Inductive Sensors For Analog Distance Measurement
Inductive Sensors For Analog Distance Measurement
Sensors
Inductive sensors for analog distance measurement
Balluff inductive distance sensors BAW provide an absolute voltage-
or current signal that changes proportionally to the distance of a
metallic target. Objects of varying shape and size made of ferrous
or non-ferrous materials damp the sensor to different degrees. This
provides a simple way of detecting positions, distances and material
differences.
Tubular-style housings
Ø 6.5 662
M8×1 662
M12×1 663
M18×1 667
M30×1.5 670
M12x1 high-pressure resistant 672
Block designs
10×30×6 mm (R03) 673
20x30x8 mm (R06) 674
14x38.5x17 (Z05) 675
80x80x40 mm 676
80x45x20 mm 677
Basic information
and definitions
can be found
on page 884.
■ www.balluff.com 659
Inductive Sensors for
Analog Distance Measurement
Features, output curve, evaluating programmed switching points
Features
■ Distance-proportional analog output signal
■ Contactless, absolute measuring principle
■ Wide variety of designs: cylindrical and cubical
■ Measuring ranges from 0.5...50 mm
■ High repeat accuracy
■ Optimal linearity
■ Low temperature drift
■ Measuring speed up to 40 m/s
■ LED for restricting the working range
■ Insensitive to contamination
Wear
Brake disk
Working-
range
Critical
area
AC/DC 2-wire
Distance changes in the sensor axis Eccentrics, cams or unbalanced Detecting longer distances by AC 2-wire
result in output signals proportional motion result in a periodic change in sensing an inclined plane.
to distance. the output signal. Special
properties
Analog
Sensing Distance measurements Detecting distance
measurement
various materials at high object travel speeds installed seal rings Cylinder
designs
Block designs
Accessories
When the distance is kept constant, Even at high traverse speeds dis- The seal ring effectively reduces
the output signal changes only when tances can be precisely measured. the distance between the nut/screw
the object material is different. and the sensor, thereby changing the
output signal.
Tie rod
In injection molding machines, the clamping force of the tool is built up through
a toggle joint and a hydraulic cylinder. The extension of the machine tie rods is
thereby directly proportional to the clamping force, and can be easily deter-
mined using an inductive distance sensor.
■ www.balluff.com 661
Inductive Sensors for
Analog Distance Measurement
Cylinder designs, Ø 6.5 mm, M8×1
Wiring diagrams
Connector, voltage output
Temperature output
Typical
M8 × 1 M8 × 1 M8 × 1 M8 × 1 M12×1 Inductive
Flush Flush Flush Not flush Flush sensors
Voltage, 0...10 V Voltage, 0...10 V Voltage, 0...10 V Voltage, 0...10 V Current, 4...20 mA
Global
0.5...1.5 mm 0.5...1.5 mm 0.5...1.5 mm 0.5...2.5 mm 0.5...2 mm DC 3-wire
BAW003R BAW000M BAW000T BAW000W BAW001F
BAW M08EH-UAD15B-S04G BAW M08EF-UAC15B-S49G BAW M08EI-UAD15B-BP03 BAW M08EI-UAD25F-BP03 BAW M12MG2-ICC20B-BP00,2-GS04 DC 3-/4-wire
