MAAB Control Algorithm Modeling Guidelines Using MATLAB Simulink and Stateflow

MathWorks® Automotive Advisory Board
Control Algorithm Modeling Guidelines Using

MATLAB®, Simulink®, and Stateflow®
R2015a
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MathWorks® Automotive Advisory Board Control Algorithm Modeling Guidelines Using

MATLAB®, Simulink®, and Stateflow®
© COPYRIGHT 2007–2015 by MathWorks Automotive Advisory Board
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Revision History
March 2009 Online only New for Version 2.0 (Release 2009a)
September 2009 Online only Revised for Version 2.1 (Release 2009b)
March 2010 Online only Rereleased for Version 2.1 (Release 2010a)
September 2010 Online only Rereleased for Version 2.1 (Release 2010b)
April 2011 Online only Rereleased for Version 2.1 (Release 2011a)
March 2013 Online only Revised for Version 3.0 (Release 2013a)
March 2014 Online only Revised for Version 3.1 (Release 2014a)
October 2014 Online only Rereleased for Version 3.1 (Release 2014b)
Contents
Introduction
1
Presentation of Guidelines Hosted by MathWorks . . . . . . . . 1-2
Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Notes on Version 3.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Guideline Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

Guideline ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Guideline Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
MATLAB Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
Rationale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
Last Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
Model Advisor Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
Document Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
Model Advisor Checks for MAAB Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
Software Environment
2
General Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
v
Naming Conventions
3
Model Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Model Architecture
4
Simulink and Stateflow Partitioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Subsystem Hierarchies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14
J-MAAB Model Architecture Decomposition . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-30
Model Configuration Options

5
Model Configuration Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Simulink
6
Diagram Appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-40
Block Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-51
Block Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-77
Simulink Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-85
vi Contents
Stateflow
7
Chart Appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
Stateflow Data and Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-28
Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-56
State Chart Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-63
Flow Chart Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-71
State Chart Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-89
Enumerated Data
8
MATLAB Functions
9
MATLAB Function Appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
MATLAB Function Data and Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9
MATLAB Function Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-15
MATLAB Function Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-18
vii
Recommendations for Automation Tools
A
Guideline Writing
B
Flow Chart Reference

C
Background Information on Basic Blocks and

Signals
D
Basic Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-2
Signals and Signal Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-3
MAAB Glossary
viii Contents
1
Introduction
• “Presentation of Guidelines Hosted by MathWorks” on page 1-2

• “Motivation” on page 1-3
• “Notes on Version 3.0” on page 1-4
• “Guideline Template” on page 1-5
• “Document Usage” on page 1-11
• “Model Advisor Checks for MAAB Guidelines” on page 1-12
1 Introduction
Presentation of Guidelines Hosted by MathWorks

This presentation of the MathWorks® Automotive Advisory Board (MAAB) guidelines,
Version 3.0, is based on the document, of the same title, authored by the MAAB working
group. In addition to the information included in the original document, this presentation
includes references to corresponding Model Advisor MAAB checks that you can apply if
you are licensed to use Simulink® and Simulink Verification and Validation™ software.
1-2
Motivation
Motivation
The MathWorks Automotive Advisory Board (MAAB) guidelines are important for
project success and teamwork—both in-house and when cooperating with partners or
subcontractors. Observing the guidelines is one key prerequisite to achieving:
• System integration without problems

• Well-defined interfaces
• Uniform appearance of models, code, and documentation
• Reusable models
• Readable models
• Problem-free exchange of models
• A simple, effective process
• Professional documentation
• Understandable presentations
• Fast software changes
• Cooperation with subcontractors
• Successful transitions of research or predevelopment projects to product development
1-3
1 Introduction
Notes on Version 3.0

The current version of this document, 3.0, supports MATLAB® releases R2007b through
R2011b. Version 3.0 references rules from the NASA Orion style guidelines (NASA -
Orion GN&C: MATLAB and Simulink Standards). Rules that are referenced from the
NASA Orion guideline are noted with a “See also” filed that provides the original rule
number.
1-4
Guideline Template
Guideline Template
In this section...
“Guideline ID” on page 1-6
“Guideline Title” on page 1-6
“Priority” on page 1-6
“Scope” on page 1-7
“MATLAB Versions” on page 1-8
“Prerequisites” on page 1-8
“Description” on page 1-9
“Rationale” on page 1-9
“Last Change” on page 1-10
“Model Advisor Check” on page 1-10
Guideline descriptions are documented, using the following template. Companies that
want to create additional guidelines are encouraged to use the same template.
ID: Title XX_nnnn: Title of the guideline (unique, short)

Priority Mandatory, Strongly recommended, or Recommended
Scope MAAB, NA-MAAB, J-MAAB, Specific Company (for optional local
company usage)
MATLAB One of the following:
Versions All
RX, RY, RZ
RX and earlier
RX and later
RX through RY
Prerequisites Links to guidelines, which are prerequisites to this guideline (ID:
Title)
Description Description of the guideline (text, images)
Rationale Motivation for the guideline
Last Version number of last change
Change
1-5
1 Introduction
Model Title of and link to the corresponding Model Advisor check, if a check
Advisor exists
Check
Note: The elements of this template are the minimum required items for understanding
and exchanging guidelines. You can add project or vendor fields to this template as long
as their meaning does not overlap with existing fields. Such additions are encouraged
if they help to integrate other guideline templates and lead to a wider acceptance of the
core template.
Guideline ID
• The guideline ID is built out of two lowercase letters (representing the origin of the
rule) and a four-digit number, separated by an underscore.
• Once a new guideline has an ID, the ID does not change.
• The ID is used for references to guidelines.
• The two letter prefixes na, jp, jc and eu are reserved for future MAAB committee
rules.
• Legacy prefixes, db, jm, hd, and ar, are reserved. The MAAB committee will not use
these prefixes for new rules.
• No new rules are to be written with these legacy prefixes.
Guideline Title
• The title should be a short, but unique description of the guidelines area of application
(for example, length of names)
• The title is used for the Prerequisites field and for custom checker tools.
• The title text should appear with a hyperlink that links to the guideline.
Note: The title should not be a redundant short description of the guidelines content,
because while the latter may change over time, the title should remain stable.
Priority
Each guideline must be rated with one of the following priorities:
1-6
Guideline Template
• Mandatory
• Strongly recommended
• Recommended
The priority describes the importance of the guideline and determines the consequences
of violations.
Mandatory Strongly Recommended Recommended

Definition
Guidelines that all Guidelines that are agreed Guidelines that are
companies agree to that are upon to be a good practice, recommended to improve
absolutely essential but legacy models preclude the appearance of the model
a company from conforming diagram, but are not critical
Guidelines that all to the guideline 100% to running the model
companies conform to 100%
Models should conform Guidelines where
to these guidelines to the conformance is preferred, but
greatest extent possible; not required
however, 100% compliance
is not required
Consequences: If the guideline is violated,
Essential items are missing The quality and appearance The appearance does not
deteriorates conform with other projects
The model might not work
properly There may be an adverse
effect on maintainability,
portability, and reusability
Waiver Policy: If the guideline is intentionally ignored,
The reasons must be
documented
Scope
The scope of a guideline may be set to one of the following:
Scope Description
MAAB (MathWorks Automotive Advisory A group of automotive manufacturers and
Board) suppliers that work closely together with
1-7
1 Introduction
Scope Description
MathWorks. MAAB includes the subgroups
J-MAAB and NA-MAAB.
J-MAAB (Japan MAAB) A subgroup of MAAB that includes
automotive manufacturers and suppliers in
Japan and works closely with MathWorks.
Rules with J-MAAB scope are local to
Japan.
NA-MAAB (North American MAAB) A subgroup of MAAB that includes
automotive manufacturers and suppliers in
the United States and Europe and works
closely with MathWorks. Rules with NA-
MAAB scope are local to the United States
and Europe.
MATLAB Versions
The guidelines support all versions of the MATLAB and Simulink products. If the rule
applies to specific versions, the versions are identified in the MATLAB versions field. The
version information is in one of the following formats.
Format Definition
All All versions of MATLAB
RX, RY, or RZ A specific version of MATLAB
RX and earlier Versions of MATLAB until version RX
RX and later Versions of MATLAB from version RX to the current version
RX through RY Versions of MATLAB between RX and RY
Prerequisites
• The Prerequisite field is for links to other guidelines that are prerequisites for this
guideline (logical conjunction).
• Use the guideline ID (for consistency) and the title (for readability) for the links.
• The Prerequisites field should not contain any other text.
1-8
Guideline Template
Description
• This field contains a detailed description of the guideline.
• If needed, add images and tables.
Note: If formal notation (math, regular expression, syntax diagrams, and exact numbers/
limits) is available, use it to unambiguously describe a guideline and specify an
automated check. However, a human, understandable, informal description must always
be provided for daily reference.
Rationale
This field lists the reasons that apply for a given guideline. You can recommend
guidelines for one or more of the following reasons:
Rationale Description
Readability Easily understood algorithms
• Readable models
• Uniform appearance of models, code, and documentation
• Clean interfaces
• Professional documentation
Workflow Effective development process and workflow
• Ease of maintenance
• Rapid model changes
• Reusable components
• Problem-free exchange of models
• Model portability
Simulation Efficient simulation and analysis
• Simulation speed
• Simulation memory
• Model instrumentation
1-9
1 Introduction
Rationale Description
Verification and Ability to verify and validate a model and generated code
validation with:
• Requirements traceability
• Testing
• Problem-free system integration
• Clean interfaces
Code generation Generation of code that is efficient and effective for
embedded systems
• Fast software changes

• Robustness of generated code
Last Change
The Last change field contains the document version number.
Model Advisor Check

The Simulink Verification and Validation product includes Simulink Model Advisor
MAAB checks, which correspond to a subset of MAAB guidelines, that you can select
and run with the Simulink Model Advisor. In this presentation of the MAAB guidelines,
MathWorks includes a Model Advisor check field in guideline descriptions, which
contains the title of and a link to the corresponding Model Advisor check, if a check
exists. Although this information is included, note that the MAAB working group takes a
neutral stance on recommendations for style guide checkers.
For a list of available Model Advisor checks for the MAAB guidelines, see “Model Advisor
Checks for MAAB Guidelines” on page 1-12. For information on using the Model
Advisor, see “Run Model Checks” in the Simulink documentation.
1-10
Document Usage
Document Usage
• Name Conventions and Model Architecture provide basic guidelines that apply to all
types of models.
• Simulink and Stateflow® provide specific rules for those environments.
• Some guidelines are dependent on other guidelines and are explicitly listed
throughout the document.
• If users do not view the content of masked subsystems with a model, the guidelines
for readability are not applicable.
For information on automated checking of the guidelines, see Appendix A.
1-11
1 Introduction
Model Advisor Checks for MAAB Guidelines

Simulink Verification and Validation provides Model Advisor MAAB checks which
correspond to a subset of MAAB guidelines. You can run the checks using the Model
Advisor.
The MAAB guidelines and corresponding Model Advisor checks are summarized in the
following table. Not all guidelines have Model Advisor checks. For some of the guidelines
without Model Advisor checks, it is not possible to automate checking of the guideline.
Guidelines without a corresponding check are noted as not applicable. For information on
using the Model Advisor, see “Run Model Checks” in the Simulink documentation.
MAAB Guideline - Version By Task > Model Advisor check

3.0 Modeling
Standards for
MAAB subfolder
na_0026: Consistent Not applicable
software environment
na_0027: Use of only Not applicable
standard library blocks
ar_0001: Filenames Naming “Check file names”
Conventions
ar_0002: Directory Naming “Check folder names”
names Conventions
na_0035: Adoption of Not applicable
naming conventions
jc_0201: Usable Naming “Check subsystem names”
characters for Conventions
Subsystem names
jc_0211: Usable Naming “Check port block names”
characters for Inport Conventions
blocks and Outport
blocks
jc_0221: Usable Naming “Check character usage in signal labels”
characters for signal line Conventions
names
1-12

3.0 Modeling
Standards for
MAAB subfolder
na_0030: Usable Not applicable
characters for Simulink
Bus names
jc_0231: Usable Naming “Check character usage in block names”
characters for block Conventions
names
na_0014: Use of local Not applicable
language in Simulink
and Stateflow
na_0006: Guidelines for Not applicable
mixed use of Simulink
and Stateflow
na_0007: Guidelines Not applicable
for use of Flow Charts,
Truth Tables and State
Machines
db_0143: Similar block Model “Check for mixing basic blocks and
types on the model Architecture subsystems”
levels
db_0144: Use of Not applicable
Subsystems
db_0040: Model Not applicable
hierarchy
na_0037: Use of single Not applicable
variable variant
conditionals
na_0020: Number Not applicable
of inputs to variant
subsystems
na_0036: Default Not applicable
variant
1-13
1 Introduction

3.0 Modeling
Standards for
MAAB subfolder
jc_0301: Controller Not applicable
model
jc_0311: Top layer/root Not applicable
level
jc_0321: Trigger layer Not applicable
jc_0331: Structure layer Not applicable
jc_0341: Data flow layer Not applicable
jc_0011: Optimization Model “Check Implement logic signals as Boolean
parameters for Boolean Configuration data (vs. double)”
data types Options
jc_0021: Model Model “Check model diagnostic parameters”
diagnostic settings Configuration
Options
na_0004: Simulink Simulink “Check for Simulink diagrams using
model appearance nonstandard display attributes”
db_0043: Simulink font Simulink “Check font formatting”
and font size
db_0042: Port block in Simulink “Check positioning and configuration of
Simulink models ports”
na_0005: Port block Simulink “Check visibility of block port names”
name visibility in
Simulink models
jc_0081: Icon display for Simulink “Check display for port blocks”
Port block
jm_0002: Block resizing Not applicable
db_0142: Position of Simulink “Check whether block names appear below
block names blocks”
jc_0061: Display of block Simulink “Check the display attributes of block
names names”
1-14

3.0 Modeling
Standards for
MAAB subfolder
db_0146: Triggered, Simulink “Check position of Trigger and Enable
enabled, conditional blocks”
Subsystems
db_0140: Display of Simulink “Check for nondefault block attributes”
basic block parameters
db_0032: Simulink Not applicable
signal appearance
db_0141: Signal flow in Not applicable
Simulink models
jc_0171: Maintaining Not applicable
signal flow when using
Goto and From blocks
na_0032: Use of merge Not applicable
blocks
jm_0010: Port block Simulink “Check for matching port and signal names”
names in Simulink
models
jc_0281: Naming of Simulink “Check Trigger and Enable block names”
Trigger Port block and
Enable Port block
na_0008: Display of Simulink “Check signal line labels”
labels on signals
na_0009: Entry versus Simulink “Check for propagated signal labels”
propagation of signal
labels
db_0097: Position of Not applicable
labels for signals and
busses
db_0081: Unconnected Simulink “Check for unconnected ports and signal
signals, block inputs and lines”
block outputs
1-15
1 Introduction

