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EECE 2602 -- Signals and Systems in Continuous Time

Week 10 – Laplace Transform Part 2

Activities

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Activity 1
Calculate the impulse response of the following transfer
function if the specified LTIC system is causal.

(s + 4)(s + 5)
H (s) =
s(s + 2)(s − 2)

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Activity 1 Solution
(s + 4)(s + 5) k1 k k
H (s) = = + 2 + 3
s(s + 2)(s − 2) s s + 2 s − 2
(s + 4)(s + 5) 4×5
k1 = s × = = −5
s(s + 2)(s − 2) s=0 2 × (−2)
(s + 4)(s + 5) (−2 + 4)(−2 + 5) 3
k2 = (s + 2) × = =−
s(s + 2)(s − 2) s=−2 (−2)(−2 − 2) 4
(s + 4)(s + 5) (2 + 4)(2 + 5) 21
k3 = (s − 2) × = =
s(s + 2)(s − 2) s=2 (2)(2 + 2) 4
5 3 21
∴ H (s) = − − + Property 7 Re{s}>2
!s !" 4(s
# +# 2) !"
$ 4(s
# −# 2)
$
Re{s}>0 Re{s}>−2 Re{s}>2

⎡ 3 21 ⎤
∴h(t) = ⎢−5 − e−2t + e 2t ⎥ u(t)
⎣ 4 4 ⎦

Activity 2
Calculate the inverse Laplace transform of a right-sided
sequence with transfer function:

7s − 6
G(s) = 2
s −s−6

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Activity 2 Solution
7s − 6 7s − 6 k k
G(s) = 2
= = 1 + 2
s − s − 6 (s − 3)(s + 2) s + 2 s − 3
7s − 6 7 × (−2) − 6
k1 = (s + 2) = =4
(s − 3)(s + 2) s=−2 −2 − 3
7s − 6 7 × (3) − 6
k2 = (s − 3) = =3
(s − 3)(s + 2) s=3 3+ 2
4 3
∴G(s) = +
s+2 s−3
g(t) = ( 4e−2t + 3e3t ) u(t)

Activity 3
Determine the overall and steady state values of the output
of the RC series circuit below. Assume that R = 1Ω and C =
0.5F, the capacitor is uncharged at t=0, and the input signal
x(t) is:
x(t) = sin(3t)u(t)
R

+ +
x(t) C y(t)
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Activity 3 Solution
3
X(s) = L [sin(3t)u(t)] =
s2 + 9
1
1 2
H (s) = sC = =
1 1+ sRC s + 2
R+
sC
3 2 6
Y (s) = X(s)H (s) = 2 × =
s + 9 s + 2 (s + 2)(s 2 + 9)
k1 k (s − 2)
= + 22
(s + 2) (s + 9)

Activity 3 Solution (2)

k1 k2 (s − 2) k1 (s 2 + 9) + k2 s 2 − 4k2
Y (s) = + =
(s + 2) (s 2 + 9) (s + 2)(s 2 + 9)
(k1 + k2 )s 2 + 9k1 − 4k2 6
= 2
=
(s + 2)(s + 9) (s + 2)(s 2 + 9)
⎧ ⎧ 6
⎧⎪ ⎪ ⎪ k1 =
k1 + k2 = 0 ⎪ k1 = −k2 ⎪ 13
⎨ →⎨ →⎨
⎪⎩ 9k1 − 4k2 = 6 ⎪ 13k1 = 6 ⎪ k =− 6
⎪⎩ ⎪⎩ 2 13
6 6(s − 2)
Y (s) = −
13(s + 2) 13(s 2 + 9)

