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Inverted T Footing

This document provides an example problem and solution for designing the reinforcement of an inverted T-beam combined foundation. The foundation supports two columns transferring axial and load forces. The solution involves determining the required base area and dimensions to coincide with the center of gravity of the column loads. Bending moments, shear forces, and the maximum bending moment are calculated. Reinforcement is designed for the T-beam section between the columns and for the rectangular beam sections at the column locations. Main reinforcement of 32mm diameter bars is selected, with the section determined to be singly reinforced.

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100% found this document useful (3 votes)
4K views7 pages

Inverted T Footing

This document provides an example problem and solution for designing the reinforcement of an inverted T-beam combined foundation. The foundation supports two columns transferring axial and load forces. The solution involves determining the required base area and dimensions to coincide with the center of gravity of the column loads. Bending moments, shear forces, and the maximum bending moment are calculated. Reinforcement is designed for the T-beam section between the columns and for the rectangular beam sections at the column locations. Main reinforcement of 32mm diameter bars is selected, with the section determined to be singly reinforced.

Uploaded by

Mohamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Design of Reinforced Concrete Elements 275

5.16.14 Example 5.33: Inverted T-Beam Combined Foundation


An inverted T-beam combined foundation is required to support two square columns
transferring axial loads as shown in Figure 5.125. Using the data provided, design suitable
reinforcement for the base.

Design Data:
Characteristic dead load on column A 450 kN
Characteristic imposed load on column A 450 kN
Characteristic dead load on column B 750 kN
Characteristic imposed load on column B 750 kN
Characteristic concrete strength fcu = 40 N/mm2
Characteristic of reinforcement fy = 460 N/mm2
Net permissible ground bearing pressure pg = 175 kN/m2
Nominal cover to centre of main reinforcement 40 mm
Column A dimensions 350 mm × 350 mm
Column B dimensions 350 mm × 350 mm
Gk = 450 kN Gk = 750 kN
Qk = 450 kN Qk = 750 kN

Columns
350 mm × 350 mm 400 mm

A B
800 mm

0.6 m 5.0 m Xm Ym 460 mm

Figure 5.125

5.16.15 Solution to Example 5.33

Contract : Foundations Job Ref. No. : Example 5.33 Calcs. by : W.McK.


Part of Structure : Inverted T-Beam, Combined Foundation Checked by :
Calc. Sheet No. : 1 of 7 Date :

References Calculations Output

The foundation should be designed as a T-beam between the


columns where the rib is in tension and as a rectangular beam at
the column positions where the bottom slab is in tension.
Using the service loads it is first necessary to determine a
suitable base area and dimensions X and Y such that the centre-
line of the base coincides with the centre-of-gravity of the
column loads. This ensures a uniform earth pressure under the
base.
276 Design of Structural Elements

Contract : Foundations Job Ref. No. : Example 5.33 Calcs. by : W.McK.


Part of Structure :Inverted T-Beam, Combined Foundation Checked by :
Calc. Sheet No. : 2 of 7 Date :

References Calculations Output

Base Area:
Total service load = (450 + 450 + 750 + 750) = 2400 kN
service load
Minimum area required =
permissible bearing pressure
2400
= = 13.71 m2
175
5.0 m

900 kN 1500 kN

A B
Actual Load System

Total load = 2400 kN

B
x

Equivalent Load System

Equate the moments of the force systems about the centre-line


of column B:
Mcentre-line column B = (900 × 5.0) = (2400 × x) ∴x = 1.875 m

The centre-line of the base should coincide with this position.

B
1.875 m

5.0 m
900 kN 2400 kN

0.6 m 3.125 m 1.875 m X m


Design of Reinforced Concrete Elements 277

Contract : Foundations Job Ref. No. : Example 5.33 Calcs. by : W.McK.


