand cash‐flow disruptions and plan for future growth and investment.
The Channel Vanguard Council devised this set of definitions and best practices
for sales management. Through this extensible framework, IT resellers, solution
providers and technology services companies can gain a better sense of their
financial health as it relates to sales and how to truly project cash flow and
progress toward financial goals.
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CVC Guide: Channel Sales Pipeline Management 4
PIPELINE PERSPECTIVES
Sales pipeline metrics are a key performance indicator in the health and
viability of any sales organization and, ultimately, a business. What makes sales
pipeline management in the channel challenging is that the health of each
organization’s pipeline is a reflection of their company’s fiscal health, as well as
the fiscal health of every partner in their value chain.
In this section, we’ll review the criticality of sales pipeline management from
the different segments of the IT channel.
Solution Providers: As the end point in the channel value chain, solution
providers hold and maintain a direct relationship with their customers
and prospects in the field. The solution provider’s sales pipeline is the
lifeblood of its organization’s financial performance, providing
intelligence on the effectiveness of its sales campaigns, field
engagements efforts, lead generation programs and other marketing
activities. The sales pipeline performance is a leading indicator for cash
flow and fiscal health.
Distributors: Beyond their own fiscal health, distributors use pipeline
management and intelligence as a leading indicator of the economic
health of their marketplace. This intelligence is critical in managing
supply chains, logistics and inventory. A distributor’s pipeline, in some
regards, is an aggregation of the sales pipelines of all the resellers and
integrators in their network. Transparency of sales pipeline activity
provides distributors with the information they need to order parts and
products, stock warehouses and perform balanced logistics
management. Pipeline intelligence gives distributors a tool for
demonstrating their value and strength to the original equipment
manufacturers (OEMs) and software publishers in delivering sales
through the channel.
IT Vendors/Suppliers: One of the greatest channel management
problems vendors face is gaining true insights into their partners’
pipeline. Some will argue that a solution provider’s sales pipeline is
proprietary. Perhaps, but vendors need partner pipeline intelligence for
gauging field activity for market sales and support coverage, product
launch planning and their own sales forecasting. Vendors often allocate
incentives and preference benefits to partners that have consistency in
sales performance. However, many are willing to assign extra resources
to partners who build strong pipelines and need help converting a
business win to a sales win. Vendors also spend billions of dollars
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CVC Guide: Channel Sales Pipeline Management 5
annually generating sales leads that are passed on to channel partners.
Through pipeline intelligence vendors measure the effectiveness of
partners to act on leads and gauge the success of their own marketing
efforts. Ultimately, the strength of the solution provider’s pipeline is
a reflection of the vendor’s health and one of the leading economic
indicators used by investors.
BUILDING PIPELINES
Management guru Peter Drucker once said, “The purpose of business is to
create and keep a customer.” The meaning of this quote is often interpreted
as a customer is created by a business making a product that he wants to buy.
Making money is a derivative of the process of making great products. But
making good products doesn’t mean that a company will be successful. The
euphemism “build it and they will come” rarely works in the business world.
Building a business requires sales and marketing, and the result of those
activities is the sales pipeline – or the cumulative report of sales prospects and
customer relationships.
The process of building a sales pipeline is often referred to as “lead genera‐
tion.” Leads are the product of marketing efforts that are designed to identify
and capture the interest of “qualified” sales prospects. Qualified is an important
notion since marketing efforts will often generate tremendous interest ranging
from people with a true need and ability to buy a product to enthusiasts who
are generally interested in technologies but have no intent or ability to buy.
Marketers craft programs that are geared toward specific customer segments
for which a product or service is designed. As noted above, IT vendors spend
billions of dollars annually on lead generation programs and pass long many of
those leads to solution provider partners. However, lead generation is a
responsibility of every organization in the channel.
Regardless of if you’re a vendor or a solution provider, creating a qualified sales
lead is no trivial matter. Lead generation is expensive – it takes time, money
and effort, and no one activity will generate a qualified lead. In fact, it takes a
consistent, recurring process to produce leads at varying levels of qualification.