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Activity 3 Solution (3)

k1 k2 k3
or Y (s) = + +
(s + 2) (s + 3 j) (s − 3 j)
6 6 6
k1 = (s + 2) = =
(s + 2)(s 2 + 9) s=−2 (−2)2 + 9 13
(s + 3 j) × 6 6 (2 + 3 j)
k2 = 2
= =
(s + 2)(s + 9) s=−3 j (−3 j + 2)(−6 j) −13 j
(s − 3 j) × 6 6 (2 − 3 j)
k3 = = =
(s + 2)(s 2 + 9) s=3 j (3 j + 2)(6 j) 13 j

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Activity 3 Solution (4)

6 (2 + 3 j) (2 − 3 j)
Y (s) = − +
13(s + 2) 13 j(s + 3 j) 13 j(s − 3 j)
6 6(s − 2)
= −
13(s + 2) 13(s 2 + 9)
6 6s 4×3
= − +
13(s + 2) 13(s + 9) 13(s 2 + 9)
2

Based on Laplace transform pair:

⎡6 6 4 ⎤
y(t) = ⎢ e−2t − cos(3t) + sin(3t)⎥ u(t)
⎣13 13 13 ⎦

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Activity 3 Solution (5)

⎡6 6 4 ⎤
y(t) = ⎢ e−2t − cos(3t) + sin(3t)⎥ u(t)
⎣13 13 13 ⎦
The steady state value of the output y ss (t)
⎡ 6 4 ⎤
yss (t) = lim y(t) = ⎢− cos(3t) + sin(3t)⎥ u(t)
t→∞ ⎣ 13 13 ⎦

EECE 2602 -- Signals and Systems in Continuous Time

Activity 4
An LTI system has an impulse response h(t) with the
Laplace transfer function H(s) satisfies the following
properties:

a) the Laplace transfer function has 2 poles but no zeros;

b) the area enclosed by the impulse response is 5,
that is: ∞

∫ h(t )dt = 5
−∞

c) A pole is located at s = -1 +2j

Determine the transfer function H(s) and its ROC.

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EECE 2602 -- Signals and Systems in Continuous Time

Activity 4 Solution
Based on the given condition (a), the Laplace transfer function has 2 poles but no
zeros, so the transfer function will take the form:

K
H (s) =
(s + p1 )(s + p2 )

Given one pole is located at s=-1+2j, assume p1=-1+2j, then p2=-1-2j,

K K
H (s) = =
(s −1+ 2 j)(s −1− 2 j) (s −1) − (2 j)2
2

K K
= 2
= 2
(s −1) + 4 s − 2s + 5

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EECE 2602 -- Signals and Systems in Continuous Time

Activity 4 Solution (2)

We know that: ∞
−st
H (s) = ∫ h (t ) e dt
−∞
∞ ∞
−st
H (0) = ∫ h (t ) e dt = ∫ h (t ) dt =5
−∞ −∞

K K
∴ H (0) = 2
= = 5 ⎯⎯
→ K = 25
s − 2s + 5 s=0 5

K 25
H (s) = 2
= 2 Re{s} > −1
s − 2s + 5 s − 2s + 5

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EECE 2602 -- Signals and Systems in Continuous Time

Activity 5
Given the following differential equation:

d2y dy
2
+ 7 +12y(t) = 12x(t)
dt dt

Determine the zero-input, zero-state, and overall response

of the system produced by the input: x(t) = 2e−t u(t) . Assume
that
dy(0 − )
y(0 − ) = 5, =0
dt

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EECE 2602 -- Signals and Systems in Continuous Time

Activity 5 solution
dy(0 − )
∵ y(0 ) = 5,
−
= 0, x(t) = 2e−t u(t),
dt
2
X(s) = L [ x(t)] = L ⎡⎣2e−t u(t)⎤⎦ =
s +1
Y (S) = L[y(t)]
⎡ dy ⎤
L ⎢ ⎥ = sY (s) − y(0 − ) = sY (s) − 5
⎣ dt ⎦
⎡d2y⎤ dy(0 − ) 2
L ⎢ 2 ⎥ = s 2Y (s) − sy(0 − ) − = s Y (s) − 5s
⎣ dt ⎦ dt
24
∴⎡⎣s 2Y (s) − 5s⎤⎦ + 7 [ sY (s) − 5] +12Y (s) =
s +1 16
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EECE 2602 -- Signals and Systems in Continuous Time