3.0 Modeling
Standards for
MAAB subfolder
na_0003: Simple Not applicable
logical expressions in If
Condition block
na_0002: Appropriate Not applicable
implementation of
fundamental logical and
numerical operations
jm_0001: Prohibited Simulink “Check for prohibited blocks in discrete
Simulink standard controllers”
blocks inside controllers
hd_0001: Prohibited Simulink “Check for prohibited sink blocks”
Simulink sinks
na_0011: Scope of Goto Simulink “Check scope of From and Goto blocks”
and From blocks
jc_0141: Use of the Simulink “Check usage of Switch blocks”
Switch block
jc_0121: Use of the Sum Not applicable
block
jc_0131: Use of Simulink “Check usage of Relational Operator blocks”
Relational Operator
block
jc_0161: Use of Data Not applicable
Store Read/Write/
Memory blocks
db_0112: Indexing Simulink “Check for indexing in blocks”
na_0010: Grouping data Simulink “Check usage of buses and Mux blocks”
flows into signals
db_0110: Tunable Simulink “Check usage of tunable parameters in
parameters in basic blocks”
blocks
1-16

3.0 Modeling
Standards for
MAAB subfolder
na_0012: Use of Switch Not applicable
vs. If-Then-Else Action
Subsystem
patterns for If-then-else-
if constructs
patterns for case
constructs
na_0028: Use of If-Then- Not applicable
Else Action Subsystem
to Replace Multiple
Switches
patterns for logical
constructs with logical
blocks
patterns for vector
signals
jc_0351: Methods of Not applicable
initialization
jc_0111: Direction of Simulink “Check orientation of Subsystem blocks”
Subsystem
db_0123: Stateflow port Stateflow “Check for mismatches between names of
names Stateflow ports and associated signals”
db_0129: Stateflow Not applicable
transition appearance
db_0137: States in state Stateflow “Check usage of exclusive and default states
machines in state machines”
1-17
1 Introduction

3.0 Modeling
Standards for
MAAB subfolder
db_0133: Use of patterns Not applicable
for flow charts
db_0132: Transitions in Stateflow “Check Transition orientations in flow
flow charts charts”
jc_0501: Format of Stateflow “Check entry formatting in State blocks in
entries in a State block Stateflow charts”
jc_0511: Setting the Stateflow “Check return value assignments of
return value from a graphical functions in Stateflow charts”
graphical function
jc_0531: Placement of Stateflow “Check default transition placement in
the default transition Stateflow charts”
jc_0521: Use of the Stateflow “Check usage of return values from a
return value from graphical function in Stateflow charts”
graphical functions
na_0001: Bitwise Stateflow “Check for bitwise operations in Stateflow
Stateflow operators charts”
jc_0451: Use of unary Stateflow “Check for unary minus operations on
minus on unsigned unsigned integers in Stateflow charts”
integers in Stateflow
na_0013: Comparison Stateflow “Check for comparison operations in
operation in Stateflow Stateflow charts”
db_0122: Stateflow Stateflow “Check for Strong Data Typing with
and Simulink interface Simulink I/O”
signals and parameters
db_0125: Scope of Stateflow “Check Stateflow data objects with local
internal signals and scope”
local auxiliary variables
jc_0481: Use of hard Stateflow “Check for equality operations between
equality comparisons for floating-point expressions in Stateflow
floating point numbers charts”
in Stateflow
1-18

3.0 Modeling
Standards for
MAAB subfolder
jc_0491: Reuse of Not applicable
variables within a single
Stateflow scope
jc_0541: Use of tunable Not applicable
parameters in Stateflow
db_0127: MATLAB Stateflow “Check for MATLAB expressions in
commands in Stateflow Stateflow charts”
jm_0011: Pointers in Stateflow “Check for pointers in Stateflow charts”
Stateflow
db_0126: Scope of events Not applicable
jm_0012: Event Stateflow “Check for event broadcasts in Stateflow
broadcasts charts”
db_0150: State machine Not applicable
patterns for conditions
db_0151: State machine Stateflow “Check transition actions in Stateflow
patterns for transition charts”
actions
db_0148: Flow chart Not applicable
patterns for conditions
patterns for condition
actions
patterns for If constructs
patterns for case
constructs
patterns for loop
constructs
1-19
1 Introduction

3.0 Modeling
Standards for
MAAB subfolder
na_0038: Levels in Not applicable
Stateflow charts
na_0039: Use of Not applicable
Simulink in Stateflow
charts
na_0040: Number of Not applicable
states per container
na_0041: Selection of Not applicable
function type
na_0042: Location of Not applicable
Simulink functions
na_0033: Enumerated Not applicable
Types Usage
na_0031: Definition of Not applicable
default enumerated
value
na_0018: Number of MATLAB “Check MATLAB Function metrics”
nested if/else and case Functions
statement
na_0019: Restricted Not applicable
Variable Names
na_0025: MATLAB Not applicable
Function Header
na_0034: MATLAB MATLAB “Check input and output settings of
Function block input/ Functions MATLAB Functions”
output settings
na_0024: Global MATLAB “Check MATLAB code for global variables”
Variables Functions
1-20

3.0 Modeling
Standards for
MAAB subfolder
na_0022: Recommended Not applicable
patterns for Switch/Case
statements
na_0016: Source lines of MATLAB “Check MATLAB Function metrics”
MATLAB Functions Functions
na_0017: Number of Not applicable
called function levels
na_0021: Strings Not applicable
1-21
2
Software Environment
2 Software Environment
General Guidelines
• na_0026: Consistent software environment
• na_0027: Use of only standard library blocks
2-2
na_0026: Consistent software environment
ID: Title
Priority
Recommended
Scope
NA-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
See description
Prerequisites
None
Description
During software development, it is recommended that a consistent software environment
is used across the project. Software includes, but is not limited, to:
• MATLAB
• Simulink
• C Compiler (for simulation)
2-3
• C Compiler (for target hardware)
Consistent software environment implies that the same version of the software is used
across the full project. The version number applies to any patches or extensions to the
software used by a group.
Rationale
• Readability
• Code Generation
See Also
• jh_0042: Required software
Last Changed
V3.0
2-4
na_0027: Use of only standard library blocks
ID: Title
Priority
Recommended
Scope
NA-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
Companies should specify a subset of Simulink blocks for use when developing models.
The block list can include custom block libraries developed by the company or third
parties. Models should be built only from these blocks.
Non-compliant blocks can be used during development. If non-compliant blocks are used,
they should be marked either with a color, icon and / or annotation. These blocks must be
removed prior to use in production code generation.
2-5
Rationale
• Readability
• Verification and Validation
• Code Generation
• Simulation
See Also
• hyl_0201: Use of standard library blocks only
Last Changed
V3.0
2-6
3
Naming Conventions
• “General Guidelines” on page 3-2

• “Model Content” on page 3-10
3 Naming Conventions
General Guidelines
• ar_0001: Filenames
• ar_0002: Directory names
• na_0035: Adoption of naming conventions
3-2
ar_0001: Filenames
ar_0001: Filenames
ID: Title
ar_0001: Filenames
Priority
Mandatory
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
A file name conforms to the following constraints:
Form
filename = name.extension
• name: no leading digits, no blanks
3-3
• extension: no blanks
Uniqueness
All file names within the parent project directory
Allowed Characters
name:
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
0123456789_
extension:
0123456789
Underscores
name:
• Can use underscores to separate parts

• Cannot have more than one consecutive underscore
• Cannot start with an underscore
• Cannot end with an underscore
extension:
Should not use underscores
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
• Code Generation
• Simulation
3-4
ar_0001: Filenames
Last Changed
V3.0
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Naming Conventions > Check file
names
For check details, see “Check file names”.
3-5
ar_0002: Directory names
Priority
Mandatory
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
A directory name conforms to the following constraints:
Form
directory name = name
name: no leading digits, no blanks
Uniqueness
All directory names within the parent project directory
3-6
ar_0002: Directory names
Allowed characters
name:
0123456789_
Underscores
name:

Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
• Code Generation
• Simulation
Last Changed
V1.0
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Naming Conventions > Check for
invalid model folder names
For check details, see “Check folder names”.
3-7
na_0035: Adoption of naming conventions
ID: Title
Priority
Recommended
Scope
NA-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
Adoption of a naming convention is recommended. A naming convention provides
guidance for naming blocks, signals, parameters and data types. Naming conventions
frequently cover issues such as:
• Compliance with the programing language and downstream tools
• Length
3-8
• Use of symbols
• Readability
• Use of underscores
• Use of capitalization
• Encoding information
• Use of “meaningful” names

• Standard abbreviations and acronyms
• Data type
• Engineering units
• Data ownership
• Memory type
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
• Code Generation
• Simulation
Last Changed
V3.0
3-9
Model Content
• jc_0201: Usable characters for Subsystem names
• jc_0211: Usable characters for Inport blocks and Outport blocks
• jc_0221: Usable characters for signal line names
• na_0030: Usable characters for Simulink Bus names
• jc_0231: Usable characters for block names
• na_0014: Use of local language in Simulink and Stateflow
3-10
jc_0201: Usable characters for Subsystem names
ID: Title
jc_0201: Usable characters for Subsystem
Priority
Strongly recommended
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
The names of all Subsystem blocks should conform to the following constraints:
Form
name:
• Should not start with a number
3-11
• Should not include blank spaces

• Should not include carriage returns
Allowed Characters
name:
0123456789_
Underscores
name:

Rationale
• Readability
Last Changed
V2.2
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Naming Conventions > Check
whether subsystem block names include invalid characters
For check details, see “Check subsystem names”.
3-12
jc_0211: Usable characters for Inport blocks and Outport blocks
jc_0211: Usable characters for Inport blocks and

Outport blocks
ID: Title
jc_0211: Usable characters for Inport blocks and Outport blocks
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
The names of all Inport blocks and Output blocks should conform to the following
constraints:
Form
name:
3-13

Allowed Characters
name:
0123456789_
Underscores
name:

Rationale
• Readability
Last Changed
V2.2
Model Advisor Check

whether Inport and Outport block names include invalid characters
For check details, see “Check port block names”.
3-14
jc_0221: Usable characters for signal line names
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
Identifies named signals constraints
Form
name:
3-15

• Should not include any control characters
Allowed Characters
name:
0123456789_
Underscores
name:

Rationale
• Readability
Last Changed
V2.2
Model Advisor Check

character usage in signal labels
For check details, see “Check character usage in signal labels”.
3-16
na_0030: Usable characters for Simulink Bus names
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
NA-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
All Simulink Bus names should conform to the following constraints:
Form
name:
3-17
• Should not have blank spaces

• Carriage returns are not allowed
Allowed Characters
name:
0123456789_
Underscores
name:

Rationale
• Readability
See Also
• jh_0040: Usable characters for Simulink Bus Names
Last Changed
V3.0
3-18
jc_0231: Usable characters for block names
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
Description
The names of all blocks should conform to the following constraints:
Form
name:
3-19
• Should not include spaces at the beginning of a block name

• Should not use double byte characters
• Carriage returns are allowed
Allowed Characters
name:
0123456789_
Note: This rule does not apply to Subsystem blocks.
Rationale
• Readability
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

character usage in block names
For check details, see “Check character usage in block names”.
3-20
na_0014: Use of local language in Simulink and Stateflow
na_0014: Use of local language in Simulink and

Stateflow
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
J-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
The local language should be used in descriptive fields only. Descriptive fields are text
entry points that do not affect code generation or simulation. Examples of descriptive
fields include the Description field in the Block Properties dialog box.
3-21
Simulink Examples
• The Description field in the Block Properties dialog box
• Text annotation entered directly in the model
Stateflow Examples
• The Description field of chart and state Properties
3-22
• Annotation description added using Add Note
3-23
Note: It is possible that Simulink cannot open a model that includes local language
on different character encoding systems. Therefore, pay attention when using local
characters for exchanging models between countries.
Rationale
• Readability
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
3-24
4
Model Architecture
• “Simulink and Stateflow Partitioning” on page 4-2

• “Subsystem Hierarchies” on page 4-14
• “J-MAAB Model Architecture Decomposition” on page 4-30
This document uses the term basic blocks to refer to blocks built into the Simulink block
libraries. “Basic Blocks” on page D-2 in Appendix D lists some examples of basic
blocks.
4 Model Architecture
Simulink and Stateflow Partitioning

• na_0006: Guidelines for mixed use of Simulink and Stateflow
• na_0007: Guidelines for use of Flow Charts, Truth Tables and State Machines
4-2
na_0006: Guidelines for mixed use of Simulink and Stateflow
na_0006: Guidelines for mixed use of Simulink and

Stateflow
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
The choice of whether to use Simulink or Stateflow to model a given portion of the control
algorithm functionality should be driven by the nature of the behavior being modeled.
• If the function primarily involves complicated logical operations, use Stateflow

diagrams.
4-3
Use Stateflow diagrams to implement modal logic, where the control function to be
performed at the current time depends on a combination of past and present logical
conditions.
• If the function primarily involves numerical operations, use Simulink features.
Specifics
• If the primary nature of the function is logical, but some simple numerical
calculations are done to support the logic, implement the simple numerical functions
using the Stateflow action language.
• If the primary nature of the function is numeric, but some simple logical operations
are done to support the arithmetic, implement the simple logical functions with
Simulink blocks.
4-4
• If the primary nature of the function is logical, and some complicated numerical
calculations must be done to support the logic, use a Simulink subsystem to
implement the numerical calculations. The Stateflow software should invoke the
execution of the subsystem, using a function call.
4-5
4-6
• Use the Stateflow product to implement modal logic, where the control function
to be performed at the current time depends on a combination of past and present
logical conditions. (If there is a need to store the result of a logical condition test in a
Simulink model, for example, by storing a flag, this is an indicator of the presence of
modal logic, which should be modeled with Stateflow software.)
4-7
Incorrect
4-8
Correct
• Use Simulink to implement numerical expressions containing continuously-valued
states, such as: difference equations, integrals, derivatives, and filters.
4-9
Incorrect
Correct
4-10
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
• Simulation
• Code Generation
See Also
• “Driving Function Call Subsystems and Charts from Stateflow® Using Function Call
Outputs”
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
4-11
na_0007: Guidelines for use of Flow Charts, Truth

Tables and State Machines
ID: Title
na_0007: Guidelines for use of Flow Charts, Truth Tables and State Machines
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
Description
Within Stateflow, the choice of whether to use a flow chart or a state chart to model a
given portion of the control algorithm functionality should be driven by the nature of the
behavior being modeled.
• If the primary nature of the function segment is to calculate modes of operation or

discrete-valued states, use state charts. Some examples are:
4-12
na_0007: Guidelines for use of Flow Charts, Truth Tables and State Machines
• Diagnostic models with pass, fail, abort, and conflict states

