Answer Latihan 6 Oligopoli

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ANSWER to LATIHAN ON OLIGOPOLI

Question 1:
Two firm produce luxury sheepskin auto seat covers: Western where (ww) and B.B.B sheep
(BBBS).Each firmhas a cost function given by C(q)= 30q + 1.5q², the market demand for these
seat covers is representad by the inverse demand equation p= 300 – 3Q where Q=𝑄1 + 𝑄2 .if each
firmacts to maximize its profits,taking its reval´s output as given (i.e, the firms behave as cournot
oligopolists). What will be the equilibrium quantities selected by each firm? What is total output
and what is the market price? What are the profits for each firm?

ANSWER

Given:
C(q) = 30Q + 1.5Q²
Dm: p= 300 -3Q
Q = 𝑸𝟏 + 𝑸𝟐
SO
P= 300 -3𝑸𝟏 - 3𝑸𝟐
𝑻𝑹𝟏 = P.𝒒𝟏
= (300 - 3𝑸𝟏 - 3𝑸𝟐 )𝑸𝟏
= 300𝑸𝟏 - 3𝑸𝟏 ² - 3𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟐
𝜹𝑻𝑹
𝑴𝑹𝟏 = = 300 -6𝑸𝟏 - 3𝑸𝟐
𝜹𝑸𝟏
𝑴𝑹𝟏 = 𝑴𝑪𝟏
300 -6𝑸𝟏 - 3𝑸𝟐 = 30 + 3𝑸𝟏
-6𝑸𝟏 - 3𝑸𝟏 - 3𝑸𝟐 = -300 + 30
-9𝑸𝟏 = -270 + 3𝑸𝟐
𝑸𝟏 = -270 + 3𝑸𝟐
-9
𝑸𝟏 = 30 – 0.3𝑸𝟐 1

𝑻𝑹𝟐 = P.𝒒𝟐
= (300 - 3𝑸𝟏 - 3𝑸𝟐 )𝑸𝟐
= 300𝑸𝟐 - 3𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟐 - 3𝑸𝟐 ²

𝜹𝑻𝑹𝟐
𝑴𝑹𝟐 = 𝜹𝑸𝟐
= 300 - 3𝑸𝟏 -6𝑸𝟐

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ANSWER to LATIHAN ON OLIGOPOLI

𝑴𝑹𝟐 = 𝑴𝑪𝟐
300 -3𝑸𝟏 - 6𝑸𝟐 = 30 + 3𝑸𝟐
-3𝑸𝟏 - 6𝑸𝟐 - 3𝑸𝟐 = -300 + 30
-9𝑸𝟐 = -270 + 3𝑸𝟏
𝑸𝟐 = -270 + 3𝑸𝟏
-9
𝑸𝟐 = 30 – 0.3𝑸𝟏 2

Gantikan 2 dalam 1
𝑸𝟏 = 30 – 0.3 ( 30 – 0.3𝑸𝟏 )
𝑸𝟏 = 30 - 9 + 0.09𝑸𝟏
0.09𝑸𝟏 = 21
𝑸𝟏 = 23.08

𝑸𝟐 = 30 – 0.3 ( 23.08)
𝑸𝟐 = 30 – 6.92
𝑸𝟐 = 23.08

Qm = 𝑸𝟏 + 𝑸𝟐
= 23.08 = 23.08
= 46.16
Pm = 300 -3 (46.16)
= 300 – 138.48
= 161.52

Untung firma
Untung 𝑭𝟏 = 𝑻𝑹𝟏 - 𝑻𝑪𝟏
𝑻𝑹𝟏 = 300(23.08) -3 (23.08²) -3 (23.080 (23.08)
= 6924 – 3(532.69) – 3(532.69)
= 6924 – 1598.07 -1598.07
= 3727.86
𝑻𝑪𝟏 = 30Q + 1.5Q²
= 30(33.08) + 1.5(23.08²)
= 692.4 + 1.5(532.69)
= 1491.44
Untung 𝑭𝟏 = 𝑻𝑹𝟏 - 𝑻𝑪𝟏
𝝅 𝑭𝟏 = 3727.86 - 1491.44
𝝅 𝑭𝟏 = 2236.42
Untung 𝑭𝟐 = 2236.42

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ANSWER to LATIHAN ON OLIGOPOLI

Question 2:Dalam satu pasaran, dua firma bersaing dalam menentukan tingkat harga. Firma
memilih output pada tingkat Q1 dan Q2. Di beri fungsi:
P= 30-Q
Q= QA + QB ( di mana QA = output firma A , QB == output firma B)
MC=0

1) Model Cournot (barang yang serupa)


Berdasarkan fungsi permintaan di atas, berapakah harga dan kuantiti yang akan
memaksimumkan keuntungan?

ANSWER

TRA = P x QA
= (30-Q) QA
= [ 30 – (QA+QB) ] QA
= (30 – QA – QB) QA
TRA = 30QA – QA2 – QAQB

MRA = dTRA = 30 – 2QA – QB


dQ

TRB = P x QB
= (30 – Q)QB
= (30 – QA – QB)QB
TRB = 30QB – QAQB – QB2

MRB = 30 –QA – 2QB

MRA = MC
MRB = MC

Fungsi reaksi firma A :MRA = MC


30 – 2QA – QB = 0
2QA = 30 – QB
QA = 15 – 1/2QB

Fungsi reaksi firma B : MRB = MC


30 – QA – 2QB = 0
2QB = 30 – QA
QB = 15 – 1/2QA

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ANSWER to LATIHAN ON OLIGOPOLI

QA = QB

QA = 15 – 1/2QB
QB = 15 – 1/2QA

Gantikan:
QA = 15 – ½(15 – QA)
QA = 15 – 7.5 + ¼ QA
QA – ¼ QA = 7.5
3/4QA = 7.5
QA = 7.5 x 4/3
QA = 10

QB = 15 – ½(15 – ½ QB)
QB = 15 – 7.5 + 1/4QB
QB – 1/4QB = 7.5
3/4QB = 7.5
QB = 7.5 x 4/3
QB = 10

Qm = QA + QB
Qm = 10 +10
Qm = 20

P = 30 – Q
P = 30 – 20
P = 10

2) Model Stackelberg (siapa yang bergerak dulu ia mempunyai kelebihan).