15...30 V DC 15...30 V DC 15...30 V DC 15...30 V DC 10...30 V DC DC 2-wire
250 V AC 250 V AC (!) 250 V AC (!) 250 V AC (!) 250 V AC (!)
1 mm 1 mm 1 mm 1.5 mm 1.25 mm AC/DC 2-wire
2 kΩ 2 kΩ 2 kΩ 2 kΩ
AC 2-wire
500 Ω
Yes/Yes/Yes Yes/Yes/Yes Yes/Yes/Yes Yes/Yes/Yes Yes/Yes/Yes Special
No Yes No No Yes properties
–10...+70 °C –10...+70 °C –10...+70 °C –10...+60 °C* –10...+70 °C Analog
±40.0 µm ±40.0 µm ±8.0 µm ±10.0 µm ±5.0 µm distance
measurement
±30 µm ±30 µm ±30 µm ±60 µm ±45 µm
Cylinder
1 kHz 1 kHz 1 kHz 1 kHz 500 Hz designs
0.5 ms 0.5 ms 0.5 ms 1 ms 0.5 ms Block designs
0 µm/K 0 µm/K –1 µm/K –1.5 µm/K –0.5 µm/K
Accessories
IP 67 IP 67 IP 67 IP 67 IP 67
CE, cULus CE, cULus CE, cULus CE, cULus CE, cULus
Stainless steel Stainless steel Stainless steel Stainless steel Brass, coated
PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT
M12 connector, 3-pin M8 connector, 3-pin 3 m PUR cable, 3 m PUR cable, 0.2 m PUR cable
3×0.14 mm² 3×0.14 mm² with M12 connector,
3-pin
M8x1
43.5
13
58
M12x1
■ www.balluff.com 663
Inductive Sensors for
Analog Distance Measurement
Cylinder designs, M12×1
Wiring diagrams
Connector, voltage output
Temperature output
M12×1 M12×1 M12×1 M12×1 M12×1 Inductive
Flush Flush Flush Flush Quasi-flush sensors
Voltage, 0...10 V Voltage, 0...10 V Current, 0...20 mA Current, 0...20 mA Voltage, 0...10 V
Global
0.5...2 mm 0.5...2 mm 0.5...2 mm 0.5...2 mm 1...5 mm DC 3-wire
BAW0010 BAW001L BAW0019 BAW001C BAW0011
BAW M12ME-UAC20B-S04G BAW M12MG2-UAC20B-BP03 BAW M12MG2-IAC20B-BP00,2-GS04 BAW M12MG2-IAC20B-BP03 BAW M12ME-UAD50B-BP01 DC 3-/4-wire
15...30 V DC 15...30 V DC 10...30 V DC 10...30 V DC 15...30 V DC DC 2-wire
250 V AC (!) 250 V AC (!) 250 V AC (!) 250 V AC (!) 75 V DC
1.25 mm 1.25 mm 1.25 mm 1.25 mm 3 mm AC/DC 2-wire
2 kΩ 2 kΩ 2 kΩ
AC 2-wire
500 Ω 500 Ω
Yes/Yes/Yes Yes/Yes/Yes Yes/Yes/Yes Yes/Yes/Yes Yes/Yes/Yes Special
Yes Yes Yes Yes No properties
–10...+70 °C –10...+70 °C –10...+70 °C –10...+70 °C 0...+60 °C Analog
±20.0 µm ±8.0 µm ±5.0 µm ±5.0 µm ±10.0 µm distance
measurement
±45 µm ±45 µm ±45 µm ±45 µm ±160 µm
Cylinder
500 Hz 500 Hz 500 Hz 500 Hz 1 kHz designs
0.5 ms 0.5 ms 0.5 ms 0.5 ms 2 ms Block designs
0 µm/K –1 µm/K –1 µm/K –1 µm/K –1.5 µm/K
Accessories
IP 67 IP 67 IP 67 IP 67 IP 67
CE, cULus CE, cULus CE, cULus CE, cULus CE, cULus
Brass, coated Brass, coated Brass, coated Brass, coated Brass, coated
PBT PBT PBT PBT PA 12
M12 connector, 3-pin 3 m PUR cable, 0.2 m PUR cable 3 m PUR cable, 1 m PUR cable,
3×0.34 mm² with M12 connector, 3×0.34 mm² 4×0.25 mm²
3-pin
M12x1
26
17
30
Temperature output
Typical
■ www.balluff.com 665
Inductive Sensors for
Analog Distance Measurement
Cylinder designs, M12×1
Wiring diagrams
Connector, voltage output
Temperature output
M12×1 M18×1 M18×1 M18×1 M18×1 Inductive
Not flush Flush Flush Flush Flush sensors
Current, 4...20 mA Voltage, 0...10 V Voltage, 0...10 V Voltage, 0...10 V Voltage, 0...10 V
Global
1...4 mm 1...5 mm 1...5 mm 1...5 mm 1...5 mm DC 3-wire
BAW003N BAW001Z BAW002K BAW0026 BAW0025
BAW M12MH1-ICC40F-S04G BAW M18ME-UAC50B-BP00,2-GS04 BAW M18MI-UAC50B-S04G BAW M18ME-UAE50B-S04G-K BAW M18ME-UAC50B-S04G DC 3-/4-wire
10...30 V DC 15...30 V DC 15...30 V DC 21.6...26.4 V DC 15...30 V DC DC 2-wire
250 V AC (!) 75 V DC 250 V AC (!) 75 V DC 75 V DC
2.5 mm 3 mm 3 mm 3 mm AC/DC 2-wire
2 kΩ 2 kΩ 2 kΩ 2 kΩ
AC 2-wire
500 ohms
Yes/Yes/Yes Yes/Yes/Yes Yes/Yes/Yes Yes/Yes/Yes Yes/Yes/Yes Special