The Channel Vanguard Council has determined that building a sales pipeline
with qualified leads follows this general rule: 10X‐10X‐3X.
• 10 cold calls are required to produce a soft lead
• 10 soft leads are required to produce a prospect
• 3 “touches” – or sales engagements – are required
to turn a prospect into a business win
• 3 business wins are required to convert to one sales win
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CVC Guide: Channel Sales Pipeline Management 6
As you can see, this means an organization’s sales and marketing team must
reach out to hundreds of potential customers to achieve a handful of sales.
Naturally, the actual scale of prospecting and lead generation activity will vary
on the size of an organization, geographic sales and service area, and the
density of the market opportunity. Smaller organizations – particularly smaller
solution providers – won’t necessarily have to undertake a massive lead
generation program to achieve sales success. However, the ratios are relatively
consistent across the entire channel community.
Pipeline building is often thought of as a “hunter” sales activity, or the exercise
of finding new customers. However, this same process is applicable to the side
of sales known as “farmer” – the art of expanding the relationship with existing
customers by introducing new products and services to the account or estab‐
lishing relationship with different divisions or teams within an existing account.
5 STAGES OF THE PIPELINE
If a sales pipeline is a business’s main artery, cash and credit generated by sales
is its lifeblood. The ABC’s of sales – Always Be Closing – is a nice adage, but the
reality is that vendors and solution providers need a steady flow of sales activity
and “wins” along multiple points of the sales pipeline. Otherwise, there might
not be another opportunity to work on when the last deal closes as a sale.
The Channel Vanguard Council has identified five critical stages of how sales
flow through a pipeline. They are:
Stage 1: Prospect to Qualification
Stage 2: Technical Win and Agreement
Stage 3: Proposal
Stage 4: Business Win
Stage 5: Closing
Understanding how sales flow through each of these stages and how to
measure progression of prospects to closures is critical in proper pipeline
management and ensuring a solution provider or vendor is processing enough
sales activity to meet expenditure obligations and profitability expectations.
Stage 1: Prospect to Qualification
As the name of this stage implies, Prospect to Qualification is the act of
identifying “potential” customers and qualifying them on their need for a
product or service, their ability to acquire, the propensity of their acquisition,
and likelihood of their eventually buying and at what level (sale value).
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In the $1.7 billion business‐to‐business technology marketplace, nearly every
business from a Fortune 500 enterprise to a sole‐proprietor Main Street shop is
a prospective customer for some type of technology product or service.
However, their need, ability, willingness and likelihood to engage with a vendor
or solution provider is what qualifies them as a qualified sales prospect.
Some people may argue that qualification is a function of marketing as much as
sales. Perhaps they are correct since lead generation campaigns are often
multi‐touch efforts designed to not just find prospects but engage with
prospects on several levels to uncover their level of qualification. Sales manage‐
ment, however, must engage in customer qualification on an ongoing basis –
especially with existing customers. Salespeople play a critical role in uncovering
net‐new opportunities or expansion of relationships with existing customers
through a qualification process. For salespeople, the prospect‐to‐qualification
process is how they determine which prospects and accounts are worth ex‐
pending time and effort on cultivating, and those which should be reprioritized
to avoid wasting precious resources.
Metrics for this stage include:
• Number of new prospects entering the qualification process
• Lead generation
• Referrals
• Account expansion
• Number of prospects evaluated
• Number of qualified prospects passed to the next stage
Stage 2: Technical Win
A qualified prospect does not a sale make. Customers rarely will sign a purchase
order without first going through a certain amount of due diligence – their
process for assessing their needs and how the proposed products and/or
services will resolve those needs. In the Technical Win stage, the vendor or
solution provider’s job is to convince the qualified prospect that their proposal
is the best solution for their particular needs.
For vendors and solution providers, attaining a Technical Win is no trivial task,
especially when dealing with more sophisticated businesses and organizations.