• Model that calculates different modes of operation for a control algorithm
• If the primary nature of the function segment involves if-then-else statements,
use flow charts or truth tables.
Specifics
If the primary nature of a function segment is to calculate modes or states, but if-
then-else statements are required, add a flow chart to a state within the state chart.
(See “Flow Chart Patterns” on page 7-71.)
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
• Simulation
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
4-13
Subsystem Hierarchies
• db_0143: Similar block types on the model levels
• db_0144: Use of Subsystems
• db_0040: Model hierarchy
• na_0037: Use of single variable variant conditionals
• na_0020: Number of inputs to variant subsystems
• na_0036: Default variant
4-14
db_0143: Similar block types on the model levels
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
NA-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
To allow partitioning of the model into discrete units, every level of a model must be
designed with building blocks of the same type (i.e. only Subsystems or only “Basic
Blocks”). The blocks listed in this guideline are used for signal routing. You can place
them at any level of the model.
Blocks that You Can Place at any Model Level
4-15
Block Example
Action port1
Bus Creator
Bus Selector
Case
Data Store Memory
Data Type Conversion
Demux
Enable2
From
Function-Call Generator
4-16
Block Example
Function-Call Split
Goto
Ground
If
Inport
Merge
Mux
Outport
Rate Transition
Selector
Terminator
4-17
Block Example
Trigger3
Unit Delay
1
Action ports are not allowed at the root level of a model.
2
Starting in R2011b, the Enable block is allowed at the root level of the model.
3
Starting in R2009a, the Trigger block is allowed at the root level of the model.
Note: If the Trigger or Enable blocks are placed at the root level of the model, then the
model will not simulate in a standalone mode. The model must be referenced using the
Model block.
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
Last Changed
V2.2
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Simulink > Check for systems that
mix primitive blocks and subsystems
For check details, see “Check for mixing basic blocks and subsystems”.
4-18
db_0144: Use of Subsystems
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
Blocks in a Simulink diagram should be grouped together into subsystems based on
functional decomposition of the algorithm, or portion thereof, represented in the diagram.
Grouping blocks into subsystems primarily for the purpose of saving space in the
diagram should be avoided. Each subsystem in the diagram should represent a unit of
functionality required to accomplish the purpose of the model or submodel. Blocks can
also be grouped together based on behavioral variants or timing.
4-19
If creation of a subsystem is required for readability issues, then a virtual subsystem

should be used.
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V2.2
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
4-20
db_0040: Model hierarchy
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
The model hierarchy should correspond to the functional structure of the control system.
Rationale
• Readability
4-21
• Workflow
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
4-22
na_0037: Use of single variable variant conditionals
ID: Title
Priority
Recommended
Scope
NA-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
Variant conditional expressions should be composed using either a single variable with
compound conditions or multiple variables with a single condition. The default variant is
an exception to the second rule.
Correct: Multiple variables (INLINE / FUNCTION with single condition per line
4-23
Correct: Single variable compound conditions
Incorrect: Multiple variables, compound conditions
Note
Use of enumerated variables is preferred in the Condition expressions. To improve the
readability of the screenshots used in the examples, numerical values were used.
Rationale
• Readability
• Code Generation
• Simulation
See Also
• na_0036: Default variant
4-24
Last Changed
V3.0
4-25
na_0020: Number of inputs to variant subsystems
ID: Title
Priority
Recommended
Scope
NA-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
Simulink requires variant subsystems to have the same number of inputs. However,
the variant subsystem might not use all of the inputs. In these instances, terminate the
unused inputs with the Terminator block.
Rationale
• Readability
4-26
• Code Generation
• Simulation
Last Changed
V3.0
4-27
na_0036: Default variant
ID: Title
Priority
Recommended
Scope
NA-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
Description
All Variant subsystems and models should be configured so that one subsystem is always
selected. This can be achieved by doing one of the following:
• Using a default variant.

• Defining conditions that exhaustively cover all possible values of the conditional
variables. For example, defining conditions for true and false values of a Boolean.
4-28
Correct
Correct: Assumes FUNC and INLINE are Boolean
Incorrect: No active subsystem ifFUNC not equal to 1 or 2.
Rationale
• Readability
• Code Generation
• Simulation
Last Changed
V3.0
4-29
J-MAAB Model Architecture Decomposition

• jc_0301: Controller model
• jc_0311: Top layer/root level
• jc_0321: Trigger layer
• jc_0331: Structure layer
• jc_0341: Data flow layer
4-30
jc_0301: Controller model
ID: Title
Priority
Mandatory
Scope
J-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
Control models are organized using the following hierarchical structure. Details on each
layer are provided in corresponding rules.
• Top layer (root level), jc_0311: Top layer/root level

• Trigger layer, jc_0321: Trigger layer
• Structure layer. jc_0331: Structure layer
4-31
• Data flow layer, jc_0341: Data flow layer
Use of the Trigger level is optional. In the following figure, Type A shows the use of a
trigger level while Type B shows a model without a trigger level.
Controller Model
Rationale
Workflow
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
4-32
jc_0311: Top layer/root level
ID: Title
Priority
Mandatory
Scope
J-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
Items to describe in a top layer are as follows:
• Overview: Explanation of model feature overview

• Input: Input variables
• Output: Output variables
4-33
Top Layer Example
Rationale
Workflow
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
4-34
jc_0321: Trigger layer
ID: Title
Priority
Mandatory
Scope
J-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
A trigger layer indicates the processing timing by using Triggered Subsystem or
Function-Call Subsystem blocks.
• The blocks should set Priority, if needed.

• The priority value must be displayed as a block annotation. You should be able to
understand the priority-based order without having to open the block.
4-35
Trigger Layer Example
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
4-36
jc_0331: Structure layer
ID: Title
Priority
Mandatory
Scope
J-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
• Describe a structure layer like the following structure layer example.
• In the case of Type B, specify sample time at an Inport block or a Subsystem block
to define task time of the subsystem.
• In the case of Type B, use a block annotation at an Inport block or a Subsystem
block and display sample time to clarify task time of the subsystem.
• A subsystem of a structure layer should be an atomic subsystem.
4-37
Structure Layer Example (Type A: No Description of Processing Timing)
Structure Layer Example (Type B: Description of Processing Timing)
Rationale
• Readability
4-38
• Workflow
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
4-39
jc_0341: Data flow layer
ID: Title
Priority
Mandatory
Scope
J-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
Describe a data flow layer as in the following example. In the case of Type A, use a block
annotation at an Inport block and display its sample time to clarify execution timing of
the signal.
4-40
Data Flow Layer Example
Rationale
Workflow
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
4-41
5

5 Model Configuration Options

• jc_0011: Optimization parameters for Boolean data types
• jc_0021: Model diagnostic settings
5-2
jc_0011: Optimization parameters for Boolean data types
jc_0011: Optimization parameters for Boolean data

types
ID: Title
jc_0011: Optimization parameters for Boolean data types
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
na_0002: Appropriate implementation of fundamental logical and numerical operations
Description
The optimization option for Boolean data types must be enabled (on).
In the Configuration Parameters dialog box, on the Optimization pane, under

Simulation and code generation, select Implement logic signals as Boolean data
(vs. double).
5-3
Rationale
• Workflow
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V2.2
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Model Configuration Options >
Check Implement logic signals as Boolean data (vs. double)
For check details, see “Check Implement logic signals as Boolean data (vs. double)”.
5-4
jc_0021: Model diagnostic settings
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
The following diagnostics must be enabled. An enabled diagnostic is set to warning or
error. Setting the diagnostic option to none is not permitted. Diagnostics that are not
listed may be set to any value (none, warning, or error).
Solver Diagnostics
• Algebraic loop
5-5
• Minimize algebraic loop
Sample Time Diagnostics

• Multitask rate transition
Data Validity Diagnostics

• Inf or NaN block output
• Duplicate data store names
Connectivity
• Unconnected block input ports
• Unconnected block output ports
• Unconnected line
• Unspecified bus object at root Outport block
• Mux blocks used to create bus signals
• Invalid function-call connection
• Element name mismatch
Rationale
• Workflow
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Model Configuration Options >
Check model diagnostic settings
5-6
For check details, see “Check model diagnostic parameters”.
5-7
6
Simulink
• “Diagram Appearance” on page 6-2

• “Signals” on page 6-40
• “Block Usage” on page 6-51
• “Block Parameters” on page 6-77
• “Simulink Patterns” on page 6-85
6 Simulink
Diagram Appearance
• na_0004: Simulink model appearance
• db_0043: Simulink font and font size
• db_0042: Port block in Simulink models
• na_0005: Port block name visibility in Simulink models
• jc_0081: Icon display for Port block
• jm_0002: Block resizing
• db_0142: Position of block names
• jc_0061: Display of block names
• db_0146: Triggered, enabled, conditional Subsystems
• db_0140: Display of basic block parameters
• db_0032: Simulink signal appearance
• db_0141: Signal flow in Simulink models
• jc_0171: Maintaining signal flow when using Goto and From blocks
• na_0032: Use of merge blocks
• jm_0010: Port block names in Simulink models
• jc_0281: Naming of Trigger Port block and Enable Port block
6-2
na_0004: Simulink model appearance
ID: Title
Priority
Recommended
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
The model appearance settings should conform to the following guidelines when the
model is released. You can change the settings during the development process.
View Options Setting

Model Browser Unchecked
Screen color White
Status Bar Checked
6-3
6 Simulink
View Options Setting

Toolbar Checked
Zoom factor Normal (100%)
Block Display Options Setting

Background Color White
Foreground Color Black
Execution Context Indicator Unchecked
Library Link Display None
Linearization Indicators Checked
Model/Block I/O Mismatch Unchecked
Model Block Version Unchecked
Sample Time Colors Unchecked
Sorted Order Unchecked
Signal Display Options Setting

Port Data Types Unchecked
Signal Dimensions Unchecked
Storage Class Unchecked
Test point Indicators Checked
Viewer Indicators Checked
Wide Nonscalar Lines Checked
Rationale
• Readability
Last Changed
V2.0
6-4
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Simulink > Check for Simulink
diagrams that have nonstandard appearance attributes
For check details, see “Check for Simulink diagrams using nonstandard display
attributes”.
6-5
6 Simulink
db_0043: Simulink font and font size
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
All text elements (block names, block annotations, and signal labels) except free text
annotations within a model, must have the same font style and font size. Select font style
and font size for legibility.
Note: The selected font should be portable (for example, the Simulink and Stateflow
default font) or convertible between platforms (for example, Arial or Helvetica 12pt).
6-6
Rationale
• Readability
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Simulink > Check for difference in
font and font sizes
For check details, see “Check font formatting”.
6-7
6 Simulink
db_0042: Port block in Simulink models
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
In a Simulink model, ports must comply with the following rules:
• Place Inport blocks on the left side of the diagram; you may move them to prevent
signal crossings.
• Place Outport blocks on the right side of the diagram; you may move them to prevent
signal crossings.
6-8
• You may use duplicate Inport blocks at the subsystem level, if required, but avoid
doing so, if possible.
• Do not use duplicate Inport blocks at the root level.
Correct
Incorrect
Notes on the incorrect model
• Inport 2 should be moved in so it does not cross the feedback loop lines.
• Outport 1 should be moved to the right side of the diagram.
6-9
6 Simulink
Rationale
Readability
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Simulink > Check for invalid port
positioning and configuration
For check details, see “Check positioning and configuration of ports”.
6-10
na_0005: Port block name visibility in Simulink models
na_0005: Port block name visibility in Simulink

models
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
For some items it is not possible to define a single approach that is applicable to
all organizations’ internal processes. However, it is important that within a given
organization, a single consistent approach is followed. An organization applying the
guidelines must enforce one of the following alternatives.
Apply one of the following practices:
6-11
6 Simulink
• The name of an Inport or Outport block is not hidden. (Format > Hide Name is not
allowed.)
• The name of an Inport or Outport block must be hidden. (Format > Hide Name is
used.)
Exception: The names cannot be hidden inside library subsystem blocks.
Correct: Use of signal label
Rationale
Readability
Last Changed
V2.0
6-12
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Simulink > Check visibility of port
block names
For check details, see “Check visibility of block port names”.
6-13
6 Simulink
jc_0081: Icon display for Port block
ID: Title
Priority
Recommended
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
R14 and later
Prerequisites
None
Description
The Icon display setting should be set to Port number for Inport and Outport blocks.
Correct
6-14
Incorrect
Incorrect
Rationale
Readability
Last Changed
V2.2
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Simulink > Check display for port
blocks
For check details, see “Check display for port blocks”.
6-15
6 Simulink
jm_0002: Block resizing
ID: Title
Priority
Mandatory
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
All blocks in a model must be sized such that the icon is completely visible and
recognizable. In particular, any displayed text (for example, tunable parameters, file
names, or equations) in the icon must be readable.
This guideline requires that you resize blocks with variable icons or blocks with a
variable number of inputs and outputs. In some cases, it may not be practical or desirable
to resize the icon of a subsystem block so that all of the input and output names within
6-16
it are readable. In such cases, you may hide the names in the icon by using a mask
or by hiding the names in the subsystem associated with the icon. If you do this, the
signal lines coming into and out of the subsystem block should be clearly labeled in close
proximity to the block.
Correct
Incorrect
Rationale
Readability
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
6-17
6 Simulink
db_0142: Position of block names
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
If shown, place the name of a block below the block.
Correct
6-18
Incorrect
Rationale
• Readability
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Simulink > Check whether block
names do not appear below blocks
For check details, see “Check whether block names appear below blocks”.
6-19
6 Simulink
jc_0061: Display of block names
ID: Title
Priority
Recommended
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
• Display a block name when it provides descriptive information.
• Do not display a block name if the block function is known and understood from the
block appearance.
Rationale
Readability
6-20
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Simulink > Check the display
attributes of block names
For check details, see “Check the display attributes of block names”.
6-21
6 Simulink
db_0146: Triggered, enabled, conditional

Subsystems
ID: Title
db_0146: Triggered, enabled, conditional Subsystems
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
The blocks that define subsystems as either conditional or iterative should be located at a
consistent location at the top of the subsystem diagram. These blocks are:
• Action Port
• Enable
• For Iterator
6-22
db_0146: Triggered, enabled, conditional Subsystems
• Switch Case Action

• Trigger
• While Iterator
Note: The Action Port is associated with the If and Case blocks. The Trigger port is also
the function-call block.
Correct
Incorrect
Rationale
• Readability
Last Changed
V2.2
6-23
6 Simulink
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Simulink > Check position of
Trigger and Enable blocks
For check details, see “Check position of Trigger and Enable blocks”.
6-24
db_0140: Display of basic block parameters
ID: Title
Priority
Recommended
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
Important block parameters modified from the default values should be displayed.
Note: The attribute string is one method to support the display of block parameters. The
block annotation tab allows you to add the desired attribute information. As of R2011b,
masking basic blocks is a supported method for displaying the information. This method
is allowed if the base icon is distinguishable.
6-25
6 Simulink
Correct
Correct: Masked block
Rationale
• Readability
Last Changed
V2.2
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Simulink > Check for display of
nondefault block attributes
For check details, see “Check for nondefault block attributes”.
6-26
db_0032: Simulink signal appearance
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
Signal lines
• Should not cross each other, if possible

• Are drawn with right angles
• Are not drawn one upon the other
• Do not cross any blocks
6-27
6 Simulink
• Should not split into more than two sublines at a single branching point
Correct
Incorrect
Rationale
• Readability
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
6-28
db_0141: Signal flow in Simulink models
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
The signal flow in a model is from left to right.
Exception: Feedback loops
Sequential blocks or subsystems are arranged from left to right.
Exception: Feedback loops
6-29
6 Simulink
Parallel blocks or subsystems are arranged from top to bottom.
Rationale
• Readability
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
6-30
jc_0171: Maintaining signal flow when using Goto and From blocks
jc_0171: Maintaining signal flow when using Goto

and From blocks
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
• You must maintain visual depiction of signal flow between subsystems.
• You can use Goto and From blocks if:
6-31
6 Simulink
• You use at least one signal line between connected subsystems.

