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    Lecture Notes (Chapter 1.0 Introduction)

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    Shaktivell Letchumanan
    1. A function of two variables assigns a unique real number (dependent variable z) to each ordered pair of real numbers (independent variables x and y) within a domain set. The graph of such a function plots the points (x, y, z) where z = f(x, y). 2. Examples of functions of two variables include the area of a triangle (dependent on base and height), volume of a cylinder (dependent on radius and height), and Newton's law of motion (dependent on mass and acceleration). 3. To evaluate a function of two variables at a point, the values of both independent variables are substituted into the function, such as evaluating f(x, y) = 2

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    Lecture Notes (Chapter 1.0 Introduction)

    Uploaded by

    Shaktivell Letchumanan
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    1. A function of two variables assigns a unique real number (dependent variable z) to each ordered pair of real numbers (independent variables x and y) within a domain set. The graph of such a function plots the points (x, y, z) where z = f(x, y). 2. Examples of functions of two variables include the area of a triangle (dependent on base and height), volume of a cylinder (dependent on radius and height), and Newton's law of motion (dependent on mass and acceleration). 3. To evaluate a function of two variables at a point, the values of both independent variables are substituted into the function, such as evaluating f(x, y) = 2

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    1. A function of two variables assigns a unique real number (dependent variable z) to each ordered pair of real numbers (independent variables x and y) within a domain set. The graph of such a function plots the points (x, y, z) where z = f(x, y). 2. Examples of functions of two variables include the area of a triangle (dependent on base and height), volume of a cylinder (dependent on radius and height), and Newton's law of motion (dependent on mass and acceleration). 3. To evaluate a function of two variables at a point, the values of both independent variables are substituted into the function, such as evaluating f(x, y) = 2

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    12 views3 pages

    Lecture Notes (Chapter 1.0 Introduction)

    Uploaded by

    Shaktivell Letchumanan
    1. A function of two variables assigns a unique real number (dependent variable z) to each ordered pair of real numbers (independent variables x and y) within a domain set. The graph of such a function plots the points (x, y, z) where z = f(x, y). 2. Examples of functions of two variables include the area of a triangle (dependent on base and height), volume of a cylinder (dependent on radius and height), and Newton's law of motion (dependent on mass and acceleration). 3. To evaluate a function of two variables at a point, the values of both independent variables are substituted into the function, such as evaluating f(x, y) = 2

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    1 Chapter 1: Functions of Several Variables

    Function of Two Variables

     Definition
    A function of two variables is a rule that assigns to each ordered pair of real numbers ( x, y )
    in a set D a unique real number denoted by f ( x, y ) , in which it can be represented in the
    form of:
    f : ( x, y ) z  f ( x, y )
    where
     Set D is the domain of f
     The corresponding set of values that f takes on is the range of f
     x and y are the independent variables
     z is the dependent variable

    Similar definition can be extended to functions of three, four or n variables, where the domain
    consist of ordered triples ( x1 , x2 , x3 ) , quadruples ( x1, x2 , x3 , x4 ) and n-tuples ( x1, x2 ,..., xn ) ,
    respectively.
    However, the scope of this course is limited to the discussion of functions of two and three
    variables only.

     Mapping of a Function of Two Variables


    y
    f

    (a1,b1)
    x z
    D (a ,b ) f(a1,b1) f(a2,b2)
    2 2

     Graph of a Function of Two Variables


    The graph of a function of two variables f is the set of all points ( x, y, z )  3
    such that
    z  f ( x, y ) , and ( x, y ) is in domain D.
    2 Chapter 1: Functions of Several Variables

    The graph for a linear function f ( x, y )  ax  by  c (where a, b and c are constant) is a


    plane.
    For example, the graph of f ( x, y )  2 x  y is

    20

    10
    z=f(x,y)

    -10

    -20
    30

    20 25
    20
    15
    10 10
    5
    y 0 0
    x

    The graph of f ( x, y )  sin x  sin y is

    1
    z=f(x,y)

    -1

    -2
    60

    40 50
    40
    30
    20 20
    10
    y 0 0
    x

     Examples of Functions of Two Variables


    1
    i. Area of triangle, A bh (b and h are independent variables)
    2
    ii. Volume of cylinder, V   r 2h (r and h are independent variables)
    iii. Newton’s law of motion, F  ma (m and a are independent variables)
    iv. f ( x, y )  x 2  2 xy 2 (x and y are independent variables)

     Some Common Notation for Functions of Two Variables


    i. f : ( x, y ) z , x  R, y  R, z  R
    ii. f : RR R
    3 Chapter 1: Functions of Several Variables

    iii. f : ( x, y ) z
    iv. f : ( x, y ) z  f ( x, y )
    v. f : ( x, y ) z  R, ( x, y )  R

     Evaluating a Function of Two Variables


    When evaluating a function of two variables, instead of just substituting in a x-value, now we
    will substitute in values for each of the independent variables.

    For example, evaluating the function f ( x, y )  2 x 2  y 2 for (1,1), (2,3) and (5,y), we have:
    f (1,1)  2(1)2  (1)2  3
    f (2,3)  2(2)2  (3)2  17
    f (5, y )  2(5)2  ( y )2  50  y 2

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