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    Hydrographic Report

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    Mars Earthlings
    Hydrographic surveying is the science of measuring and describing features affecting maritime navigation, construction, and resource exploration. It involves obtaining depth measurements and locating seabed and shoreline features using techniques like lead lines, wire drags, single beam and multibeam sonar. The data is used to create nautical charts and for engineering, coastal management, and scientific purposes. Key equipment includes echo sounders, side scan sonar, and LiDAR. National hydrographic offices are responsible for hydrographic data collection and charting in their countries.

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    Hydrographic Report

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    Mars Earthlings
    78 views22 pages
    Hydrographic surveying is the science of measuring and describing features affecting maritime navigation, construction, and resource exploration. It involves obtaining depth measurements and locating seabed and shoreline features using techniques like lead lines, wire drags, single beam and multibeam sonar. The data is used to create nautical charts and for engineering, coastal management, and scientific purposes. Key equipment includes echo sounders, side scan sonar, and LiDAR. National hydrographic offices are responsible for hydrographic data collection and charting in their countries.

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    Civil engineering hydrograph ppt.

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    Hydrographic surveying is the science of measuring and describing features affecting maritime navigation, construction, and resource exploration. It involves obtaining depth measurements and locating seabed and shoreline features using techniques like lead lines, wire drags, single beam and multibeam sonar. The data is used to create nautical charts and for engineering, coastal management, and scientific purposes. Key equipment includes echo sounders, side scan sonar, and LiDAR. National hydrographic offices are responsible for hydrographic data collection and charting in their countries.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    78 views22 pages

    Hydrographic Report

    Uploaded by

    Mars Earthlings
    Hydrographic surveying is the science of measuring and describing features affecting maritime navigation, construction, and resource exploration. It involves obtaining depth measurements and locating seabed and shoreline features using techniques like lead lines, wire drags, single beam and multibeam sonar. The data is used to create nautical charts and for engineering, coastal management, and scientific purposes. Key equipment includes echo sounders, side scan sonar, and LiDAR. National hydrographic offices are responsible for hydrographic data collection and charting in their countries.

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    is the science of measurement and description

    of features which affect maritime navigation,


    marine construction, dredging, offshore oil
    exploration/drilling and related activities.
    Strong emphasis is placed on soundings,
    shorelines, tides, currents, sea floor and
    submerged obstructions that relate to the
    previously mentioned activities.
    History of Hydrographic Surveying

    (Pre-1940)
    LEAD LINE SURVEY WIRE DRAG SURVEYING
    (1940’s-1980’s) (1990-present)
    Single Beam Multibeam
    Hydrographic Survey is characterized by
    the observation and measurements which are
    undertaken to determine and subsequently
    portray the topography above and beneath the
    water surface. As well as to locate important
    marine features.
    Sounding
    The term use in hydrographic
    survey which mean depth of water.
    Method in locating soundings:
     By means of boat towed at uniform speed along a known
    range line at equal interval of time.
     By means of range line and an angle from the shore
     By means of range line and an angle from the boat
     Two angles from the shore
     Two angles taken simultaneously at the boat by using
    sextant and three station on the shore
     By transit and stadia
     By intersection of fixed ranges
     By wire stretch along a river of known distance
     By electronics positioning system
    The principal objective of most hydrographic
    surveys, is to obtain basic data for the compilation
    of nautical charts with emphasis on the features
    that may affect safe navigation. Other objectives
    include acquiring the information necessary for
    related marine navigational products and for
    coastal zone management, engineering, and
    science.
    Bathymetric chart
    - is the submerged equivalent of an above-water topographic
    map . Bathymetric charts are designed to present accurate,
    measurable description and visual presentation of the
    submerged terrain. Bathymetry is the foundation of the
    science of hydrography, which measures the physical
    features of a water body. Hydrography includes not only
    bathymetry, but also the shape and features of the shoreline;
    the characteristics of tides, currents, and waves; and the
    physical and chemical properties of the water itself.
    - can be expected to be accurate to within ± 10 cm
    Nautical Chart
    is a graphic representation of a maritime area and adjacent coastal
    regions. Depending on the scale of the chart, it may show depths
    of water and heights of land (topographic map), natural features of the
    seabed, details of the coastline, navigational hazards, locations of
    natural and human-made aids to navigation information on tides
    and currents local details of the earth’s magnetic field, and human-
    made structures such as harbors , buildings and bridges. Nautical
    charts are essential tools for marine navigation; many countries require
    vessels, especially commercial ships, to carry them. Nautical charting
    may take the form of charts printed on paper or computerized electronic
    navigational chart.
     ensures the coastal resources were safe and healthy
     resource exploitation - fishing, minerals, ...
     environmental protection and management
     maritime boundary delimitation
     national marine spatial data infrastructures
     recreational boating
     maritime defense and security
     tsunami flood and inundation modeling
     coastal zone management
     tourism
     marine science
    Purpose
     Determination of channel depth for navigation
     Determination of quantities of bottom excavation
     Location of rocks, sand bars and navigation aids
     Measurement of areas subject to scour or sitting
     For offshore structure sitting
     For river flood control
     For power development such as dam construction
     For water supply like reservoir construction
     Bridges, pipeline crossing
     Underground cable crossing
     Water storage
    Essential Hydrographic Survey Equipments
    Echo sounder

    - is a device used to determine


    the depth of the water and the
    nature of the sea bed
    - is a device offered with a
    210kHz transducer as standard,
    and uses sophisticated digital
    signal processing procedures to
    ensure high accuracy and
    dependable bottom tracking. It
    reflects sound from ocean floor.
    Sound Velocity Profiler

    - is a device that is used for


    measuring the speed of
    sound, specifically in the
    water column, for
    oceanographic and
    hydrographic research
    purposes.
    Side Scan Sonar

    -is a specialized system for detecting objects on the


    seafloor. It transmits sound energy and analyzes the
    return signal(echo) that has bounced off the
    seashore or other objects.
    LiDar (Light Direction And Ranging)
    - a device used to measure
    distance or depth by
    analyzing pulses of laser
    light reflected off an
    object and acquire data in
    areas with complex and
    rugged shorelines. These
    are typically aircraft-
    mounted and provide
    seamless coverage
    between land and sea.
    Survey Vessel
    - is any type of ship or boat that is used for mapping. It
    is a type of research vessel. It’s task is to map to the
    bottom, benthic zone, full water column, and surface
    for the purpose of:
     Hydrography
     General oceanography
     Marine habitats, etc.
     Dredging
     Marine archeology
    NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL MARITIME
    HYDROGRAPHY
    The IHO(International Hydrographic Organization) publishes Standards and
    Specifications followed by member states as well as Memoranda of Understanding and Co-
    operative Agreements with hydrographic survey interests.

     United Kingdom - British Admiralty Hydrographic Office


     Argentina – Argentine Hydrographic established in 1879.
     Australia - provided by the Royal Australian Hydrographic Service.
     Canada. Hydrographic services are provided by the Canadian Hydrographic Service.
     France. Hydrographic services are provided by the Naval Hydrographic and Oceanographic
    Service
     Germany. Hydrographic services are provided by the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic
    Agency
     Iceland. Hydrographic services are provided by the Iceland Coast Guard- Hydrographic
    Department
     India. Hydrographic services are provided by the National Hydrographic Office
     United States-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
     Philippines – National Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NMRIA) 1987
    Finn 

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