Foundation Example

This example problem is contained in Chapter 9 of the CAC Concrete Design Handbook

Example 9.7.1 - Wall Footing

Determine footing depth and reinforcement for the wall

footing shown. Also compute the required depth for a
plain footing. Use a factored soil reaction of qsr = 450
kPa,
f c′ = 20 MPa, and fy = 400 MPa.
Calculations and Discussions:
1. Reinforced one-way footing
1.1 Determine minimum effective shear depth, dv, required by one-way shear:
ab = 1.0 m; From Table 9.1 dv = 424 mm, thus d = dv /0.9 = 471 mm
1.2 Determine required flexural reinforcement:
Check deep beam action in accordance with Clause 10.7.1 of CSA A23.3
ab /d = 1000/471 = 2.12 > 2.0, therefore no deep beam action.
qsf ab2 = 450 kN, from Table 9.7a:
As = 1465 + (1556 - 1465)(4/25) = 1480 mm2/m
Minimum reinforcement based on Clauses 10.5.1.2 (a) and 7.8 of CSA
A23.3, assuming total depth of footing as tf = 471 + 15 (half bar diameter) +
75 (cover) = 561 mm and using
tf = 575 mm, is: As, min = 1150 mm2/m, which is less than the calculated As.
(As, min must be provided in both directions.)

1.3 Find maximum bar size that can be developed in distance ab – 0.075 = 0.925
m.
From Table 9.10 max db = 20M.

1.4 Reinforcement summary:

Short direction: Use 20M bars @ 200 mm c/c BLL (bottom lower layer)
Long direction – As,min: Use 20M @ 260 mm c/c BUL (bottom upper layer).

1.5 Total footing depth:

tf = 471+10 (half bar diameter) + 75 (cover) = 556 mm. Round up this value
to the next 25 mm and use a total footing depth of tf = 575 mm - as assumed
in 1.2.
Transfer of wall forces at wall base and development of wall reinforcement
into the footing is not checked in this example – see Clause 15.9 of CSA
A23.3.

2.0 Unreinforced one-way footing

2.1 Minimum depth required for flexure (Clause 22.6.5) of CSA A23.3.
 Mf = qsf ab2/2 = 225 kN•m/m, maximum stress in tension ft = 0.37λφc fc′ =1.08
MPa
From ft = M/S ; d = 6 Mf /( ft b ) = 1.12 m, where b = 1.0 m.
Use a total depth of h = 1.12 + 0.050 ≈ 1.2 m.
Clause 22.6.3 of CSA A23.3 requires the addition of 50 mm because of the
irregular soil surface.