• Subsystems connected in a feed-forward and feedback loop have at least one signal
line for each direction.
• Using Goto and From blocks to create buses or connect inputs to merge blocks are
exceptions to this rule.
Correct
6-32
Incorrect
Rationale
• Readability
Last Changed
V2.2
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
6-33
6 Simulink
na_0032: Use of merge blocks
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
NA-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
When using Merge blocks:
• Signals entering a merge block must not branch off to other blocks
• With buses:
• Buses must be identical This includes:
• Number of elements
6-34
• Element names
• Element order
• Element data type
• Element size
• Buses must be either all virtual or all nonvirtual
• Bus lines entering a merge block must not branch off to other blocks.
Rationale
• Workflow
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V3.0
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
6-35
6 Simulink
jm_0010: Port block names in Simulink models
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
• db_0042: Port block in Simulink models
• na_0005: Port block name visibility in Simulink models
Description
For some items, though you may not be able to define a single approach for internal
processes of all organizations, within a given organization, try to follow a single,
consistent approach. An organization applying the guidelines must enforce one of the
following options:
• Names of Inport and Outport blocks must match corresponding signal or

bus names.
6-36
Exceptions:
• When any combination of an Inport block, an Outport block, and any other block
have the same block name, use a suffix or prefix on the Inport and Outport blocks.
• One common suffix / prefix is _in for Inport blocks and _out for Outport blocks.
• You may use any suffix or prefix on the ports, however, the prefix that you select
must be consistent.
• Library blocks and reusable subsystems that encapsulate generic functionality.
• When names of Inport and Outport blocks are hidden, apply a consistent
naming practice for the blocks. Suggested practices include leaving the default
names (for example, Out1), giving them the same name as the associated signal, or
giving them a shortened or mangled version of the name of the associated signal.
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
• Code Generation
• Simulation
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Simulink > Check for mismatches
between names of ports and corresponding signals
For check details, see “Check for matching port and signal names”.
6-37
6 Simulink
jc_0281: Naming of Trigger Port block and Enable

Port block
ID: Title
jc_0281: Naming of Trigger Port block and Enable Port block
Priority
Scope
J-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
For Trigger and Enable port blocks, match the block name of the signal triggering the
subsystem.
6-38
jc_0281: Naming of Trigger Port block and Enable Port block
Rationale
• Readability
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Simulink > Check Trigger and
Enable block port names
For check details, see “Check Trigger and Enable block names”.
6-39
6 Simulink
Signals
• na_0008: Display of labels on signals
• na_0009: Entry versus propagation of signal labels
• db_0097: Position of labels for signals and busses
• db_0081: Unconnected signals, block inputs and block outputs
The preceding guidelines apply to signals and signal labels. For background information,
see “Signals and Signal Labels” on page D-3.
Some of the preceding guidelines refer to basic blocks. For an explanation of the meaning
and some examples, see “Basic Blocks” on page D-2.
6-40
na_0008: Display of labels on signals
ID: Title
Priority
Recommended
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
• A label must be displayed on a signal originating from the following blocks:
• Inport block
• From block (block icon exception applies – see the following Note
• Subsystem block or Stateflow chart block (block icon exception applies)
• Bus Selector block (the tool forces this to happen)
6-41
6 Simulink
• Demux block
• Selector block
• Data Store Read block (block icon exception applies)
• Constant block (block icon exception applies)
• A label must be displayed on any signal connected to the following destination blocks
(directly or by way of a basic block that performs a nontransformative operation):
• Outport block
• Goto block
• Data Store Write block
• Bus Creator block
• Mux block
• Subsystem block
• Chart block
Note: Block icon exception (applicable only where called out): If the signal label
is visible in the originating block icon display, the connected signal does not need
to have the label displayed, unless the signal label is needed elsewhere due to a
destination-based rule.
Correct
Incorrect
6-42
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V2.2
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Simulink > Check signal line labels
For check details, see “Check signal line labels”.
6-43
6 Simulink
na_0009: Entry versus propagation of signal labels
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
Description
If a label is present on a signal, the following rules define whether that label is created
there (entered directly on the signal) or propagated from its true source (inherited from
elsewhere in the model by using the less than (<) character).
• Any displayed signal label must be entered for signals that:
• Originate from an Inport at the Root (top) Level of a model
6-44
• Originate from a basic block that performs a transformative operation (For the
purpose of interpreting this rule only, the Bus Creator block, Mux block, and
Selector block are considered to be included among the blocks that perform
transformative operations.)
• Any displayed signal label must be propagated for signals that:
• Originate from an Inport block in a nested subsystem
Exception: If the nested subsystem is a library subsystem, a label may be entered

on the signal coming from the Inport to accommodate reuse of the library block.
• Originate from a basic block that performs a nontransformative operation
• Originate from a Subsystem or Stateflow chart block
Exception: If the connection originates from the output of a library subsystem

block instance, a new label may be entered on the signal to accommodate reuse of
the library block.
Rationale
• Readability
6-45
6 Simulink
• Workflow
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Simulink > Check for propagated
labels on signal lines
For check details, see “Check for propagated signal labels”.
6-46
db_0097: Position of labels for signals and busses
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
The labels must be visually associated with the corresponding signal and not overlap
other labels, signals, or blocks.
Labels should be located consistently below horizontal lines and close to the
corresponding source or destination block.
6-47
6 Simulink
Rationale
• Readability
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
6-48
db_0081: Unconnected signals, block inputs and block outputs
db_0081: Unconnected signals, block inputs and

block outputs
ID: Title
db_0081: Unconnected signals, block inputs and block outputs
Priority
Mandatory
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
A system must not have any:
• Unconnected subsystem or basic block inputs

• Unconnected subsystem or basic block outputs
• Unconnected signal lines
6-49
6 Simulink
In addition:
• An otherwise unconnected input should be connected to a ground block

• An otherwise unconnected output should be connected to a terminator block
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Simulink > Check whether model
has unconnected block input ports, output ports, or signal lines
For check details, see “Check for unconnected ports and signal lines”.
6-50
Block Usage
Block Usage
• na_0003: Simple logical expressions in If Condition block
• na_0002: Appropriate implementation of fundamental logical and numerical
operations
• jm_0001: Prohibited Simulink standard blocks inside controllers
• hd_0001: Prohibited Simulink sinks
• na_0011: Scope of Goto and From blocks
• jc_0141: Use of the Switch block
• jc_0121: Use of the Sum block
• jc_0131: Use of Relational Operator block
• jc_0161: Use of Data Store Read/Write/Memory blocks
6-51
6 Simulink
na_0003: Simple logical expressions in If Condition

block
ID: Title
na_0003: Simple logical expressions in If Condition block
Priority
Mandatory
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
A logical expression may be implemented within an If Condition block instead of building
it up with logical operation blocks, if the expression contains two or fewer primary
expressions. A primary expression is defined as one of the following:
• An input
6-52
na_0003: Simple logical expressions in If Condition block
• A constant
• A constant parameter
• A parenthesized expression containing no operators except zero or one instance of the
following operators: < , <= , >, >=, ~=, ==, ~. (See the following examples.)
Exception
A logical expression may contain more than two primary expressions if both of the
following are true:
• The primary expressions are all inputs

• Only one type of logical operator is present
Examples of Acceptable Exceptions
• u1 || u2 || u3 ||u4 || u5
• u1 && u2 && u3 && u4
Examples of Primary Expressions

• u1
• 5
• K
• (u1 > 0)
• (u1 <= G)
• (u1 > U2)
• (~u1)
• (EngineState.ENGINE_RUNNING)
Examples of Acceptable Logical Expressions
• u1 || u2
• (u1 > 0) && (u1 < 20)
6-53
6 Simulink
• (u1 > 0) && (u2 < u3)

• (u1 > 0) && (~u2)
• (EngineState.ENGINE_RUNNING > 0) && (PRNDLState.PRNDL_PARK)
Note: In this example, EngineState.ENGINE_RUNNING and

PRNDLState.PRNDL_PARK are enumeration literals.
Examples of Unacceptable Logical Expressions
u1 && u2 || u3 (too many primary expressions)

u1 && (u2 || u3) (unacceptable operator within primary
expression)
(u1 > 0) && (u1 < 20) && (u2 > 5) (too many primary expressions that are not
inputs)
(u1 > 0) && ((2*u2) > 6) (unacceptable operator within primary
expression)
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V2.2
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
6-54
na_0002: Appropriate implementation of

fundamental logical and numerical operations
ID: Title
Priority
Mandatory
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
• Blocks that are intended to perform numerical operations must not be used to perform
logical operations.
6-55
6 Simulink
Incorrect
• A logical output should never be connected directly to the input of blocks that operate
on numerical inputs.
• The result of a logical expression fragment should never be operated on by a
numerical operator.
Incorrect
• Blocks that are intended to perform logical operations must not be used to perform
numerical operations.
• A numerical output should never be connected to the input of blocks that operate on
logical inputs.
6-56
Incorrect
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V3.0
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
6-57
6 Simulink
jm_0001: Prohibited Simulink standard blocks inside

controllers
ID: Title
jm_0001: Prohibited Simulink standard blocks inside controllers
Priority
Mandatory
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
• Controller models must be designed from discrete blocks.
• MathWorks “Simulink Block Data Type Support” table provides a list of blocks that
support production code generation. See “Simulink Block Data Type Support”.
6-58
jm_0001: Prohibited Simulink standard blocks inside controllers
• Use blocks listed as “Code Generation Support.”

• Do not use blocks listed as “Not recommended for production code.” See footnote 4
in the table.
• In addition to the blocks defined by the above rule, do not use the following blocks:
The following sources are not allowed:
Band-Limited White
Random Number
Noise
Uniform Random
Pulse Generator
Number

Sine Wave
The following additional blocks are not allowed. The MAAB Style guide group
recommends not using the following blocks. The list may be extended by individual
companies.
Real-Imag to
Slider Gain
Complex
Manual Switch Polynomial
Complex to Interpreted
Magnitude-Angle MATLAB Function
Magnitude-Angle to
Goto Tag Visibility
Complex
Complex to Real-
Probe
Imag
6-59
6 Simulink
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
• Code Generation
• Simulation
Last Changed
V2.2
Model Advisor Checks

• By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Simulink > Check for blocks not
recommended for C/C++ production code deployment
For check details, see “Check for blocks not recommended for C/C++ production code
deployment”.
• By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Simulink > Check for blocks that
are not discrete
For check details, see “Check for prohibited blocks in discrete controllers”.
6-60
hd_0001: Prohibited Simulink sinks
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
Controller models must be designed from discrete blocks.
The following sink blocks are not allowed:
To File Stop
Simulation
6-61
6 Simulink
To
Workspace
Note: Simulink Scope and Display blocks are allowed in the model diagram. Consider
using Simulink Signal logging and Signal and Scope Manager for data logging and
viewing requirements.
Rationale
• Code Generation
• Simulation
Last Changed
V2.2
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Simulink > Check for prohibited
sink blocks
For check details, see “Check for prohibited sink blocks”.
6-62
na_0011: Scope of Goto and From blocks
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
For signal flows, the following rules apply:
• From and Goto blocks must use local scope.
Note: Control flow signals may use global scope.
Control flow signals are output from:
6-63
6 Simulink
• Function-call generators
• If and Case blocks
• Function call outputs from MATLAB and Stateflow blocks
Control flow signals are identified as dashed lines in the model after updating a Simulink
model.
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
• Code Generation
• Simulation
Last Changed
V2.2
6-64
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Simulink > Check for proper scope
of From and Goto blocks
For check details, see “Check scope of From and Goto blocks”.
6-65
6 Simulink
jc_0141: Use of the Switch block
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
• The switch condition, input 2, must be a Boolean value.
• The block parameter, Criteria for passing first input, should be set to u2~=0.
6-66
Correct
Incorrect
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
6-67
6 Simulink
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V2.2
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Simulink > Check for proper use of
Switch blocks
For check details, see “Check usage of Switch blocks”.
6-68
jc_0121: Use of the Sum block
ID: Title
Priority
Recommended
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
Sum blocks should:
• Use the “rectangular” shape.

• Be sized so that the input signals do not overlap.
6-69
6 Simulink
Correct
Incorrect
You may use the round shape in feedback loops.
• There should be no more than three inputs.