Part of Structure :Inverted T-Beam, Combined Foundation Checked by :
Calc. Sheet No. : 3 of 7 Date :

References Calculations Output

Length of the base = [2 × (3.125 + 0.6)] = 7.45 m


∴ X = (7.45 − 5.6) = 1.85 m

Width of the base Y = (13.71 / 7.45) = 1.84 m

Ultimate bearing pressure:


Ultimate load on column A = (1.4 × 450) + (1.6 × 450)
= 1350 kN
Ultimate load on column B = (1.4 × 750) + (1.6 × 750)
= 2250 kN

Ultimate design pressure under the base =


(1350 + 2250)
(7.45 ×1.84)
= 262.6 kN/m2

The combined base can be regarded as a beam 1.84 m wide.


Longitudinal load/m = (262.6 × 1.84) = 483.2 kN/m
1350 kN 2250 kN
483.2 kN/m
P Q R S

0.6 m 5.0 m 1.85 m

Shear force at Q = (483.2 × 0.6) = + 289.9 kN


and = (289.9 − 1350) = − 1060 kN

Shear force at R =−1060 + (483.2 × 5.0) = +1356 kN


and =(1356 − 2250) = −894.1 kN
1060
Position of zero shear = = 2.19 m
483.2
1356 kN

289.9 kN

Shear force diagram


894.1 kN
1060 kN
Bending moment at Q = shaded area
 0.6 
=  × 289.9  = 86.8 kNm
 2 
278 Design of Structural Elements

Contract : Foundations Job Ref. No. : Example 5.33 Calcs. by : W.McK.


Part of Structure :Inverted T-Beam, Combined Foundation Checked by :
Calc. Sheet No. : 4 of 7 Date :

References Calculations Output

Bending moment at R = shaded area


 1.85 
=  ×894  = 827 kNm
 2 
Maximum bending moment at point of zero shear:
 2.19 
= resultant shaded area = 87 −  ×1060  = − 1074 kNm
 2 
1074 kNm

87 kNm
827 kNm

Design the base as a T-beam between A and B and as a


rectangular beam at the column locations.

Assume 32 mm diameter bars for the main steel.

Effective depth:
d = (1260 – 40 – 16 ) = 1204 mm
(Note: This is the mean effective depth)

400 mm
d = 1204 mm

460 mm

1840 mm

Bending between the columns A and B (T-beam):

Design bending moment between the columns = 1074 kNm

M 1074 ×10 6
Clause 3.4.4.4 K= 2
= = 0.01 < K´ ( = 0.156)
bd f cu 1840 ×1204 2 × 40
Section is singly reinforced
Design of Reinforced Concrete Elements 279

Contract : Foundations Job Ref. No. : Example 5.33 Calcs. by : W.McK.


Part of Structure :Inverted T-Beam, Combined Foundation Checked by :
Calc. Sheet No. : 5 of 7 Date :

References Calculations Output

x = (d − z)/0.45 = (0.05 × 1204)/0.45 = 133.8 mm < 460 mm


The neutral axis lies in the flange
  K     0.01  
Z = d 0.5 +  0.25 −   = d 0.5 +  0.25 − 
  0.9  
   0.9  
 Top
= 0.98d Reinforcement
The lever arm is limited to 0.95d
Select:
6 3/32 mm diameter
M 1074 ×10 bars providing
As = = = 2149 mm2
0.95 f y Z 0.95 × 460 × 0.95 ×1204 2410 mm2

Design bending moment at column B (Rectangular section):



= 483.2 ×
(1.85 − 0.175)2  = 678 kNm
 2 
400 mm
d = 1204 mm

460 mm

1840 mm

M 678 ×10 6
Clause 3.4.4.4 K= 2
= = 0.03 < K´ ( = 0.156)
bd f cu 400 ×1204 2 × 40
Section is singly reinforced
  0.03  
Z = d 0.5 +  0.25 −   = 0.96d
  0.9  

The lever arm is limited to 0.95d Bottom
M 678 ×10 6 Reinforcement
As = = = 1356 mm2
0.95 f y Z 0.95 × 460 × 0.95 ×1204
Select:
100 As 3/25 mm diameter
Table 3.25 Minimum area of steel = = 0.26%
bw h bars providing
1470 mm2
0.26 × 400 ×1260
As ≥ = 1310 mm2 < 1356 mm2
100

The bottom reinforcement required at column A should be


determined by the reader.
280 Design of Structural Elements

Contract : Foundations Job Ref. No. : Example 5.33 Calcs. by : W.McK.


