The document provides information on plumbing design courses, including:
1. The purpose of plumbing systems is to provide clean water supply and drain waste safely. Systems covered include water supply, sewage drainage, and storm water drainage.
2. Standards and codes for plumbing systems include the Uniform Plumbing Code, National Plumbing Code, and International Plumbing Code.
3. Water supply is estimated based on number of occupants, water demands for different uses, and desired storage duration. Options for tank arrangements are discussed.
The document provides information on plumbing design courses, including:
1. The purpose of plumbing systems is to provide clean water supply and drain waste safely. Systems covered include water supply, sewage drainage, and storm water drainage.
2. Standards and codes for plumbing systems include the Uniform Plumbing Code, National Plumbing Code, and International Plumbing Code.
3. Water supply is estimated based on number of occupants, water demands for different uses, and desired storage duration. Options for tank arrangements are discussed.
The document provides information on plumbing design courses, including:
1. The purpose of plumbing systems is to provide clean water supply and drain waste safely. Systems covered include water supply, sewage drainage, and storm water drainage.
2. Standards and codes for plumbing systems include the Uniform Plumbing Code, National Plumbing Code, and International Plumbing Code.
3. Water supply is estimated based on number of occupants, water demands for different uses, and desired storage duration. Options for tank arrangements are discussed.
The document provides information on plumbing design courses, including:
1. The purpose of plumbing systems is to provide clean water supply and drain waste safely. Systems covered include water supply, sewage drainage, and storm water drainage.
2. Standards and codes for plumbing systems include the Uniform Plumbing Code, National Plumbing Code, and International Plumbing Code.
3. Water supply is estimated based on number of occupants, water demands for different uses, and desired storage duration. Options for tank arrangements are discussed.
The purpose of plumbing design system, is to provide clean water supply with a suitable capacity &pressure to water fixtures and to drain the result outside the building safely without affecting health.
1.1 BRIEF FOR PLUMBING SYSTEMS
1. Water Supply System.
2. Sewer Drainage System. 3. Grey Water System. 4. Chemical Waste Drainage System. 5. Storm (Rain) Water Drainage System. 6. Air Conditioning Condensate System. 7. Oil & Grease Drainage System. 8. Basement Floor Drainage. 9. Irrigation System. 10. Swimming Pool System.
1.2 CODES AND STANDARDS FOR PLUMBING SYSTEM
1. UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE (UPC).
2. NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE (NPC). 3. INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE (IPC). 4. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLUMBING ENGINEERS (ASPE). 5. .الكود المصري لتصميم وتنفيذ خطوط المواسير لشبكات مياه الشرب والصرف الصحي 6. الكود المصري ألسس تصميم وشروط التنفيذ لهندسة التركيبات الصحية للمباني. 7. الكود المصري ألعمال التغذية بالمياه الساخنة وحمامات السباحة. 8. .الكود المصري لمحطات الرفع
1.3 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
1. Sources of Water. 2. Estimation of Water Demand for a Certain Project. 3. Water Supply Network Component.
1.4 SOURCES OF WATER
The water network of a building/project is being supplied by using one or more of the following sources:
Water is supplied from water station after filtration/treatment to fill Elevated Water Tanks, the water then supply buildings by the action of gravity. Elevated Water Tank is re-filled by using water pumps located near to the elevated tank. Elevated Tanks helps to avoid the intermittent operation of pumps and thus decrease operating duration of pump and increase its life time.
Underground water tanks are used when a continuous supply of water is needed (Hospitals-Hotels-Office Buildings…etc.). Also water tanks is needed if the project has high water demand and thus has huge pumps which couldn’t be obtained directly from the municipal water network. The underground water tank is filled by municipal water network, then a pumping station is used to elevate water to the buildings fixtures with the minimum required operating pressure. Underground water tanks are being sized according to the desired storage duration and project application. Underground water tanks are commonly made of concrete.
Roof water tanks are used to minimize the capacity of underground water tank and also decreases the operating time of ground water pumps (LIFTING PUMP). Roof water tanks are used to supply the project by gravity so it decreases and minimizes the load on the ground water pump (regardless of the highest floors which need small capacity pumps due to low static pressure of water due to low water head). Roof water tanks are made of (polyethylene-polypropylene-stainless steel-GRP) Roof water tanks are placed at the highest point at roof floor to increase the static head as much as possible, increasing static pressure would avoid installing an additional roof water network to supply last floors by additional pumps. Civil engineer should be revised for roof tank location and capacities (weight). Underground tank supplies the roof tanks by using a lifting pump, and then roof tanks supply the system directly by a gravity roof water network and a Booster pump for highest floors(if needed).