• Position the inputs at 90,180,270 degrees.
• Position the output at 0 degrees.
6-70
Correct
Incorrect
6-71
6 Simulink
Correct
Incorrect
Rationale
Readability
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
6-72
jc_0131: Use of Relational Operator block
ID: Title
Priority
Recommended
Scope
J-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
When the relational operator is used to compare a signal to a constant value, the
constant input should be the second (lower) input signal.
6-73
6 Simulink
Correct
Incorrect
Rationale
• Readability
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Simulink > Check for proper
position of constants used in Relational Operator blocks
For check details, see “Check usage of Relational Operator blocks”.
6-74
jc_0161: Use of Data Store Read/Write/Memory blocks
jc_0161: Use of Data Store Read/Write/Memory

blocks
ID: Title
jc_0161: Use of Data Store Read/Write/Memory blocks
Priority
Scope
J-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
Description
Data Store Memory, Data Store Read, and Data Store Write blocks are
• Prohibited in a data flow layer

• Allowed between subsystems running at different rates
6-75
6 Simulink
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
6-76
Block Parameters
Block Parameters
• db_0112: Indexing
• na_0010: Grouping data flows into signals
• db_0110: Tunable parameters in basic blocks
6-77
6 Simulink
db_0112: Indexing
ID: Title
db_0112: Indexing
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
Use a consistent vector indexing method for all blocks.
When possible, use zero-based indexing to improve code efficiency. However, since
MATLAB blocks do not support zero-based indexing, one-based indexing can be used for
models containing MATLAB blocks.
6-78
db_0112: Indexing
See Also
• “cgsl_0101: Zero-based indexing”
• “hisl_0021: Consistent vector indexing method”
Rationale
• Readability
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V2.2
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Simulink > Check for blocks not
using one-based indexing
For check details, see “Check for indexing in blocks”.
6-79
6 Simulink
na_0010: Grouping data flows into signals
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
Vectors
The individual scalar signals composing a vector must have common functionality, data
types, dimensions, and units. The most common example of a vector signal is sensor or
actuator data that is grouped into an array indexed by location. The output of a Mux
block must always be a vector. The inputs to a Mux block must always be scalars.
6-80
Busses
Signals that do not meet criteria for use as a vector, as previously described, must only be
grouped into bus signals. Use Bus Selector blocks only with a bus signal input; do not use
them to extract scalar signals from vector signals.
Examples
Some examples of vector signals include:
Vector type Size

Row vector [1 n]
Column vector [n 1]
Wheel speed vector [1 Number of wheels]
Cylinder vector [1 Number of cylinders]
Position vector based on 2D [1 2]
coordinates
Position vector based on 3D [1 3]
coordinates
Some examples of bus signals include:
Bus type Elements

Sensor Bus Force Vector [Fx, Fy, Fz]
Position
Wheel Speed Vector [Θlf, Θrf, Θlr, Θrr]
Acceleration
Pressure
Controller Bus Sensor Bus
Actuator Bus
Serial Data Bus Coolant Temperature
Engine Speed, Passenger Door Open
6-81
6 Simulink
Rationale
• Readability
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Simulink > Check for proper use of
signal buses and Mux block usage
For check details, see “Check usage of buses and Mux blocks”.
6-82
db_0110: Tunable parameters in basic blocks
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
To ensure that a parameter is tunable, enter it in a block dialog field:
• Without any expression.

• Without a data type conversion.
• Without selection of rows or columns.
6-83
6 Simulink
Correct
Incorrect
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
• Code Generation
• Simulation
Last Changed
V2.2
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Simulink > Check whether tunable
parameters specify expressions, data type conversions, or indexing operations
For check details, see “Check usage of tunable parameters in blocks”.
6-84
Simulink Patterns
Simulink Patterns
• na_0012: Use of Switch vs. If-Then-Else Action Subsystem
• db_0114: Simulink patterns for If-then-else-if constructs
• db_0115: Simulink patterns for case constructs
• na_0028: Use of If-Then-Else Action Subsystem to Replace Multiple Switches
• db_0116: Simulink patterns for logical constructs with logical blocks
• db_0117: Simulink patterns for vector signals
• jc_0351: Methods of initialization
• jc_0111: Direction of Subsystem
The preceding guidelines illustrate sample patterns used in Simulink diagrams. As such,
the patterns normally would be part of a much larger Simulink diagram.
6-85
6 Simulink
na_0012: Use of Switch vs. If-Then-Else Action

Subsystem
ID: Title
na_0012: Use of Switch vs. If-Then-Else Action Subsystem
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
The Switch block should be used for modeling simple if-then-else structures, if the
associated then and else actions involve only the assignment of constant values.
6-86
na_0012: Use of Switch vs. If-Then-Else Action Subsystem
The if-then-else action subsystem construct:
• Should be used for modeling if-then-else structures, if the associated then and/or else
actions require complicated computations. This maximizes simulation efficiency and
the efficiency of generated code. (Note that even a basic block, for example a table
lookup, may require fairly complicated computations.)
• Must be used for modeling if-then-else structures, if the purpose of the construct is to
avoid an undesirable numerical computation, such as division by zero.
• Should be used for modeling if-then-else structures, if the explicit or implied then or
the else action is just to hold the associated output values.
In other cases, the degree of complexity of the then and/or else action computations and
the intelligence of the Simulink simulation and code generation engines determine the
appropriate construct.
These statements also apply to more complicated nested and cascaded if-then-else
structures and case structure implementations.
6-87
6 Simulink
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
6-88
db_0114: Simulink patterns for If-then-else-if constructs
db_0114: Simulink patterns for If-then-else-if

constructs
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
Use the following patterns for If-then-else-if constructs within a Simulink model:
6-89
6 Simulink
Equivalent Functionality Simulink Pattern

if then else if with blocks
if (If_Condition) {
output_signal = If_Value;
}
else if (Else_If_Condition) {
output_signal =
Else_If_Value;
}
else {
output_signal =
Else_Value;
}

if then else if with if/then/else subsystems
if(Fault_1_Active &
Fault_2_Active)
{
ErrMsg = SaftyCrit;
}
else if (Fault_1_Active |
Fault_2_Active)
{
ErrMsg = DriveWarn;
}
else
{
ErrMsg = NoFaults;
}
Rationale
• Readability
Last Changed
V2.0
6-90
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
6-91
6 Simulink
db_0115: Simulink patterns for case constructs
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
Use the following patterns for case constructs within a Simulink model:
6-92

case with Switch Case block
switch (PRNDL_Enum)
{
case 1
TqEstimate = ParkV;
break;
case 2
TqEstimae = RevV;
break;
default
TqEstimate = NeutralV;
break;
}
Rationale
• Readability
Last Changed
V2.2
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
6-93
6 Simulink
na_0028: Use of If-Then-Else Action Subsystem to

Replace Multiple Switches
ID: Title
na_0028: Use of If-Then-Else Action Subsystem to Replace Multiple Switches
Priority
Recommended
Scope
NA-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
• na_0012: Use of Switch vs. If-Then-Else Action Subsystem
• db_0144: Use of Subsystems
Description
The use of switch constructs should be limited, typically to 3 levels. Replace switch
constructs that have more than 3 levels with an If-Then-Else action subsystem construct.
6-94
na_0028: Use of If-Then-Else Action Subsystem to Replace Multiple Switches
Incorrect
6-95
6 Simulink
Rationale
• Readability
Last Changed
V3.0
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
6-96
db_0116: Simulink patterns for logical constructs with logical blocks
db_0116: Simulink patterns for logical constructs

with logical blocks
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
Use the following patterns for logical combinations within Simulink:
6-97
6 Simulink

Combination of logical signals: conjunctive
Combination of logical signals: disjunctive
Rationale
• Readability
6-98
Last Changed
V1.0
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
6-99
6 Simulink
db_0117: Simulink patterns for vector signals
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
Simulink is a vectorizable modeling language allowing for the direct processing of vector
data. Use the following patterns for vector signals within a Simulink model:

Vector loop
for (i=0;
i<input_vector_size; i++)
6-100

{
output_vector(i) =
input_vector(i) *
tunable_parameter_value;
}
Vector loop
for (i=0;
{
output_vector(i) =
input_vector(i) *
tunable_parameter_vector(i);
}
Vector loop
output_signal = 1;
for (i=0;
{
output_signal =
output_signal *
input_vector(i);
}
Vector loop
output_signal = 1;
for (i=0;
{
output_signal =
output_signal /
input_vector(i);
}
6-101
6 Simulink

Vector loop
for (i=0;
{
output_vector(i) =
input_vector(i) +
tunable_parameter_value;
}
Vector loop
for (i=0;
{
output_vector(i) =
input_vector(i) +
tunable_parameter_vector(i);
}
Vector loop:
output_signal = 0;
for (i=0;
{
output_signal =
output_signal +
input_vector(i);
}
Vector loop:
output_signal = 0;
for (i=0;
{
output_signal =
output_signal -
input_vector(i);
}
6-102

Minimum or maximum of a signal or a vector
over time:
Change event of a signal or a vector:
Rationale
• Readability
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V2.2
6-103
6 Simulink
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
6-104
jc_0351: Methods of initialization
ID: Title
Priority
Recommended
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
Description
Simple Initialization
• Blocks such as Unit Delay, which have an initial value field, can be used to set simple
initial values.
6-105
6 Simulink
• To determine if the initial value needs to be displayed, see MAAB Guideline db_0140:
Display of basic block parameters.
Example
Initialization that Requires Computation

The following rules apply for complex initialization:
• The initialization should be performed in a separate subsystem.

• The initialization subsystem should have a name that indicates that initialization is
performed by the subsystem.
Complex initialization may be done at a local level (Example A), at a global level
(Example B), or a combination of local and global.
Example A
6-106
Example B
Or
Rationale
• Readability
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V2.2
6-107
6 Simulink
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
6-108
jc_0111: Direction of Subsystem
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
J-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
Subsystem must not be reversed.
6-109
6 Simulink
Correct
Incorrect
Rationale
Readability
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Simulink > Check for direction of
subsystem blocks
6-110
For check details, see “Check orientation of Subsystem blocks”.
6-111
7
Stateflow
• “Chart Appearance” on page 7-2

• “Stateflow Data and Operations” on page 7-28
• “Events” on page 7-56
• “State Chart Patterns” on page 7-63
• “Flow Chart Patterns” on page 7-71
• “State Chart Architecture” on page 7-89
7 Stateflow
Chart Appearance
• db_0123: Stateflow port names
• db_0129: Stateflow transition appearance
• db_0137: States in state machines
• db_0133: Use of patterns for flow charts
• db_0132: Transitions in flow charts
• jc_0501: Format of entries in a State block
• jc_0511: Setting the return value from a graphical function
• jc_0531: Placement of the default transition
• jc_0521: Use of the return value from graphical functions
7-2
db_0123: Stateflow port names
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
The name of a Stateflow input or output should be the same as the corresponding signal.
Exception: Reusable Stateflow blocks may have different port names.
Rationale
• Readability
7-3
7 Stateflow
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V1.0
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Stateflow > Check for mismatches
between Stateflow ports and associated signal names
For check details, see “Check for mismatches between names of Stateflow ports and
associated signals”.
7-4
db_0129: Stateflow transition appearance
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
Transitions in Stateflow:
• Do not cross each other, if possible.

• Are not drawn one upon the other.
• Do not cross any states, junctions, or text fields.
7-5
7 Stateflow
• Allowed if transition is to an internal state.
Transition labels may be visually associated to the corresponding transition.
Correct
Correct: Transition crosses state boundary to connect to substate
7-6
Incorrect: Transitions cross each other and transition crosses through state
Rationale
• Readability
Last Changed
V2.2
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
7-7
7 Stateflow
db_0137: States in state machines
ID: Title
Priority
Mandatory
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
db_0149: Flow chart patterns for condition actions
Description
For all levels in a state machine, including the root level, for states with exclusive
decomposition the following rules apply:
• At least two exclusive states must exist.

• A state cannot have only one substate.
• The initial state of every hierarchical level with exclusive states is clearly defined by a
default transition. In the case of multiple default transitions, there must always be an
unconditional default transition.
7-8
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V3.0
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Stateflow > Check usage of exclusive
and default states in state machines
For check details, see “Check usage of exclusive and default states in state machines”.
7-9
7 Stateflow
db_0133: Use of patterns for flow charts
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
A flow chart is built with the help of flow chart patterns (for example, if-then-else,
for loop, and so on):
• The data flow is oriented from the top to the bottom.

• Patterns are connected with empty transitions.
7-10
Rationale
• Readability
Last Changed
V2.2
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
7-11
7 Stateflow
db_0132: Transitions in flow charts
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
The following rules apply to transitions in flow charts:
• Conditions are drawn on the horizontal.

• Actions are drawn on the vertical.
7-12
• Loop constructs are intentional exceptions to this rule.

• Transitions have a condition, a condition action, or an empty transition.
Transition with Condition
Transition with Condition Action
Empty Transition
Transition actions are not used in flow charts. Transition actions are only valid when
used in transitions between states in a state machine, otherwise they are not activated
because of the inherent dependency on a valid state to state transition to activate them.
Transition Action
7-13
7 Stateflow
At every junction, except for the last junction of a flow diagram, exactly one
unconditional transition begins. Every decision point (junction) must have a default path.
Transitions with Comments
Rationale
• Readability
Last Changed
V2.0
7-14
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Stateflow > Check transition
orientations in flow charts
For check details, see “Check Transition orientations in flow charts”.
7-15
7 Stateflow
jc_0501: Format of entries in a State block
ID: Title
Priority
Recommended
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
A new line should:
• Start after the entry (en), during (du), and exit (ex) statements.
• Start after the completion of an assignment statement “;”.
7-16
Correct
Incorrect
Failed to start a new line after en, du, and ex.
7-17
7 Stateflow
Incorrect
Failed to start a new line after the completion of an assignment statement “;”.
Rationale
Readability
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Stateflow > Check for entry format
in state blocks
For check details, see “Check entry formatting in State blocks in Stateflow charts”.
7-18
jc_0511: Setting the return value from a graphical function
jc_0511: Setting the return value from a graphical

function
ID: Title
Priority
Mandatory
Scope
J-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
The return value from a graphical function must be set in only one place.
7-19
7 Stateflow
Correct
Return value A is set in one place.
Incorrect
Return value A is set in multiple places.
Rationale
• Readability
• Code Generation
7-20
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Stateflow > Check setting Stateflow
graphical function return value
For check details, see “Check return value assignments of graphical functions in
Stateflow charts”.
7-21
7 Stateflow
jc_0531: Placement of the default transition
ID: Title
Priority
Recommended
Scope
J-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
• Default transition is connected at the top of the state.
• The destination state of the default transition is put above the other states in the
same hierarchy.
7-22
Correct
• The default transition is connected at the top of the state.

• The destination state of the default transition is put above the other states in the
same hierarchy.
Incorrect
• Default transition is connected at the side of the state (State 1).

• The destination state of the default transition is lower than the other states in the
same hierarchy (SubSt_off).
7-23
7 Stateflow
Rationale
Readability
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Stateflow > Check default transition
placement in Stateflow charts
For check details, see “Check default transition placement in Stateflow charts”.
7-24
jc_0521: Use of the return value from graphical functions
jc_0521: Use of the return value from graphical

functions
ID: Title
Priority
Recommended
Scope
J-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
The return value from a graphical function should not be used directly in a comparison
operation.
7-25
7 Stateflow
Correct
An intermediate variable is used in the conditional expression after the assignment of

the return value from the function temp_test to the intermediate variable a.
Incorrect
Return value of the function temp_test is used in the conditional expression.
Rationale
• Readability
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V2.0
7-26
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Stateflow > Check usage of return
values from a graphical function in Stateflow charts
For check details, see “Check usage of return values from a graphical function in
7-27
7 Stateflow
Stateflow Data and Operations

• na_0001: Bitwise Stateflow operators
• jc_0451: Use of unary minus on unsigned integers in Stateflow
• na_0013: Comparison operation in Stateflow
• db_0122: Stateflow and Simulink interface signals and parameters
• db_0125: Scope of internal signals and local auxiliary variables
• jc_0481: Use of hard equality comparisons for floating point numbers in Stateflow
• jc_0491: Reuse of variables within a single Stateflow scope
• jc_0541: Use of tunable parameters in Stateflow
• db_0127: MATLAB commands in Stateflow
• jm_0011: Pointers in Stateflow
7-28
na_0001: Bitwise Stateflow operators
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
The bitwise Stateflow operators (&, |, and ^) should not be used in Stateflow charts
unless you want bitwise operations:
To enable bitwise operations,
1 Select File > Chart Properties.

