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    Chapter 4.4-4.5, S. Haykin, Communication Systems, Wiley.: Reference

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    The document discusses intersymbol interference (ISI) in baseband data transmission. ISI arises due to deviations in a communication channel's frequency response from ideal, causing received pulses to be affected by neighboring pulses. This can be mitigated by controlling the transmit/receive filter impulse responses to satisfy the Nyquist criterion, ensuring zero ISI between symbol intervals. Distortionless transmission requires the frequency response sum over all symbol intervals to equal the symbol period.

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    Chapter 4.4-4.5, S. Haykin, Communication Systems, Wiley.: Reference

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    OMSURYACHANDRAN
    39 views12 pages
    The document discusses intersymbol interference (ISI) in baseband data transmission. ISI arises due to deviations in a communication channel's frequency response from ideal, causing received pulses to be affected by neighboring pulses. This can be mitigated by controlling the transmit/receive filter impulse responses to satisfy the Nyquist criterion, ensuring zero ISI between symbol intervals. Distortionless transmission requires the frequency response sum over all symbol intervals to equal the symbol period.

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    The document discusses intersymbol interference (ISI) in baseband data transmission. ISI arises due to deviations in a communication channel's frequency response from ideal, causing received pulses to be affected by neighboring pulses. This can be mitigated by controlling the transmit/receive filter impulse responses to satisfy the Nyquist criterion, ensuring zero ISI between symbol intervals. Distortionless transmission requires the frequency response sum over all symbol intervals to equal the symbol period.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    39 views12 pages

    Chapter 4.4-4.5, S. Haykin, Communication Systems, Wiley.: Reference

    Uploaded by

    OMSURYACHANDRAN
    The document discusses intersymbol interference (ISI) in baseband data transmission. ISI arises due to deviations in a communication channel's frequency response from ideal, causing received pulses to be affected by neighboring pulses. This can be mitigated by controlling the transmit/receive filter impulse responses to satisfy the Nyquist criterion, ensuring zero ISI between symbol intervals. Distortionless transmission requires the frequency response sum over all symbol intervals to equal the symbol period.

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    of 12

    Baseband Data Transmission II

    Reference
    – Chapter 4.4-4.5, S. Haykin, Communication Systems,
    Wiley.

    E.1
    Introduction
    Introduction
    – Intersymbol interference (ISI) is different from noise in
    that it is a signal-dependent form of interference that
    arises because of deviations in the frequency response of
    a channel from the ideal channel.
    • This non-ideal communication channel is also called
    dispersive

    – The result of these deviation is that the received pulse


    corresponding to a particular data symbol is affected by
    the tail ends of the pulses representing the previous
    symbols and the front ends of the pulses representing the
    subsequent symbols. E.2
    Introduction

    – Example, for a binary PAM system without matched filter


    1 0 1

    Sample points E.3


    Introduction
    – Two scenarios
    • The effect of ISI is negligible in comparison to that of
    channel noise.
    ¾use a matched filter, which is the optimum linear
    time-invariant filter for maximizing the peak pulse
    signal-to-noise ratio.

    • The received signal-to-noise ratio is high enough to


    ignore the effect of channel noise (For example, a
    telephone system)
    ¾control the shape of the received pulse.

    E.4
    Intersymbol Interference
    Consider a binary system, the incoming binary sequence
    {bk } consists of symbols 1 and 0, each of duration Tb .
    The pulse amplitude modulator modifies this binary
    sequence into a new sequence of short pulses
    (approximating a unit impulse), whose amplitude ak is
    + 1 if bk = 1
    represented in the polar form ak = 
    − 1 if bk = 0

    {bk } Pulse- {ak } s (t ) xo (t ) x(t )


    Transmit
    amplitude Channel
    filter g (t ) h(t )
    modulator
    w(t ) White noise
    E.5
    Intersymbol Interference
    The short pulses are applied to a transmit filter of
    impulse response g(t), producing the transmitted signal
    s (t ) = ∑ ak g (t − kTb )
    k

    The signal s (t ) is modified as a result of transmission


    through the channel of impulse response h(t ) . In
    addition, the channel adds random noise to the signal.

    {bk } Pulse- {ak } s (t ) xo (t ) x(t )


    Transmit
    amplitude Channel
    filter g (t ) h(t )
    modulator
    w(t ) White noise
    E.6
    Intersymbol Interference
    The noisy signal x(t ) is then passed through a receive
    filter of impulse response c(t ) .The resulting output y (t )
    is sampled and reconstruced by means of a decision
    device.
    x(t ) y(t) 1 if y > λ
    Receive Decision
    filter c(t ) device 0 if y < λ
    Sample at ti = iTb
    λ
    The receiver output is
    ∑
    y (t ) = µ a k p (t − kTb ) + n(t )
    k
    where µp (t ) = g (t ) ⊗ h(t ) ⊗ c(t ) and µ is a constant.
    E.7
    Intersymbol Interference
    The sampled output is
    ∑
    y (t i ) = µ ak p[(i − k )Tb ] + n(t i )
    k
    ----- (1)
    = µa i + µ ∑a
    k
    k p[(i − k )Tb ] + n(t i )
    k ≠i

    µai : contribution of the ith transmitted bit.

    µ ∑ ak p[(i − k )Tb ] :
    k
    k ≠i
    the residual effect of all other transmitted bits.
    (This effect is called intersymbol interference)
    E.8
    Distortionless Transmission
    In a digital transmission system, the frequency
    response of the channel h(t ) is specified.

    We need to determine the frequency responses of the


    transmit g (t ) and receive filter c(t ) so as to reconstruct
    the original binary data sequence
    {bk } Pulse- {ak } s (t ) xo (t ) x(t )
    Transmit
    amplitude Channel
    filter g (t ) h(t )
    modulator
    w(t ) White noise
    x(t ) y(t) 1 if y > λ
    Receive Decision
    filter c(t ) device 0 if y < λ
    Sample at ti = iTb
    λ E.9
    Distortionless Transmission

    The decoding requires that


    1 i = k
    p (iTb − kTb ) =  …..(2)
    0 i ≠ k
    (If this equation is satisfied and S/N is large,
    equation (1) becomes y (ti ) = µai )

    It can be shown that equation (2) is equivalent to


    ∞

    ∑ P( f − n / T ) = T
    n = −∞
    b b ….. (3)

    E.10
    Distortionless Transmission

    – Example
    1 0 1

    p (t )

    Sample points E.11


    Distortionless Transmission

    – Example p( f )
    Tb
    1 / Tb
    f

    ∞
    p ( f − 1 / Tb ) p ( f − 2 / Tb ) ∑ p( f − n / T ) = T
    b b
    n = −∞

    f
    E.12

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