Dengan menggunakan fungsi permintaan yang sama seperti Model Cournot. Cari nilai pada
harga dan kuantiti yang memaksimumkan keuntungan bagi firma A dan B mengikut kaedah
Model Stackelberg. (Andaikan firma A sebagai ketua)

ANSWER

P = 30 – Q
Q = QA + QB
MC = 0

Keluk reaksi firma B: QB = 15 – 1/2QA

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ANSWER to LATIHAN ON OLIGOPOLI

TRA = P x QA
= (30 – Q)QA
= [30 – (QA + QB)] QA
= (30 – QA – QB) QA
=30QA – QA2 – QAQB

Firma A;
TRA = 30QA – QA2 – QAQB
= 30QA – QA2 – QA (15 – 1/2QA)
=30QA – QA2 – 15QA + 1/2QA2
TRA = 15QA – 1/2QA2

MRA = 15 – QA

MRA = MC
15 – QA = 0
QA = 15

QB = 15 – 1/2QA ; bila QA = 15,


QB = 15 – ½(15)
QB = 15 – 7.5
QB = 7.5

Qm = QA + QB
Qm = 15 + 7.5
Qm = 22.5

P = 30 – Q
P = 30 – 22.5
P = 7.5

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ANSWER to LATIHAN ON OLIGOPOLI

Question 3
Terdapat dua firma bersaing dalam menentukan tingkat harga barang dalam pasaran. Mereka
memili tingkat output pada Q1 dan Q2.
P = 30 – Q
MC = 15

Dimana Q = Q1 + Q2, pada satu peringkat, kedua-dua firma mencapai MC = 0. Mengikut


keadaan biasa, MC firma 2 meningkat kepada RM15, manakala MC bagi firma 1 adalah konstan
pada MC = 0. Jelaskan apa yang akan berlaku pada harga keseimbangan bagi kedua-dua firma
ini jika keduanya bersaing harga.

ANSWER

Katakan : Firma 1 dan 2 kenakan harga pada P = RM17, maka pada tingkat harga yang sama
firma 2 boleh turunkan harga kerana MC = 15.

Oleh itu, firma 2 turunkan harga pada P = RM16. Ini menyebankan pengguna akan beralih ke
firma 2.

Sekiranya, firma 1 pula yang turunkan harga kepada, P = RM15.50 (P>MC). Oleh sebab itu,
kedua-dua firma akan turunkan harga sehingga P = MC. Ini kerana bila firma turunkan P<MC
firma akan mendapat rugi dalam pasaran.

QA

30

FA

15
E’ Cournot

10 E’ Stackelberg FB

7.5

0 10 15 30 QB

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ANSWER to LATIHAN ON OLIGOPOLI

Question 4

Diberi dua firma dengan fungsi permintaan P = 50 – 5Q, dimana Q = Q₁ + Q₂. Fungsi kos firma
ialah C₁ (Q₁) = 20 + 10Q₁ dan C₂ (Q₂) = 10 + 12Q₂.

(a) Dengan menggunakan model Cournott, berapakah harga dan kuantiti keseimbangan bagi
setiap pasaran.
(b) Dari (a) lukiskan keluk reaksi firma dan tunjukkan keseimbangan yang dicapai.

ANSWER

(a) DD: P = 50 – 5Q
Fungsi Kos: C₁(Q₁) = 20 + 10Q₁
C₂(Q₂) = 10 + 12Q₂
TC = (20 + 10Q₁) + (10 + 12Q₂)
= 20 + 10Q₁ +10 + 12Q₂
= 30 + 10Q₁ + 12Q₂
MC₁ = 10
MC₂ = 12

P = 50 – 5(Q₁ + Q₂)
P = 50 – 5Q₁ – 5Q₂
TP₁ = P x Q₁ TR₂ = P x Q₂
= (50 – 5Q₁ - 5Q₂) (Q₁) = (50 – 5Q₁ -5Q₂) (Q₂)
= 50Q₁ – 5Q₁2 - 5Q₂Q₁ = 50Q₂ -5Q₁Q₂ - 5Q₂2
MP₁ = TR₁ / Q₁ = 50 – 10Q₁ - 5Q₂ MP₂ = dTR₂ / Q₂ = 50 – 5Q₁ -10Q₂
MP₁ = TR₁ MP₂ = MC₂
50 – 10Q₁ - 5Q₂ = 10 50 – 5Q₁ - 10Q₂ = 12
40 – 10Q₁ - 5Q₂ = 0 38 – 5Q₁ - 10Q₂ = 0
40 – 5Q₂ = 10Q₁ 38 – 5Q₁ = 10Q₂
4 - ½Q₂ = Q₁ : Fungsi reaksi firma 1 3.8 - ½ Q₁ = Q₂ : Fungsi reaksi firma 2

(b) Q₁ = 4 - ½ (3.8 - ½Q₁)


Q₁ = 4 – 1.9 – 1/4Q₁
Q₁ = 1.68
Q₂ = 3.8 - ½(1.68)
Q₂ = 2.96

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LATIHAN ON OLIGOPOLI

Q₁

40

4 e

1.68

Q₂

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