2 Select Enable C-bit operations.
7-29
7 Stateflow
Correct
Use && and || for Boolean operation.
Use & and | for bit operation.
7-30
Incorrect
Use & and | for Boolean operation.
Rationale
• Readability
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V2.2
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Stateflow > Check for bitwise
operations in Stateflow charts
For check details, see “Check for bitwise operations in Stateflow charts”.
7-31
7 Stateflow
jc_0451: Use of unary minus on unsigned integers in

Stateflow
ID: Title
jc_0451: Use of unary minus on unsigned integers in Stateflow
Priority
Recommended
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
Do not perform unary minus on unsigned integers.
Correct
7-32
jc_0451: Use of unary minus on unsigned integers in Stateflow
Incorrect
Rationale
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Stateflow > Check for unary minus
operations on unsigned integers in Stateflow charts
For check details, see “Check for unary minus operations on unsigned integers in
7-33
7 Stateflow
na_0013: Comparison operation in Stateflow
ID: Title
Priority
Recommended
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
• Comparisons should be made only between variables of the same data type.
• If comparisons are made between variables of different data types, the variables need
to be explicitly type cast to matching data types.
7-34
Correct
Same data type in “i” and “n”
Incorrect
Different data type in “i” and “d”
Correct
Do not make comparisons between unsigned integers and negative numbers.
Incorrect
7-35
7 Stateflow
Rationale
• Code Generation
• Simulation
Last Changed
V2.1
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Stateflow > Check for comparison
operations in Stateflow charts
For check details, see “Check for comparison operations in Stateflow charts”.
7-36
db_0122: Stateflow and Simulink interface signals and parameters
db_0122: Stateflow and Simulink interface signals

and parameters
ID: Title
db_0122: Stateflow and Simulink interface signals and parameters
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
A Chart uses strong data typing with Simulink and requires that you select the Use
Strong Data Typing with Simulink I/O parameter.
7-37
7 Stateflow
Rationale
• Code Generation
• Simulation
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Stateflow > Check interface signals
and parameters
For check details, see “Check for Strong Data Typing with Simulink I/O”.
7-38
db_0125: Scope of internal signals and local auxiliary variables
db_0125: Scope of internal signals and local

auxiliary variables
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
Internal signals and local auxiliary variables are "Local data" in Stateflow:
• All local data of a Stateflow block must be defined on the chart level or below the
Object Hierarchy.
• No local variables may exist on the machine level (that is, no interaction should occur
between local data in different charts).
7-39
7 Stateflow
• Parameters and constants are allowed at the machine level.
Correct
Incorrect
Rationale
• Readability
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Stateflow > Check Stateflow data
objects with local scope
7-40
For check details, see “Check Stateflow data objects with local scope”.
7-41
7 Stateflow
jc_0481: Use of hard equality comparisons for

floating point numbers in Stateflow
ID: Title
jc_0481: Use of hard equality comparisons for floating point numbers in Stateflow
Priority
Recommended
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
• Do not use hard equality comparisons (Var1 == Var2) with two floating-point
numbers.
• If a hard comparison is required, a margin of error should be defined and used in the
comparison (LIMIT, in the example).
• Hard equality comparisons may be done between two integer data types.
7-42
jc_0481: Use of hard equality comparisons for floating point numbers in Stateflow
Correct
Incorrect
Rationale
7-43
7 Stateflow
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V2.0
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Stateflow > Check for equality
operations between floating-point expressions in Stateflow charts
For check details, see “Check for equality operations between floating-point expressions
in Stateflow charts”.
7-44
jc_0491: Reuse of variables within a single Stateflow scope
jc_0491: Reuse of variables within a single Stateflow

scope
ID: Title
Priority
Recommended
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
The same variable should not have multiple meanings (usages) within a single Stateflow
state.
7-45
7 Stateflow
Correct
Variable of loop counter must not be used other than loop counter.
Incorrect
7-46
The meaning of the variable i changes from the index of the loop counter to the sum of a
+b.
Correct
tempVar is defined as local scope in both SubState_A and SubState_B.
Rationale
• Readability
• Verification
• Code Generation
7-47
7 Stateflow
Last Changed
V2.2
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
7-48
jc_0541: Use of tunable parameters in Stateflow
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
Create tunable parameters in Stateflow charts in one of the following ways:
• Define the parameters in the Stateflow chart and corresponding parameters in the
base workspace.
• Include the tunable parameters an input into the Stateflow chart. The parameters
must be defined in the base workspace.
7-49
7 Stateflow
Base Workspace Definitions
Stateflow Chart Definitions
Stateflow Chart
Rationale
• Verification
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V2.2
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
7-50
db_0127: MATLAB commands in Stateflow
ID: Title
Priority
Mandatory
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
In Stateflow charts, do not use the .ml syntax.
Individual companies should decide on the use of MATLAB functions. If they are
permitted, then MATLAB functions should only be accessed through the MATLAB
function block.
7-51
7 Stateflow
Correct
Incorrect
Rationale
• Code Generation
• Simulation
Note: Code generation supports a limited subset of the MATLAB functions. For a
complete list of the supported function, see the MathWorks documentation.
Last Changed
V2.2
7-52
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Stateflow > Check for MATLAB
expressions in Stateflow charts
For check details, see “Check for MATLAB expressions in Stateflow charts”.
7-53
7 Stateflow
jm_0011: Pointers in Stateflow
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
In a Stateflow diagram, pointers to custom code variables are not allowed.
Rationale
• Readability
7-54

• Code Generation
Last Changed
V1.0
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Stateflow > Check for pointers in
Stateflow charts
For check details, see “Check for pointers in Stateflow charts”.
7-55
7 Stateflow
Events
• db_0126: Scope of events
• jm_0012: Event broadcasts
7-56
db_0126: Scope of events
ID: Title
Priority
Mandatory
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
Pre R2009b
Prerequisites
None
Description
The following rules apply to events in Stateflow:
• All events of a Chart must be defined on the chart level or lower.

• There is no event on the machine level (i.e. there is no interaction with local events
between different charts).
Specifics
7-57
7 Stateflow
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V2.2
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
7-58
jm_0012: Event broadcasts
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
Description
The following rules apply to event broadcasts in Stateflow:
• Directed event broadcasts are the only type of event broadcasts allowed.
• The send syntax or qualified event names are used to direct the event to a particular
state.
• Multiple send statements should be used to direct an event to more than one state.
7-59
7 Stateflow
Correct: Example Using Send Syntax
Correct: Example Using Qualified Event Names
7-60
Incorrect: Use of a non-directed event
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
• Code Generation
• Simulation
Last Changed
V2.2
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Stateflow > Check for event
broadcasts in Stateflow charts
7-61
7 Stateflow
For check details, see “Check for event broadcasts in Stateflow charts”.
7-62
State Chart Patterns
State Chart Patterns

• db_0150: State machine patterns for conditions
• db_0151: State machine patterns for transition actions
7-63
7 Stateflow
db_0150: State machine patterns for conditions
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
The following patterns are used for conditions within Stateflow state machines:
Equivalent Functionality State Machine Pattern

One condition:
(condition)
7-64
7-65
7 Stateflow

Up to three conditions, short
form:
(The use of different logical

operators in this form is not
allowed. Use subconditions
instead.)
(condition1 &&
condition2)
(condition1 ||
condition2)
Two or more conditions,
multiline form:
A subcondition is a set of logical

operations, all of the same type,
enclosed in parentheses.
(The use of different operators

in this form is not allowed. Use
subconditions instead.)
(condition1 ...
&& condition2 ...
&& condition3)
(condition1 ...
|| condition2 ...
|| condition3)
Rationale
• Readability
Last Changed
V2.2
7-66
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
7-67
7 Stateflow
db_0151: State machine patterns for transition

actions
ID: Title
db_0151: State machine patterns for transition actions
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
The following patterns are used for transition actions within Stateflow state machines:

One transition action:
action;
7-68
db_0151: State machine patterns for transition actions

Two or more transition actions,
multiline form:
(Two or more transition actions

in one line are not allowed.)
action1;
action2;
action3;
7-69
7 Stateflow
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
• Code Generation
• Simulation
Last Changed
V2.2
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > Stateflow > Check transition actions
in Stateflow charts
For check details, see “Check transition actions in Stateflow charts”.
7-70
Flow Chart Patterns
Flow Chart Patterns

• db_0148: Flow chart patterns for conditions
• db_0149: Flow chart patterns for condition actions
• db_0134: Flow chart patterns for If constructs
• db_0159: Flow chart patterns for case constructs
• db_0135: Flow chart patterns for loop constructs
The preceding guidelines illustrate sample patterns used in flow charts. As such, they
would normally be part of a much larger Stateflow diagram.
7-71
7 Stateflow
db_0148: Flow chart patterns for conditions
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
Use the following patterns for conditions within Stateflow flow charts:
7-72
Equivalent Functionality Flow Chart Pattern

One condition:
[condition]
Up to three conditions, short form:

instead.)
[condition1
&& condition2
&& condition3]
[condition1
|| condition2
|| condition3]

Two or more conditions, multiline
form:

instead.)
[condition1 ...
&& condition2 ...
&& condition3]
[condition1 ...
|| condition2 ...
|| condition3]
7-73
7 Stateflow

Conditions with subconditions:

operators to connect subconditions
is not allowed. The use of brackets
is mandatory.)
[(condition1a
|| condition1b) ...
&& (condition2a
|| condition2b) ...
&& (condition3)]
[(condition1a
&& condition1b) ...
|| (condition2a
&& condition2b) ...
|| (condition3)]

Conditions that are visually
separated:
(This form may be combined with

the preceding patterns.)
[condition1
&& condition2]
[condition1
|| condition2]
Rationale
• Readability
7-74
Last Changed
V2.2
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
7-75
7 Stateflow
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
You should use the following patterns for condition actions within Stateflow flow charts:
7-76

One condition action:
action;
Two or more condition actions, multiline form:
(Two or more condition actions in one line are

not allowed.)
action1; ...
action2; ...
action3; ...
Condition actions, that are visually separated:
(This form may be combined with the

preceding patterns.)
action1a;
action1b;
action2;
action3;
7-77
7 Stateflow
Rationale
• Readability
Last Changed
V2.2
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
7-78
db_0134: Flow chart patterns for If constructs
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
Description
Use the following patterns for If constructs within Stateflow flow charts:
7-79
7 Stateflow

if then
if (condition){ action;
}

if then else
if (condition){ action1;
}
else {
action2;
}
7-80

if then else if
if (condition1){ action1;
}
else if (condition2) { action2;
}
else if (condition3){
__action3;
}
else {
action4;
}

Cascade of if then
}
}
}
7-81
7 Stateflow
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
• Code Generation
• Simulation
Last Changed
V1.0
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
7-82
db_0159: Flow chart patterns for case constructs
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
7-83
7 Stateflow
Description
Use the following patterns must be used for case constructs within Stateflow flow charts:

case with exclusive selection
selection = ...;
switch (selection)
{
case 1:
action1;
break;
case 2:
action2;
break;
case 3:
action3;
break;
default:
action4;
}
7-84

case with exclusive conditions
c1 = condition1;
c2 = condition2;
c3 = condition3;
if (c1 && !c2 && !c3)
{
action1;
}
elseif (!c1 && c2 && !c3)
{
action2;
}
elseif (!c1 && !c2 && c3)
{
action3;
}
else
{
action4;
}
Rationale
• Readability
Last Changed
V1.0
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
7-85
7 Stateflow
db_0135: Flow chart patterns for loop constructs
ID: Title
Priority
Recommended
Scope
MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
Description
Use the following patterns to create Loops within Stateflow flow charts:
7-86

for loop
for (index=0;
index<number_of_loops;
index++)
{
action;
}
while loop
while (condition)
{
action;
}
do while loop
do
{
action;
}
while (condition);
7-87
7 Stateflow
Rationale
• Readability
Last Changed
V1.0
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
7-88
State Chart Architecture
State Chart Architecture

• na_0038: Levels in Stateflow charts
• na_0039: Use of Simulink in Stateflow charts
• na_0040: Number of states per container
• na_0041: Selection of function type
• na_0042: Location of Simulink functions
7-89
7 Stateflow
na_0038: Levels in Stateflow charts
ID: Title
Priority
Recommended
Scope
NA-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Description
The number of nested States should be limited, typically 3 per level. If additional levels
are required, use sub-charts.
Incorrect: Level_4_a and Level_4_b are nested more than 3 deep
7-90
Correct: The 4 levels are encapsulated inside a subchart
7-91
7 Stateflow
Rationale
• Readability
Last Changed
V3.0
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
7-92
na_0039: Use of Simulink in Stateflow charts
ID: Title
Priority
Recommended
Scope
NA-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
R2010b and later
Description
Do not nest Stateflow charts inside Simulink functions that are included in Stateflow
charts.
Incorrect
Rationale
• Readability
7-93
7 Stateflow

• Code Generation
Last Changed
V3.0
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
7-94
na_0040: Number of states per container
ID: Title
Priority
Recommended
Scope
NA-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Description
The number of viewable States per container should be limited, typically to 6 to 10 states
per container. The number is based on the visible states in the diagram.
Correct
7-95
7 Stateflow
Note
A container is either a State, Box or root level chart.
Rationale
• Readability
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V3.0
7-96
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
7-97
7 Stateflow
na_0041: Selection of function type
ID: Title
Priority
Recommended
Scope
NA-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Description
Stateflow supports three types of functions: Graphical, MATLAB and Simulink. The
appropriate function depends on the type of operations required:
• Simulink
• Transfer functions
• Integrators
• Table look-ups
• MATLAB
• Complex equations
• If / then / else logic
7-98
• Graphical functions
• If / then / else logic
Rationale
• Workflow
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V3.0
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
7-99
7 Stateflow
na_0042: Location of Simulink functions
ID: Title
Priority
Recommended
Scope
NA-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
Description
When deciding whether to embed Simulink functions inside a Stateflow chart, the
following conditions make embedding the preferred option. If the Simulink functions
• Use only local Chart data.
OR
• Use a mixture of local Chart data and inputs from Simulink. OR
7-100
OR
• Are called from multiple locations within the chart.
OR
• Are not called every time step.
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
Last Changed
V3.0
Model Advisor Check