Activity 5 solution (2)

24
∵⎡⎣s 2Y (s) − 5s⎤⎦ + 7 [ sY (s) − 5] +12Y (s) =
s +1
2
24 5s + 40s + 59
(s 2 + 7s +12)Y (s) = + 5s + 35 =
s +1 s +1
2 2
5s + 40s + 59 5s + 40s + 59
Y (s) = 2
=
(s +1)(s + 7s +12) (s +1)(s + 3)(s + 4)
k k k
∴Y (s) = 1 + 2 + 3
s +1 s + 3 s + 4

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EECE 2602 -- Signals and Systems in Continuous Time

Activity 5 solution (3)

5s 2 + 40s + 59 5(−1)2 + 40(−1) + 59
k1 = (s +1) = =4
(s +1)(s + 3)(s + 4) s=−1 (−1+ 3)(−1+ 4)
5s 2 + 40s + 59 5(−3)2 + 40(−3) + 59
k2 = (s +1) = =8
(s +1)(s + 3)(s + 4) s=−3 (−3+1)(−3+ 4)
5s 2 + 40s + 59 5(−4)2 + 40(−4) + 59
k3 = (s +1) = = −7
(s +1)(s + 3)(s + 4) s=−4 (−4 +1)(−4 + 3)
4 8 7
Y (s) = + −
s +1 s + 3 s + 4
Take the inverse Laplace transfor, the overall response
y(t) = ⎡⎣4e−t + 8e−3t − 7e−4t ⎤⎦ u(t)
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EECE 2602 -- Signals and Systems in Continuous Time

Activity 5 solution (4)

d2y dy
Zero-input response: 2
+ 7 +12y(t) = 0
dt dt
⎡⎣s YZI (s) − 5s⎤⎦ + 7 [ sYZI (s) − 5] +12YZI (s) = 0
2

5s + 35 5s + 35 k k
YZI (s) = 2
= = 1 + 2
s + 7s +12 (s + 3)(s + 4) s + 3 s + 4
5s + 35 5(−3) + 35
k1 = (s + 3) = = 20
(s + 3)(s + 4) s=−3 −3+ 4
5s + 35 5(−4) + 35
k2 = (s + 4) = = −15
(s + 3)(s + 4) s=−4 −4 + 3
20 15
YZI (s) = − ⎯Zero−input
⎯⎯⎯ → yZI (t) = ⎡⎣20e−3t −15e−4t ⎤⎦ u(t)
s+3 s+4
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EECE 2602 -- Signals and Systems in Continuous Time

Activity 5 solution (5)

dy(0 − )
Zero-state response: y(0 − ) = 0, =0
dt
⎡⎣s 2YZI (s)⎤⎦ + 7 [ sYZI (s)] +12YZI (s) = 24
s +1
24 k1 k k
YZI (s) = 2
= + 2 + 3
(s +1)(s + 7s +12) s +1 s + 3 s + 4
24 24
k1 = (s +1) = =4
(s +1)(s + 3)(s + 4) s=−1 (−1+ 3)(−1+ 4)
24 24
k2 = (s + 3) = = −12
(s +1)(s + 3)(s + 4) s=−3 (−3+1)(−3+ 4)
24 24
k3 = (s + 4) = =8
(s +1)(s + 3)(s + 4) s=−4 (−4 +1)(−4 + 3)20
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EECE 2602 -- Signals and Systems in Continuous Time

Activity 5 solution (6)

Zero-state response:
4 12 8
YZI (s) = − +
s +1 s + 3 s + 4
Take inverse Laplace transform, we have:
yZI (t) = ⎡⎣4e−t −12e−3t + 8e−4t ⎤⎦ u(t)

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