Scribd
Upload
83 views2 pages

Kinematics in One Dimension: Conceptual Questions

This document contains conceptual questions and problems about kinematics in one dimension. It includes explanations and solutions involving equations of motion for objects moving under constant acceleration, such as balls thrown upward or dropped from heights. Key equations discussed are the kinematic equations that relate displacement, velocity, acceleration and time.

Uploaded by

Larry Rico
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
83 views2 pages

Kinematics in One Dimension: Conceptual Questions

This document contains conceptual questions and problems about kinematics in one dimension. It includes explanations and solutions involving equations of motion for objects moving under constant acceleration, such as balls thrown upward or dropped from heights. Key equations discussed are the kinematic equations that relate displacement, velocity, acceleration and time.

Uploaded by

Larry Rico
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

CHAPTER 2 KINEMATICS IN ONE DIMENSION

CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS

13. REASONING AND SOLUTION Two objects are thrown vertically upward, first one, and then, a
bit later, the other. The time required for either ball to reach its maximum height can be found from
( )
Equation 2.4: v = v0 + at . At the maximum height, v = 0; solving for t yields, t = − v0 / a where a is
the acceleration due to gravity. Clearly, the time required to reach the maximum height depends on
the initial speed with which the object was thrown. Since the second object is launched later, its
initial speed must be less than the initial speed of the first object in order that both objects reach their
maximum heights at the same instant. The maximum height that each object attains can be found from
( )
Equation 2.9: v 2 = v02 + 2ay . At the maximum height, v = 0; solving for y gives, y = v02 / 2a where a
is the acceleration due to gravity. Since the second object has a smaller initial speed v0, it will also
attain a smaller maximum height. Thus, it is not possible for both objects to reach the same maximum
height at the same instant.

PROBLEMS
38. REASONING AND SOLUTION
a. Once the pebble has left the slingshot, it is subject only to the acceleration due to gravity. Since
the downward direction is negative, the acceleration of the pebble is –9.8 m/s2.

b. The displacement y traveled by the pebble as a function of the time t can be found from Equation
2.8. Using Equation 2.8, we have

[ ]
y = v0 t + 12 a y t 2 = (–9.0 m/s)(0.50 s) + 12 (–9.80 m/s 2 )(0.50 s) 2 = –5.7 m

Thus, after 0.50 s, the pebble is 5.7 m beneath the cliff-top.


______________________________________________________________________________________________________
47. REASONING The initial speed of the ball can be determined from Equation 2.9 v 2 = v02 + 2ay . ( )
Once the initial speed of the ball is known, Equation 2.9 can be used a second time to determine the
height above the launch point when the speed of the ball has decreased to one half of its initial value.

SOLUTION When the ball has reached its maximum height, its velocity is zero. If we take upward
as the positive direction, we have from Equation 2.9

v0 = v 2 − 2ay = 0 2 − 2(–9.80 m/s 2 )(16 m) = 18 m/s

When the speed of the ball has decreased to one half of its initial value,
Chapter 2 Conceptual Questions 9

v0
v=
2
and Equation 2.9 gives

v 2 − v02 (v 0 / 2) 2 − v02 v02  1  (18 m/s) 2  1 


y= = =  − 1 =  − 1 = 12 m
2a 2a 2a  4  2(–9.80 m/s 2 )  4 
_59. REASONING The average velocity for each segment is the slope of the line for that segment.

SOLUTION Taking the direction of motion as positive, we have from the graph for segments A, B,
and C,
10.0 km – 40.0 km
vA = = – 2.0×101 km/h
1.5 h – 0.0 h

20.0 km – 10.0 km
vB = = 1.0×101 km/h
2.5 h – 1.5 h

40.0 km – 20.0 km
vC = = 40 km/h
3.0 h – 2.5 h
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
60. REASONING AND SOLUTION
a. The sign of the average velocity during a segment corresponds to the sign of the slope of the
segment. The slope, and hence the average velocity, is positive for segments A and D, negative for
segment C, and ZERO for segment B.

b.
1.00 km - 0 km
v = = 5.0 km/h
A 0.20 s - 0 s
1.00 km - 1.00 km
v = = 0.0 km/h
B 0.40 s - 0.20 s
0.25 km - 1.00 km
v = = – 3.8 km/h
C 0.60 s - 0.40 s
1.25 km - 0.25 km
v = = 2.5 km/h
D 1.00 s - 0.60 s
65. SSM REASONING AND SOLUTION The speed of the penny as it hits the ground can be
determined from Equation 2.9: v 2 = v02 + 2ay . Since the penny is dropped from rest, v0 = 0 . Solving
for v, with downward taken as the positive direction, we have

2
v = 2(9.80 m/s )(427 m) = 91.5 m/s
______________________________________________________________________________________________

You might also like