Not applicable
7-101
8
Enumerated Data
8 Enumerated Data
General Guidelines
• na_0033: Enumerated Types Usage
• na_0031: Definition of default enumerated value
8-2
na_0033: Enumerated Types Usage
ID: Title
Priority
Recommended
Scope
NA-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
R2010b and later
Prerequisites
None
Description
An enumerated data type should be used when a signal or parameter can take on a finite
set of integer values, and those values are associated with a set of named items. The
names, called literals, have meaning in the context of the algorithm or the domain in
which it operates. Typically, these literals represent an operating mode, signal status,
build variation, or some other discrete property that the quantity represented by the
variable can take on. A typical automotive example of this is the modes of a transmission:
Park, Reverse Neutral, Drive, Low.
8-3
8 Enumerated Data
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
• Code Generation
• Simulation
See Also
• dm_0002: Enumerated type usage
Last Changed
V3.0
8-4
na_0031: Definition of default enumerated value
ID: Title
Priority
Recommended
Scope
NA-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
R2010b and later
Prerequisites
None
Description
The default value of the enumeration should always be explicitly defined for the
enumerated type.
Rationale
• Readability
8-5
8 Enumerated Data

• Code Generation
Last Changed
V3.0
8-6
9
MATLAB Functions
• “MATLAB Function Appearance” on page 9-2

• “MATLAB Function Data and Operations” on page 9-9
• “MATLAB Function Patterns” on page 9-15
• “MATLAB Function Usage” on page 9-18
9 MATLAB Functions
MATLAB Function Appearance

• na_0018: Number of nested if/else and case statement
• na_0019: Restricted Variable Names
• na_0025: MATLAB Function Header
9-2
na_0018: Number of nested if/else and case statement
na_0018: Number of nested if/else and case

statement
ID: Title
na_0018: Number of nested if/else and case statement
Priority
Scope
NA-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
The number of levels of nested if / else and case statements should be limited, typically to
3 levels.
Rationale
• Readability
9-3
9 MATLAB Functions
• Code Generation
See Also
• jr_0002: Number of nested if/else and case statement blocks
Last Changed
V3.0
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > MATLAB Functions > Check
MATLAB Function block metrics
For check details, see “Check MATLAB Function metrics”.
9-4
na_0019: Restricted Variable Names
ID: Title
Priority
Mandatory
Scope
NA-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
To improve the readability of the MATLAB code, avoid using reserved C variable names.
For example, avoid using const, const, TRUE, FALSE, infinity, nil, double, single,
or enum.
Avoid using variable names that conflict with MATLAB Functions, for example conv.
9-5
9 MATLAB Functions
Note
Reserved keywords are defined in the Simulink Coder™ documentation.
Rationale
• Readability
See Also
• Derived from jh_0042: Required software
Last Changed
V3.0
9-6
na_0025: MATLAB Function Header
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
NA-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
MATLAB Functions must have a descriptive header. Header content may include, but is
not limited to, the following types of information:
• Function name
• Description of function
• Assumptions and limitations
9-7
9 MATLAB Functions
• Description of changes from previous versions

• Lists of inputs and outputs
Example:
%% Function Name: NA_0025_Example_Header
%
% Assumptions: None
%
% Inputs:
% List of input arguments
%
% Outputs:
% List of output arguments
%
% $Date: August 27, 2012
% ________________________________________
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
• Code Generation
See Also
• jh_0073: eML Header version
Last Changed
V3.0
9-8
MATLAB Function Data and Operations
MATLAB Function Data and Operations

• na_0034: MATLAB Function block input/output settings
• na_0024: Global Variables
9-9
9 MATLAB Functions
na_0034: MATLAB Function block input/output

settings
ID: Title
na_0034:MATLAB Function block input/output settings
Priority
Scope
NA-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
All inputs and outputs to MATLAB function blocks should have the data type explicitly
defined, either in the Model Explorer or at the start of the function. This provides a more
rigorous data type check for MATLAB Function blocks and prevents the need for using
assert statements.
9-10
na_0034: MATLAB Function block input/output settings
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
• Code Generation
Last Changed
V3.0
Model Advisor Check

By Task > Modeling Standards for MAAB > MATLAB Functions > Check for
fully defined interface at MATLAB Function block boundary
For check details, see “Check input and output settings of MATLAB Functions”.
9-11
9 MATLAB Functions
na_0024: Global Variables
ID: Title
Priority
Scope
NA-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
The preferred method for accessing common data is by signal lines. However, if required,
Data Store Memory can be used to emulate global memory.
Example:
In this example, the same Data Store Memory (ErrorFlag_DataStore) is written to

two separate MATLAB Functions.
9-12
function EngineFaultEvaluation(EngineData)
%# codegen
global ErrorFlag_DataStore
if (EngineData.RPM_HIGH)
ErrorFlag_DataStore = bitor(ErrorFlag_DataStore, HIGHRPMFAULT);
end
if (EngineData.RPM_LOW)
ErrorFlag_DataStore = bitor(ErrorFlag_DataStore, LOWRPMFAULT);
end
end
function WheelFaultEvaluation(WheelData)
%# codegen
global ErrorFlag_DataStore
if (WheelData.SlipHigh)
ErrorFlag_DataStore = bitor(ErrorFlag_DataStore, WHEELSLIP);
end
if (WheelData.SlipHigh)
ErrorFlag_DataStore = bitor(ErrorFlag_DataStore, LOWRPMFAULT);
end
end
Rationale
• Readability
• Code Generation
• Simulation
See Also
• ek_0003: Global Variables
Last Changed
V3.0
9-13
9 MATLAB Functions
Model Advisor Check

MATLAB code for global variables
For check details, see “Check MATLAB code for global variables”.
9-14
MATLAB Function Patterns
MATLAB Function Patterns

• na_0022: Recommended patterns for Switch/Case statements
9-15
9 MATLAB Functions
na_0022: Recommended patterns for Switch/Case

statements
ID: Title
na_0022: Recommended patterns for Switch/Case statements
Priority
Mandatory
Scope
NA-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
Switch / Case statements must use constant values for the Case arguments. Input
variables cannot be used in the Case arguments.
Correct:
function outVar = NA_0022_Pass(SwitchVar)
%# codegen
switch SwitchVar
9-16
na_0022: Recommended patterns for Switch/Case statements
case Case_1_Parameter % Parameter

outVar = 0;
case NA_0022.Case % Enumerated Data type
outVar = 1;
case 3 % Hard Code Value
outVar = 2;
otherwise
outVar = 10;
end
end
Incorrect:
function outVar = NA_0022_Fail(Case_1, Case_2, Case_3, SwitchVar)
%# codegen
switch SwitchVar
case Case_1
outVar = 1;
case Case_2
outVar = 2;
case Case_3
outVar = 3;
otherwise
outVar = 10;
end
end
Rationale
• Code Generation
• Simulation
See Also
• jh_0026: Switch / Case statement
Last Changed
V3.0
9-17
9 MATLAB Functions
MATLAB Function Usage

• na_0016: Source lines of MATLAB Functions
• na_0017: Number of called function levels
• na_0021: Strings
9-18
na_0016: Source lines of MATLAB Functions
ID: Title
Priority
Mandatory
Scope
NA-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
See description
Prerequisites
None
Description
The length of MATLAB functions should be limited, with a recommended limit of 60 lines
of code. This restriction applies to MATLAB Functions that reside in the Simulink block
diagram and external MATLAB files with a .m extension.
If sub-functions are used, they may use additional lines of code. Also limit the length of
sub-functions to 60 lines of code.
9-19
9 MATLAB Functions
Rationale
• Readability
• Workflow
• Code Generation
See Also
• IM_0008: Source lines of eML
Last Changed
V3.0
Model Advisor Check

MATLAB Function block metrics
For check details, see “Check MATLAB Function metrics”.
9-20
na_0017: Number of called function levels
ID: Title
Priority
Mandatory
Scope
NA-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
The number of levels of sub-functions should be limited, typically to 3 levels. MATLAB
Function blocks that reside at the Simulink block diagram level count as the first level,
unless it is simply a wrapper for an external MATLAB file with a .m extension.
This includes functions that are defined within the MATLAB block and those in the
separate .m files.
9-21
9 MATLAB Functions
Note
Standard utility functions, such as built-in functions like sqrt or log, are not include in
the number of levels. Likewise, commonly used custom utility functions can be excluded
from the number of levels.
Rationale
• Readability
Last Changed
V3.0
9-22
na_0021: Strings
na_0021: Strings
ID: Title
na_0021: Strings
Priority
Scope
NA-MAAB
MATLAB Versions
All
Prerequisites
None
Description
The use of strings is not recommended. MATLAB Functions store strings as character
arrays. The arrays cannot be re-sized to accommodate a string value of different length,
due to lack of dynamic memory allocation. Strings are not a supported data type in
Simulink, so MATLAB Function blocks cannot pass the string data outside the block.
For example, the following code will produce an error:

name='rate_error'; %this creates a 1 x 10 character array
9-23
9 MATLAB Functions
name = 'x_rate_error'; %this causes an error because the array

size is now 1 x 12, not 1 x 10.
Note
If the string is being used for switch / case behavior, consider using enumerated data
types
Rationale
• Workflow
• Code Generation
See Also
• jh_0024: Strings
Last Changed
V3.0
9-24
A
Recommendations for Automation Tools
These recommendations are for companies who develop tools that automate checking
of the style guidelines. The MathWorks Automotive Advisory Board (MAAB) developed
these recommendations for tool vendors who create tools developed with MathWorks
tools that check models against these guidelines. To provide maximum information to
potential users of the tools, the MAAB strongly recommends that tool vendors provide
a compliance matrix that is easily accessible while the tool is running. This information
should be available without a need to purchase the tool.
The compliance matrix should include the following information:
• Version of the guidelines that are checked – shall include the complete title, as found
on the title page of this document.
Include the MAAB Style Guidelines Title and Version document number.
• Table consisting of the following information for each guideline:
• Guideline ID
• Guideline title
• Level of compliance
• Detail
The guideline ID and title shall be exactly as included in this document. The level of
compliance shall be one of the following:
Correction The tool checks and automatically or semiautomatically corrects the

noncompliance.
Check The tool checks and flags noncompliance. It is the developer’s
responsibility to make the correction.
Partial The tool checks part of the guideline. The detail section should clearly
identify what is and what is not checked.
A Recommendations for Automation Tools
None The tool does not check the guideline. The MAAB recommends that the
vendor provide a recommendation of how to manually check guidelines
that the tool does not check.
A-2
B
Guideline Writing
Guidelines with the following characteristics are easier to understand and use. At a
minimum, when writing a new guideline, it should be
Understandable and A guideline's description should be precise, clearly

unambiguous worded, concise, and should define a characteristic of
a model (or part of a model) that a checking tool can
evaluate. Use the words "must," "shall," "should," and
"may" carefully; they have distinct meanings that are
important for model developers and model checkers
(human and automated). It is helpful to the reader if the
guideline author describes how the conforming state can
be reached (for example, by selecting particular options
or clicking a certain button). Examples, counterexamples,
pictures, diagrams, and screen shots are also helpful and
are encouraged.
Minimize the allowable exceptions to a guideline;

exceptions blur a guideline and make it harder to apply.
If a guideline has many allowable exceptions, you may
be trying to cover too many characteristics with one
guideline. (See Minimal, following, for some solutions.)
Easy to find
Minimal A guideline should address only one model characteristic
at a time. Guidelines should be atomic. For example,
instead of writing a big guideline that addresses error
prevention and readability at the same time, make two
guidelines, one that addresses error prevention and one
that addresses readability. If appropriate, make one
guideline a prerequisite of the other. Also, big guidelines
are more likely than small guidelines to require
compromises for wide acceptance. Big guidelines may
end up being weaker, less specific, and less beneficial.
B Guideline Writing
Small, focused guidelines are less likely to change due to

compromise and easier adoption.
B-2
C
Use the patterns that appear in this appendix for if-then-else-if constructs within
Stateflow flow charts.
C Flow Chart Reference
Straight Line Flow Chart Pattern Curved Line Flow Chart Pattern
if then
if then else
C-2
if then else if
Cascade of if then
C-3
The following patterns are used for case constructs within Stateflow flow charts:
case with exclusive selection
case with exclusive conditions
C-4
C-5
The following patterns are used for for loops within Stateflow flow charts:
for loop
while loop
C-6
do while loop
C-7
The following patterns are alternately used for If-then-else-if constructs within Stateflow
flow charts:
Straight Line Flow Chart Pattern Alternate Straight Line Flow Chart Pattern
if then else if
Cascade of if then
C-8
C-9
D
Background Information on Basic Blocks

and Signals
D Basic Blocks
Basic Blocks
This document uses the term basic blocks to refer to blocks built into the “Block
Libraries”. The following table lists some examples of basic blocks.
Basic Blocks
Block Example
Inport
Constant
Gain
Sum
Switch
Saturation
Abs
D-2
Signals and Signal Labels
Signals and Signal Labels

Signals may be scalars, vectors, or busses. They may carry data or control flows.
You use signal labels to make model functionality more understandable from the
Simulink diagram. You can also use them to control the variable names used in
simulation and code generation. Enter signal names only once (at the point of signal
origination). Often, you may want to also display the signal name elsewhere in the
model. In these cases, the signal name should be inherited until the signal is functionally
transformed. (Passing a signal through an integrator is functionally transforming.
Passing a signal through an Inport into a nested subsystem is not.) Once a named signal
is functionally transformed, associate a new name with it.
Unless explicitly stated otherwise, the guidelines in “Signals” on page 6-40 apply to all
types of signals.
For more information about the representation of signals in Simulink models, see “Signal
Basics” in the Simulink documentation.
D-3
Glossary
Actions Actions are part of Stateflow diagram execution. The

action can be executed as part of a transition from one
state to another, or depending on the activity status
of a state. Transitions can have condition actions and
transition actions. For example,
States can have entry, during, exit, and, on

event_name actions. For example,
If you enter the name and backslash followed directly

by an action or actions (without the entry keyword), the
actions are interpreted as entry actions. This shorthand is
useful if you are specifying only entry actions.
The action language defines the categories of actions you

can specify and their associated notations. An action can
Glossary-1
Glossary
be a function call, an event to be broadcast, a variable to

be assigned a value, and so on.
Action Language Sometimes you want actions to take place as part of