Many larger organizations will have steep technical, operational and perform‐
ance requirements for any product or service they consider. Technical Wins
may require efforts ranging from demonstrations and trial use periods to
competitive testing. Some businesses – especially large enterprises – may
contract third‐party experts to review technical proposals and consult on
system designs.
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CVC Guide: Channel Sales Pipeline Management 8
It’s best to think of this stage as a discovery period between the seller and
buyer. The Technical Win comes when the vendor and/or solution provider
reach agreement with the qualified prospect as to the scope of the solution
sale on a technical level. Once this agreement in principle is made, sales can
advance the process to the next phase: Proposal.
Metrics for this stage include:
• Number of assessments conducted
• Number of request for proposals
Stage 3: Proposal
The proposal is the most critical stage in the sales pipeline since it’s the point
where all of the sales conversations are translated into a plan that includes pric‐
ing, terms and conditions, performance expectations and return on investment
projections. Essentially, a proposal pulls together all of the information required
for a purchasing decision; and it’s the point where the customer has the most
opportunity to either engage, defer or cancel the sales conversation.
Based on the customer agreeing in principle to the technical scope of work, a
proposal must be crafted that accurately reflects the ideas asserted in the ear‐
lier sales conversations. The proposal should provide the customer with deep
insights into what they are entitled in the sales agreement. In some regards, the
proposal is a partnership document that sets forth the terms and conditions
that both parties will operate under during the course of the engagement.
Getting to the Proposal stage may seem like a solid win for a vendor and
solution provider, but it’s not cause for celebration. Buyers will often solicit
multiple proposals from competing providers. They will evaluate these
proposals not only for completeness and price, but value and ability of the
providers. They will take factors such as the providers’ technical capacity, ability
to deliver, financial viability, market reputation and existing relationship into
consideration. The Proposal stage is the most likely point for qualified prospects
to fall out of the pipeline. In fact, vendors and solution providers can expect as
many as 60 percent to 70 percent attrition .
Buyers will rarely accept a proposal without modification of the scope of work
and negotiations on price. Should the buyer accept a proposal, the process
advances to the Business Win stage, in which the pieces are put into place for
executing on the agreement.
Metrics for this stage include:
• Number of proposals submitted
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CVC Guide: Channel Sales Pipeline Management 9
Stage 4: Business Win
A Business Win is the penultimate stage when the buyer has agreed to
purchase goods and services, and has executed a contract. The deal is
essentially done at this stage, but there is still room for modifications. It’s
during this stage that vendors, solution providers and buyers align their
activities to ensure that the deal can proceed smoothly to closing.
Since Proposals rarely translate unchanged to a Business Win, the scope of
work and value of the engagements often change at this stage. It’s during the
Business Win stage that the monetary value – gross revenue, cost of goods
and services, net profit, business contribution – is determined.
Once a Business Win is in place, solution providers can order products from
distributors, marshal professional services resources for deployments,
calendar a timeline for execution, and begin coordination exercises with the
buyer to ensure the scope of work is executed effectively and efficiently.
Metrics for this stage include:
• Conversion rate of Proposal to Business Win
• Gross value of the Business Win
• Cost of goods and services associated with the Business Win
• Net profit of the Business Win
Stage 5: Closing
Closing is the stage where celebrations happen; when salespeople stand up
from their cubicles and proudly ring the sales bell. From a business perspective
of the vendor and solution provider, Closing is a stage for both recognition of
revenue and ensuring customer satisfaction with the goods and services
delivered.
Closing is an inaptly named stage since it’s really a new beginning for the sales
cycle. Once a project is either executed or completed, the vendor and solution
provider should immediately restart the qualification process of the customer
based on intelligence and observations made during the engagement.
At the same time, vendors and solution providers should measure their
customer’s satisfaction with the products and services delivered during the
engagement. Buyers have a tendency to continue purchasing from known
suppliers, especially when they’ve had a moderate to good experience.
