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Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence > Year 2015 > October 2015 Decisions > G.R. No. 211145, October 14,
2015 SAMAHAN NG MANGGAGAWA SA HANJIN SHIPYARD REP. BY ITS PRESIDENT, ALFIE ALIPIO, Petitioner, v.
BUREAU OF LABOR RELATIONS, HANJIN HEAVY INDUSTRIES AND CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD. (HHICPHIL.),
Respondents.:
SECOND DIVISION
G.R. No. 211145, October 14, 2015
SAMAHAN NG MANGGAGAWA SA HANJIN SHIPYARD REP. BY ITS PRESIDENT, ALFIE ALIPIO,
Petitioner, v. BUREAU OF LABOR RELATIONS, HANJIN HEAVY INDUSTRIES AND CONSTRUCTION
CO., LTD. (HHICPHIL.), Respondents.
D E C I S I O N
MENDOZA, J.:
The right to selforganization is not limited to unionism. Workers may also form or join an association for
mutual aid and protection and for other legitimate purposes.
This is a petition for review on certiorari seeking to reverse and set aside the July 4, 2013 Decision1 and
the January 28, 2014 Resolution2 of the Court of Appeals (CA) in CAG.R. SP No. 123397, which reversed
the November 28, 2011 Resolution3 of the Bureau of Labor Relations (BLR) and reinstated the April 20,
2010 Decision4 of the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) Regional Director, cancelling the
registration of Samahan ng Manggagawa sa Hanjin Shipyard (Samahan) as a worker's association under
DebtKollect Company, Inc. Article 243 (now Article 249) of the Labor Code.
The Facts
On February 16, 2010, Samahan, through its authorized representative, Alfie F. Alipio, filed an
application for registration5 of its name "Samahan ng Mga Manggagawa sa Hanjin Shipyard" with the
DOLE. Attached to the application were the list of names of the association's officers and members,
signatures of the attendees of the February 7, 2010 meeting, copies of their Constitution and Bylaws.
The application stated that the association had a total of 120 members.
On February 26, 2010, the DOLE Regional Office No. 3, City of San Fernando, Pampanga (DOLE
Pampanga), issued the corresponding certificate of registration6 in favor of Samahan.
On March 15, 2010, respondent Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction Co., Ltd. Philippines (Hanjin),
with offices at Greenbeach 1, Renondo Peninsula, Sitio Agustin, Barangay Cawag, Subic Bay Freeport
Zone, filed a petition7 with DOLEPampanga praying for the cancellation of registration of Samahan's
association on the ground that its members did not fall under any of the types of workers enumerated in
the second sentence of Article 243 (now 249).
Hanjin opined that only ambulant, intermittent, itinerant, rural workers, selfemployed, and those
ChanRobles Intellectual Property without definite employers may form a workers' association. It further posited that one third (1/3) of the
Division members of the association had definite employers and the continued existence and registration of the
association would prejudice the company's goodwill.
On March 18, 2010, Hanjin filed a supplemental petition,8 adding the alternative ground that Samahan
committed a misrepresentation in connection with the list of members and/or voters who took part in the
ratification of their constitution and bylaws in its application for registration. Hanjin claimed that
Samahan made it appear that its members were all qualified to become members of the workers'
association.
On March 26, 2010, DOLEPampanga called for a conference, wherein Samahan requested for a 10day
period to file a responsive pleading. No pleading, however, was submitted. Instead, Samahan filed a
motion to dismiss on April 14, 2010.9
The Ruling of the DOLE Regional Director
On April 20, 2010, DOLE Regional Director Ernesto Bihis ruled in favor of Hanjin. He found that the
preamble, as stated in the Constitution and ByLaws of Samahan, was an admission on its part that all of
its members were employees of Hanjin, to wit:
KAMI, ang mga Manggagawa sa HANJIN Shipyard (SAMAHAN) ay naglalayong na isulong
ang pagpapabuti ng kondisyon sa paggawa at katiyakan sa hanapbuhay sa pamamagitan
ng patuloy na pagpapaunlad ng kasanayan ng para sa mga kasapi nito. Naniniwala na sa
pamamagitan ng aming mga angking lakas, kaalaman at kasanayan ay anting
maitataguyod at makapagaambag sa kaunlaran ng isang lipunan. Na mararating at
makakamit ang antas ng pagkilala, pagdakila at pagpapahalaga sa mga tulad naming mga
manggagawa.
x x x10
The same claim was made by Samahan in its motion to dismiss, but it failed to adduce evidence that the
remaining 63 members were also employees of Hanjin. Its admission bolstered Hanjin's claim that
Samahan committed misrepresentation in its application for registration as it made an express
representation that all of its members were employees of the former. Having a definite employer, these
57 members should have formed a labor union for collective bargaining.11 The dispositive portion of the
decision of the Dole Regional Director, reads:
WHEREFORE, premises considered, the petition is hereby GRANTED. Consequently, the
Certificate of Registration as Legitimate Workers Association (LWA) issued to the
SAMAHAN NG MGA MANGGAGAWA SA HANJIN SHIPYARD (SAMAHAN) with Registration
October-2015 Jurisprudence Numbers R03001002WA009 dated February 26, 2010 is hereby CANCELLED, and said
association is dropped from the roster of labor organizations of this Office.
G.R. No. 182395, October 05, 2015 MARITO T.
BERNALES, Petitioner, v. NORTHWEST AIRLINES,
Respondent. SO DECIDED.12
G.R. No. 193990, October 14, 2015 EASTERN
The Ruling of the Bureau of Labor Relations
SHIPPING LINES, INC., AND/OR CONGRESSMAN
ERWIN L. CHIONGBIAN, Petitioners, v. JULIO C. Aggrieved, Samahan filed an appeal13 before the BLR, arguing that Hanjin had no right to petition for the
CANJA, Respondent. cancellation of its registration. Samahan pointed out that the words "Hanjin Shipyard," as used in its
application for registration, referred to a workplace and not as employer or company. It explained that
G.R. No. 191031, October 05, 2015 DOLORES L. when a shipyard was put up in Subic, Zambales, it became known as Hanjin Shipyard. Further, the
HACBANG AND BERNARDO J. HACBANG, Petitioners, remaining 63 members signed the SamaSamang Pagpapatunay which stated that they were either
v. ATTY. BASILIO H. ALO, Respondent. working or had worked at Hanjin. Thus, the alleged misrepresentation committed by Samahan had no leg
G.R. No. 193271, October 05, 2015 LOLITA M.
to stand on.14
SANTIAGO, Petitioner, v. SILVESTRE H. BELLO IV,
Respondent. In its Comment to the Appeal,15 Hanjin averred that it was a partyininterest. It reiterated that
Samahan committed misrepresentation in its application for registration before DOLE Pampanga. While
G.R. No. 194767, October 14, 2015 EDGAR T. Samahan insisted that the remaining 63 members were either working, or had at least worked in Hanjin,
BARROSO, Petitioner, v. HON. JUDGE GEORGE E. only 10 attested to such fact, thus, leaving its 53 members without any workplace to claim.
