Operating System

An operating System is Software that runs on Computer & manages the Computer Hardware
& provides common services for efficient execustion of various application software.

Example for Operating System

a. Microsoft Windows Operating System
b. Unix and Unix Operating system
c. MAC Operating System
d. Linux operating System
e. Google Chrome Operating System

The Brief Explanation about these Operating System

a. Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows is a family of properietary Operating System most commanly used on
Personal Computer. It is the most common family Operating System for the P.C with about
90% of the market share currently. The most widely used version of the Windows family is
Windows XP which was realeased on August 25, 2001. The newest Operating System from
the Microsoft is Windows 7 & Windows Server 2008 R2 for Server.

The following is Operating System and Edition which was developed and Marketed by
Microsoft.

Windows XP
a. Windows XP Home Edition
b. Windows XP Home Proffestional

Windows Vista
Windows Vista is an Opertaing System expressed in several variations developed by Microsoft
which was realesed on jully 22, 2005. The folowing is the edition of Windows Vista.

a. Windows Vista Home Premium

b. Windows Vista Business
c. Windows Utimate
Windows 7
It is also the newest and latest version of Operating System from Microsoft which was
manufactured on Jully 22,2009 and general retail availabliity on October 22,2009. Windows 7 is
most suitable for the business Desktop, Laptop. and Notebooks and Tablet PC”S. The editions
of Windows 7 are

a. Windows 7 ulitimate
b. Windows 7 Enterprice
c. Windowds 7 Proffectional
d. Windowds 7 Home Premium
e. Windows 7 Home Basic
f. Windows 7 Starter

b. MAC Operating System

The most advanced Operating System in the World used in APPLE’S Macintosh line of
Personal Computer and Service which was introduced in 1984. These types of Operating
System only for the INTEL Processor. The following is the Editions Mac Operating System.

a. Classic Mac Operating System (1984-2001)

b. Mac O.S X
c. Leopard
d. Snow Leopard
e. Leopard 10.5
f. 10.6 – TIGER LEOPARD

The Tiger Leopard include the following features

a. I CALL Server-2
With I call server 2 it’s easy to share the Calenders, Schedule meetings & coordinate events
with in a group work , a small business or a large Corporation. I Call Server in Snow Leopard
now offers push notifications so you and your colleagues will know immediately to an exiting
invitation.

b.Pod Cast Producer

Pod cast Producer 2 is a complete , end to end solution for encoding , publishing , and
distributing high quality Pod Cast - ideal for Employee, Training, University lectures, Presentation,
and more.

c.Wiki Server – 2
Mac O.S. X makes it easy for the groups to Collaborate and Communicate through their own
Wiki powered intranet website . It include Quick look & supports all Standads formats
including Text , Word, Excel, Powerpoint, Numbers, Keynotes,PDF’S.
d. Address Book Server
With this new Address Book Server in Snow Leopard it’s incredibly easy to share Contacts
across, multiple Computers . Address Book Server uses a new Protocol Standards for
exchanging contacts in V card formats.

c.UNIX and UNIX

Unix is an Operating System orginally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at
Bell labs. There are many different versions of Unix , although they share the common
similarities. The most popular varities of Unix are Sun Solaris, GNU/Unix.

The operating system coordinates the use of the computer's resources, allowing one person,
for example, to run a spell check program while another creates a document, lets another edit a
document while another creates graphics, and lets another user format a document -- all at the
same time, with each user oblivious to the activities of the others.

The operating system controls all of the commands from all of the keyboards and all of the data
being generated, and permits each user to believe he or she is the only person working on the
computer. The Editons and the Hiistory of Unix Operating System.