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes properties
–10...+70 °C –10...+70 °C –10...+70 °C –10...+70 °C –10...+70 °C Analog
±8.0 µm ±8.0 µm ±8.0 µm ±8.0 µm distance
measurement
±120 µm ±120 µm ±120 µm ±120 µm ±120 µm
Cylinder
500 Hz 500 Hz 500 Hz 500 Hz 500 Hz designs
0.5 ms 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms Block designs
–1 µm/K –2 µm/K –1 µm/K –2 µm/K
Accessories
IP 67 IP 67 IP 67 IP 67 IP 67
CE, cULus CE, cULus CE, cULus CE, cULus CE, cULus
Brass, coated Brass, coated Brass, coated Brass, coated Brass, coated
PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT
M12 connector, 3-pin 0.2 m PUR cable M12 connector, 3-pin M12 connector, 4-pin M12 connector, 3-pin
with M12 connector,
3-pin
M12x1 M18x1
5
30
36
24
49.5
17
65
LED
LED
41.5
24
Temperature output
M12x1 Typical
Ø14.5
■ www.balluff.com 667
Inductive Sensors for
Analog Distance Measurement
Cylinder designs, M18×1
Wiring diagrams
Connector, voltage output
AC 2-wire
500 Ω 500 Ω 500 Ω 500 Ω
Yes/Yes/Yes Yes/Yes/Yes Yes/Yes/Yes Yes/Yes/Yes Yes/Yes/Yes Special
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes properties
–10...+70 °C –10...+70 °C –10...+70 °C –10...+70 °C –10...+70 °C Analog
±10.0 µm ±8.0 µm ±8.0 µm ±8.0 µm ±8.0 µm distance
measurement
±120 µm ±120 µm ±120 µm ±120 µm ±120 µm
Cylinder
500 Hz 500 Hz 500 Hz 500 Hz 500 Hz designs
2 ms 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms Block designs
–2 µm/K –1 µm/K -5 µm/K –3 µm/K –3 µm/K
Accessories
IP 67 IP 67 IP 67 IP 67 IP 67
CE, cULus CE, cULus CE, cULus CE, cULus CE, cULus
Brass, coated Brass, coated Brass, coated Brass, coated Brass, coated
PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT
M12 connector, 3-pin M12 connector, 3-pin M12 connector, 3-pin M12 connector, 3-pin 3 m PVC cable,
3×0.34 mm²
■ www.balluff.com 669
Inductive Sensors for
Analog Distance Measurement
Cylinder designs, M18×1, M30×1.5
36
Wiring diagram 30
44.5
Connector, voltage output
LED
M12x1
Temperature output
Typical
M30×1.5 PG36
Inductive
Not flush Flush sensors
Voltage, 0...10 V Voltage, 0...10 V
Global
3...15 mm 0...20 mm DC 3-wire
BAW002Y BAW003M
BAW M30ME-UAC15F-S04G BAW MKZ-471.19-S4 DC 3-/4-wire
15...30 V DC 20...30 V DC
DC 2-wire
250 V AC (!) 75 V DC
9 mm 10 mm AC/DC 2-wire
2 kΩ 10 kΩ
AC 2-wire
Yes/Yes/Yes Yes/Yes/Yes
Yes Yes Special
–10...+70 °C –10...+70 °C properties
±12.0 µm ±5.0 µm Analog
±360 µm ±600 µm distance
measurement
350 Hz 20 Hz
Cylinder
3 ms designs
1.5 µm/K –1 µm/K Block designs
IP 67 IP 67
Accessories
CE, cULus CE
Brass, coated Brass, coated
PBT PBT
M12 connector, 3-pin M12 connector, 3-pin
M12x1
■ www.balluff.com 671
Inductive Sensors for
Analog Distance Measurement
Cylinder design, high-pressure resistant M12×1
-
Wiring diagram
Connector, voltage output
500 bar
Wiring diagram
Connector, voltage output
■ www.balluff.com 673
Inductive Sensors for
Analog Distance Measurement
Block designs, 10×30×6 mm, 20×30×8 mm
Wiring diagrams
Connector, voltage output
45677_00
14 14 14
13
13
13
38.5
38.5
38.5
30.5
30.5
30.5
18.5
18.5
4
4
4 4
1.5
1.5
4
30 30 30
22 22 22
4.8 4.8 4.8
20°
20°
2
2
13.5
13.5
17
17
8.5
8.5
r
Typical Typical
49
M12x1
The temperature output (not short- The temperature output (not short-
circuit protected) provides a signal circuit protected) provides a signal
representing a precisely measured representing a precisely measured
temperature change. temperature change.