OMELIO, PRESIDING JUDGE, REGIONAL TRIAL
COURT, BRANCH 14, DAVAO CITY AND TRAVELLERS On September 6, 2010, the BLR granted Samahan's appeal and reversed the ruling of the Regional
INSURANCE & SURETY CORPORATION, ANTONIO V. Director. It stated that the law clearly afforded the right to selforganization to all workers including
BATAO, REGIONAL MANAGER, Respondents.
those without definite employers.16 As an expression of the right to selforganization, industrial,
G.R. No. 171897, October 14, 2015 PHILIPPINE commercial and selfemployed workers could form a workers' association if they so desired but subject to
TRUST COMPANY, Petitioner, v. FLORO ROXAS AND the limitation that it was only for mutual aid and protection.17 Nowhere could it be found that to form a
EUFEMIA ROXAS, Respondents. workers' association was prohibited or that the exercise of a workers' right to selforganization was
limited to collective bargaining.18
G.R. No. 186114, October 07, 2015 CHEVRON
(PHILS.), INC., Petitioner, v. VITALIANO C GALIT, SJS
The BLR was of the opinion that there was no misrepresentation on the part of Samahan. The phrase,
AND SONS CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION AND MR.
REYNALDO SALOMON, Respondents. "KAMI, ang mga Manggagawa sa Hanjin Shipyard" if translated, would be: "We, the workers at Hanjin
Shipyard." The use of the preposition "at" instead of "of " would indicate that "Hanjin Shipyard" was
G.R. No. 191526, October 05, 2015 SPOUSES intended to describe a place.19 Should Hanjin feel that the use of its name had affected the goodwill of
FLORENTINO AND CONSOLACION TABALNO, the company, the remedy was not to seek the cancellation of the association's registration. At most, the
Petitioners, v. PAULINO T. DINGAL, SR. AND JUANITA use by Samahan of the name "Hanjin Shipyard" would only warrant a change in the name of the
GALOLA VDA. DE DINGAL, Respondents. association.20 Thus, the dispositive portion of the BLR decision reads:
G.R. No. 211145, October 14, 2015 SAMAHAN NG WHEREFORE, the appeal is hereby GRANTED. The Order of DOLE Region III Director
MANGGAGAWA SA HANJIN SHIPYARD REP. BY ITS
Ernesto C. Bihis dated 20 April 2010 is REVERSED and SET ASIDE.
PRESIDENT, ALFIE ALIPIO, Petitioner, v. BUREAU OF
LABOR RELATIONS, HANJIN HEAVY INDUSTRIES AND
CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD. (HHICPHIL.),
Accordingly, Samahan ng mga Manggagawa sa Hanjin Shipyard shall remain in the roster
Respondents. of legitimate workers' association.21
G.R. No. 213197, October 21, 2015 REMEGIO A. On October 14, 2010, Hanjin filed its motion for reconsideration.22
CHING, Petitioner, v. SAN PEDRO COLLEGE OF
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, Respondent. In its Resolution,23 dated November 28, 2011, the BLR affirmed its September 6, 2010 Decision, but
directed Samahan to remove the words "Hanjin Shipyard" from its name. The BLR explained that the
G.R. No. 203969, October 21, 2015 ERNESTO
Labor Code had no provision on the use of trade or business name in the naming of a worker's
OPPEN, INC., Petitioner, v. ALBERTO COMPAS,
SUBSTITUTED BY HIS HEIRS NAMELY, CLIFFORD M.
association, such matters being governed by the Corporation Code. According to the BLR, the most
COMPAS AND JOAN M. COMPAS, AND PHILIPPINE equitable relief that would strike a balance between the contending interests of Samahan and Hanjin was
MERCHANT MARINE SCHOOL, INC., Respondents. to direct Samahan to drop the name "Hanjin Shipyard" without delisting it from the roster of legitimate
labor organizations. The fallo reads:
G.R. No. 214057, October 19, 2015 FLORENTINA
BAUTISTASPILLE REPRESENTED BY HER ATTORNEY WHEREFORE, premises considered, our Decision dated 6 September 2010 is hereby
INFACT, MANUEL B. FLORES, JR., Petitioner, v. AFFIRMED with a DIRECTIVE for SAMAHAN to remove "HANJIN SHIPYARD" from its name.
NICORP MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
CORPORATION, BENJAMIN G. BAUTISTA AND SO RESOLVED.24
INTERNATIONAL EXCHAN BANK, Respondents.
Unsatisfied, Samahan filed a petition for certiorari25 under Rule 65 before the CA, docketed as CAG.R.
G.R. No. 210841, October 14, 2015 PEOPLE OF
SP No. 123397.
THE PHILIPPINES, PlaintiffAppellee, v. ENRICO
MIRONDO Y IZON, AccusedAppellant.
In its March 21, 2012 Resolution,26 the CA dismissed the petition because of Samahan's failure to file a
G.R. No. 211638, October 07, 2015 MARK motion for reconsideration of the assailed November 28, 2011 Resolution.
ANTHONY SASO, Petitioner, v. 88 ACES MARITIME
SERVICE, INC. AND/OR CARMENCITA A. SARREAL On April 17, 2012, Samahan filed its motion for reconsideration27 and on July 18, 2012, Hanjin filed its
AND LIN WEN YU, Respondents.
comment28 to oppose the same. On October 22, 2012, the CA issued a resolution granting Samahan's
motion for reconsideration and reinstating the petition. Hanjin was directed to file a comment five (5)
G.R. No. 175483, October 14, 2015 VALENTINA S. days from receipt of notice.29
CLEMENTE, Petitioner, v. THE COURT OF APPEALS,
ANNIE SHOTWELL JALANDOON, ET AL., Respondents.
