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What Is A Linear Equation?: 1 1 2 2 n-1 n-1 N N I I I

A linear function is a function of the form f(x) = mx + b, where the graph is a straight line. It has a constant rate of change. A quadratic function is of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, where the graph is a parabola. A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers defined by its rows and columns. Common matrix types include row matrices, column matrices, zero matrices, square matrices, diagonal matrices, upper triangular matrices, and lower triangular matrices.

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50 views

What Is A Linear Equation?: 1 1 2 2 n-1 n-1 N N I I I

A linear function is a function of the form f(x) = mx + b, where the graph is a straight line. It has a constant rate of change. A quadratic function is of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, where the graph is a parabola. A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers defined by its rows and columns. Common matrix types include row matrices, column matrices, zero matrices, square matrices, diagonal matrices, upper triangular matrices, and lower triangular matrices.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Linear Function: A function with no exponents other than one and with no products of the variables (eg,

y=x+4, y= -4, and 3x-4y = 1/2 are linear functions); in a rectangular coordinate system, the graph of a
linear function is a line. It is a function that has a constant rate of change. It has a graph which is a
straight line.Such a function can be written as f(x) = mx + b, where m and b are real constants and x is a
real variable.

Quadratic function: A quadratic function, in mathematics, is a polynomial function of the form y =


ax^2+bx+c,where, a is not equal to "0",where a, b, and c are arbitrary, but fixed. A quadratic function is
also referred to as a degree 2 polynomial or a 2nd degree polynomial, because the highest exponent of x
is 2. The graph of this function is a parabola.

What is a linear equation?

A linear equation is an algebraic equation of degree 1. For example, 4x + 5 = 0 is a linear


equation of one variable. x + y + 5z = 0 and 4x = 3w + 5y + 7z are linear equations of 3 and 4
variables respectively. In general, a linear equation of n variables will take the form m 1x1 +m2x2
+…+ mn-1xn-1 + mnxn = b. Here, xi’s are the unknown variables, mi’s and b are real numbers where
each of mi is non-zero.

Such an equation represents a hyper plane in the n-dimensional Euclidean space. In particular, a
two variable linear equation represents a straight line in Cartesian plane and a three variable
linear equation represents a plane on Euclidean 3-space.

What is a quadratic equation?

A quadratic equation is an algebraic equation of the second degree. x 2 + 3x + 2 = 0 is a single


variable quadratic equation. x2 + y2 + 3x= 4 and 4x2 + y2 + 2z2 + x + y + z = 4 are examples of
quadratic equations of 2 and 3 variables respectively.

In the single variable case, the general form of a quadratic equation is ax 2 + bx + c = 0. Where a,
b, c are real numbers out of which ‘a’ is non-zero. The discriminant ∆ = (b2 - 4ac) determines the
nature of the roots of the quadratic equation. The roots of the equation will be real distinct, real
similar and complex according as ∆ is positive, zero and negative. The roots of the equation can
be easily found using the formula x = (- b ± √∆ ) / 2a.

In the two variable case, the general form would be ax2 + by2 + cxy + dx + ex + f = 0, and this
represents a conic (parabola, hyperbola or ellipse) in Cartesian plane. In higher dimensions, this
type of equations represents hyper-surfaces known as quadrics.

hat is a matrix?
A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers. The size or dimension of a matrix is defined by the
number of rows and columns it contains. Matrices is plural for matrix.
What are the types of matrices?
A matrix may be classified by types. It is possible for a matrix to belong to more than one type.

A row matrix is a matrix with only one row.

Example: E is a row matrix of order 1 × 1

Example: B is a row matrix of order 1 × 3

A column matrix is a matrix with only one column.

Example: C is a column matrix of order 1 × 1

A column matrix of order 2 ×1 is also called a vector matrix.

Example: D is a column matrix of order 2 × 1

A zero matrix or a null matrix is a matrix that has all its elements zero.

Example: O is a zero matrix of order 2 × 3

A square matrix is a matrix with an equal number of rows and columns.

Example: T is a square matrix of order 2 × 2

Example: V is a square matrix of order 3 × 3


A diagonal matrix is a square matrix that has all its elements zero except for those in the
diagonal from top left to bottom right; which is known as the leading diagonal of the matrix.

Example: B is a diagonal matrix.

A scalar matrix is a diagonal matrix where all the diagonal elements are equal. For example:
⎛⎝⎜300030003⎞⎠⎟
An upper triangular matrix is a square matrix where all the elements located below the
diagonal are zeros. For example:
⎛⎝⎜200310−245⎞⎠⎟
A lower triangular matrix is a square matrix where all the elements located above the diagonal
are zeros. For example:
⎛⎝⎜3−12045001⎞⎠⎟
A unit matrix is a diagonal matrix whose elements in the diagonal are all ones.

Example: P is a unit matrix.

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