2.2 Minimum depth required for shear (Clause 22.6.6.1) of CSA A23.3:
The critical section is ‘h’ away from the face of the wall. Since h > ab shear
does not govern.
 One-way Shear
Table 9.1 f'c = 20 MPa Φc = 0.65
Action
Values of dv (mm)
qsf ab (m)
2
(kN/m ) 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0
100 150 150 150 150 150 169 197 225 291 332 375 421 468 518 571
150 150 150 150 158 197 237 320 378 439 505 574 648 726 808 895
200 150 150 150 197 247 344 417 494 577 665 733 800 867 933 1000
250 150 150 174 232 333 400 467 533 600 667 733 800 867 933 1000
300 150 150 198 267 333 400 467 533 600 667 733 800 867 933 1000
350 150 150 219 292 364 437 510 583 656 729 802 875 947 1020 1093
400 150 158 238 317 396 475 554 633 713 792 871 950 1029 1108 1188
450 150 170 255 339 424 509 594 679 764 849 934 1018 1103 1188 1273
500 150 180 270 360 450 540 630 720 810 901 991 1081 1171 1261 1351
550 150 190 284 379 474 569 664 758 853 948 1043 1137 1232 1327 1422
600 150 198 297 397 496 595 694 793 892 991 1091 1190 1289 1388 1487
650 150 206 309 413 516 619 722 825 928 1031 1135 1238 1341 1444 1547
700 150 214 321 427 534 641 748 855 962 1068 1175 1282 1389 1496 1603
750 150 221 331 441 551 662 772 882 992 1103 1213 1323 1433 1544 1654
800 150 227 340 454 567 681 794 908 1021 1134 1248 1361 1475 1588 1702
850 150 233 349 466 582 698 815 931 1048 1164 1280 1397 1513 1630 1746
900 150 238 358 477 596 715 834 953 1073 1192 1311 1430 1549 1668 1788
950 150 244 365 487 609 731 852 974 1096 1218 1339 1461 1583 1705 1826
1000 150 248 373 497 621 745 869 994 1118 1242 1366 1490 1614 1739 1863
1100 150 257 386 514 643 772 900 1029 1158 1286 1415 1543 1672 1801 1929
1200 150 265 398 530 663 795 928 1061 1193 1326 1458 1591 1723 1856 1988
1300 150 272 408 544 680 817 953 1089 1225 1361 1497 1633 1769 1905 2041
1400 150 279 418 557 696 836 975 1114 1253 1393 1532 1671 1811 1950 2089
1500 150 284 426 569 711 853 995 1137 1279 1422 1564 1706 1848 1990 2132
Table Values of As required for a 1 m
f'c = 20 MPa Φc = 0.65
9.7a width
2
qsf ab d (mm)
(kN) 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 500 525
50 519 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
60 630 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
70 745 624 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
80 864 719 619 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
90 986 817 701 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
100 1112 917 784 687 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
120 1378 1123 955 834 741 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
140 1669 1340 1131 984 872 784 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
160 1989 1569 1314 1137 1006 903 820 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
180 2354 1812 1504 1295 1142 1023 928 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
200 2072 1701 1458 1281 1146 1038 949 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
250 2831 2237 1886 1643 1461 1318 1202 1106 1025 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
300 2857 2353 2027 1790 1608 1462 1343 1242 1156 1082 1100 1150 1200 1250
350 3616 2872 2438 2136 1910 1731 1585 1464 1361 1272 1194 1150 1200 1250
400 3466 2883 2502 2224 2008 1834 1690 1569 1465 1374 1295 1224 1250
450 3373 2891 2552 2295 2090 1922 1781 1661 1556 1465 1385 1313
500 3923 3309 2897 2592 2353 2159 1997 1860 1741 1638 1547 1466
600 4262 3649 3225 2906 2652 2444 2269 2120 1991 1877 1777
700 4515 3922 3499 3173 2911 2695 2511 2353 2215 2094
800 4707 4144 3728 3403 3138 2916 2726 2562 2419
900 5625 4856 4325 3922 3601 3335 3111 2919 2751
1000 5663 4973 4475 4087 3772 3509 3285 3091
1200 6506 5713 5146 4707 4351 4053 3800
1400 7233 6364 5745 5265 4876 4551
1600 6931 6276 5766 5352
1800 7422 6745 6216
2000 7846 7159
2200 9128 8210
Table 9.10 Tension Development length, ℓd (mm) for deformed reinforcing
bars with fy = 400 MPa, for normal density concrete according to Clause
12.2.3. of CSA A23.3

fy
A d = 0.45 k1 k 2 k 3 k 4 db
f c′
f c′ Bar Size
MPa 10M 15M 20M 25M 30M 35M 45M 55M
20 320 480 640 1010 1210 1410 1810 2210
25 290 430 580 900 1080 1260 1620 1980
30 260 390 530 820 990 1150 1480 1810
35 240 370 490 760 910 1060 1370 1670
40 230 340 460 710 850 1000 1280 1570
45 210 320 430 670 800 940 1210 1480
50 200 310 410 640 760 890 1150 1400
55 190 290 390 610 730 850 1090 1330
60 190 280 370 580 700 810 1050 1280
≥ 64 180 270 360 560 680 790 1010 1240

Notes:

1. The modification factor for bar size (k4) has been included in Table value.
See Clause 12.2.4 of CSA A23.3 for other modification factors.
2. After application of all modification factors, the development length must not
be less than 300 mm.