On December 12, 2012, Hanjin filed its comment on the petition,30 arguing that to require Samahan to
G.R. No. 182210, October 05, 2015 PAZ T. change its name was not tantamount to interfering with the workers' right to selforganization.31 Thus, it
BERNARDO, SUBSTITUTED BY HEIRS, MAPALAD G. prayed, among others, for the dismissal of the petition for Samahan's failure to file the required motion
BERNARDO, EMILIE B. KO, MARILOU B. VALDEZ, for reconsideration.32
EDWIN T. BERNARDO AND GERVY B. SANTOS,
Petitioners, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES,
Respondent. On January 17, 2013, Samahan filed its reply.33
G.R. No. 194969, October 07, 2015 CONVOY On March 22, 2013, Hanjin filed its memorandum.34
MARKETING CORPORATION AND/OR ARNOLD LAAB,
Petitioners, v. OLIVER B. ALBIA, Respondent. The Ruling of the Court of Appeals
G.R. No. 182208, October 14, 2015 ASIAN On July 4, 2013, the CA rendered its decision, holding that the registration of Samahan as a legitimate
TERMINALS, INC., Petitioner, v. ALLIED GUARANTEE
workers' association was contrary to the provisions of Article 243 of the Labor Code.35 It stressed that
INSURANCE, CO., INC., Respondent.
only 57 out of the 120 members were actually working in Hanjin while the phrase in the preamble of
G.R. No. 194410, October 14, 2015 OCEAN EAST Samahan's Constitution and Bylaws, "KAMI, ang mga Manggagawa sa Hanjin Shipyard" created an
AGENCY, CORPORATION, ENGR. ARTURO D. CARMEN, impression that all its members were employees of HHIC. Such unqualified manifestation which was used
AND CAPT. NICOLAS SKINITIS, Petitioners, v. ALLAN in its application for registration, was a clear proof of misrepresentation which warranted the cancellation
I. LOPEZ, Respondent. of Samahan's registration.
G.R. No. 204105, October 14, 2015 GERONIMO S. It also stated that the members of Samahan could not register it as a legitimate worker's association
ROSAS, Petitioner, v. DILAUSAN MONTOR AND IMRA because the place where Hanjin's industry was located was not a rural area. Neither was there any
ALI M. SABDULLAH, Respondents. evidence to show that the members of the association were ambulant, intermittent or itinerant
workers.36
G.R. No. 169457, October 19, 2015 THE
CONSOLIDATED BANK AND TRUST CORPORATION,
Petitioner, v. THE COURT OF APPEALS, UNITED At any rate, the CA was of the view that dropping the words "Hanjin Shipyard" from the association name
PACIFIC LEASING AND FINANCE CORPORATION, would not prejudice or impair its right to selforganization because it could adopt other appropriate
Respondents. names. The dispositive portion reads:
G.R. No. 201535, October 05, 2015 NEC SYSTEM WHEREFORE, the petition is DISMISSED and the BLR's directive, ordering that the words
INTEGRATED CONSTRUCTION (NESIC) PHILS., INC., "Hanjin Shipyard" be removed from petitioner association's name, is AFFIRMED. The
Petitioner, v. RALPH T. CRISOLOGO, Respondent. Decision dated April 20, 2010 of the DOLE Regional Director in Case No. R03001003CP
001, which ordered the cancellation of petitioner association's registration is REINSTATED.
G.R. Nos. 15374546, October 14, 2015
NEMENCIO C. PULUMBARIT, SR., Petitioner, v. THE
SO ORDERED.37
COURT OF APPEALS (17th Division Composed of
JUSTICE BIENVENIDO L. REYES, PONENTE; JUSTICE
Hence, this petition, raising the following
ROBERTO A. BARRIOS, Chairman; AND JUSTICE
EDGARDO F. SUNDIAM, Acting Third Member), ISSUES
LOURDES S. PASCUAL, LEONILA F. ACASIO, AND SAN
JUAN MACIAS MEMORIAL PARK, INC., Respondents.;
G.R. No. 166573 LOURDES S. PASCUAL, LEONILA F. I. THE COURT OF APPEALS SERIOUSLY ERRED IN FINDING THAT SAMAHAN
ACASIO AND SAN JUAN MACIAS MEMORIAL PARK, CANNOT FORM A WORKERS' ASSOCIATION OF EMPLOYEES IN HANJIN AND
INC., Petitioners, v. NEMENCIO C. PULUMBARIT, SR., INSTEAD SHOULD HAVE FORMED A UNION, HENCE THEIR REGISTRATION AS A
Respondent. WORKERS' ASSOCIATION SHOULD BE CANCELLED.
A.M. No. P143209, October 20, 2015 OFFICE OF II. THE COURT OF APPEALS SERIOUSLY ERRED IN ORDERING THE
THE COURT ADMINISTRATOR, Complainant, v. REMOVAL/DELETION OF THE WORD "HANJIN" IN THE NAME OF THE UNION BY
FREDELITO R. BALTAZAR, CLERK OF COURT II, REASON OF THE COMPANY'S PROPERTY RIGHT OVER THE COMPANY NAME
MUNICIPAL CIRCUIT TRIAL COURT, ALLACAPAN
"HANJIN."38
LASAM, CAGAYAN, Respondent.
