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Decoding a Base64 encoded

string
It is often necessary for some web servers to be able to authenticate users to allow
access to a directory of file.
There are many ways of doing this...one of the more common (and least secure) is
Basic Authentication. Basic
authentication uses Base64 to encode the user's name and password so there are no
"clear" text passwords flying
around the net as you get during ftp logins.
When viewed through a network sniffer auser name of "Administrator" and a
password of "pass" appears as
"QWRtaW5pc3RyYXRvcjpwYXNz". When the userID and password are encoded a
colon (:) is used to separate
them. So :
"QWRtaW5pc3RyYXRvcjpwYXNz" translates to Administrator: pass

Base64 uses a 65 character subset of US-ASCII, allowing 6 bits for each character so
the character "m" with a
Base64 value of 38, when represented in binary form, is 100110.
When a text string, let's say "mne" is encoded this is what happens : The text string
is converted into its US-ASCII value. (In US-ASCII each character is assigned a
value) :

The character "n" has the decimal value of 110

The character "e" has the decimal value of 101
so "mne" (a 3 8-bit-byte text string) is 109 110 101 in decimal form. When
converted to binary the string looks
like this :

01101101 01101110 01100101

These three 8-bit-bytes are concatenated (linked together) to make a 24 bit stream :

011011010110111001100101

This 24 bit stream is then split up into 4 6-bit sections :

011011 010110 111001 100101

We now have 4 values. These binary values, when converted into decimal form look
like this:
27 22 57 37

This document has been provided to you by KOOLKAMPUS.com

This document has been provided to you by KOOLKAMPUS.com

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0000011110101011010000111010011110001111001011110110000100001001101011011100010111101101000100010000011101101111000001111000001111001011110001110010010100001101011000011010010110101101001001001100101100101011000001110100110110111101100000010010010101001101000001111010101101000011101001111000111100101111011000010000100110101101110001011110110100010001000001110110111100000111100000111100101111000111
0010010100001101011000011010010110101101001001001100101100101011000001110100110110111101100000010010010101001101000001111010101101000011101001111000111100101111011000010000100110101101110001011110110100010001000001110110111100000111100000111100101111000111001001010000110101100001101001011010110100100100110010110010101100000111010011011011110110000001001001010100110100000111101010110100001110100111
1000111100101111011000010000100110101101110001011110110100010001000001110110111100000111100000111100101111000111001001010000110101100001101001011010110100100100110010110010101100000111010011011011110110000001001001010100110100000111101010110100001110100111100011110010111101100001000010011010110111000101111011010001000100000111011011110000011110000011110010111100011100100101000011010110000110100101
1010110100100100110010110010101100000111010011011011110110000001001001010100110100000111101010110100001110100111100011110010111101100001000010011010110111000101111011010001000100000111011011110000011110000011110010111100011100100101000011010110000110100101101011010010010011001011001010110000011101001101101111011000000100100101010011010000011110101011010000111010011110001111001011110110000100001001

Now each character of the Base64 character set has a decimal value. We now change
these decimal values into the
Base64 equivalent :
27 = b
22 = w
57 = 5
37 = l
So "mne" when encoded as Base64 reads as "bw5l". Below is a table of the Base64
character set with their decimal values :

Table 1: The Base64 Alphabet

Value Encoding Value Encoding Value Encoding Value Encoding

When decoding a Base64 string just do the reverse :

1)Convert the character to it's Base64 decimal value.
2)Convert this decimal value into binary.
3)Squash the 6 bits of each character into one big string of binary digits.
4)Split this string up into groups of 8 bits (starting from right to left).
5)Convert each 8-bit binary value into a decimal number.
6)Convert this decimal value into its US-ASCII equivalent.
And that's all there is to decoding a Base64 encoded string

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