■ www.balluff.com 675
Inductive Sensors for
Analog Distance Measurement
Block designs, 80×80×40 mm
Wiring diagram
Connector, voltage output
Wiring diagram
Connector, voltage output
Compact analog- ring sensor with 20 mm opening. Various metallic Testing cone for determining insertion depth
objects or insertion depths result in measured value changes. (measuring range and linearization)
Applications include thickness measurement of various screws, rods
Ø4
Installation conditions
Hole
> Ø 35 mm
Minimum separation 50 mm
No mutual interference for No mutual interference for parallel When stacking multiple sensors, the The opening should be at least
front-mounting of two sensors. mounting of two sensors. separation must be at least 50 mm. Ø 35 mm for flat installation on metal
surfaces.
■ www.balluff.com 677
Basic
Information
and
Definitions
■ www.balluff.com 885
Basic Information and Definitions
Electric properties
Cable properties
Special cable The SP- cable is a irradiated cross-linked PUR- cable that has good
resistance to weld splatter. A special connection cable is used for
sensors that need to be used at higher ambient temperatures.
Tightening torques The permitted tightening torque is indicated in the data sheets or on
the sensor packaging.
Testing laboratory The Balluff testing laboratory operates in accordance with ISO/
IEC 17025 and is accredited by DAkks for testing electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC).
General basic
information
Balluff products comply with Products that require labeling are subject to a conformity evaluation
Electrical
EU directives process according to the EU directive and the product is labeled Mechanical
with the CE marking. Quality
Balluff products fall under the following EU directive:
Specific basic
2004/108/EC EMC directive information
2006/95/EC Low Voltage Directive valid for
products with supply voltage
≥ 75 V DC/≥ 50 V AC
94/9/EC ATEX-directive valid for products
with Ex-label
Product approvals Product approvals are awarded by domestic and international institu-
tions. Their symbols affirm that our products meet the specifications
of these institutions.
■ www.balluff.com 887
Basic Information and Definitions
Electric properties
Standards
Environmental simulation
Vibration, sinusoidal EN 60068-2-6/IEC 60068-2-6
Shock EN 60068-2-27/IEC 60068-2-27
Continuous shock EN 60068-2-29/IEC 60068-2-29
Mounting torques The following torques are to be followed so that the sensors are
not mechanically destroyed during installation, as long as no other
information is indicated on the data sheet or the sensor packaging.
Degree of protection The degrees of protection are First digit: Second digit:
given according to IEC 60529. 2 Protection against penetration 0 No special protection
Code letters IP (International Pro- of solid bodies larger than 4 Protection against water,
tection) designate protection for 12 mm, shielding from fingers which is sprayed
electrical equipment and objects from all directions against
against shock hazard, ingress of 4 Protection against penetration the equipment
solid foreign bodies and water. of solid bodies larger than 5 Protection against a stream of
1 mm, shielding from tools water from a nozzle which
IP 69K and wires hits the equipment from all
Protection against ingress of 5 Protection against damaging directions
water at high pressure and dust deposits, complete 7 Protection against water, if
steam cleaning per DIN 40050 contact protection the equipment (housing)
Part 9. 6 Protection against penetration is temporarily submerged General basic
information
of dust, complete contact 8 Protection against water when
Electrical
protection submerged for some time Mechanical
Quality
Specific basic
information
■ www.balluff.com 889
Basic Information and Definitions
Mechanical properties
Materials
AES/CP Acrylonitrile-Ethylene-Propylene- Impact-resistant, stiff, limited chemical resistance. Used for housings.
Styrene
EP Epoxy resin Duromer, molded plastic material, highest mechanical strength and temperature resistance.
Very good dimensional stability. Cannot be melted.
Epoxy resin - hollow glass spheres Hollow glass spheres can be treated with epoxy resins. They are used for manufacturing
converters with low thickness and high pressure rating.
Tetrafluorethylene-perfluorpropylene High temperature resistance up to 180 °C, insulation material for cable.
LCP Liquid Crystalline Polymer High mechanical strength and temperature resistance.
Very good chemical resistance. Inherently non-flammable.
PBT Polybutylene terephtalate High mechanical strength and temperature resistance. Some types flame-retardant.
Good chemical resistance. Good oil resistance.
PC Polycarbonate Clear, hard, elastic and impact resistant. Good temperature resistance.
Limited chemical resistance.
PEEK Polyetheretherketone Thermoplastic. Very high strength and temperature resistance. Good chemical resistance.
Can be sterilized, good resistance to ionizing radiation.