Samahan argues that the right to form a workers' association is not exclusive to intermittent, ambulant
G.R. No. 215313, October 21, 2015 OLIMPIO O.
and itinerant workers. While the Labor Code allows the workers "to form, join or assist labor
OLIDANA, Petitioner, v. JEBSENS MARITIME, INC.,
Respondent.
organizations of their own choosing" for the purpose of collective bargaining, it does not prohibit them
from forming a labor organization simply for purposes of mutual aid and protection. All members of
G.R. No. 213014, October 14, 2015 MAYBANK Samahan have one common place of work, Hanjin Shipyard. Thus, there is no reason why they cannot
PHILIPPINES, INC. (FORMERLY PNBREPUBLIC use "Hanjin Shipyard" in their name.39
BANK), Petitioner, v. SPOUSES OSCAR AND NENITA
TARROSA, Respondents. Hanjin counters that Samahan failed to adduce sufficient basis that all its members were employees of
Hanjin or its legitimate contractors, and that the use of the name "Hanjin Shipyard" would create an
G.R. No. 205039, October 21, 2015 SPOUSES
impression that all its members were employess of HHIC.40
ROZELLE RAYMOND MARTIN AND CLAUDINE
MARGARET SANTIAGO, Petitioners, v. RAFFY TULFO,
BEN TULFO, AND ERWIN TULFO, Respondents. Samahan reiterates its stand that workers with a definite employer can organize any association for
purposes of mutual aid and protection. Inherent in the workers' right to selforganization is its right to
G.R. Nos. 20448182, October 14, 2015 ALBERT name its own organization. Samahan referred "Hanjin Shipyard" as their common place of work.
G. AMBAGAN, JR., Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE Therefore, they may adopt the same in their association's name.41
PHILIPPINES, Respondent.
The Court's Ruling
G.R. No. 193420, October 14, 2015 7107
ISLANDS PUBLISHING, INC., Petitioner, v. THE
The petition is partly meritorious.
HOUSE PRINTERS CORPORATION, Respondent.
G.R. No. 191176, October 14, 2015 DEPARTMENT Right to selforganization includes right to form a union, workers' association and labor management
OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT (DILG), councils
Petitioner, v. RAUL V. GATUZ, Respondent.
More often than not, the right to selforganization connotes unionism. Workers, however, can also form
A.C. No. 10783, October 14, 2015 ATTY. BENIGNO and join a workers' association as well as labormanagement councils (LMC). Expressed in the highest
T. BARTOLOME, Complainant, v. ATTY. CHRISTOPHER law of the land is the right of all workers to selforganization. Section 3, Article XIII of the 1987
A. BASILIO, Respondent. Constitution states:
G.R. No. 197058, October 14, 2015 GREGORY Section 3. The State shall afford full protection to labor, local and overseas, organized and
BALUYO Y GAMORA, FOR AND IN BEHALF OF unorganized, and promote full employment and equality of employment opportunities for
EMMANUEL GAMORA BALUYO, Petitioner, v. SPOUSES all. It shall guarantee the rights of all workers to selforganization,
JOAQUIN AND REBECCA DE LA CRUZ, Respondents.
collective bargaining and negotiations, and peaceful concerted activities, including the right
G.R. No. 208802, October 14, 2015 G.V. FLORIDA
to strike in accordance with law. xxx
TRANSPORT, INC., Petitioner, v. HEIRS OF ROMEO L.
BATTUNG, JR., REPRESENTED BY ROMEO BATTUNG,
SR., Respondents. [Emphasis Supplied]
G.R. No. 212096, October 14, 2015 NIGHTOWL And Section 8, Article III of the 1987 Constitution also states:
WATCHMAN & SECURITY AGENCY, INC., Petitioner, v.
NESTOR LUMAHAN, Respondent. Section 8. The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private
sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not
A.M. No. P153321 (Formerly OCA I.P.I. No. 08 be abridged.
2966P), October 21, 2015 GUIAWAN REGINA
BALANZA, Complainant, v. ARSENIO P. CRISTE, In relation thereto, Article 3 of the Labor Code provides:
CLERK III, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 21,
VIGAN CITY, ILOCOS SUR, Respondent. Article 3. Declaration of basic policy. The State shall afford protection to labor, promote
full employment, ensure equal work opportunities regardless of sex, race or creed and
A.M. No. RTJ082102 (Formerly A.M. OCA IPI No. regulate the relations between workers and employers. The State shall assure the
072762RTJ), October 14, 2015 SUGNI REALTY rights of workers to selforganization, collective bargaining, security of tenure,
HOLDINGS AND DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION,
REPRESENTED BY ITS CHAIRMAN/PRESIDENT, and just and humane conditions of work.
CYNTHIA CRUZ KHEMANI, Complainant, v. JUDGE
BERNADETTE S. PAREDESENCINAREAL, [THEN IN [Emphasis Supplied]
HER CAPACITY AS ACTING PRESIDING JUDGE,
BRANCH 10, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, IN DIPOLOG As Article 246 (now 252) of the Labor Code provides, the right to selforganization includes the right to
CITY], PRESIDING JUDGE, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, form, join or assist labor organizations for the purpose of collective bargaining through representatives of
BRANCH 12, OROQUIETA CITY, Respondent. their own choosing and to engage in lawful concerted activities for the same purpose for their mutual aid
and protection. This is in line with the policy of the State to foster the free and voluntary organization of
G.R. No. 196597, October 21, 2015 MODESTO W.
RIVERA, Petitioner, v. ALLIED BANKING a strong and united labor movement as well as to make sure that workers participate in policy and
CORPORATION, CORA D. CORPUS AND ANTONIO H. decisionmaking processes affecting their rights, duties and welfare.42
SANTOS, Respondents.
The right to form a union or association or to selforganization comprehends two notions, to wit: (a) the
G.R. No. 169442, October 14, 2015 REPUBLIC OF liberty or freedom, that is, the absence of restraint which guarantees that the employee may act for
THE PHILIPPINES, REPRESENTED BY THE himself without being prevented by law; and (b) the power, by virtue of which an employee may, as he
PRIVATIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OFFICE (PMO), pleases, join or refrain from joining an association.43
Petitioner, v. ANTONIO V. BAÑEZ, LUISITA BAÑEZ
VALERA, NENA BAÑEZ HOJILLA, AND EDGARDO B.
