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Tree Adt

The document discusses binary trees and their properties. A binary tree is a data structure composed of nodes where each node has at most two children. It describes the key properties of binary trees including that they are either empty or can be partitioned into a root node and two disjoint subtrees, and defines terms like leaf nodes, ancestors, levels, and depths. It also covers binary search trees where all left descendants are less than the parent and right are greater, and different traversal orders like pre-order, in-order, and post-order that produce different outputs. Finally, it explains how binary trees can be used to represent mathematical expressions and the traversals produce prefix, postfix and infix notation.

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156 views7 pages

Tree Adt

The document discusses binary trees and their properties. A binary tree is a data structure composed of nodes where each node has at most two children. It describes the key properties of binary trees including that they are either empty or can be partitioned into a root node and two disjoint subtrees, and defines terms like leaf nodes, ancestors, levels, and depths. It also covers binary search trees where all left descendants are less than the parent and right are greater, and different traversal orders like pre-order, in-order, and post-order that produce different outputs. Finally, it explains how binary trees can be used to represent mathematical expressions and the traversals produce prefix, postfix and infix notation.

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Anonymous IhmXvCHj3c
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Lecture Notes on Data Structures using Java Page 1

TREE ADT

Binary Tree

 finite set of elements that is either empty or is


partitioned into three disjoint subsets
 the first subset contains a single element called the
root of the tree
 the other two subsets are themselves trees called
the left and right subtree

B C

D
E F

G H

 A is the root of the tree


 A is the parent of B
 B is the left child of A
 C is the right child of A
 D, G, H and F are leaves
 the level of node G is 3
Lecture Notes on Data Structures using Java Page 2

 the depth of the tree is 3

 a node that has no children is called a leaf


 node n1 is an ancestor of node n2, if either n1 is the
parent of n2 or n1 is the parent of some ancestor of n2
 if every non-leaf has a left and right child, then the tree
is said to be a strictly binary tree
 the level of a node in a binary tree is defined as
follows
 the root of the tree has level 0
 the level of any other node in the tree is 1 more
than the level of its father
 the depth of a binary tree is the maximum level of any
leaf in the tree
 a binary tree of depth d is an almost complete binary
tree if
 each leaf in the tree is either at level d or d-1
 for any node n in the tree with a right descendant
at level d, all the left descendants of n that are
leaves should also be at level d
 the nodes of an almost complete binary tree can be
numbered so that the root is assigned number 1, a left
son is assigned twice the number assigned to its father
and a right son is assigned 1 more than twice the
number assigned to its father
 if a binary tree has m nodes at level l, then it contains
at most 2m nodes at level l+1
Lecture Notes on Data Structures using Java Page 3

Binary Search Tree

 a binary tree in which all elements in the left


subtree of a node is less than the value of the
node and all elements at the right subtree of a
node is greater than the value of the node

Example:
10

8 15

6
12 20

11 13

Operations on binary tree

1. item() 7. isright()
2. left() 8. setleft(item);
3. right() 9. setright(item)
4. parent() 10. setright(x)
5 5. sibling()
Lecture Notes on Data Structures using Java Page 4

6. isleft()

Traversal operations

Pre-order traversal
 visit root
 traverse left subtree in pre-order
 traverse right subtree in pre-order

In-order traversal
 traverse left subtree in in-order
 visit root
 traverse right subtree in in-order

Post-order traversal
 traverse left subtree in post-order
 traverse right subtree in post-order
 visit root

Example:

B C

D
E F

G H
Lecture Notes on Data Structures using Java Page 5

Remark: If a binary search tree is traversed using in-


order traversal, the result is a sorted list

Example:
10

8 15

6
12 20

11 13

Inorder Traversal: 6 8 10 11 12 13 15 20
Lecture Notes on Data Structures using Java Page 6

Tree representation of expression

 Another use of binary tree is in representing


arithmetic expressions:

a) a+b*c b) a+b*c-d/e

+ -

+ /
a *

a * d e
b c

b c

Remarks:
 If a tree representation of an expression is
traversed using

pre-order
- the result is a prefix form of the
expression
post-order - the result is a postfix form of the
expression
inorder - the result is an infix form of the
expression
Lecture Notes on Data Structures using Java Page 7

Traversal of Tree in a)

pre-order  +a*bc
post-order  abc*+
inorder  a bc * +

Traversal of Tree in b)

pre-order  -+a*bc/de
post-order  abc*+de/-
inorder  a+b*c-d/e

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