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Mooc: 2016 July: Fundamentals of MIMO Wireless Communications

The document discusses the evolution of wireless communication systems from 1G to 5G. It describes the pioneer era from 1860-1921, the pre-cellular era from 1921-1980, and the cellular era from 1980 to present. Key technologies and standards discussed include 2G, 3G, 4G and the development of 5G which aims to provide data rates of 10Gbps and support new applications enabled by high speed connectivity and low latency. The history outlines the multi-decade process of research, standardization and commercial deployment required to develop each new generation of wireless technology.

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Harini Vemula
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86 views23 pages

Mooc: 2016 July: Fundamentals of MIMO Wireless Communications

The document discusses the evolution of wireless communication systems from 1G to 5G. It describes the pioneer era from 1860-1921, the pre-cellular era from 1921-1980, and the cellular era from 1980 to present. Key technologies and standards discussed include 2G, 3G, 4G and the development of 5G which aims to provide data rates of 10Gbps and support new applications enabled by high speed connectivity and low latency. The history outlines the multi-decade process of research, standardization and commercial deployment required to develop each new generation of wireless technology.

Uploaded by

Harini Vemula
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fundamentals of MIMO Wireless Communications

Mooc : 2016 July

Suvra Sekhar Das

G. S. Sanyal School of Telecommunications,


Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur.
Lecture 1

Evolution of Wireless Communication systems, 1G-5G


Wireless Era

1860 Pioneer Era 1860 - 1921

1921 Precellular Era 1921 - 1980

1980 Cellular Era 1980 - 2010+


Ref: Prof. Ramjee Prasad Lecture Notes
Pioneer Era
Pioneer Era
1860s Maxwell develops fundamental laws of electromagnetics

1880s Heinrich Hertz proves existence of EM waves

1860 1890s Nicola Tesla demonstrates radio telegraphy

1890s Alexander Popov builds first radio receiver

1921 1890s Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose rings a bell remotely

Early1900s Gugliemo Marconi - First Transatlantic radio


communication
1912 Sinking of the Titanic highlights the importance of wireless
communications on the seaways. In the following years
1980 marine radio is established.

Ref: Prasad Lecture Notes


Maxwell’s equations

Maxwell’s equations for free space

A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, in 1865

Solution of the above equations gives rise to propagating wave equations

It may also be inferred from the above equations that if E is changing at some point
then B has a curl at that point and thus can be considered as forming a small closed
loop linking the changing E field. Also if E is changing with time, then B will in general
also change with time, although not necessarily in the same way.

We further note that changing B produces an electric field which forms closed loops
about the B lines.

Therefore , there is once again changing electric field, the 1st hypothesis, but this field is
present at some distance from the original disturbance. The velocity of movement of the
disturbance is the speed of light.
Heinrich Rudolf Hertz experiement

A video of the experimental set up is available at


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZXYFr5YHew

Ref: Internet resources


• Nikola Tesla Tesla Coil , teleautomaton,
– 1893, radio controlled boat, wireless power
transfer, AC induction motor

• Alexander Stepanovich Popov


– On May 7, 1895 he presented a paper on a wireless lightning detector
he had built that worked via using a coherer to detect radio noise from
lightning strikes.

• Jagadish Chandra Bose


– Millimeter wave, semiconductor junction,
– Town hall Kolkata Demonstration 1894
Ignited gunpowder and rang a bell at a distance
Ref: Internet resources
• Guglielmo Marconi
– Radio telegraphy
– 1896-1902

– Sinking of the Titanic in 1912

• Claude Shannon
– 1948 : A Mathematical Theory of Communication",
– Father of information theory

Ref: Internet resources


Pre-Cellular Era
Pre-Cellular Era
1921 Detroit police department conducts field tests with mobile radio
1933 In the United States, four channels in the 30-40MHz range
1938 In the United States, ruled for regular services

1860 1940 Wireless communications is stimulated by World War II


1948 First commercial fully automated mobile telephone system is
deployed in Richmond, United States
1948 Claude Shannon publishes two benchmark papers on Information
Theory, containing the basis for data compression (source encoding)
and error detection and correction (channel encoding)

1921
1950’s Microwave telephone and communication links are developped
1960’s Introduction of trunked radio systems with automatic channel
allocation capabilities in the United States
1970’s Commercial mobile telephone system operated in many countries
(e.g. 100 million moving vehicles on US highways, B-Netz in (West-)
Germany.
1980

Ref: lecture notes: Prof. Ramjee Prasad


Cellular Era

Cellular Era
1980’s Deployment of analogue cellular systems
1860 1990’s Digital cellular deployment and dual mode operation of
digital systems
2000’s Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunication Systems
(FPLMTS) / International Mobile Telecommunciations –
2000 (IMT-2000) / Universal Mobile Telecommunication
1921 Systems (UMTS) deployed with multimedia services

2010s Wireless broadband communications will be available


with B-OFDM and All IP

1980 2010’s + Radio over fibre (such as fibre-optic microcells)

Ref: lecture notes: Prof. Ramjee Prasad


Wireless Communication
Small cells
Millimeter wave,
D2D, SoN
5G
2020
Wireless
Broadband
10Gbps
Digital
Voice +
Data
4G 2000 -
today

100’s of Mbps
Digital
Voice
3G 1990 -
2000
Analog 10’s of Mbps
Voice
2G
1980 - 90
1G Few Kbps
1970 - 80

Very low rate 11


Applications --Technologies
Recent Wireless Communications Systems

High Data Rate


High Mobility
5G Scenarios5G
and Scenarios
Requirements

Ref: Internet resources, metis


5G Scenarios and Requirements

Ref: Internet resources


Technology Evolution Future Radio Access

WIFI

3G

4G

5G

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020


18 July 2016 16
Time Required for New Technology Development and Deployment

Deployment

Implementation

Spectrum
allocation

Set goal Set requirements Standardization + enhancement

10 years

Ref: lecture notes: Prof. Ramjee Prasad


History of cellular telephony

1970s/1980s 1982/1992 1992/2001 …./2007,2012, 2010

Ref: Channelization, Link Adaptation and Multi-antenna Techniques for OFDM(A) BasedWireless Systems: Muhammad Imadur Rahman
Main Components of 2G
• Narrow band communication systems

• Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying

• Maximum likelihood sequence detector

• Convolution coder

• TDMA , FDMA, FDD


Main Components of 3G + ( WCDMA, HSPA)

5 MHz Bandwidth Code Division Rake Receiver


multiple access

Multi User Quadrature High Speed


Detector Amplitude Packet
Modulation Access

Mimo Beam Spatial Multiplexing


signaling Forming Using Precoding control
information (PCI)
feedback
Main Components of 4G Systems
• Higher QAM • Frequency Domain Adaptation
Link Adaptation
Packet Scheduling
Radio Resource Allocation.
16QAM 64QAM 256QAM

• OFDM

f Turbo Encoder & Decoder


Increasing the number of sub-
carriers; 1.25times (IEEE 802.11)

• MIMO

HARQ Link Adaptation


Channel capacity becomes N
times for SISO
Acknowledgement: Yashushi Takatori
The Road to 5G

Networked Society .. . . .

18 July 2016 23
Networked
Tactile Internet

Mobile Cloud

Cooperative / Coordination
(5) NOMA
(4)
Machine to Machine
Software Defined Network (SDN)
Millimeter Wave
GREEN
COMMUNICATION (2)
Synchronized

New Waveforms Massive MIMO


Small Cells (Het Net), SO
(1) (3)
18 July 2016 24

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