The document outlines 5 exercises related to power electronics, including calculating losses and temperatures for components in a 4-quadrant DC-DC converter, describing operation of snubbers in a flyback converter and buck converter, proposing a suitable DC/DC converter for an 11 kW battery charger, analyzing voltages in a 3-phase system using a rotating vector, and designing a 50 kW permanent magnet motor drive with a 500 V DC link.
The document outlines 5 exercises related to power electronics, including calculating losses and temperatures for components in a 4-quadrant DC-DC converter, describing operation of snubbers in a flyback converter and buck converter, proposing a suitable DC/DC converter for an 11 kW battery charger, analyzing voltages in a 3-phase system using a rotating vector, and designing a 50 kW permanent magnet motor drive with a 500 V DC link.
The document outlines 5 exercises related to power electronics, including calculating losses and temperatures for components in a 4-quadrant DC-DC converter, describing operation of snubbers in a flyback converter and buck converter, proposing a suitable DC/DC converter for an 11 kW battery charger, analyzing voltages in a 3-phase system using a rotating vector, and designing a 50 kW permanent magnet motor drive with a 500 V DC link.
The document outlines 5 exercises related to power electronics, including calculating losses and temperatures for components in a 4-quadrant DC-DC converter, describing operation of snubbers in a flyback converter and buck converter, proposing a suitable DC/DC converter for an 11 kW battery charger, analyzing voltages in a 3-phase system using a rotating vector, and designing a 50 kW permanent magnet motor drive with a 500 V DC link.
Exam in power electronics 2009-12-14 8-13 in M:IEA
Means of assistance: Calculator
Grades: 20-30 p: 3 31-40 p: 4 41-50 p: 5 In total 5 exercises
1 The four quadrant DC-DC converter
a) Draw a four quadrant DC DC converter with a three phase diode rectifier connected to the power grid. The Dc link capacitor and protection against too high inrush currents should be included in the drawing. The transistors are of IGBT-type. (2 p.)
b) The three-phase grid, to which the three phase diode rectifier is connected, has the line-to-line voltage 400 Vrms at 50 Hz. Calculate the dc output voltage and the maximum dc link voltage from the rectifier. Which is the margin to to the rated maximum voltage of the IGBT, which is 1500 V? (1 p.)
c) Calculate the rms-current and the average current through one rectifying diode (see figure 1). Calculate the rectifier diode losses. The diode threshold voltage is 0.95 V and the differential resistance is 2.5 mohm. (2 p.)
d) Calculate the IGBT component losses of each IGBT in the four quadrant converter. The duty cycle of the converter is 80%. The switching frequency is 2.5 kHz. The threshold voltage of the IGBT transistor equals 1.3 V and its differential resistance equals 15 mohm. The turn-on loss of the IGBT transistor equals 63 mJ and its turn-off loss equals 80 mJ. These turn-on and turn-off losses are nominal values at 900 V dclink voltage and 180 A turn-on and turn-off current. The threshold voltage of the IGBT diode equals 1.05 V and the differential resistance of this diode equals 9.7 mohm. The IGBT diode turn-on loss =0 and its turn-off losses equals 20 mJ, at 900 V dclink voltage and 180 A. (3 p.)
e) Which is the junction temperature of the IGBT transistor and of the IGBT diode, and which is the junction temperature of the rectifying diodes? The thermal resistance of the heatsink equals 0.03 K/W? The thermal resistance of the IGBT transistor equals 0.069 K/W? The thermal resistance of the IGBT diode equals 0.25 K/W? The thermal resistance of the rectifier diode equals 0.13 K/W? The ambient temperature is 42 oC. The rectifier diodes and the four quadrant converter IGBTs share the heatsink. (2 p.)
a) Draw a step down chopper (buck converter). (1 p.)
b) Give a detailed description of how the RCD charge-discharge snubber should operate for a step down (buck) converter (1 p.)
c) Draw the main circuit of a flyback converter. The circuit should include DM-filter (differential mode) ,CM (common mode) filter, rectifier, dc link capacitors, alternative connection for voltage doubling connection, switch transformer (one primary and one secondary winding is enough), switch transistor, flyback diode and a simple output filter, The circuit should also include snubbers. (2 p.)
d) Describe, in detail, the operation of the snubbers you have used. Also, explain why the snubbers are needed. (2 p.)
e) Draw a figure with the diffusion layers in a (n-channel) MOSFET (3 p.)
f) Which layer is always present in a power semiconductor? How is it doped? (1 p.)
3 A Battery Charger A battery charger for traction batteries operates from a 3-phase rectified 400 V AC and charges a 400 V DC battery. Maximum charging power will be 11 kW and the switching frequency 2 kHz. The maximum charging current ripple must be limited to 15 % of the charging current at maximum charging power. a) Propose a suitable DC/DC converter to be used after the rectifier. Draw the circuit diagram including the DC/DC converter and the load and including the necessary passive components. (3p) b) Calculate the value of the inductance of your circuit according to a) (2p) c) Draw in detail a current step from 0 to 50 % of the maximum charging current. At least one switching period before the step and one after the target level is reached must be drawn. Current, the current derivatives, and voltage references (if any), the output voltage should be correctly represented. (5p) 4 Three phase system a) A symmetric three phase voltage: e = eˆ ⋅ cos(ω ⋅ t ) a 2π eb = eˆ ⋅ cos ω ⋅ t − 3 4π ec = eˆ ⋅ cos ω ⋅ t − 3
Show that these voltages form a rotating vector with constant length and constant speed in the complex (α,β) frame. (5 p.)
b) Draw the circuit of a current control block for a generic three phase RLE load. the drawing shall include three phase inverter, load and current measurement. (5 p.)
5 Permanent magnetized motor
A 50 kW motor drive is to be designed. The motor will run from a Power Electronic Converter with 500 V DC link. The bases speed must be 4000 rpm and the maximum speed 12000 rpm. The motor has 18 poles. a) What is the highest output voltage (Uphase-to-phase_rms) that you would use? (2p) b) What will be the phase current in this case? (2p) c) What is the lowest sampling frequency that the controller must use to run this motor? (2p) d) What is the lowest switching frequency that the modulation can use? (2p) e) What will be the motor torque at base speed and maximum speed? (2p) All your answers must be accompanied with your calculations and motivations!