PMMA Polymethylmethacrylate Clear, transparent, hard, scratch-resistant, UV-resistant, mainly for optical applications.
POM Polyoxymethylene High impact resistance, good mechanical strength. Good chemical resistance.
PPE Polyphenylene ether Tough, inflexible, high mechanical strength over a wide temperature range.
Good chemical resistance. Good hot water resistance.
PSU Polysulfone High temperature resistance, high impact resistance, good chemical resistance,
FDA approved (food grade).
PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene Best temperature and chemical resistance, FDA approved (food grade).
PUR Polyurethane Elastic, abrasion-resistant, impact-resistant. Good resistance to oils, greases, solvents
(used for gaskets and cable jackets).
PVC Polyvinyl chloride Good mechanical strength and chemical resistance (cable).
PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride Thermoplastic. High mechanical strength and temperature resistance.
Good chemical resistance (similar to PTFE).
Metal
Wrought aluminum alloy Standard-aluminum for machined cutting. Can be anodized.
Used for housings and mounting components.
Stainless steel Excellent corrosion resistance and strength. Quality 1.4034, 1.4104:
Standard-material; quality 1.4305, 1.4301: Standard-material for the food
industry; quality 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571: With increased requirements on chemical
resistance at elevated temperatures for the food industry.
GD-Al die-cast aluminum- Low specific gravity. Good strength and resistance.
Some types can be anodized. General basic
information
Electrical
GD-Zn die-cast zinc- Good resistance and strength. Usually with protective surface coating.
Mechanical
Quality
Other
Glass Good chemical resistance and strength. Used primarily in optical applications (lenses, Specific basic
cover lenses). information
■ www.balluff.com 891
Basic Information and Definitions
Inductive sensors
Principle Inductive sensors affect the interaction of metallic targets with the
electromagnetic alternating field of the sensor. Eddy currents are
induced in the metallic damping material, which removes energy
from the field and reduces the height of the oscillation amplitude.
This change is processed in the inductive sensor, which changes its
output state accordingly.
Sensor field
Sensing surface The sensing surface is the area through which the high-frequency
sensor field enters the air space. It is determined primarily by the
base of the shell core and corresponds roughly to the surface area of
the shell core cap.
Sensing surface
Standard target The standard target is a grounded, square plate made of Fe 360
(ISO 630), with the switching distance determined per EN 60947-5-2.
The thickness is d = 1 mm; and the side length a corresponds to
Standard target
■ The diameter of the registered circle of the
"sensing surface" or
■ 3 sn, if the value is greater than the nominal diameter.
Correction factor The correction factor indicates the reduction of the switching distance in
damping materials which deviate from Fe 360.
Material Factor
Steel 1.0
Copper 0.25...0.45
Brass 0.35...0.50
Aluminum 0.30...0.45
Stainless steel 0.60...1.00
Nickel 0.65...0.75
Cast iron 0.93...1.05
Switching frequency f
ox tch
im
ity
an
-
d
Delay times
Stand-by delay t v The stand-by delay is the time between switching on the supply volt-
age and the beginning of operational readiness of the sensor. This
time must not be longer than 300 ms. During this time, there must
be no fault signal longer than 2 ms.
Temperature drift The temperature drift is the deviation of the real switching distance
within the temperature range of –25 °C ≤ Ta ≤ +70 °C.
According to EN 60947-5-2: ∆sr/sr ≤ 10 %
Ambient temperature Ta The ambient temperature is the temperature range in which the func-
tion of the photoelectric switch is guaranteed.
Operating principle Error-free function depends on the magnitude of the welding current
and the distance of the sensor from the current-carrying line.
Magnetic field
General basic
information
Specific basic
information
Photoelectric
sensors
Inductive
sensors
Current - Magnetic field immune Capacitive
conductor sensor sensors
Magnetic cylinder
sensors
■ www.balluff.com 903
Basic Information and Definitions
Inductive sensors
Supply voltage US The supply voltage is the permitted voltage range, including residual
ripple, in which a secure operation is guaranteed.
Measured supply voltage Ue To determined measured- and limit values, the sensor is operated
with Ue. It is:
■ DC switches Ue = 24 V DC
■ AC and AC/DC-switches Ue = 110 V AC
Voltage drop Ud The voltage drop is the voltage on the interconnected sensor at a
load current of Ie.
Rated insulation The rated insulation voltage of a sensor is the voltage to which the
voltage Ui insulation checks and the air- and creepage distances are related.
For sensors, the highest rated operating voltage is considered the
rated insulation voltage.