Ensuring customer satisfaction is also a good way of keeping the sales pipeline
flush at a lower cost; the cost of new customer acquisition is often 10‐times the
cost of acquiring a net‐new customer.
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CVC Guide: Channel Sales Pipeline Management 10
Metrics for this stage include:
• Conversion rate of prospects to closure
• Conversion rate of technical wins to closure
• Conversion rate of proposals to closure
• Customer satisfaction with products and services
• Propensity of customers to continue to do business
PIPELINES IN PRACTICE
Sales pipeline management is an art as much as a science. A number of
additional variables must be taken into consideration when managing a sales
pipeline to ensure that it’s producing the revenue and margins required for
sustaining a business.
The intent of this report is to provide a framework for understanding the
fundamentals of pipeline management and how sales should progress
through the various stages. The revenue and profit generated through sales
is important, but equally important is the level of sales activity.
The Channel Vanguard Council recommends using the 5 Stages of Sales
Pipeline Management as a balanced scorecard in which each stage should have
near equal levels of activity. Granted, some variations are inevitable, but a
well‐performing sales program should generally keep an even number of deals
in each stage of the process.
Following that logic, it becomes relatively easy for vendors and solution
providers to eyeball irregularities in their sales activities and revenue flows,
and become early indicators of positive or negative trends. Should a solution
provider see a surge in business wins but ebb in prospects, they’ll know
intuitively that more prospecting is necessary for future revenue. Likewise, if
there’s a surge in business wins, they’ll have an early indication for increasing
service delivery capacity. In other words, activity in these pipeline stages gives
a vendor and solution provider the intelligence required for applying sales
pressure to ensure sales and revenue continuity for the business.
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CVC Guide: Channel Sales Pipeline Management 11
ABOUT THE CHANNEL VANGUARD COUNCIL
The Channel Vanguard Council, a neutral collaborative comprised of leaders from the technol‐
ogy reseller channel established in 2009, formalized its charter and resolved to fulfilling the
mission of creating standards that will result in the maturation of channel business practices
for vendors, distributors, solution providers, services organizations and value‐added resellers.
CVC serves as an advisory group to CompTIA, the leading association of IT professionals.
Lawrence M. Walsh Todd Thibodeaux
Executive Director, Channel Vanguard Council President and CEO
President and CEO, The 2112 Group CompTIA
CVC Members
Carolyn April Lester Pierre
Director, Industry Analysis Chief Executive Officer
CompTIA Wall Street Network
Peter Cannone Joe Qualgia
Chief Executive Officer Senior Vice President, U.S. Marketing
OnForce Tech Data
John J. Convery Fernando Quintero
Executive Vice President of Vendor Relations Vice President, Channel Sales, Americas
and Marketing McAfee
Denali Advanced Integration
Janet Schijns
Ron Culler, Jr. Senior Vice President,
CTO/Executive Vice President Training & Knowledge Management
Secure Designs Motorola Enterprise Mobility Systems
Greg Donovan Sam J. Ruggeri
Founder and CEO President and Founder
Alpheon Corporation Advanced Vision Technology Group
Spencer Ferguson Lane Smith
President CEO and President
Wasatch Software Do IT Smarter
Gary Fish
Ken Totura
Founder and CEO
Chief Channel Officer
FishNet Security
Awareness Technologies
Nancy Hedrick
Founder, President and CEO Manuel Villa
CSI Technology Outfitters President
Via Technologies
Jay Kirby
Executive Vice President, Sales and Marketing Tricia Wurts
Troubadour President
Wurts and Associates
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CVC Guide: Channel Sales Pipeline Management 12
SUPPORTERS
The Channel Vanguard Council is supported by the following organizations.
CompTIA (www.comptia.org) is the non‐profit trade association advancing the
global interests of information technology (IT) professionals and companies in‐
cluding manufacturers, distributors, resellers, and educational institutions.
The 2112 Group (www.the2112group.com) is an independent strategic advisory
service provider that specializes in community‐based market discovery and re‐
search for the development of technology product and marketing strategies.
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