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Drafting The Body

The document provides instructions for drafting the body of a research paper. It recommends starting with topic sentences for each paragraph that are based on outline points. It then suggests introducing quotes, paraphrases, and summaries with introductory tags and attribution information. Signal words should be used to smoothly transition between evidence and analysis. The last part of drafting involves writing analysis paragraphs that include a claim, evidence to support it, and commentary relating the evidence to the overall argument.

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Aeron Dizon
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58 views4 pages

Drafting The Body

The document provides instructions for drafting the body of a research paper. It recommends starting with topic sentences for each paragraph that are based on outline points. It then suggests introducing quotes, paraphrases, and summaries with introductory tags and attribution information. Signal words should be used to smoothly transition between evidence and analysis. The last part of drafting involves writing analysis paragraphs that include a claim, evidence to support it, and commentary relating the evidence to the overall argument.

Uploaded by

Aeron Dizon
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Drafting the Body

At this point in the research writing stage, you should


already have the following:

A.) notes (direct quotation, paraphrases and summary)


B.) results of your survey and/or transcripts of your interview with an
expert on the topic you chose

The next stage is for you to draft your paper and the common question
students ask is “How do I put everything together?”

Steps in Drafting the Body


1.) Start with Topic Sentences
Remember that drafts consist of paragraphs and before you can write one,
you should have a topic sentence. A topic sentence is the controlling idea
that establishes the context of the whole paragraph. Furthermore, it also
controls the other sentences following it. Usually, the major points in the
outline serve as the topic sentence of each paragraph.

2.) Introduce Quotes, Paraphrases, and Summaries with Introductory


Tags
At this phase you would be providing evidence/s for your topic sentence in
the form of direct quotations, paraphrases, and summaries. When
incorporating one of these in the draft, it is recommended that you make use
of introductory phrases. This can be done by following the formula below:

Authority's Name/Surname + (year of publication) + Verb = Introductory Phrase

Ballesteros (1998) believes that poverty is a compelling reason for child labor.

Some verbs that you might consider using


states that… claims that...
asserts that ... agrees that ...
strongly argues that ... comments that ...
suggests that ... argues that ...
says that ... maintains that …
takes the view that ... observes that ...

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believes that ... contends that ...
concludes that ... proposes that ...

3.) Use Signal Words


It is important to make use of signal words as you move from a summary,
paraphrase or direct quotation to your commentary. By employing
these, you can achieve a smooth movement from you source material to
your analysis.

List of Signal words

If your purpose is to . . . use these words or phrases

Add or Develop above all, add to this, and also, besides,


even more, furthermore, I repeat, in any
event, indeed, in fact, in other words,
likewise,
moreover, that is, too

Add Emphasis as previously stated, indeed, in fact,


surely, certainly

Compare at the same time, by the same token, in


like manner, in the same way, likewise,
similarly
Contrast but, conversely, however, in another
sense, in contrast with this, instead,
inversely, nevertheless, nonetheless,
notwithstanding, on the contrary, on the
one hand, on the other hand, rather, still,
though, to be sure, turning now to
another matter, whereas, yet

Make a Concession accepting that; albeit; although; despite;


to be sure; granted; of course, it is true;
whereas

Provide an Example a case in point, all things considered, as


an illustration, as you see, for example,
for instance, in connection with, in fact,
in other words, in particular, in this way,
just as, that is, namely, specifically, to
illustrate, thus, thus it follows

Review or Restate as has already been suggested, hitherto,


if what I have said is correct, in essence,
in other words, so far, up to this point,

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4.) Write your analysis
An analysis is simply your explanation to the result of the survey or your
interpretation of an expert’s opinion and how it relates to your argument.
Consider the table below:

Thesis statement - Laws should be implemented against child labor

Claim:

A lot of the factories that employ child labor have working environments that
predisposes children to physical harm.

Evidences/Illustration:

In a 2001 survey by the National Statistics Office, 2.4 million child laborers were
working in dangerous environments (Yordan, 2002). Out of this, 2 million from the
same survey were exposed to physical hazards. This included the risk of
accidents, exposure to electronic waves, abrupt changes in the weather and in
atmospheric conditions, especially for those involved in deep-sea diving.

(Angeles & Flores, 2006)

Analysis
The risks that child laborers face in their work conditions are immense. They are
constantly exposed to biological, physical, as well as chemical elements that may
very well be harmful for their fragile bodies to handle. It is disturbing to note how
such conditions seem to be overshadowed with the prospects of earning money.

(Angeles & Flores, 2006)

Flores, M. & Angeles M., (2006). Facts about Child Labor. De La Salle University-
Manila.

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Using your own notes, fill out the table below.

Claim:

Evidences/Illustration:

Analysis

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