HOJILLA, JR., Respondents. In view of the revered right of every worker to selforganization, the law expressly allows and even
encourages the formation of labor organizations. A labor organization is defined as "any union or
G.R. No. 199270, October 21, 2015 PEOPLE OF association of employees which exists in whole or in part for the purpose of collective bargaining or of
THE PHILIPPINES, PlaintiffAppellee, v. VERGEL dealing with employers concerning terms and conditions of employment."44 A labor organization has two
ANCAJAS AND ALLAIN ANCAJAS, AccusedAppellants. broad rights: (1) to bargain collectively and (2) to deal with the employer concerning terms and
conditions of employment. To bargain collectively is a right given to a union once it registers itself with
G.R. No. 206910, October 14, 2015 PEOPLE OF the DOLE. Dealing with the employer, on the other hand, is a generic description of interaction between
THE PHILIPPINES, PlaintiffAppellee, v. JULIET employer and employees concerning grievances, wages, work hours and other terms and conditions of
PANCHO, AccusedAppellant.
employment, even if the employees' group is not registered with the DOLE.45
G.R. No. 208015, October 14, 2015 PEOPLE OF
THE PHILIPINES, PlaintiffAppellee, v. RONWALDO A union refers to any labor organization in the private sector organized for collective bargaining and for
LAFARAN Y ACLAN, AccusedAppellant. other legitimate purpose,46 while a workers' association is an organization of workers formed for the
mutual aid and protection of its members or for any legitimate purpose other than collective
G.R. No. 184076, October 21, 2015 ST. RAPHAEL bargaining.47
MONTESSORI SCHOOL, INC., REPRESENTED BY
TERESITA G. BADIOLA, Petitioner, v. BANK OF THE
Many associations or groups of employees, or even combinations of only several persons, may qualify as
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, Respondent.
a labor organization yet fall short of constituting a labor union. While every labor union is a labor
G.R. No. 215319, October 21, 2015 PEOPLE OF organization, not every labor organization is a labor union. The difference is one of organization,
THE PHILIPPINES, PlaintiffAppellee, v. APOLONIO composition and operation.48
BABOR @ "JULITO", AccusedAppellant.
Collective bargaining is just one of the forms of employee participation. Despite so much interest in and
G.R. No. 181284, October 20, 2015 LOLOY the promotion of collective bargaining, it is incorrect to say that it is the device and no other, which
UNDURAN, BARANGAY CAPTAIN ROMEO PACANA, secures industrial democracy. It is equally misleading to say that collective bargaining is the endgoal of
NESTOR MACAPAYAG, RUPERTO DOGIA, JIMMY employee representation. Rather, the real aim is employee participation in whatever form it may
TALINO, ERMELITO ANGEL, PETOY BESTO,
VICTORINO ANGEL, RUEL BOLING, JERMY ANGEL,
appear, bargaining or no bargaining, union or no union.49 Any labor organization which may or may not
BERTING SULOD, RIO BESTO, BENDIJO SIMBALAN, be a union may deal with the employer. This explains why a workers' association or organization does not
AND MARK BRAZIL, Petitioners, v. RAMON always have to be a labor union and why employeremployee collective interactions are not always
ABERASTURI, CRISTINA C. LOPEZ, CESAR LOPEZ JR., collective bargaining.50
DIONISIO A. LOPEZ, MERCEDES L. GASTON, AGNES H.
LOPEZ, EUSEBIO S. LOPEZ, JOSE MARIA S. LOPEZ, To further strengthen employee participation, Article 255 (now 261)51 of the Labor Code mandates that
ANTON B. ABERASTURI, MA. RAISSA A. VELEZ, ZOILO
workers shall have the right to participate in policy and decisionmaking processes of the establishment
ANTONIO A. VELEZ, CRISTINA ABERASTURI,
where they are employed insofar as said processes will directly affect their rights, benefits and welfare.
EDUARDO LOPEZ JR., ROSARIO S. LOPEZ, JUAN S.
LOPEZ, CESAR ANTHONY R. LOPEZ, VENANCIO L.
For this purpose, workers and employers may form LMCs.
GASTON, ROSEMARIE S. LOPEZ, JAY A. ASUNCION,
NICOLO ABERASTURI, LISA A. ASUNCION, INEZ A. A cursory reading of the law demonstrates that a common element between unionism and the formation
VERAY, HERNAN A. ASUNCION, ASUNCION LOPEZ, of LMCs is the existence of an employeremployee relationship. Where neither party is an employer nor
THOMAS A. VELEZ, LUIS ENRIQUE VELEZ, ANTONIO an employee of the other, no duty to bargain collectively would exist.52 In the same manner, expressed
H. LOPEZ, CHARLES H. LOPEZ, ANA L. ZAYCO, PILAR in Article 255 (now 261) is the requirement that such workers be employed in the establishment before
L. QUIROS, CRISTINA L. PICAZO, RENATO SANTOS, they can participate in policy and decision making processes.
GERALDINE AGUIRRE, MARIA CARMENCITA T. LOPEZ,
and as represented by attorneyinfact RAMON In contrast, the existence of employeremployee relationship is not mandatory in the formation of
ABERASTURI, Respondents.
workers' association. What the law simply requires is that the members of the workers' association, at
G.R. No. 206513, October 20, 2015 MUSTAPHA the very least, share the same interest. The very definition of a workers' association speaks of "mutual
DIMAKUTA Y MARUHOM, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF aid and protection."
THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.
Right to choose whether to form or join a union or workers' association belongs to workers themselves
G.R. No. 194159, October 21, 2015
PRESIDENTIAL COMMISSION ON GOOD In the case at bench, the Court cannot sanction the opinion of the CA that Samahan should have formed
GOVERNMENT, Petitioner, v. MA. MERCEDITAS a union for purposes of collective bargaining instead of a workers' association because the choice
NAVARROGUTIERREZ (AS THEN OMBUDSMAN), DON belonged to it. The right to form or join a labor organization necessarily includes the right to refuse or
M. FERRY, JOSE R. TENGCO, JR., ROLANDO M. ZOSA, refrain from exercising the said right. It is selfevident that just as no one should be denied the exercise
CESAR C. ZALAMEA, OFELIA I. CASTELL, AND RAFAEL
of a right granted by law, so also, no one should be compelled to exercise such a conferred right.53 Also
A. SISON, PUBLIC RESPONDENTS, RODOLFO M.
CUENCA, MANUEL I. TINIO, AND ANTONIO R. ROQUE, inherent in the right to selforganization is the right to choose whether to form a union for purposes of
PRIVATE, Respondents. collective bargaining or a workers' association for purposes of providing mutual aid and protection.