Part of Structure :Inverted T-Beam, Combined Foundation Checked by :
Calc. Sheet No. : 6 of 7 Date :

References Calculations Output

The reinforcement required to resist transverse bending can be


determined in a similar manner. Consider a 1m width strip:

720 mm

1.0 m

483.2 kN/m2
Assume 25 mm diameter bars:

d = (460 − 40 − 25 − 13) = 382 mm


 2 
Transverse bending moment =  483.2 × 0.72 
 2 

= 125.2 kNm/m width
6
M 125.2 ×10
Clause 3.4.4.4 K= = = 0.02 < K´ ( = 0.156)
bd 2 f cu 1000 × 382 2 × 40
Section is singly reinforced
  0.02  
Z = d 0.5 +  0.25 −  = 0.98d
  0.9  

The lever arm is limited to 0.95d

M 125.2 ×10 6
As = = = 789 mm2 /m Bottom
0.95 f y Z 0.95 × 460 × 0.95 × 382 Reinforcement

Table 3.25 Minimum area of steel = 0.15% Select:


0.15 ×1000 × 460 20 mm diameter bars
As ≥ = 690 mm2/m < 789 mm2/m @ 400 mm centres
100 providing 786 mm2/m
Clause 3.4.5 Shear resistance of the T-beam:
Consider shear at the face of Column B
Table 3.8 Critical shear stress

100 As 100 × 2410


= = 0.5 ∴ vc = 0.5 N/mm2
bv d 400 ×1204

Modify to allow for using C40 concrete


vc = (0.5 × 1.17) = 0.59 N/mm2

Table 3.7 (vc + 0.4) = 0.99 N/mm2


Design of Reinforced Concrete Elements 281

Contract : Foundations Job Ref. No. : Example 5.33 Calcs. by : W.McK.


Part of Structure :Inverted T-Beam, Combined Foundation Checked by :
Calc. Sheet No. : 7 of 7 Date :

References Calculations Output

Shear force at the face of the column:


V = (1356 − (483.2 × 0.175) = 1271.4 kN
V 1271.4 ×10 3
v = = = 2.64 N/mm2
bv d 400 ×1204
Since (vc + 0.4) < v < 0.8 f cu
< 5.0 N/mm2
Design links are required
bsv s v (υ − υ c ) Adopt double 10 mm
Asv ≥ diameter two-legged
0.95 f yv
links @ 100 mm
Assume two-legged 10 mm diameter links ∴ Asv = 157 mm2 centres for the 1st
 157 × 0.95 × 250  metre from column B
Sv ≤   = 45.5 mm
 400 × (2.64 − 0.59)

A similar calculation should be carried out by the reader to


determine the links required over the full length of the
T-beam.

Clause 3.4.5 Shear resistance of the flange: Consider shear at the face of rib

720 mm

483.2 kN/m2
Table 3.8 Critical shear stress
100 As 100 × 786
= = 0.2 ; d = 382 mm
bv d 1000 × 382
vc = 0.37 N/mm2 ; modify to allow for using C40 concrete
vc = (0.37 × 1.17) = 0.43 N/mm2
(vc + 0.4) = 0.83 N/mm2

Shear force V = (483.2 × 1.0 × 0.72) = 348 kN


V 348 ×10 3
v = = = 0.91 N/mm2 < 0.8 f cu
bv d 1000 × 382
< 5.0 N/mm2
Table 3.16 Since the shear stress v is greater than vc shear reinforcement is
required. Shear links are not normally provided in slabs.
Alternatives to providing links are to increase the % of
reinforcement As and hence increase the value of vc sufficiently,
or to increase the thickness of the slab, which will reduce the
value of v.

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