Rated supply frequency The rated frequency of the supply network is 50 or 60 Hz.
Residual ripple σ (%) The residual ripple is the alternating current overlying the direct current
Ue (point to point from Ue). It is given in %.
To operate DC switches, a filtered DC voltage having a ripple of max.
15 % (per DIN 41755) is required.
Rated operating current Ie The rated operating current is the permitted continuous output
voltage, which flows through the load RL.
Off-state current Ir The residual current is the current which flows through a blocked
sensor in the load circuit.
Short-term current carrying The short-term current carrying capacity indicates the short-term
capacity Ik permitted current Ik (Aeff) with alternating current during a specified
switching period tk (ms) and repeatability frequency f (Hz).
Limited rated short-circuit The limited short-circuit current is 100 A; meaning that, according
current to EN 60947-5-2, the supply device in short-circuit operation has
to provide a current of at least 100 A during the type test for a short
time. This current is prescribed in the standard in order to test the
short-circuit strength of sensors.
No-load supply current I0 The no-load supply current is the current that flows without a load be-
ing attached (only with 3- and 4-wire switches). This current supplies
the sensor electronics.
Minimum operational The smallest operating current is the current that is necessary in the
current Im ON-state to maintain the conductibility of the switching element.
Output resistance Ra The output resistance is the resistance between the output and the
supply voltage which is built into the switch; see "Output circuits".
Load capacitance The load capacity is the permitted total capacity at the sensor out-
put, including line capacity.
Output circuits
Driver stages
General basic
information
Specific basic
information
2-wire DC-switch Non-polarized Photoelectric
sensors
S = semiconductor switch Inductive
Dz = Z-diode, delimiter sensors
C = capacitor Capacitive
GI = bridge rectifier sensors
LED = light emitting diode Magnetic cylinder
sensors
■ www.balluff.com 905
Basic Information and Definitions
Inductive sensors
NO
NC
Complementary
NO
NC
AC sensors Protection isolated (Protection Class II !) with protection ground (insulation class I)
Short-circuit- Short-circuit-
protection device protection device
NO (fuse)
3
(fuse)
BN
~ ~
4
~
leading
BU
~ contact
AC/DC sensors Protection isolated (Protection Class II !) with protection ground (insulation class I)
leading
contact
NO
leading
contact
NC
NO/NC,
programmable
Series connection With a series connection, a time 3-wire DC-switch 2-wire DC-switch
delay (e.g. ready delay time) can (AC/DC)
occur. The number of linkable
sensors is limited by the total
voltage drop (sum of all Ud).
With 2-wire-sensors, it is limited
by the addition of the minimum
supply voltage levels.
With 3-wire DC-switches, the
load rating of the output stage
presents an additional limitation,
because the no-load supply
current I0 of all switches adds up
to rated operating current Ie.
The ready delay time tv is the rea-
dy delay of a sensor × (number
of sensors n –1).
General basic
information
Specific basic
information
Photoelectric
sensors
Inductive
sensors
Capacitive
sensors
Magnetic cylinder
sensors
■ www.balluff.com 907
Basic Information and Definitions
Inductive sensors
Polarity reversal protected Sensors with short-circuit protection are polarity reversal-protected
against reversal of all connections.
Sensors without short-circuit protection are polarity reversal-protect-
ed against reversal of the positive/negative cable.
Cable break protection The cable break protection prevents a malfunction by cable break in
3-wire switches. An installed diode has a power input through output
line A.
Short circuit protected The short-circuit protection is achieved in Balluff sensors with
(sensors with a maximum clocked or thermal short-circuit switches. The output stage is
voltage of 60 V DC) thereby protected against overload and short circuit.
The release current of the short-circuit protection is above the rated
operating current Ie.
Currents from switching and load capacitance do not trigger this
function, but rather are masked by a short delay time.
Application:
Due in part to manufacturing tolerances within a production run, the
exact switchpoint must in any case be established on site. The solid
lines represent the respective switch-on point (E); the dashed lines
indicate the turn-off point (A). The red lines apply to switches with
a clear zone, and the black lines for flush mount types. Since the
switching operation can be induced from either direction, the curves
are shown mirrored from the system axis.
Examples:
Passing objects on conveyor lines generate a signal change
when their front edge crosses the turn-on curve on the entry side.
The signal reverses again when the back edge of the passing object
crosses the (mirrored) turn-off curve on the opposite side.
In the case of reversing parts (e. g. end of travel), the signal rever-
sal occurs at the turn-off curve on the same side.
