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Unit 1: Computer Fundamentals

This document provides an overview of key computer fundamentals concepts including: 1. Classification of computers and their functional components. Types of software such as operating systems, utility software, and application software. 2. Details on common operating systems like Windows, Linux, and mobile OSs. The functions of operating systems including processor management, memory management, file management, and device management. 3. Other computer fundamentals covered include number systems, memory concepts, input/output ports, and microprocessor basics.

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Abhishek Dargan
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90 views

Unit 1: Computer Fundamentals

This document provides an overview of key computer fundamentals concepts including: 1. Classification of computers and their functional components. Types of software such as operating systems, utility software, and application software. 2. Details on common operating systems like Windows, Linux, and mobile OSs. The functions of operating systems including processor management, memory management, file management, and device management. 3. Other computer fundamentals covered include number systems, memory concepts, input/output ports, and microprocessor basics.

Uploaded by

Abhishek Dargan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 1: Computer Fundamentals

Classification of computers: basics of computer and its operation; functional


components and their interconnections, concept of booting.

Software concepts: Types of Software - system software, utility software and


application software

System Software: Operating system, complier, interpreter and assembler

Operating System: Need for operating system, functions of operating system


(processor management, memory management, file management and device
management), types of operating system-interactive (GUI based), time sharing, real
time and distributed, commonly used operating system: UNIX, LINUX, Windows,
Solaris, BOSS (Bharat Operating System Solutions); Mobile OS –Android, Symbian.

Utility Software: Anti Virus, File Management tools, Compression tools and Disk
Management tools (Disk Cleanup, Disk Defragmenter, Backup).

Open Source Concepts: Open source software, freeware, shareware, proprietary


software.

Application Software: Office tools - word processor, presentation tool, spreadsheet


package, database management system; domain specific tools - school management
system, inventory management system, payroll system, financial accounting, hotel
management, reservation system and weather forecasting system.

Number System: Binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal and conversion between two
different number systems.

Internal Storage encoding of Characters: ASCII, ISCII (Indian Scripts Standard


Code for Information Interchange), and UNICODE (for multilingual computing)

Microprocessor: Basic concepts, Clock speed (MHz, GHz), 16 bit, 32 bit, 64 bit, 128
bit processors; Types - CISC Processors (Complex Instruction Set Computing), RISC
Processors (Reduced Instruction Set Computing), and EPIC (Explicitly Parallel
Instruction Computing).

Memory Concepts: Units: Byte, Kilo Byte, Mega Byte, Giga Byte, Tera Byte, Peta
Byte, Exa Byte, Zetta Byte, Yotta Byte.

Primary Memory: Cache, RAM, ROM

Secondary Memory: Fixed and Removable storage - Hard Disk Drive, CD/DVD
Drive, Pen Drive, Blue Ray Disk.

Input Output Ports/ Connections: Serial, Parallel and Universal Serial Bus, PS-2
port, Infrared port, Bluetooth, Firewire.

Unit 2: Programming Methodology


General Concepts: Clarity and simplicity of expressions, Use of proper names for
identifiers, comments, indentation; documentation and program maintenance; running
and debugging programs, syntax errors, run-time errors, logical errors

Problem solving methodologies: Understanding of the problem, solution for the


problem, breaking down solution into simple steps (modular approach), identification
of arithmetic and logical operations required for solution; control structure- conditional
control and looping (finite and infinite).

Problem Solving: Introduction to algorithms/flowcharts.

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