Lab Report 1

Title Page
Manipal University
Department of Chemical Engineering
CE 1531- TRANSPORT PHENOMENA LABORATORY-II

III YEAR, 6TH SEMESTER, 2016
EXPERIMENT 1
Pipe Friction Losses
INSTRUCTOR:
Anand Gupta Chakinala
GROUP 9
MEMBERS:
Mustafa Barwaniwala
Shruti Katti
Sriraj Mestry
Experiment carried on: August 04, 2017
Report submitted on: August 10, 2017
PRELAB (10) ______

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (10) ______
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES/SCOPE/PROCEDURE (30) _____
RESULTS & DISCUSSION (30) ______
CONCLUSIONS (5) ______
REFERENCES (5) ______
APPENDIX
a) Original data, sample calculations, other information (5) ______
GENERAL COMPLETENESS
a) Conciseness and neatness (5) ______
TOTAL (100) ______
1|Page
Contents
Topic Page No.

Executive summary 3
Introduction 4
Objective 4
Scope 4
Experimental Set-up 5
Result 7
Conclusion 8
Refrences 8
Appendix 9
2|Page
Executive Summary
In this experiment we try to find the friction factor for the pipe at different
volumetric flowrates. To change the volumetric flow rates we use the bypass
valve. The apparatus used is pipe friction apparatus it has two pipes attached to
it 0.75 inch 0.5 inch diameter each.
First the main power is switched on and then the sump tank is filled with water.
Control valve for one pipe is opened and is kept closed for the other one. Start
the pump and manometer reading is taken. Flow diverter is used collect the
water in measuring tank for sixty seconds. Readings from the measuring tank is
taken. Above steps are repeated for the second pipe also.
Friction factor equations are used to calculate friction factor from Reynold’s no.
To calculate Reynold’s No. volumetric flow rate is calculated using the
measuring tank and a stopwatch and pressure head is noted from the
manometer. Volumetric flow rate is divided with cross sectional area to give
velocity using which Reynold’s no. is calculated.
Friction factor obtained for the two pipes is the result of the experiment.
Different formulas are used for laminar and turbulent flows.
3|Page
Introduction
In this experiment we determine the friction factor for the given pipes by
measuring the pressure drop across them and volumetric flow rate of water
through them.
Pipe Friction apparatus is used to carry out the experiment. Pressure drop is
measured using the manometer attached in the apparatus and volumetric flow
rate is calculated using the measurement tank and a stopwatch.
This experiment is very useful in industries where pipes are used for liquid
transportation example food processing industry, chemical industries.
Objective
Determine losses due to friction and friction factor or to obtain friction factor
for the given pipes.
Scope
Determine the pressure drop across the pipes.
Determine the volumetric flow rate through the pie.
Calculate Reynold’s no.
Determine whether turbulent or laminar flow.
Calculate friction factor accordingly
4|Page
Experimental Set-up
(a) Procedure :
1. Switch on power supply.

2. Fill up the sump tank.
3. Start the pump and take the manometer readings.
4. Use the flow diverter to collect water in the measuring tank for 20
seconds. Take the reading form measuring tank.
5. Repeat the above steps for second pipe.
6. Drain all of the fluid using drain valve for the sump tank and measuring
tank.
7. Close all the valves.
8. Shut down the power supply.
(B) Analysis :
5|Page
(C) Terms and Definitions :
 Slump tank: tank to collect water.

 Flow diverter: A channel the divides measuring tank from slump
tank
 Level indicator: transparent pipe which shows the height of water in
measuring tank
 Measuring tank: to measure the volume of fluid in a specific amount
of time
 Drain valve for measuring tank: to drain water from the measuring
tank
 Control valve: to control flow of fluid in the given pipe
 Pressure tapping: connection in the pipe without interrupting the
flow to calculate the head
 Control panel: consisting of on and off indicators
 Manometer: to measure the difference of head in between two
pressure tappings in the pipe. It consists of valve to control the flow.
And this manometer is filled with mercury as we observe measurable
pressure drop
 Bypass valve: to keep a check on load on pump. It is usually kept
partially open as per the flowrate required.
 Pump: used to pump the fluid from the slump tank to the above
pipes. It is situated at the bottom left corner of the apparatus.
 Drain valve for slump tank: to drain the fluid at the end of the
experiment.
6|Page
Results
Equations Involved:
𝐴.𝑅 𝑉 𝜋𝑑𝑙 64 0.184
𝑉= 𝑣= 𝑎= 𝑓= if Re<21000 𝑓=
𝑇 𝑎 2 𝑅𝑒 (𝑁𝑟𝑒)0.2
Sno Pipe Manom T R Volum Veloci Reynol Friction

. Diamet eter (s) (cm etric ty d's No. Factor
er Readin ) flow (cm/s)
(cm) g ate
1 1.91 0.9 20 15.9 668.19 233.32 48973.3 0.02122
7 868 8297 393
2 1.91 1.1 20 16.5 693.41 242.13 50821.4 0.02106
2 355 3654 7278
3 1.91 0.3 20 7.8 327.79 114.46 24024.6 0.02447
5 321 9642 2945
4 1.27 1.8 20 9.4 395.03 312.00 43543.2 0.02172
5 279 4646 8696
5 1.27 5.3 20 16.4 689.21 544.34 75969.0 0.01943
529 683 974
6 1.27 0.9 20 7.4 310.98 245.61 34278.7 0.02279
5 922 2594 3598
Friction Factor V/S Velocity

0.0300
0.0250
0.0200
Friction Factor
0.0150 Pipe 1
Pipe 2
0.0100
0.0050
0.0000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Velocity cm/s
7|Page
Conclusion & Recommendations:
 We conclude that the average friction factor for 1.91 cm diameter pipe is
0.0222 and for 1.27 cm diameter pipe is 0.0213.
 The Flow in the pipe is in turbulent region.
 Different fluids could be used to study friction factor for different fluids.
 More than two pipes could have been used to compare results.
References
1. Principles of unit operations, 2nd edition by Alan S. Foust, Leonard A.

Wensel, Curtis W. Clump, Louis Maus, and L. Bryce Anderson published
by John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980
8|Page
Appendix
S no. Pipe Manometer T R Volumetric

Diameter Differnce(cm) (s) (cm) Flow Rate
(cm) (cm^3/s)
1 1.91 0.9 20 15.9 668.197
2 1.91 1.1 20 16.5 693.412
3 1.91 0.3 20 7.8 327.795
4 1.27 1.8 20 9.4 395.035
5 1.27 5.3 20 16.4 689.21
6 1.27 0.9 20 7.4 310.985
Density of mercury: 13.6 g/cc

Density of water: 1 g/cc
Acceleration due to gravity g = 980 cm/s^2
9|Page

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Title Page

CE 1531- TRANSPORT PHENOMENA LABORATORY-II

Pipe Friction Losses

PRELAB (10) ______

Topic Page No.

1. Switch on power supply.

 Slump tank: tank to collect water.

Sno Pipe Manom T R Volum Veloci Reynol Friction

Friction Factor V/S Velocity

1. Principles of unit operations, 2nd edition by Alan S. Foust, Leonard A.

S no. Pipe Manometer T R Volumetric

Density of mercury: 13.6 g/cc

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