General basic
information
Specific basic
information
Photoelectric
Standard target, radial approach direction Standard target, radial approach direction sensors
Inductive
sensors
Capacitive
sensors
Magnetic cylinder
sensors
Sensor
The vertical axis in the diagram shows the distance of the switch- Example: The distance of the
point from the sensing surface. It is based on the rated switching switch on- and switch off
distance sn. At a distance of 0.8 mm, a laterally approaching target point (from the system axis) is
reaches the solid line turn-on curve at point "E" and leaves the turn- typically:
off curve at point "A". On ~ 2.75 mm
The horizontal axis in the diagram is based on the radius of the Off ~ 2.95 mm.
sensing surface. The zero point of this axis lies in the center of the
shell core cap. In our example for the M12 switch, the radius is
r = 6 mm.
■ www.balluff.com 909
Basic Information and Definitions
Inductive sensors
Switching distances
Standard target
Switching distance s The switching distance is the distance between the standard target
and the sensing surface of the sensor at which a signal change is
triggered according to EN 60947-5-2. When normally open, it is from
OFF to ON, and when normally closed, from ON to OFF.
Rated switching distance sn The rated switching distance is a data cluster without taking manu-
facturing tolerances, parameter scatter and external influences such sn
as temperature and voltage into account.
surface
Real switching distance sr The real switching distance is the switching distance of an
individual sensor which is measured under defined conditions, e.g.
sr
installation type flush, rated operating voltage Ue, temperature
Sensing
Ta = +23 °C ±5 °C (0.9 sn ≤ sr ≤ 1.1 sn).
110 % 90 %
Usable switching distance su The usable switching distance is the permitted switching distance
within fixed voltage- and temperature limits (0.81 sn ≤ su ≤ 1.21 sn). su
100 %
121 % 81 % 0%
Assured operating dis- The assured switching distance is the switching distance in which
tance sa a secure operation of the sensor is guaranteed at a defined voltage-
and temperature range (0 ≤ sa ≤ 0.81 sn).
sa
*Information for switching distance in mm. The switching distances of these sensors are not standardized.
Flush mountable sensors Flush mountable sensors can be installed with their sensing surfaces
flush to the metal. The distance to the opposite metal surfaces
has to be ≥ 3 sn, and the distance between two sensors (with row
mounting) has to be ≥ 2d.
Sensing
surface
Non-flush mountable sensors Non-flush mountable sensors can be identified by their "caps", since
they have no metal housing surrounding the area of the sensing
face. The sensing face must extend ≥ 2sn from the metallic installa-
tion medium. The distance to the opposite metal surfaces has to be
≥ 3 sn, and the distance between two sensors (with row mounting)
has to be ≥ 3d.
Sensing
surface
Observe
General basic
information
Specific basic
information
Photoelectric
sensors
Inductive
sensors
Opposing installation An opposing installation of two sensors requires a minimum distance Capacitive
sensors
of two sensors of a ≥ 3d between the sensing faces.
Magnetic cylinder
sensors
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Basic Information and Definitions
Inductive sensors
Flush mountable sensors Flush mountable sensors can be embedded flush up to their sensing
surfaces in non-ferrous materials. Installation in non-ferrous metal Sensing
surface
may result in a reduction of the switching distance.
The distance to the opposing metal surfaces has to be ≥ 3 sn
and the distance between two sensors (with row mounting) has to
be ≥ 2d. In order to install the sensor in ferromagnetic materials,
the following guidelines are used for dimension "×".
Non-flush mountable Non-flush mountable sensors can be identified by their "caps", Sensing
surface
sensors since they have no metal housing surrounding the area of the
sensing face. The sensing face must extend 2sn from the metallic
installation medium. The distance to the opposite metal surfaces
has to be ≥ 3 sn, and the distance between two sensors has to
be ≥ 3d. Observe
Quasi-flush mountable Quasi-flush mountable sensors require space behind the sensing Sensing
surface
sensors surface which is free of conductive materials. Under this conditi-
on the specified switching distance is available without limitation.
Dimension "×" (see fig.) indicates the shortest distance between the
sensing face and the conductive material behind it.
Non-flush mountable sensors Non-flush mountable sensors can be identified by their "caps", since Sensing
surface
they have no metal housing surrounding the area of the sensing face.
The distance to the opposing metal surface has to be ≥ 3 sn.
Installation conditions:
Observe
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Basic Information and Definitions
Inductive sensors
Distance sensors The distance sensors with analog output are sensors which generate
with analog output a continuously varying output signal that depends on the distance
between their sensing surface and the damping element.
Effective distance se The effective distance is the point in the center of the linearity range
sI, and serves as a reference point for other information.