1969 The Beginning The history of UNIX starts back in 1969, when Ken Thompson, Dennis
Ritchie and others started working on the "little-used PDP-7 in a corner"
at Bell Labs and what was to become UNIX.
1971 First Edition It had a assembler for a PDP-11/20, file system, fork(), roff and ed. It was
used for text processing of patent documents.
1973 Fourth Edition It was rewritten in C. This made it portable and changed the history of
OS's.
1975 Sixth Edition UNIX leaves home. Also widely known as Version 6, this is the first to be
widely available out side of Bell Labs. The first BSD version (1.x) was
derived from V6.
1979 Seventh Edition It was a "improvement over all preceding and following Unices" [Bourne].
It had C, UUCP and the Bourne shell. It was ported to the VAX and the
kernel was more than 40 Kilobytes (K).
1980 Xenix Microsoft introduces Xenix. 32V and 4BSD introduced.
1982 System III AT&T's UNIX System Group (USG) release System III, the first public
release outside Bell Laboratories. SunOS 1.0 ships. HP-UX introduced.
Ultrix-11 Introduced.
1983 System V Computer Research Group (CRG), UNIX System Group (USG) and a third
group merge to become UNIX System Development Lab. AT&T announces
UNIX System V, the first supported release. Installed base 45,000.
1984 4.2BSD University of California at Berkeley releases 4.2BSD, includes
TCP/IP, new signals and much more. X/Open formed.
1984 SVR2 System V Release 2 introduced. At this time there are 100,000 UNIX
installations around the world.
1986 4.3BSD 4.3BSD released, including internet name server. SVID introduced. NFS
shipped. AIX announced. Installed base 250,000.
1987 SVR3 System V Release 3 including STREAMS, TLI, RFS. At this time there are
750,000 UNIX installations around the world. IRIX introduced.
1988   POSIX.1 published. Open Software Foundation (OSF) and UNIX
International (UI) formed. Ultrix 4.2 ships.
1989   AT&T UNIX Software Operation formed in preparation for spinoff of USL.
Motif 1.0 ships.
1989 SVR4 UNIX System V Release 4 ships, unifying System V, BSD and Xenix.
Installed base 1.2 million.
1990 XPG3 X/Open launches XPG3 Brand. OSF/1 debuts. Plan 9 from Bell Labs ships.
1991   UNIX System Laboratories (USL) becomes a company - majority-owned by
AT&T. Linus Torvalds commences Linux development. Solaris 1.0 debuts.
1992 SVR4.2 USL releases UNIX System V Release 4.2 (Destiny). October - XPG4 Brand
launched by X/Open. December 22nd Novell announces intent to acquire
USL. Solaris 2.0 ships.
1993 4.4BSD 4.4BSD the final release from Berkeley. June 16 Novell acquires USL
Late SVR4.2MP Novell transfers rights to the "UNIX" trademark and the Single UNIX
1993 Specification to X/Open. COSE initiative delivers "Spec 1170" to X/Open
for fasttrack. In December Novell ships SVR4.2MP , the final USL OEM
release of System V
1994 Single UNIX BSD 4.4-Lite eliminated all code claimed to infringe on USL/Novell. As the
Specification new owner of the UNIX trademark, X/Open introduces the Single UNIX
Specification (formerly Spec 1170), separating the UNIX trademark from
any actual code stream.
1995 UNIX 95 X/Open introduces the UNIX 95 branding programme for
implementations of the Single UNIX Specification. Novell sells UnixWare
business line to SCO. Digital UNIX introduced. UnixWare 2.0 ships.
OpenServer 5.0 debuts.
1996   The Open Group forms as a merger of OSF and X/Open.
1997 Single UNIX The Open Group introduces Version 2 of the Single UNIX Specification,
Specification, including support for realtime, threads and 64-bit and larger processors.
Version 2 The specification is made freely available on the web. IRIX 6.4, AIX 4.3 and
HP-UX 11 ship.
1998 UNIX 98 The Open Group introduces the UNIX 98 family of brands, including Base,
Workstation and Server. First UNIX 98 registered products shipped by
Sun, IBM and NCR. The Open Source movement starts to take off with
announcements from Netscape and IBM. UnixWare 7 and IRIX 6.5 ship.
1999 UNIX at 30 The UNIX system reaches its 30th anniversary. Linux 2.2 kernel released.
The Open Group and the IEEE commence joint development of a revision
to POSIX and the Single UNIX Specification. First LinuxWorld conferences.
Dot com fever on the stock markets. Tru64 UNIX ships.
2001 Single UNIX Version 3 of the Single UNIX Specification unites IEEE POSIX, The Open
Specification, Group and the industry efforts. Linux 2.4 kernel released. IT stocks face a
Version 3 hard time at the markets. The value of procurements for the UNIX brand
exceeds $25 billion. AIX 5L ships.
2003 ISO/IEC The core volumes of Version 3 of the Single UNIX Specification are
9945:2003 approved as an international standard. The "Westwood" test suite ship
for the UNIX 03 brand. Solaris 9.0 E ships. Linux 2.6 kernel released.
2007 Apple Mac OS X certified to UNIX 03.
2008 ISO/IEC Latest revision of the UNIX API set formally standardized at ISO/IEC, IEEE
 9945:2008 and The Open Group. Adds further APIs
2009 UNIX at 40 IDC on UNIX market -- says UNIX $69 billion in 2008, predicts UNIX $74
billion in 2013

d. Linux
Linux is an Operating System that was intially craeted a Hobby by a young student Linux
Torralds at the university of Helsinki in Finland. He started the work in 1991 and he realsed a
version 0.02 and worked Stedily unit 1994 when the version 1.0.

The editions of the Linux are.

a.1998 June / Turbolinux 1.0 (kyoto), Kernel 2.2.9

b.1999 May / Turbolinux 2.0 (okinawa), Kernel 2.2.13
c.1999 Juni / Turbolinux 3.0 (karatsu), Kernel 2.2.14
d.1999 Aug. / Turbolinux 4.0 (--), Kernel 2.2.15
e.2000 März / Turbolinux 4.2 (--), Kernel 2.2.17
f.2001 Aug. / Turbolinux 6.0 (--), Kernel 2.4.3
g.2001 Nov. / Turbolinux 7.0 (monza), Kernel 2.4.8
h.2002 May / Turbolinux 7.0S (esprit), Kernel 2.4.18
i.2002 Juli / Turbolinux 8.0 (silverstone), Kernel 2.4.19, gcc 3.2
j.2002 Okt. / Turbolinux 8.0S (vitamin), gcc 2.96, Kernel 2.4.18
k.2003 Okt. / Turbolinux 10D
l.2004 May / Turbolinux 10F
m.2004 Okt. / Turbolinux 10S
n.2006 May / Turbolinux 11

e. Google Chrome Operating System.

Google Chrome OS is an upcoming Linux-based, open source operating system designed by Google
to work exclusively with web applications. Announced on July 7, 2009, Chrome OS is set to have a
publicly available stable release during the second half of 2010.
Chrome OS will not be available as a download to run and install. Instead, the operating system will
only ship on specific hardware from Google's manufacturing partners. The user interface takes a
minimalist approach, resembling that of the Chrome web browser. Because the only application on
the device will be a browser incorporating a media player, Google Chrome OS is aimed at users who
spend most of their time on the Internet