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GE 253 Week 4 Lecture Slides

The document summarizes key concepts in Newtonian mechanics, including: 1) Newton's 3 Laws of Motion - an object at rest stays at rest unless acted on by an external force, force equals mass times acceleration, and for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. 2) Concepts of weight, normal force, friction, and resolving vectors into components are explained. 3) An example shows resolving multiple forces on an object into x and y components to find the net force and its direction.

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manishnarayan
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82 views11 pages

GE 253 Week 4 Lecture Slides

The document summarizes key concepts in Newtonian mechanics, including: 1) Newton's 3 Laws of Motion - an object at rest stays at rest unless acted on by an external force, force equals mass times acceleration, and for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. 2) Concepts of weight, normal force, friction, and resolving vectors into components are explained. 3) An example shows resolving multiple forces on an object into x and y components to find the net force and its direction.

Uploaded by

manishnarayan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Instructor: Manish Narayan

Physics
 First Law:
 An object at rest remains at rest and an object in
constant motion remains in constant motion unless
acted upon by a net external Force.

 Second Law:
 F = ma (Force equals mass times acceleration)
 Or acceleration is directly proportional to the Force but
inversely proportional to the mass.

 Third Law:
 For every action force there is an equal and opposite
reaction force.
 F = ma
 Force = mass x acceleration
 = kg x m/s2 or 1 N
 1 N = 1 Newton
 One Newton of force is required to cause a 1 kg
object to accelerate at 1 m/s2.
 1 kN = 1000 N
 If the net force on an object is 0 (balanced) , then the
object is said to be in equilibrium (meaning at rest
or at a constant velocity)
 If the net force on an object is not zero, then the
object must be accelerating:

100 N
-50 N

 If I apply a force to the right of 100 N and another


force in the opposite direction of 50 N then the net
force on the box is: -50 + 100 = 50 N (The box will
accelerate to the right!)
 The Earth pulls us down with a gravitational
force and we call this our Weight (W)
 Using Newton’s second law and the fact that
Earth’s gravitational acceleration is 9.8 m/s2:
 W=mg
 Weight is also measured in Newtons (N) as it is
a Force.
 My weight is W= (67 kg)(9.8 m/s2) = 657 N on
Earth.
 When an object is in contact with a surface (i.e., table or
wall) then there is a perpendicular force the surface exerts
on the object which is known as “normal” force:

 Weight is the force acting down due to gravity.


 The contact or “normal” force is the table pusing up on the
green box (N)
 If you apply a force to the left (F) then the frictional force
will be in the opposite direction of motion (Ff)
 Frictional force will be discussed in next slide.
 The frictional force on an object sliding on a
surface is:
F f  N
 mu (μ) is called the frictional coefficient and N is
the normal force.
 There are two types of frictional coefficients:
 Coefficient of Static Friction: μs
 Coefficient of Kinetic Friction: μk
 Initially it is hard to push an object since one must
overcome static friction, but once it gets moving
then a smaller force is needed to keep it moving
(kinetic friction).
 Remember a vector is a quantity that has both
magnitude and direction (velocity, acceleration,
force, etc.)
 Vectors can be resolved into components:
Fx  F cos 
F
Fy  F sin  

  Fy
 Fx F  F Fx
2
y
2
 Assume a Force F=100 N is applied at an angle
of 30 degrees in the previous diagram:
 First find the x component of Force:
Fx  F cos 
Fx  100 cos 30  86.6 Newtons

 Next find the y component of Force:


Fx  F sin  
Fx  100 sin  30   50.0 Newtons
 If there are many forces acting on an object with
different magnitudes and different directions then
just break each force into components and finally
find the net force in both the x & y directions:
 Once the sum of the forces in each direction are
found then just use Pythagorean theorem to find
the resultant force’s magnitude.
 Finally use the tan-1 of the y component of force
divided by the x component of force in order to
find the direction angle of the resultant.
 Example of resolving multiple forces on next
slide…
00N
1
-50 N   30
 The force in the left direction (-50 N) only has a x component of force: Fx=-
50 N
 The force (100 N) at an angle of 30 degrees has both x and y components of
force:
 Fx=100cos(30) = 86.6 N
 Fy=100sin(30) = 50.0 N
 Now sum all the forces in the x and y direction:
 ΣFx= -50 + 86.6 = 16.6 N
 ΣFy= 50 N (only one component in y direction)
 Use Pythagorean Theorem to find resultant force:
F  16.6 2  50 2  52.7 Newtons
 The direction of the resultant force is :  50 
  tan 1    71.6

 16.6 

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