Linear range sI The linear range corresponds to the working range in which the
distance sensor demonstrates a defined linearity.
St
a
nd
Se
ar
The limit frequency corresponds to the maximum possible number
d
Limit frequency (–3 dB)
n
so
ta
rg
r
of switching operations per second. Damping is done according to
et
EN 60947-5-2 with standard targets on a rotating, non-conductive
washer. The surface relationship of iron to non-conductive material
is 1 : 2. The rated value of the limit frequency (–3 dB-limit) is reached
if the output signal has sunk to approx. 70 % of the former signal
strength.
Measuring speed Through the measurement speed, the distance of a linearly moved
object can be requested accurately. The direction of movement of
the object is parallel to the sensing face of the sensor.
Response time The response time is the time a sensor requires to reliably and
steadily change the output signal. The specified time, which has
been determined at the maximum measuring speed, includes both
the electrical response time of the sensor and the time for the me-
chanical change of the damping state.
Slope The slope is a measure of the sensitivity of the sensor with respect
to a distance change. This physical relationship can be calculated for
distance sensors as follows:
Temperature drift The temperature drift is the shift a point experiences on the actual
output curve at different temperatures. The temperature drift is
described by the temperature coefficient.
Temperature coefficient TC The temperature coefficient describes the deviation in the sensor
output signal under the effect of a temperature change.
General basic
information
Specific basic
information
Repeat accuracy R Repeat accuracy is the value of the change to the output signal Photoelectric
sensors
under specified conditions, expressed as a percentage of the up-
Inductive
per distance. The measurement must be taken in the lower, upper sensors
and middle area of the linear range. It corresponds to the repeat Capacitive
sensors
accuracy R of proximity switches and is determined under the same
Magnetic cylinder
standardized conditions (EN 60947-5-2). sensors
Displacement sensors with analog output achieve the value R of
≤ 5% defined in the standard.
Repeat accuracy RBWN Repeat accuracy describes the precision an analog sensor achieves
when moving to a measuring point multiple times. The value
specified on the basis of the Balluff Factory Standard (BWN Pr. 44)
describes the maximum deviation from this measuring point.
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958
Worldwide Sales
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TecSupport
Your added value for planning and commissioning
Selection
Integration
Instruction
Application
Industrial identification
Project support
Vision sensors
IO-Link
Industrial networking
and connectivity
Product
System components
Decision help
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Tec
TecSupport
Your added value for planning and commissioning
We offer ... We provide you with specific support for Balluff system
■ Decision help for the correct product selection components
■ Complex product and application support ■ Vision sensors BVS for optical identification
■ Integration support ■ Industrial networking and connectivity for wiring and networking
■ Customer-specific product and commissioning training ■ IO-Link – network technology for reliable data transfer and greater
■ Intensive technical support during the entire phase of the project efficiency
■ Assumption of time-consuming project work ■ Industrial identification – RFID for transparency in material flow
Support
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Customized Services
According to your specifications. In the best quality.
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Retrieving Product Information Online
Various CAD and electronic diagram formats available
Balluff Products in 3D
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Retrieving Product Information Online
Various CAD and electronic diagram formats available
The benefits to you EPLAN macros – Electrical project planning made easy
■ Faster and more efficient designing And now users of EPLAN electrical project planning software can
■ Free availability of all Balluff catalog products also profit from this free service. On our Web site planners and
■ All common CAD formats designers can download macros for selected Balluff products at no
■ Convenient preview in 3D charge and implement them in their design. These macros include
■ Configurable products all the necessary graphics, technical and commercial information for
the electrical design and documentation. Benefit from significant time
And here is how it works and cost savings.
■ Go to the 3D data at www.balluff.com
■ You are redirected to the Cadenas PARTserver
■ Select a sensor and perform an optional check via 3D preview
■ Add it to the shopping cart
■ Once you have entered your details, the CAD files of your choice
are sent to you by e-mail
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SENSOR
SOLUTIONS AND
SYSTEMS
As a recognized partner in all sectors of the automation industry, Balluff offers comprehensive
expertise in sensor technology and networking. We supply advanced technology and
state-of-the-art electronics to our customers, who benefit from excellent service, application-
specific solutions and individual consultation. You too can benefit from the excellent quality of
our products and services.
www.balluff.com
Phone +49 7158 173-0
Systems and Service
Industrial Identification
Object Detection
Accessories
Balluff GmbH
Schurwaldstrasse 9
73765 Neuhausen a.d.F.
Germany
Tel. +49 7158 173-0
Fax +49 7158 5010
[email protected]