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    Cooling Methods of A Transformer

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    Regar Efendi
    There are different cooling methods for transformers depending on whether they are dry type or oil immersed. Dry type transformers use either air natural or air blast cooling using natural or forced air. Oil immersed transformers use methods like ONAN using natural convection of oil and air, ONAF adding forced air, OFAF circulating oil through external heat exchangers using fans, or OFWF circulating oil through external heat exchangers using forced water cooling. The cooling method used depends on the transformer rating and ability to dissipate heat.

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    Cooling Methods of A Transformer

    Uploaded by

    Regar Efendi
    556 views4 pages
    There are different cooling methods for transformers depending on whether they are dry type or oil immersed. Dry type transformers use either air natural or air blast cooling using natural or forced air. Oil immersed transformers use methods like ONAN using natural convection of oil and air, ONAF adding forced air, OFAF circulating oil through external heat exchangers using fans, or OFWF circulating oil through external heat exchangers using forced water cooling. The cooling method used depends on the transformer rating and ability to dissipate heat.

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    Cooling Methods of a Transformer

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    There are different cooling methods for transformers depending on whether they are dry type or oil immersed. Dry type transformers use either air natural or air blast cooling using natural or forced air. Oil immersed transformers use methods like ONAN using natural convection of oil and air, ONAF adding forced air, OFAF circulating oil through external heat exchangers using fans, or OFWF circulating oil through external heat exchangers using forced water cooling. The cooling method used depends on the transformer rating and ability to dissipate heat.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    556 views4 pages

    Cooling Methods of A Transformer

    Uploaded by

    Regar Efendi
    There are different cooling methods for transformers depending on whether they are dry type or oil immersed. Dry type transformers use either air natural or air blast cooling using natural or forced air. Oil immersed transformers use methods like ONAN using natural convection of oil and air, ONAF adding forced air, OFAF circulating oil through external heat exchangers using fans, or OFWF circulating oil through external heat exchangers using forced water cooling. The cooling method used depends on the transformer rating and ability to dissipate heat.

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    Cooling Methods Of A Transformer

    By Kiran Daware Transformer

    No transformer is truly an 'ideal transformer' and hence each will incur some losses, most of
    which get converted into heat. If this heat is not dissipated properly, the excess temperature
    in transformer may cause serious problems like insulation failure. It is obvious that
    transformer needs a cooling system. Transformers can be divided in two types as (i) dry
    type transformers and (ii) oil immersed transformers. Different cooling methods of
    transformers are -
     For dry type transformers
     Air Natural (AN)
     Air Blast
     For oil immersed tranformers
     Oil Natural Air Natural (ONAN)
     Oil Natural Air Forced (ONAF)
     Oil Forced Air Forced (OFAF)
     Oil Forced Water Forced (OFWF)

    Cooling Methods For Dry Type Transformers


    Air Natural Or Self Air Cooled Transformer
    This method of transformer cooling is generally used in small transformers (upto 3 MVA). In
    this method the transformer is allowed to cool by natural air flow surrounding it.

    Air Blast
    For transformers rated more than 3 MVA, cooling by natural air method is inadequate. In
    this method, air is forced on the core and windings with the help of fans or blowers. The air
    supply must be filtered to prevent the accumulation of dust particles in ventilation ducts.
    This method can be used for transformers upto 15 MVA.

    Cooling Methods For Oil Immersed Transformers


    Oil Natural Air Natural (ONAN)
    This method is used for oil immersed transformers. In this method, the heat generated in
    the core and winding is transferred to the oil. According to the principle of convection, the
    heated oil flows in the upward direction and then in the radiator. The vacant place is filled up
    by cooled oil from the radiator. The heat from the oil will dissipate in the atmosphere due to
    the natural air flow around the transformer. In this way, the oil in transformer keeps
    circulating due to natural convection and dissipating heat in atmosphere due to natural
    conduction. This method can be used for transformers upto about 30 MVA.

    Oil Natural Air Forced (ONAF)


    The heat dissipation can be improved further by applying forced air on the dissipating
    surface. Forced air provides faster heat dissipation than natural air flow. In this method, fans
    are mounted near the radiator and may be provided with an automatic starting arrangement,
    which turns on when temperature increases beyond certain value. This transformer cooling
    method is generally used for large transformers upto about 60 MVA.

    Oil Forced Air Forced (OFAF)


    In this method, oil is circulated with the help of a pump. The oil circulation is forced through
    the heat exchangers. Then compressed air is forced to flow on the heat exchanger with the
    help of fans. The heat exchangers may be mounted separately from the transformer tank
    and connected through pipes at top and bottom as shown in the figure. This type of cooling
    is provided for higher rating transformers at substations or power stations.
    Oil Forced Water Forced (OFWF)
    This method is similar to OFAF method, but here forced water flow is used to dissipate hear
    from the heat exchangers. The oil is forced to flow through the heat exchanger with the help
    of a pump, where the heat is dissipated in the water which is also forced to flow. The heated
    water is taken away to cool in separate coolers. This type of cooling is used in very large
    transformers having rating of several hundreds MVA.

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