Corrosion resistant tanks made of composite materials (Glass Reinforced Plastic). Used when a specific capacity of water storage tank is needed (a capacity not found in plastic tanks). Concrete Roof tanks also may be also used for very hot areas to avoid excessive heating of water or tank damage. If GRP tanks with large capacities will be installed at roof floor, it should be installed on columns to avoid excessive load on roof floor which would damage roof slab.
For high rise buildings where the static head is very high, an intermediate tank would be added at an intermediate floor of the building to supply upper floors. Two series connected pumps would be used instead of the intermediate tank.
Water demand (Capacity and storage duration) for a project should be well estimated to ensure a continuous supply of water whenever needed by project occupants or equipment. The water demands varies from one project to another, also storage duration varies according to project location and municipal water supply conditions :( 1day storage for a residential building – 2 days for hospitals etc.) Amount of stored water should be well estimated to avoid:
(Huge capacity & high cost) if overestimation of stored water occurred, OR
Shortage of water if underestimation had occurred.
To estimate the required water capacity the following factors should be known: 1. Number of project occupants and equipment. 2. Required water demand for occupants according to the application. 3. Water Storage Duration.
2.1 NUMBER OF PROJECT OCCUPANTS& EQUIPMENTS
The water demand depends basically on the number of project occupants and equipment need to be supplied with water (if required) such data should be known from one of the following sources:
Data from project Architect.
Furniture of drawing plans (number of rooms for hotels /hospitals – number of offices for office buildings, etc.). By estimating occupants number according to the total gross area of the project. (1 person occupies about 100ft2 at office building).
Water is being supplied to the project by a buried
municipal network which fills water tanks or supplies the project directly. Water meter and a stop valve Installed inside a valve pit or another suitable location should be provided.
Water supply network is being buried at a safe underground level surrounded by clean sand layers to avoid mechanical loads. A 15 cm clean sand bedding should be prepared below water pipe, and a minimum of 30 cm bedding above water pipe should also be prepared. The water supply network should be routed around the outer area of the project to supply each water branch line. Water supply network should be routed away from any electrical rooms or hazardous spaces. If the water supply and drainage pipes are intersected, water supply pipes should be 30 cm above drainage pipes. Water supply pipes should be 2 meters away from drainage pipes.
3.2 WATER SUPPLY PIPES & ACCESSORIES
Potable water supply lines are designed to serve 30-50 years.
The allowed pipe materials for water supply pipes shall be as follow: UPVC Polypropylene. High Density Polyethylene. CPVC. Copper. Galvanized steel. Ductile Iron. In general, the lead concentration for any pipes used for water supply purposes shouldn’t exceed 0.8%.
3.2.1 WATER SUPPLY PIPES
Water supply pipe network inside the building is preferred to be at the basement floor to provide isolating valves at the riser bases (easy accessible). If water supply network can’t be installed at basement floor, water network is highly preferred to be installed at roof floor for a better control of water supply risers. Water supply riser is preferred to be routed inside a duct. Water supply pipes inside toilets is preferred to be at the high level of toilet (in case that false ceiling is used).
Valves are used for water supply network to separate it for ease of maintenance. Valves should be made of (copper- stainless steel- plastic – bronze) and should be coated by nickel- chrome. Valves should be installed at water network through a dismantling joint (Erection Joint). Types of used valves: Sectional Valves& valve pit/ house connection. Air valve. Drain Valve. Pressure reducing valve.
5.1 SECTIONAL VALVES& VALVE BOX
Sectional valves/house connection should be installed at each branch line of the water supply network to separate this branch when needed for maintenance. Valves should be installed inside an accessible valve pit. Most common sectional valves are Gate Valves- Butterfly Valves(light weight-less volume). Sectional valves are installed for: Each building. Between water meter gauge. Each home water inlet. Each riser and branch.
Used to decrease the pressure to operate the lines and fixtures below maximum pressure. Should be installed inside a valve pit. Maximum operating pressure for plumbing fixtures is 4 Bar.