G.R. No. 214506, October 19, 2015 PEOPLE OF The right to selforganization, however, is subject to certain limitations as provided by law. For instance,
THE PHILIPPINES, PlaintiffAppellee, v. OSCAR the Labor Code specifically disallows managerial employees from joining, assisting or forming any labor
PARBA Y SOLON, AccusedAppellant. union. Meanwhile, supervisory employees, while eligible for membership in labor organizations, are
proscribed from joining the collective bargaining unit of the rank and file employees.54 Even government
G.R. No. 181683, October 07, 2015 LORENZO employees have the right to selforganization. It is not, however, regarded as existing or available for
SHIPPING CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. NATIONAL
POWER CORPORATION, Respondent.; G.R. No. purposes of collective bargaining, but simply for the furtherance and protection of their interests.55
184568 NATIONAL POWER CORPORATION,
Petitioner, v. LORENZO SHIPPING CORPORATION, Hanjin posits that the members of Samahan have definite employers, hence, they should have formed a
Respondent. union instead of a workers' association. The Court disagrees. There is no provision in the Labor Code that
states that employees with definite employers may form, join or assist unions only.
G.R. No. 197852, October 19, 2015 PASIG
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRIAL The Court cannot subscribe either to Hanjin's position that Samahan's members cannot form the
SUPPLY CORPORATION AND CELESTINO E. DAMIAN, association because they are not covered by the second sentence of Article 243 (now 249), to wit:
Petitioners, v. WILSON NIEVAREZ, ALBERTO HALINA,
GLORY VIC NUEVO, RICKY TORRES AND CORNELIO Article 243. Coverage and employees' right to selforganization. All persons employed in
BALLE, Respondent. commercial, industrial and agricultural enterprises and in religious, charitable, medical, or
educational institutions, whether operating for profit or not, shall have the right to self
G.R. No. 177600, October 19, 2015 MAYOR
organization and to form, join, or assist labor organizations of their own choosing for
ANWAR BERUA BALINDONG, LT. COL. JALANDONI
purposes of collective bargaining. Ambulant, intermittent and itinerant workers, self
COTA, MAYOR AMER ODEN BALINDONG, AND ALI
BALINDONG, Petitioners, v. COURT OF APPEALS,
employed people, rural workers and those without any definite employers may
STATE PROSECUTOR LEAH ARMAMENTO, OFFICE OF form labor organizations for their mutual aid and protection. (As amended by Batas
THE SOLICITOR GENERAL AND ZENAIDA LIMBONA, Pambansa Bilang 70, May 1, 1980) A,I,I,S,R,W
Respondents.; G.R. No. 178684 ZENAIDA M.
LIMBONA, Petitioner, v. HON. JUDGE ALEXANDER S. [Emphasis Supplied]
BALUT OF THE REGIONAL TRIAL COURT OF QUEZON
CITY, BRANCH 76, Respondent. Further, Article 243 should be read together with Rule 2 of Department Order (D.O.) No. 4003, Series of
2003, which provides:
G.R. No. 176394, October 21, 2015 COL.
ORLANDO E. DE LEON, PN (M), Petitioner, v. LT. GEN. RULE II
HERMOGENES C. ESPERON, JR., (AFP), AND SPECIAL
GENERAL COURT MARTIAL NO. 2, Respondents.; COL. COVERAGE OF THE RIGHT TO SELFORGANIZATION
ARMANDO V. BAÑEZ, PN (M), PetitionerIntervenor.;
LTC ACHILLES S. SEGUMALIAN, PN (M), Petitioner Section 1. Policy. It is the policy of the State to promote the free and responsible
Intervenor.; G.R. No. 177033 MAJOR LEOMAR JOSE exercise of the right to selforganization through the establishment of a simplified
M. DOCTOLERO O10124 (INFANTRY) PHILIPPINE mechanism for the speedy registration of labor unions and workers associations,
ARMY AND CAPTAIN WILLIAM VICTORINO F. UPANO
determination of representation status and resolution of inter/intraunion and other related
O11876 (INFANTRY) PHILIPPINE ARMY, Petitioners,
v. LT. GEN. HERMOGENES C. ESPERON, JR., CHIEF OF labor relations disputes. Only legitimate or registered labor unions shall have the right to
STAFF, ARMED FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES AND represent their members for collective bargaining and other purposes. Workers'
THE SPECIAL GENERAL COURT MARTIAL NO. 2, associations shall have the right to represent their members for purposes other than
Respondents.; G.R. No. 177304 MAJOR JASON L. collective bargaining.
AQUINO (INF) PA, Petitioner, v. GEN. HERMOGENES
C. ESPERON, JR., AS CHIEF OF STAFF OF THE ARMED Section 2. Who may join labor unions and workers' associations. All persons employed in
FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES AND APPOINTING AND commercial, industrial and agricultural enterprises, including employees of government
REVIEWING AUTHORITY OF THE SPECIAL GENERAL owned or controlled corporations without original charters established under the
COURT MARTIAL NO. 2 (SIC), AND THE SPECIAL Corporation Code, as well as employees of religious, charitable, medical or educational
GENERAL COURT MARTIAL NO. 2, Respondents.; G.R. institutions whether operating for profit or not, shall have the right to selforganization and
No. 177470 1ST LIEUTENANT ERVIN C.
to form, join or assist labor unions for purposes of collective bargaining: provided,
DIVINAGRACIA O12742 (INF), PHILIPPINE ARMY,
however, that supervisory employees shall not be eligible for membership in a labor union
Petitioner, v. LT. GEN. HERMOGENES C. ESPERON, JR.,
CHIEF OF STAFF, ARMED FORCES OF THE
of the rankandfile employees but may form, join or assist separate labor unions of their
PHILIPPINES AND THE SPECIAL GENERAL COURT own. Managerial employees shall not be eligible to form, join or assist any labor unions for
MARTIAL NO. 2, Respondents.; G.R. No. 177471 purposes of collective bargaining. Alien employees with valid working permits issued by the
CAPTAIN JOEY T FONTIVEROS O11713 (INFANTRY) Department may exercise the right to selforganization and join or assist labor unions for
PHILIPPINE ARMY, Petitioner, v. LT. GEN. purposes of collective bargaining if they are nationals of a country which grants the same
HERMOGENES C. ESPERON, JR., CHIEF OF STAFF, or similar rights to Filipino workers, as certified by the Department of Foreign Affairs.
