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Types of Matrix: Definition

Matrices are rectangular arrays of numbers or functions that are useful tools in mathematics for solving systems of linear equations. There are several types of matrices including square, rectangular, row, column, diagonal, scalar, unit/identity, and zero matrices. Operations on matrices include adding, subtracting, and multiplying matrices by following rules for performing operations on the corresponding elements.

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87 views3 pages

Types of Matrix: Definition

Matrices are rectangular arrays of numbers or functions that are useful tools in mathematics for solving systems of linear equations. There are several types of matrices including square, rectangular, row, column, diagonal, scalar, unit/identity, and zero matrices. Operations on matrices include adding, subtracting, and multiplying matrices by following rules for performing operations on the corresponding elements.

Uploaded by

Md Ibrahim
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction: Types of Matrix

The knowledge of matrices is necessary in various branches of mathematics.


Matrices are one of the most powerful tools in mathematics. This mathematics tool
Rectangular Matrix
simplifies our work to a great extent when compared with other straight forward Square Matrix
method. The evolution of concept of matrices is the result of an attempt to obtain
compact and simple method of salving systems of linear equations. Row Matrix
Column Matrix
Definition: Diagonal Matrix
A matrices is an ordered rectangular array of numbers or functions. The numbers or Scalar Matrix
functions are called the elements or the entries of the matrix.
A matrix is a rectangular array (arrangement) of numbers real or imaginary or Unit Matrix or Identity Matrix
functions kept inside braces () or [ ]subject to certain rules of operations .
Zero Matrix or Null Matrix

Types of Matrix Cont.


Rectangular Matrix
A Matrix in which number of rows is not equal to number of columns it is called Row Matrix:
as rectangular matrix. A matrix with a single row and any number of columns is called a row
A= 3 2 1 matrix.
4 3 2 Example: A= 1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3

Column Matrix:
Square Matrix:
A matrix with a single columns and any number of rows is called a
A matrix with equal number of rows and columns (i.e. m = n) is called as square
column matrix.
matrix.
Example:
A= 1 2 1
2 1 2 1
1 2 1 A= 2
3
Cont. Cont.
Diagonal Matrix: Unit matrix or Identity matrix:
A diagonal matrix is a square matrix in which all the elements except When the diagonal elements are one and no diagonal elements are zero then
those on the leading are zero. the matrix is called as unit matrix or identity matrix. A unit matrix is always as
square matrix.
Example: 2 0 0 Example:
A= 0 5 0 1 0 0
0 0 7 A= 0 1 0
Scalar Matrix: 0 0 1
A diagonal matrix in which all the diagonal elements are equal is called
the scalar matrix. Zero matrix or Null matrix:
A matrix in which every element is zero is called a zero matrix or null matrix.
Example:
Example:
3 0 0 0 0 0
A= 0 3 0 0 0 0
0 0 3 0 0 0

Operation On Matrix Cont.

Equality Matrices Equality Matrices :


Two Matrices are said to be equal if they have the
Addition of matrices. same order & all the corresponding elements are equal.
Subtraction of matrices.
Addition of matrices:
Multiplication of matrices.
The sum of two matrices of the same order is the matrix
whose elements are the sum of the corresponding
elements of the given matrices.
Cont
Subtraction of matrices:
Subtraction of the matrices is also done in the same
manner of addition of matrices. When the matrix B is to
be subtracted from matrix A, the elements in matrix B
are subtracted from corresponding elements in matrix A.

Multiplication of matrices:
A matrix may be multiplied by any one number or any
other matrix. Multiplication of a matrix by any one
number is called a scalar multiplication .One matrix may
also be multiplied by other matrix.

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