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    Physics Lab Report 4

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    raphael
    The document is a laboratory report for an experiment on projectile motion. The experiment tested how the range of a projectile depends on the launch angle by launching plastic balls at different angles and measuring the range. It was found that the range increased with angle from 15 to 45 degrees, but decreased at angles past 60 degrees. The maximum range was achieved at a launch angle of 45 degrees. Initial velocity was found to be relatively constant across different angles.

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    Physics Lab Report 4

    Uploaded by

    raphael
    491 views5 pages
    The document is a laboratory report for an experiment on projectile motion. The experiment tested how the range of a projectile depends on the launch angle by launching plastic balls at different angles and measuring the range. It was found that the range increased with angle from 15 to 45 degrees, but decreased at angles past 60 degrees. The maximum range was achieved at a launch angle of 45 degrees. Initial velocity was found to be relatively constant across different angles.

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    The document is a laboratory report for an experiment on projectile motion. The experiment tested how the range of a projectile depends on the launch angle by launching plastic balls at different angles and measuring the range. It was found that the range increased with angle from 15 to 45 degrees, but decreased at angles past 60 degrees. The maximum range was achieved at a launch angle of 45 degrees. Initial velocity was found to be relatively constant across different angles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    491 views5 pages

    Physics Lab Report 4

    Uploaded by

    raphael
    The document is a laboratory report for an experiment on projectile motion. The experiment tested how the range of a projectile depends on the launch angle by launching plastic balls at different angles and measuring the range. It was found that the range increased with angle from 15 to 45 degrees, but decreased at angles past 60 degrees. The maximum range was achieved at a launch angle of 45 degrees. Initial velocity was found to be relatively constant across different angles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    of 5

    LABORATORY REPORT

    Experiment 4

    Projectile Motion

    Name: Raphael Fernando T. Adolfo CYS: MEB 31 Grade:

    Instructor: Engr. Jennifer B. Igat Date Submitted: 9-20-2016

    ABSTRACT:

    Projectile motion is an object projected at an angle where the only significant force acting on the object is gravity. The
    objective of this experiment was to find how the range of a projectile depends on the angle at which it is launched and to
    determine the angle that gives the greatest range. In this experiment we have to prepare a projectile launcher setup and
    launch a plastic ball by inserting it into the projectile launcher by using the ramrod. The ball goes through to photogate
    heads and lands on our time of flight accessory to obtain results; Do this for 5 trials on different angles 15 0, 300, 450, 600,
    750. The distance traveled in the horizontal direction was measured for multiple firings of each trial, and the values were
    averaged. When the initial velocity for each of these averages was calculated it was proved that the initial velocity was
    relatively constant. Our angle with the maximum range is 45 0.

    MATERIALS USED:

     Xplorer GLX

     Projectile Launcher

     Projectile Ball

     Photogate Port

     Photogate Head

     Photogate Mounting Bracket

     Time of Flight Accessory

     Universal Table Clamp


    ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:

    A projectile is an object which upon which the only force of influence is the force of gravity. As a projectile moves through
    the air, its trajectory is effected by the force of gravity; air resistance is assumed to have a negligible effect upon the
    motion. Because gravity is the only force, the acceleration of a projectile is the acceleration of gravity - 9.8 m/s/s, down.
    As such, projectiles travel along their trajectory with a constant horizontal velocity and a changing vertical velocity. The
    vertical velocity changes by -9.8 m/s each second. (Here the - sign indicates that an upward velocity value would be
    decreasing and a downward velocity value would be increasing.). A projectile has a motion which is both horizontal and
    vertical at the same time. These two components of motion can be described by kinematic equations. Since perpendicular
    components of motion are independent of each other, any motion in the horizontal direction is unaffected by a motion in a
    vertical direction (and vice versa).

    Our analyzation and interpretations based on the table is as follows: (1.) it shows that as the angle increases the range
    also increases but if the angle is above 500 the range decreases. It shows that it does not necessarily mean that as the
    angle increases the range automatically increases there is only a specific range of angle (5 0 to 500) that the range
    increases as the angle increases. (2.) Based on our data when we computed the initial velocity for each of the specific
    angle it was proved that the initial velocity was relatively constant. The average of all the initial speed is more or less 4.23
    m/s.

    DATA AND RESULTS:

    Angle (degrees) Initial Speed, Vo Time of Flight, tT Range (m) Percentage


    R1 R2
    (m/s) (sec) Difference
    15 4.34 0.23 0.964 0.961 0.31%
    30 4.20 0.43 1.564 1.559 0.32%
    45 4.18 0.61 1.804 1.782 1.12%
    60 4.22 0.75 1.580 1.574 0.38%
    75 4.24 0.85 0.933 0.917 1.73%

    Angle with maximum range = 450

    COMPUTATIONS: Formulas:
    R1 = Vo cos θ tT For 600:

    R1 = (4.22) cos600 (0.75) = 1.58


    v 20 sin2 θ
    R2 =
    g R2 = (4.22)2 sin (2 x 600) = 1.57

    9.8
    % difference =
    |R1−R 2| x100
    R ave % difference = I 1.58 - 1.57 I x100 = 0.38%

    For 450: 1.58

    R1 = (4.18) cos450 (0.61) = 1.80 For 750:

    R2 = (4.18)2 sin (2 x 450) = 1.78 R1 = (4.24) cos750 (0.85) = 0.93

    9.8 R2 = (4.24)2 sin (2 x 750) = 0.92

    9.8
    % difference = I 1.80 - 1.78 I x100 = 1.12 %
    % difference = I 0.93 – 0.92 I x100 = 1.73%
    1.79
    0.93
    QUESTIONS AND APPLICATIONS:

    v 20 sin2 θ
    1. Derive the equation R = .
    g

    2. Are there any two angles which will give the same range? If so, what are they? If not, why not?

    Two launch angles that add to 90° will result in the same range when launched at the same speed. For example in the
    given table above the range is the same for a 15° and a 75° angle. The range is also the same for a 30° and a 60° launch
    angle, and the range is the same for a 40° and a 50°. What do all these angles have in common? The group of two angles
    with the same range always add up to 90°.

    3. Plot a graph of launch angle vs range. What is the best launch angle for maximum range?

    The peak height of a projectile is determined by the initial value of the vertical velocity component. The greater the initial
    value of vy, the higher that a projectile will rise. The projectile launched at 60-degrees has the greatest v y, and as such the
    greatest peak height. The "hang time" of a projectile is also determined by the initial value of the vertical velocity
    component. The smaller the initial value of vy, the shorter the hang time. The projectile launched at 30-degrees has the
    smallest vy, and as such the shortest hang time. The range of a projectile is determined by two parameters - the initial
    value of the horizontal velocity component and the hang time of the projectile. As you can see from the picture, the
    projectile launched at 60-degrees has the greatest hang time; yet its range is limited by the fact that the v x is the smallest
    of all three angles. The projectile launched at 30-degrees has the greatest v x of all three launch angles; yet its range is
    limited by the fact that the hang time is so short. The projectile launched at 45-degree does not win in either category, yet
    the fact that it is able to place a strong showing in each category contributes to its ability to achieve the greatest range.

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