ARMED FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES AND THE
SPECIAL GENERAL COURT MARTIAL NO. 2, For purposes of this section, any employee, whether employed for a definite period or not,
Respondent. shall beginning on the first day of his/her service, be eligible for membership in any labor
organization.
G.R. No. 172902, October 21, 2015 RAMON IKE V.
SEÑERES, Petitioner, v. DELFIN JAY M. SABIDO IX,
All other workers, including ambulant, intermittent and other workers, the self
VICTORIA P. GARCHITORENA, WALDO Q. FLORES,
AND ESTRELLA F. ALABASTRO, Respondent. employed, rural workers and those without any definite employers may form labor
organizations for their mutual aid and protection and other legitimate purposes except
G.R. No. 171953, October 21, 2015 NATIONAL collective bargaining.
HOUSING AUTHORITY, Petitioner, v. ERNESTO
ROXAS, Respondent. [Emphases Supplied]
G.R. No. 194814, October 21, 2015 ROSARIO Clearly, there is nothing in the foregoing implementing rules which provides that workers, with definite
ENRIQUEZ VDA. DE SANTIAGO, Petitioner, v. ATTY. employers, cannot form or join a workers' association for mutual aid and protection. Section 2 thereof
JOSE A. SUING, Respondent.; G.R. NO. 194825 even broadens the coverage of workers who can form or join a workers' association. Thus, the Court
JAIME C. VISTAR, Petitioner, v. ATTY. JOSE A. SUING, agrees with Samahan's argument that the right to form a workers' association is not exclusive to
Respondent. ambulant, intermittent and itinerant workers. The option to form or join a union or a workers' association
lies with the workers themselves, and whether they have definite employers or not.
G.R. No. 166391, October 21, 2015 MICROSOFT
CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. ROLANDO D.
No misrepresentation on the part of Samahan to warrant cancellation of registration
MANANSALA AND/OR MEL MANANSALA, DOING
BUSINESS AS DATAMAN TRADING COMPANY AND/OR
COMIC ALLEY, Respondent. In this case, Samahan's registration was cancelled not because its members were prohibited from
forming a workers' association but because they allegedly committed misrepresentation for using the
G.R. No. 161006, October 14, 2015 ROGELIO phrase, "KAMI, ang mga Manggagawa sa HAN JIN Shipyard."
BARONDA, Petitioner, v. HON. COURT OF APPEALS,
AND HIDECO SUGAR MILLING CO., INC., Misrepresentation, as a ground for the cancellation of registration of a labor organization, is committed
Respondents. "in connection with the adoption, or ratification of the constitution and bylaws or amendments thereto,
the minutes of ratification, the list of members who took part in the ratification of the constitution and
G.R. No. 161006, October 14, 2015 ROGELIO bylaws or amendments thereto, and those in connection with the election of officers, minutes of the
BARONDA, Petitioner, v. HON. COURT OF APPEALS,
election of officers, and the list of voters, xxx."56
AND HIDECO SUGAR MILLING CO., INC.,
Respondents.
In Takata Corporation v. Bureau of Relations,57 the DOLE Regional Director granted the petition for the
G.R. No. 161006, October 14, 2015 ROGELIO cancellation of certificate of registration of Samahang Lakas Manggagawa sa Takata (Salamat) after
BARONDA, Petitioner, v. HON. COURT OF APPEALS, finding that the employees who attended the organizational meeting fell short of the 20% union
AND HIDECO SUGAR MILLING CO., INC., registration requirement. The BLR, however, reversed the ruling of the DOLE Regional Director, stating
Respondents. that petitioner Takata Corporation (Takata) failed to prove deliberate and malicious misrepresentation on
the part of respondent Salamat. Although Takata claimed that in the list of members, there was an
G.R. No. 212861, October 14, 2015 MELVIN P. employee whose name appeared twice and another was merely a project employee, such facts were not
MALLO, Petitioner, v. SOUTHEAST ASIAN COLLEGE, considered misrepresentations in the absence of showing that the respondent deliberately did so for the
INC. AND EDITA ENATSU, Respondents.
purpose of increasing their union membership. The Court ruled in favor of Salamat.
In S.S. Ventures International v. S.S. Ventures Labor Union,58 the petition for cancellation of certificate
of registration was denied. The Court wrote:
If the union's application is infected by falsification and like serious irregularities,
especially those appearing on the face of the application and its attachments, a union
should be denied recognition as a legitimate labor organization. Prescinding from
these considerations, the issuance to the Union of Certificate of Registration No. RO300
0002UR0003 necessarily implies that its application for registration and the supporting
documents thereof are prima facie free from any vitiating irregularities. Another factor
which militates against the veracity of the allegations in the Sinumpaang Petisyon is the
lack of particularities on how, when and where respondent union perpetrated the
alleged fraud on each member. Such details are crucial for in the proceedings for
cancellation of union registration on the ground of fraud or misrepresentation,
what needs to be established is that the specific act or omission of the union deprived the
complaining employeesmembers of their right to choose.
[Emphases Supplied]
Based on the foregoing, the Court concludes that misrepresentation, to be a ground for the cancellation
of the certificate of registration, must be done maliciously and deliberately. Further, the mistakes
appearing in the application or attachments must be grave or refer to significant matters. The details as
to how the alleged fraud was committed must also be indubitably shown.
The records of this case reveal no deliberate or malicious intent to commit misrepresentation on the part
of Samahan. The use of such words "KAMI, ang mga Manggagawa sa HANJIN Shipyard" in the preamble
of the constitution and bylaws did not constitute misrepresentation so as to warrant the cancellation of
Samahan's certificate of registration. Hanjin failed to indicate how this phrase constitutes a malicious and
deliberate misrepresentation. Neither was there any showing that the alleged misrepresentation was
serious in character. Misrepresentation is a devious charge that cannot simply be entertained by mere
surmises and conjectures.
Even granting arguendo that Samahan's members misrepresented themselves as employees or workers
of Hanjin, said misrepresentation does not relate to the adoption or ratification of its constitution and by
laws or to the election of its officers.
