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    Piping Engineering - Tank Nozzle Loads 1

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    Nasrul Adli
    The document discusses requirements for bottom nozzles on storage tanks according to API 650 standards. It explains that as the tank shell expands due to temperature changes and pressure, the base cannot freely move due to restrictions. This creates a discontinuity area near the base where nozzles can experience rotation and radial displacement. The document outlines two scenarios for boundary conditions at the tank bottom and notes that nozzle loads are a concern. It describes calculating radial and rotational nozzle movements to input into stress analysis software to model the effects in the discontinuity area.

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    Piping Engineering - Tank Nozzle Loads 1

    Uploaded by

    Nasrul Adli
    233 views1 page
    The document discusses requirements for bottom nozzles on storage tanks according to API 650 standards. It explains that as the tank shell expands due to temperature changes and pressure, the base cannot freely move due to restrictions. This creates a discontinuity area near the base where nozzles can experience rotation and radial displacement. The document outlines two scenarios for boundary conditions at the tank bottom and notes that nozzle loads are a concern. It describes calculating radial and rotational nozzle movements to input into stress analysis software to model the effects in the discontinuity area.

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    Piping Engineering _ Tank Nozzle Loads 1

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    The document discusses requirements for bottom nozzles on storage tanks according to API 650 standards. It explains that as the tank shell expands due to temperature changes and pressure, the base cannot freely move due to restrictions. This creates a discontinuity area near the base where nozzles can experience rotation and radial displacement. The document outlines two scenarios for boundary conditions at the tank bottom and notes that nozzle loads are a concern. It describes calculating radial and rotational nozzle movements to input into stress analysis software to model the effects in the discontinuity area.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    233 views1 page

    Piping Engineering - Tank Nozzle Loads 1

    Uploaded by

    Nasrul Adli
    The document discusses requirements for bottom nozzles on storage tanks according to API 650 standards. It explains that as the tank shell expands due to temperature changes and pressure, the base cannot freely move due to restrictions. This creates a discontinuity area near the base where nozzles can experience rotation and radial displacement. The document outlines two scenarios for boundary conditions at the tank bottom and notes that nozzle loads are a concern. It describes calculating radial and rotational nozzle movements to input into stress analysis software to model the effects in the discontinuity area.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    2/1/2018 Piping engineering | Tank nozzle loads

    CALCSTRESS
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    API 650 Requirements for Bottom Nozzles of Storage Tanks: Nozzle


    Movements, Local Stresses on Nozzles and Allowable Nozzle Loads
    Shell course of a storage tank tends to expand due to temperature difference and head pressure. The tank base is not
    possible to move freely because of the base restriction. So the displacement of that location can’t reach to its free
    movement. This takes part in a discontinuity area which is extended about , from tank base.
    Apparently all nozzles in that area are affected as follows:
    Nozzle Rotation: The rotation of shell in the discontinuity area makes all nozzles rotate. Depending on the
    attached piping flexibility, some loads are developed at the nozzle and shell junction.
    Radial Displacement: As mentioned earlier, due to chocking effects in the discontinuity area, the nozzles tend to
    move in radial direction due to thermal expansion and head pressure. At the bottom of tank where the chocking
    exists, some parts of circumferential membrane stress capacity go to the corresponding local stresses. This
    increased capacity can be calculated as a new allowable stress which is used when a local tensile membrane
    stress exists. It does not give credit to a compression membrane stress because the tank may be empty or half.
    Figure 1 shows two extreme scenarios which may exist: fully restrained and semi-restrained.

    Figure 1: Tank bottom restriction types

    In a fully restrained boundary condition a bending moment is created in such a way it leads to a smaller rotation
    comparing to a semi-restrained system. The real one is somewhere between them. The big rotation is our main
    concern because it leads to big nozzle loads.

    1-Radial and rotational movements of nozzle calculation


    Figure 2 demonstrates final nozzle location stemming from thermal and head pressure of tank. These movements are
    input of CAESAR II.

    Figure 2: Radial and rotational movement of nozzle in discontinuity area

    It is assumed the tank has a different thickness at each shell courses. So the free pressure displacement along tank is

    http://www.calcstress.com/tank-nozzle-loads 1/11

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