Stateflow diagram execution. The action can be executed
as part of a transition from one state to another, or it
can depend on the activity status of a state. Transitions
can have condition actions and transition actions. States
can have entry, during, exit, and, on event_name
actions. An action can be a function call, an event to be
broadcast, a variable to be assigned a value, etc.
The action language defines the categories of actions you

can specify and their associated notations. Violations
of the action language notation are flagged as errors by
the parser. This section describes the action language
notation rules.
Chart Instance A chart instance is a link from a Stateflow model to a

chart stored in a Simulink library. A chart in a library
can have many chart instances. Updating the chart in the
library automatically updates all the instances of that
chart.
Condition A condition is a Boolean expression to specify that a

transition occur, given that the specified expression is
true. For example,
The action language defines the notation to define

conditions associated with transitions.
Connective Junction Connective junctions are decision points in the system. A

connective junction is a graphical object that simplifies
Glossary-2
Glossary
Stateflow diagram representations and facilitates

generation of efficient code. Connective junctions provide
alternative ways to represent the system behavior you
want. This example shows how connective junctions
(displayed as small circles) are used to represent the flow
of an if code structure.
Or the equivalent squared style
Glossary-3
Glossary
Name Button Icon Description

Connective One use of a Connective junction
junction is to handle situations where
transitions out of one state into
two or more states are taken
based on the same event but
guarded by different conditions.
Data Data objects store numerical values for reference in the

Stateflow diagram.
Defining Data A state machine can store and retrieve data that resides
internally in its own workspace. It can also access
data that resides externally in the Simulink model or
application that embeds the state machine. When creating
a Stateflow model, you must define any internal or
external data referenced by the state machine's actions.
Data Dictionary The data dictionary is a database where Stateflow

diagram information is stored. When you create Stateflow
diagram objects, the information about those objects is
stored in the data dictionary, once you save the Stateflow
diagram.
Decomposition A state has decomposition when it consists of one or more

substates. A Stateflow diagram that contains at least one
state also has decomposition. Representing hierarchy
necessitates some rules around how states can be grouped
in the hierarchy. A superstate has either parallel (AND)
or exclusive (OR) decomposition. All substates at a
particular level in the hierarchy must be of the same
decomposition.
Parallel (AND) State Decomposition. Parallel (AND)

state decomposition is indicated when states have dashed
borders. This representation is appropriate if all states
at that same level in the hierarchy are active at the same
time. The activity within parallel states is essentially
independent.
Glossary-4
Glossary
Exclusive (OR) State Decomposition. Exclusive (OR)

state decomposition is represented by states with solid
borders. Exclusive (OR) decomposition is used to describe
system modes that are mutually exclusive. Only one state,
at the same level in the hierarchy, can be active at a time.
Default Transition Default transitions are primarily used to specify which

exclusive (OR) state is to be entered when there is
ambiguity among two or more neighboring exclusive
(OR) states. For example, default transitions specify
which substate of a superstate with exclusive (OR)
decomposition the system enters by default in the absence
of any other information. Default transitions are also used
to specify that a junction should be entered by default. A
default transition is represented by selecting the default
transition object from the toolbar and then dropping it
to attach to a destination object. The default transition
object is a transition with a destination but no source
object.

Default Use a Default transition to
transition indicate, when entering this level
in the hierarchy, which state
becomes active by default.
Events Events drive the Stateflow diagram execution. Define all

events that affect the Stateflow diagram. The occurrence
of an event causes the status of the states in the Stateflow
diagram to be evaluated. The broadcast of an event
can trigger a transition to occur and/or can trigger an
action to be executed. Events are broadcast in a top-down
manner starting from the event's parent in the hierarchy.
Finite State Machine A finite state machine (FSM) is a representation of an

event-driven system. FSMs are also used to describe
reactive systems. In an event-driven or reactive system,
the system transitions from one mode or state, to another
Glossary-5
Glossary
prescribed mode or state, provided that the condition

defining the change is true.
Flow Graph A flow graph is the set of flow charts that start from a
transition segment that, in turn, starts from a state or a
default transition segment.
Flow Chart (also known as A flow chart is an ordered sequence of transition

Flow Path) segments and junctions where each succeeding segment
starts on the junction that terminated the previous
segment.
Flow Subgraph A flow subgraph is the set of flow charts that start on the
same transition segment.
Hierarchy Using hierarchy you can organize complex systems

by placing states within other higher-level states.
A hierarchical design usually reduces the number
of transitions and produces neat, more manageable
diagrams.
History Junction A History Junction specifies the destination substate of a

transition based on historical information. If a superstate
has a History Junction, the transition to the destination
substate is defined to be the substate that was most
recently visited. The History Junction applies to the level
of the hierarchy in which it appears.

History Use a History Junction to
Junction indicate, when entering this level
in the hierarchy, that the last
state that was active becomes
the next state to be active.
Inner Transitions An inner transition is a transition that does not exit

the source state. Inner transitions are most powerful
when defined for superstates with XOR decomposition.
Use of inner transitions can greatly simplify a Stateflow
diagram.
Glossary-6
Glossary
Library Link A library link is a link to a chart that is stored in a library

model in a Simulink block library.
Library Model A Stateflow library model is a Stateflow model that is

stored in a Simulink library. You can include charts from
a library in your model by copying them. When you copy
a chart from a library into your model, Stateflow does
not physically include the chart in your model. Instead,
it creates a link to the library chart. You can create
multiple links to a single chart. Each link is called a chart
instance. When you include a chart from a library in your
model, you also include its state machine. A Stateflow
model that includes links to library charts has multiple
state machines. When Stateflow simulates a model that
includes charts from a library model, it includes all charts
from the library model even if there are links to only some
of its models. However, when Stateflow generates a stand-
alone or Simulink Coder target, it includes only those
charts for which there are links. A model that includes
links to a library model can be simulated only if all charts
in the library model are free of parse and compile errors.
Machine A machine is the collection of all Stateflow blocks defined

by a Simulink model exclusive of chart instances (library
links). If a model includes any library links, it also
includes the state machines defined by the models from
which the links originate.
Nonvirtual Block Blocks that perform a calculation, such as a Gain block.
Notation A notation defines a set of objects and the rules that

govern the relationships between those objects. Stateflow
notation provides a common language to communicate
the design information conveyed by a Stateflow diagram.
Stateflow notation consists of:
• A set of graphical objects

• A set of nongraphical text-based objects
• Defined relationships between those objects
Glossary-7
Glossary
Parallelism A system with parallelism can have two or more states

that can be active at the same time. The activity of
parallel states is independent. Parallelism is represented
with a parallel (AND) state decomposition.
Real-Time System A system that uses actual hardware to implement

algorithms, for example, digital signal processing or
control applications.
Simulink Coder Simulink Coder software includes an automatic C

language code generator for Simulink. It produces C
code directly from Simulink block diagram models and
automatically builds programs that can be run in real-
time in a variety of environments.
Simulink Coder Target An executable built from code generated by the Simulink
Coder product.
S-function A customized Simulink block written in C or MATLAB-

code. S-functions written in C can be inlined in the
Simulink Coder software. When using Simulink together
with Stateflow for simulation, Stateflow generates an S-
function (MEX-file) for each Stateflow machine to support
model simulation. This generated code is a simulation
target and is called the S-Fun target within Stateflow.
Signal propagation Process used by Simulink to determine attributes of

signals and blocks, such as data types, labels, sample
time, dimensionality, and so on, that are determined by
connectivity.
Signal source The signal source is the block of origin for a signal. The
signal source may or may not be the true source.
Simulink Simulink is a software package for modeling, simulating,

and analyzing dynamic systems. It supports linear
and nonlinear systems, modeled in continuous time,
sampled time, or a hybrid of the two. Systems can also be
multirate, that is, have different parts that are sampled
or updated at different rates.
Glossary-8
Glossary
Simulink allows you to represent systems as block

diagrams that you build using your mouse to connect
blocks and your keyboard to edit block parameters.
Stateflow is part of this environment. The Stateflow
block is a masked Simulink model. Stateflow builds an
S-function that corresponds to each Stateflow machine.
This S-function is the agent Simulink interacts with for
simulation and analysis.
The control behavior that Stateflow models complements

the algorithmic behavior modeled in Simulink block
diagrams. By incorporating Stateflow diagrams into
Simulink models, you can add event-driven behavior to
Simulink simulations. You create models that represent
both data and control flow by combining Stateflow blocks
with the standard Simulink blockset. These combined
models are simulated using Simulink.
State A state describes a mode of a reactive system. A reactive

system has many possible states. States in a Stateflow
diagram represent these modes. The activity or inactivity
of the states dynamically changes based on events and
conditions.
Every state has hierarchy. In a Stateflow diagram

consisting of a single state, that state's parent is the
Stateflow diagram itself. A state also has history that
applies to its level of hierarchy in the Stateflow diagram.
States can have actions that are executed in a sequence
based upon action type. The action types are: entry,
during, exit, or on event_name actions.

State Use a state to depict a mode of
the system.
Stateflow Block The Stateflow block is a masked Simulink model and is

equivalent to an empty, untitled Stateflow diagram. Use
Glossary-9
Glossary
the Stateflow block to include a Stateflow diagram in a

Simulink model.
The control behavior that Stateflow models complements

the algorithmic behavior modeled in Simulink block
diagrams. By incorporating Stateflow blocks into
Simulink models, you can add complex event-driven
behavior to Simulink simulations. You create models
that represent both data and control flow by combining
Stateflow blocks with the standard Simulink and toolbox
block libraries. These combined models are simulated
using Simulink.
Stateflow Debugger Use the Stateflow Debugger to debug and animate your
Stateflow diagrams. Each state in the Stateflow diagram
simulation is evaluated for overall code coverage. This
coverage analysis is done automatically when the target is
compiled and built with the debug options. The Debugger
can also be used to perform dynamic checking. The
Debugger operates on the Stateflow machine.
Stateflow Diagram Using Stateflow, you create Stateflow diagrams. A

Stateflow diagram is also a graphical representation of a
finite state machine where states and transitions form the
basic building blocks of the system.
Stateflow Explorer Use the Stateflow Explorer to add, remove, and modify
data, event, and target objects.
Stateflow Finder Use the Finder to display a list of objects based on search
criteria that you specify. You can directly access the
properties dialog box of any object in the search output
display by clicking on that object.
Substate A state is a substate if it is contained by a superstate.
Glossary-10
Glossary
Superstate A state is a superstate if it contains other states, called

substates.
Target An executable program built from code generated by

Stateflow or Simulink Coder software.
Top-down Processing Top-down processing refers to the way in which Stateflow

processes states. In particular, Stateflow processes
superstates before states. Stateflow processes a state only
if its superstate is activated first.
Transition A transition describes the circumstances under which the

system moves from one state to another. Either end of a
transition can be attached to a source and a destination
object. The source is where the transition begins and the
destination is where the transition ends. It is often the
occurrence of some event that causes a transition to take
place.
Transition Path A transition path is a flow chart that starts and ends on a
state.
Glossary-11
Glossary
Transition Segment A transition segment is a single directed edge on a

Stateflow diagram. Transition segments are sometimes
loosely referred to as transitions.
Tunable parameters A tunable parameter is a parameter that can be adjusted

in the model and in generated code.
True Source The true source is the block which creates a signal. The
true source is different from the signal source because
the signal source may be a simple routing block such as a
Demux block.
Virtual Block When creating models, be aware that Simulink blocks fall
into two basic categories: nonvirtual and virtual blocks.
Nonvirtual blocks play an active role in the simulation
of a system. If you add or remove a nonvirtual block,
you change the model's behavior. Virtual blocks, by
contrast, play no active role in the simulation. They help
to organize a model graphically. Some Simulink blocks
can be virtual in some circumstances and nonvirtual
in others. Such blocks are called conditionally virtual
blocks. The following table lists Simulinks virtual and
conditionally virtual blocks.
Block Name Condition Under Which Block Is Virtual

Bus Virtual if input bus is virtual
Selector
Demux Always virtual
Enable Virtual unless connected directly to an
Outport block
From Always virtual
Goto Always virtual
Goto Tag Always virtual
Visibility
Ground Always virtual
Inport Virtual when the block resides within
any subsystem block (conditional or not),
Glossary-12
Glossary
Block Name Condition Under Which Block Is Virtual

and does not reside in the root (top-level)
Simulink window.
Mux Always virtual
Outport Virtual when the block resides within
any subsystem block (conditional or not),
and does not reside in the root (top-level)
Simulink window.
Selector Virtual except in matrix mode
Signal Always virtual
Specification
Subsystem Virtual unless the block is conditionally
executed and/or the block's Treat as Atomic
Unit option is selected.
Terminator Always virtual
Trigger Virtual if the Outport port is not present.
Virtual Scrollbar Using a virtual scrollbar, you can set a value by scrolling
through a list of choices. When you move the mouse over
a menu item with a virtual scrollbar, the cursor changes
to a line with a double arrowhead. Virtual scrollbars are
either vertical or horizontal. The direction is indicated by
the positioning of the arrowheads. Drag the mouse either
horizontally or vertically to change the value.
Glossary-13

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MathWorks® Automotive Advisory Board

Control Algorithm Modeling Guidelines Using

Latest news: www.mathworks.com

Sales and services: www.mathworks.com/sales_and_services

User community: www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral

Technical support: www.mathworks.com/support/contact_us

The MathWorks, Inc.

MathWorks® Automotive Advisory Board Control Algorithm Modeling Guidelines Using

Notes on Version 3.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

Guideline Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

Document Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11

Model Advisor Checks for MAAB Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12

Model Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

Subsystem Hierarchies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14

J-MAAB Model Architecture Decomposition . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-30

Model Configuration Options

Block Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-51

Block Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-77

Simulink Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-85

Stateflow Data and Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-28

State Chart Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-63

Flow Chart Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-71

State Chart Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-89

MATLAB Function Data and Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9

MATLAB Function Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-15

MATLAB Function Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-18

Flow Chart Reference

Background Information on Basic Blocks and

Signals and Signal Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-3

• “Presentation of Guidelines Hosted by MathWorks” on page 1-2

Presentation of Guidelines Hosted by MathWorks

• System integration without problems

Notes on Version 3.0

ID: Title XX_nnnn: Title of the guideline (unique, short)

Mandatory Strongly Recommended Recommended

• Fast software changes

Model Advisor Check

For information on automated checking of the guidelines, see Appendix A.

Model Advisor Checks for MAAB Guidelines

MAAB Guideline - Version By Task > Model Advisor check

MAAB Guideline - Version By Task > Model Advisor check

MAAB Guideline - Version By Task > Model Advisor check

MAAB Guideline - Version By Task > Model Advisor check

MAAB Guideline - Version By Task > Model Advisor check

MAAB Guideline - Version By Task > Model Advisor check

MAAB Guideline - Version By Task > Model Advisor check

MAAB Guideline - Version By Task > Model Advisor check

MAAB Guideline - Version By Task > Model Advisor check

MAAB Guideline - Version By Task > Model Advisor check

na_0026: Consistent software environment

• C Compiler (for target hardware)

na_0027: Use of only standard library blocks

• “General Guidelines” on page 3-2

• name: no leading digits, no blanks

• Can use underscores to separate parts

Should not use underscores

Model Advisor Check

For check details, see “Check file names”.

ar_0002: Directory names

name: no leading digits, no blanks