Removal of the word "Hanjin Shipyard" from the association's name, however, does not infringe on
Samahan's right to selforganization
Nevertheless, the Court agrees with the BLR that "Hanjin Shipyard" must be removed in the name of the
association. A legitimate workers' association refers to an association of workers organized for mutual aid
and protection of its members or for any legitimate purpose other than collective bargaining registered
with the DOLE.59 Having been granted a certificate of registration, Samahan's association is now
recognized by law as a legitimate workers' association.
According to Samahan, inherent in the workers' right to selforganization is its right to name its own
organization. It seems to equate the dropping of words "Hanjin Shipyard" from its name as a restraint in
its exercise of the right to selforganization. Hanjin, on the other hand, invokes that "Hanjin Shipyard" is
a registered trade name and, thus, it is within their right to prohibit its use.
As there is no provision under our labor laws which speak of the use of name by a workers' association,
the Court refers to the Corporation Code, which governs the names of juridical persons. Section 18
thereof provides:
No corporate name may be allowed by the Securities and Exchange Commission if the
proposed name is identical or deceptively or confusingly similar to that of any existing
corporation or to any other name already protected by law or is patently deceptive,
confusing or contrary to existing laws. When a change in the corporate name is approved,
the Commission shall issue an amended certificate of incorporation under the amended
name.
[Emphases Supplied]
The policy underlying the prohibition in Section 18 against the registration of a corporate name which is
"identical or deceptively or confusingly similar" to that of any existing corporation or which is "patently
deceptive" or "patently confusing" or "contrary to existing laws," is the avoidance of fraud upon the
public which would have occasion to deal with the entity concerned, the evasion of legal obligations and
duties, and the reduction of difficulties of administration and supervision over corporations.60
For the same reason, it would be misleading for the members of Samahan to use "Hanjin Shipyard" in its
name as it could give the wrong impression that all of its members are employed by Hanjin.
Further, Section 9, Rule IV of D.O. No. 4003, Series of 2003 explicitly states:
The change of name of a labor organization shall not affect its legal personality. All the
rights and obligations of a labor organization under its old name shall continue to be
exercised by the labor organization under its new name.
Thus, in the directive of the BLR removing the words "Hanjin Shipyard," no abridgement of Samahan's
right to selforganization was committed.
WHEREFORE, the petition is PARTIALLY GRANTED. The July 4, 2013 Decision and the January 28,
2014 Resolution of the Court of Appeals are hereby REVERSED and SET ASIDE. The September 6, 2010
Resolution of the Bureau of Labor Relations, as modified by its November 28, 2011 Resolution, is
REINSTATED.
SO ORDERED.
chanroblesvirtuallawlibrary
Brion,*(Acting Chairperson), Peralta,**Del Castillo, and Leonen, JJ., concur.
Endnotes:
* Per Special Order No. 2222, dated September 29, 2015.
** Per Special Order No. 2223, dated September 29, 2015.
1Rollo pp. 2230; penned by Associate Justice Hakim S. Abdulwahid, with Associate Justice
Marlene GonzalesSison and Associate Justice Edwin D. Sorongon, concurring.
2 Id. at 32.
3 CA rollo, pp. 118123.
4 Id. at 8691.
5 Id. at 31.
6 Id. at 61.
7 Id. at 6268.
8 Id. at 6975.
9 Id. at 87.
10 Id. at 53.
11 Id. at 8691.
12 Id. at 91.
13 Id. at 92100.
14 Id. at 97.
15 Id. at 101114.
16 Id. at 121.
17 Id. at 122.
18 Id. at 121.
19 Id.
20 Id. at 123.
21 Id.
22 Id. at 124140.
23 Id. at 2930.
24 Id. at 30.
25 Id. at 321.
26 Id. at 144145.
27 Id at 148151.
28 Id. at 159163.
29 Id. at 167168.
30 Id. at 183222.
31 Id. at 192.
32 Id. at 220.
33 Id. at 238242.
34 Id. at 246267.
35 Id. at 279.
36 Id. at 278.
37Rollo, pp. 2930.
38 Id. at 12.
39 Id. at 15.
40 Comment, id. at 5073.
41 Reply, id. at 96102.
42 Article 211 (now 217), Labor Code of the Philippines.
43Knitjoy Mfg., Inc. v. FerrerCalleja, G.R. No. 81883, September 23, 1992, 214 SCRA
174.
44 Article 218 (g), Labor Code of the Philippines.
45 Azucena, The Labor Code with Comments and Cases, Volume 2, p. 127 (1996); Pascual,
Labor Relations Law, pp. 3536.
46 Section 1 (zz), Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code.
47 Section 1 (ccc), Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code.
48 Azucena, p. 13, The Labor Code with Comments and Cases, Volume 2, 7th Edition,
2010.
49 Azucena, p. 417, The Labor Code with Comments and Cases, Volume 2, 7th Edition,
2010.
50 Supra note 45.
51 Article 255. Exclusive bargaining representation and workers' participation in policy and
decisionmaking. The labor organization designated or selected by the majority of the
employees in an appropriate collective bargaining unit shall be the exclusive representative
of the employees in such unit for the purpose of collective bargaining. However, an
individual employee or group of employees shall have the right at any time to present
grievances to their employer.
Any provision of law to the contrary notwithstanding, workers shall have the right, subject
to such rules and regulations as the Secretary of Labor and Employment may promulgate,
to participate in policy and decisionmaking processes of the establishment where they are
employed insofar as said processes will directly affect their rights, benefits and welfare. For
this purpose, workers and employers may form labormanagement councils: Provided,
That the representatives of the workers in such labormanagement councils shall be
elected by at least the majority of all employees in said establishment.
52Allied Free Workers Union v. Compania Maritima, 19 Phil. 258, 278279 (1967).
(Azucena 351)
53Reyes v. Trajano, 209 Phil. 484, 4891992).
54 Section 2, Rule 2, Department Order No. 4003, Series of 2003.
55Arizala v. Court of Appeals, 267 Phil. 615, 629 (1990).
56 Section 3, Rule XIV, Department Order No. 4003, Series of 2003.
57 G.R. No. 196276, June 4, 2014, 725 SCRA 6176.
58 581 Phil. 405 (2008).
59 Section 1(ff), Rule 1, Department Order No. 4003, Series of 2003.
60Lyceum of the Philippines v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 101897, March 5, 1993, 219
SCRA 610, 615.
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