255

APPENDIX A

Comparison of Subject
Material Describing the
Queen of Sheba’s Visit to
Solomon’s Court

Sheba-Menelik Josephus 1 Kings 10: 1-13

Cycle
Came with gifts Came with gifts Came with large
retinue and gifts
Took up residence Amazed at the Questioned
in the palace palace Solomon
Description of the Amazed at Solomon answered
wonderful food sumptuous all her questions
apartments
Was given Was shown the Impressed by
beautiful clothes house known as the Solomon’s wisdom,
Forest of Lebanon palace, food,
seating
arrangements,
attendants’ clothes’
wine’ burnt
offerings
Experienced Desription of the Declared she was
Solamon’s daily food and its deeply impressed
wisdom preparation
Had her questions Saw beautiful Gave gifts of gold
aswered clothes of the and spices
servants
Daily given food Witnessed Acknowledged
and clothes Solomon’s benign influence of
administration Solomon’s God
Saw how table Witnessed daily Solomon
was prepared sacrifices reciprocated in
official and other
ways
Amazed at the Believed things
palace were better tham
expected
 256

Amazed at Believed that the

sumptuous Hebrew were a
apartments blessed people
Witnessed daily
burning of incense
Converted to
Solomon’s
religion
Tricked by
Solomon into
bearing his child
 257

APPENDIX B
The Ge’ez (Ethiopic) Alphabet
 258

APPENDIX C
The Ge’ez (Ethiopic) Numerals
 259

APPENDIX D

Ge’ez transcript of sections of

the Sheba-Menelik Cycle
of the Kebra Nagast

CHAPTER 53 260

CHAPTER 55 263

CHAPTER 58 266

CHAPTER 59 268
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL

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INDEX
Ahmad Gran, 151
‘Arb, 229
Ai (At Tall), 35, 36
‘Azd dialect, 188
Akhdam, 88
‘Umara, 89
Akhenaton, 8, 203
‘wnywt, 205
Akkadian, 8, 44
’Abesa, 123
Aksum, 14, 61, 75, 78, 79,
’Afir, 100
86-89, 96, 112, 114, 118,
’Arami, 229
131-137, 139, 141, 142-
Aaron, 7, 10, 149, 234, 237,
157, 173, 175, 217, 223,
238
233-235, 241, 244, 246-
Abha, 191, 204, 228
248, 264
Abraham, 2, 4, 5, 36, 44, 66,
Al Junaynah, 195, 207
69, 70, 80, 104, 106, 147,
Al Kisa’I, 99, 100
150, 181, 184, 186, 204,
Al Luhayyah, 217
206, 225, 226, 229, 231,
Al Muktar ibn Ubaid Allah,
232,
229
Abreha, 154
Albright Institute, 113
Abu Arish and nearby wadi,
Albright, William F., 32-35
193
Alexander III (the Great), 22
Abu Duhur, 229
Alexandria, 127, 135-138,
Abu Lahab, 179
157, 215, 216, 222, 223,
Abu Talib, 179
243
Abun/Abuna,
Algeria, 2
Abuna Garima
Al Hadhad ibn Sharah ibn
Acropolis (Athens), 43
Dhu Sahar, 90, 98
Acts of Solomon, Book of the,
Aliyeh (New Jerusalem), 21,
55, 92
57, 70, 71
Adam, 143, 147, 148, 150,
Alla Amidas, 152
221
Allah, 83
Adde Kawerh, 128, 130
Almaqah, 84
Addis Ababa, 249, 251
Alt, Albrecht, 32
Adigrat, 129
Al Tha’labi, 184
Adrami, 148, 149
Amalekites, 162, 188
Adulis, 129
Amarna letters, 44
Adwa, 129
Amda Seyon, 145, 157
Afghan women, 20
Amdaman Islands, 88
African Americans, 4
America, 8, 48, 64
Africans in Arabia, 176, 184,
American University of
185
Beirut, 193, 199
Afrikaans, 189
Amhara, 5, 128, 237, 240,
AfroAsiatic, 4
244
Agaw, 62, 128, 156, 159, 160,
Amharic, 62, 190, 236, 269
236, 244
Ammon. Temple of, 45, 170
Agriculture, 14, 56, 57, 79,
Ammonites, 10
91, 134, 135, 164, 193
Amnon, 107
Ahasuerus, 196
Amorites, 81
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL

An Nimas 195, 198, 208, 231 Aramaic, 8, 16, 22, 48, 56, 62,
Anastasius, 138 63, 65, 67, 68, 96, 107,
Anatolia, 139, 141 108, 185, 231-233, 238,
Ancient Egyptians and 247
language, 40, 74, 64, 88, Ararat, Mount, 70, 195
189 Archaeology/archaeologists
Anglo Saxons and language, and evidence, 18, 29-50,
22, 47, 64, 88, 189 69, 71, 75, 76, 78, 80, 82,
Anthony of Egypt, 150 85, 87, 108, 112, 113,
Antigonus, 24 117, 127-129, 132, 134,
Antipater, 24 158, 161, 165, 168, 171,
Antiquities of the Jews, 93 173, 185, 188, 192, 193,
Anti Semitism, 26, 28 195, 197-200, 203, 205,
Antseba, 250 206, 208, 222, 236, 241,
Aphek, 36 245, 246, 250, 252, 253
Apocalypse of Baruch, 140 Argentina, 27
Apocrypha, 55, 115 Arians, 137
Appleyard, David, 72, 159 Aristobulus II, 24
Aqaba and Gulf, 42 Arius, 137, 149
Arab traditions, 80, 81, 87, Ark of Noah, 69, 70, 147,
162, 185 149
Arabia, 1, 4-6, 10, 12, 14, 17, Ark of the Covenant, 7, 11,
25, 32, 44, 51, 61, 66, 69, 53, 70, 86, 105, 106, 110,
72, 74-76, 80-90, 111, 116, 117, 119, 121, 122-
112, 117-120, 125, 127, 125, 127, 130, 131, 142,
128, 132-135, 137, 139- 143, 147, 149, 151, 152,
141, 144, 151-156, 158, 158, 161, 209, 211, 218,
161, 162, 164-166, 169- 220, 222-224, 226, 235,
173, 175-178, 180, 181, 241, 243, 250, 253, 259
183-190, 192-194, 196- Ark of Zion, 122, 235
208, 216-221, 223, 224, Arks in Arabia, 228, 229
229, 231-233, 235-237, Armenia and Armenians, 25,
241, 243, 245, 246, 248, 50, 65, 137-141, 145, 148,
250-253 240
Arabian Gulf, 14 Armstrong, Karen, 174
Arabic, 4, 29, 63, 68, 70, 82, Arnaiz Villena, Antonio, 30,
93, 98, 108, 109, 112, 50
116, 118, 124, 126, 136, Arthur, King of Britons, 2
142, 157, 158, 161, 162, Artxerxes I, 19
175, 188-190, 200, 202, Arwe, 86, 101
208, 209, 220, 231, 232, Asa, 206
234, 238, 243, 248, 253 Asba (Asfa), 75
Arabic dialects, 4, 188, 189, Ashdod, 230
192 Asherah, 13
Arabs, 5, 28, 66, 75, 80, 98, Ashkenazi Jews, 50, 241
149, 153-155, 161,-163, Asia Minor, 108
180, 183-186, 188, 225, Asir, 82, 111, 173, 193, 195,
228, 229, 231 198, 201, 202, 205, 207,
Aramaeans, 13, 16, 30, 75 209, 217, 220, 226, 231
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL

Asmara, 77, 134, 235, 249- Bedouin, 81, 155, 162, 175-
251 178, 183, 229, 230
Assyria/Assyrians, 7, 13, 15, Beher (Ge’ez word), 216
16, 18, 25, 36, 38, 48, 53, Beher, 134
81, 111, 125, 129, 146, Beitin, 35
168-171, 173, 187, 243 Beja, 134, 135
Astar, 134 Belontos, 212, 215
Aswan, 134, 223 Belshazzar, 17
Atang, 233 Ben Asher, 68
Atbara, 216, 218 Ben Dor, Shoshana, 47
Atlas of Jewish History, 171 Ben Gurion, David, 33, 176,
Austro-Hungarian Empire, 26 224
Awash, 74 Ben Sira, 115
Awgi, 159 Ben Yehuda, 68
Azariah, 87, 121-124, 127, Benaiah, 102, 119, 122
131, 133, 222, 234, 241, Bene Israel, 133
243 Benin, 168
Azariah (Abednego), 104 Benjamin tribe, 10, 12, 164,
Azqir, 140 194
Azvar-nahara, 21 Beowulf, 22, 88
Berbers, 4, 153
Ba’al, 9, 225 Berenson, Bernhard, 61
Babylon/Babylonians/Babylo Bet Israel, 12
nian inscriptions, 6, 13, Beta Giyorgis, 75
16, 17, 19, 20, 25, 40, 45, Beta Israel, 8, 56, 62, 159,
48, 53, 57, 59, 61-63, 65, 224, 236-238, 240, 244-
66, 69, 71, 79, 96, 107, 250, 253
109, 125, 148, 164, 170- Beth Shan, 36
174, 176, 183-185, 187, Bethel, 13, 16
194, 208, 236, 242, 248 Beth-shemesh, 229
Badr, battle of, 180 Bezold, Carl, 116, 216, 217
Baghdad, 4, 156, Bible, 33, 35, 38, 39, 42, 47,
Bahn, Paul, 40 49, 55, 65, 76, 158, 194-
Bala Zadisareya, 118 198, 201, 204, 252
Balfour Declaration, 28 Biblical Hebrew, 8, 47, 67,
Bani al Hamwiyya, 156 68, 112, 189, 198
Bani Yusuf, 208 Bibliotheque Nationale Paris,
Banu Hillal, 81 251
Banu Salaim, 81 Bilen, 160
Baptisteries, 76, 239 Bilqis, 87-89
Baq’ah valley, 166 Black Jews, 12, 62, 236
Bar Kokhba, Simeon, 25, 31 Black Stone, 228
Barbaria, 134 Blacksmiths, 17, 130, 145,
Barre, Siad, 130 247
Baruch, 45, 140 Blessings of Jacob, 22, 48, 65
Bathsheba, 11, 148 Blessings of Moses, 22, 48,
Bayna Lekhem (Menelik), 78, 65
118 Blue Nile, 156, 190
Bede, 50 Bonobos, 74
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL

Book of the Himyarites, 132 Cedars of Lebanon, 207

Boswelli (plant), 85 Cerulli, Enrico, 116
Br, unvocalized Hebrew Chalcedonian definition, 137
word for Hebrew(s), 2, 44, Chaldeans, 30
45, 62, 128-131, 226, 245, Chapel of the Tablet, 234
250 Charcoal, 165
Britain/British/Britons, 2, 28, Charles I, King (Britain), 109
29, 31, 34, 47, 50, 52, 62, Chaucer, Geoffrey, 64
153, 167, 169, 189, 251 Chimpanzees, 74
British Airways, 50 China/Chinese, 90, 190
British Israel movement, 47 Chosen People, 8, 59, 68, 123
Bronze Age, 3, 8, 10, 15, 34, Christ, 1, 19, 59, 60, 79, 82,
36, 37, 46, 47, 80, 86, 101, 107, 132, 136, 137,
108, 135, 203, 204 142, 143, 147-152, 174,
Buba clan, 242 178, 181-183, 206, 240,
Buba, 242 247, 248, 250
Budge, E. A.Wallis, 32, 216, Christians/Christianity/
217 Christian sources and
Burning Bush, 42, 149 traditions, 1, 25, 26, 31,
Buzi, 17 32, 41, 45, 47, 52, 59, 60,
Byzantium/Byzantines, 135, 61, 65, 75-77, 81, 86, 90,
138-142, 144-146, 148, 109, 115, 120, 124, 132,
149, 155, 158, 175, 180 135-137, 140-144, 146,
148-152, 155-157, 175,
Cain, 225 177-183, 193, 199, 200,
Cairo, 127, 167, 215, 216, 205, 209, 224, 233-241,
222 243-250, 252
Caleb (Aksumite king), 86, Chromosomes, 74, 241, 242,
132, 137, 141-146, 151, 253
152, 154,, 155, 158, 233, Chronicles, Book of, 45, 55,
234, 243 56, 79, 188, 206, 231
Caleb (Hebrew leader), 10, Church of Mary of Zion
62 Aksum, 234
Caleb Cycle of the Kebra Circumcision, 25, 59, 105,
Nagast, 132, 139-150, 130, 225, 237, 239, 241
157, 181 City of David, 70, 195, 208,
Caligula, 25 230, 231
Camel and camel trains, 10, City of Zion, 195, 208
84, 85, 91, 117, 163-165, Climate/Climatic change, 5,
207, 209, 210, 230 36, 37, 73, 74, 128
Camelot, 2 Clube, Victor, 29
Canaan/Canaanite Cochin Jews, 133
language/Canaanites, 2, 5, Code of Hammurabi, 109
8-13, 15, 29, 34, 42-44, Cohaito, 78
46, 49, 53-56, 62, 63, 134, Coins/coinage, 31, 135, 136,
135, 147, 162, 169, 189, 166, 241
192, 220 Colchis, 145
Canada, 4, 29, 173
Caucasus, 190
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL

Colonialism/colonies, 2, 11, Daniel, Book of, 17, 56, 104,

27, 49, 50, 202, 203, 205, 196,
242 Darius III, 22
Comoros, 242 Darius, 196
Consonants, 64, 68, 76, 82, Daughter of Jerusalem, 18
Constantine, Emperor, 60, Daughter of Zion, 18
136, 137, 146, 240 David of Ethiopia, King, 239
Constantinople, 138, 153, David/Daud, King (Menelik),
157 118
Copper, 42, 135, 168 David, King of Judah and
Coptic Church/Coptic Israel, 8, 10, 11, 13, 26,
language/Copts, 40, 136, 31, 34, 36, 38, 40, 41, 48,
138, 235, 238 49, 54, 119, 123, 148,
Council of Chalcedon, 136- 165, 169, 188, 194, 230,
138, 145, 149, 181 247
Council of Nicaea, 60, 137, Davidic royal line, 16, 19, 45,
139, 144, 146, 149, 150, 54, 58, 59, 133, 136, 137,
181, 235 142, 148, 248
Cretans, 50 Day, John, 197
Culture, 23, 26, 33, 34, 36, Dead Sea, 41, 43, 58, 204
61, 75-77, 84, 112, 129, Dead Sea Scrolls, 55, 58, 65
131, 151, 154, 161, 165, Death of Moses, 253
167, 168, 175, 181, 185, Debra Bizen, 250
224, 232, 234, 236, 239, Debra Damo, 141
242 Delilah, 148
Cush/Kush (Africa), 134, 165, Demographic change, 3, 6,
217, 207 34, 37, 39, 80, 81, 88,
Cush/Kush (Arabia), 195, 130, 153, 169, 171, 176,
207, 217, 220 236
Cushite dynasty of Egypt, 15, Demon, Queen of Sheba as,
172 51, 150
Cushites, 15, 172, 206 Denmark, 205
Cushitic languages, 4, 62, 80, Der Judenstaat, 26
81, 128, 129, 156, 157, Deuteronomist (Old
159, 190, 236, 239, 244 Testament writers), 39,
Cyril of Alexandria, 157 54
Cyrus the Great, 17, 19 Deuteronomy, Book of, 2, 16,
48, 54-57, 65, 110, 115,
D’mt, 76, 128, 133, 156, 220, 142, 227, 235
239 Dhat Ba’adan, 134
Da Bassano, Francesco, 251 Dhat Himyam, 134
Dabra Makeda, 75 Dhofar, 85
Dahlak archipelago, 220 Dhu Nuwas (Yusuf As’ar
Dahlberg, Bruce, 198 Yuth’ar), 86, 139-141,
Dahomey, 168 145, 149, 152, 154, 155,
Damascus, 28, 156, 178, 248 175, 208, 233, 234, 243
Damot, 156, 190 Dhu Sharkh ibn Hudad, 89,
Dan, 13, 194, 205 98
Danakil, 135 Diaspora (Jews), 25, 174, 178
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL

Diaspora (Palestinians), 49 Elephantine (Aswan), 134,

Dibon, 43 223
Dietary laws, 8, 25, 56, 59, Elijah, 66, 98, 104
133, 237, 238, 241 Ella Amida, 135
Dillmann, August, 116 Ella Atsbeha (Caleb of
Djibouti, 73, 156 Aksum), 143
DNA, 12, 39, 88, 194, 241, Elmeyas, 123, 127
243 Elohist (Old Testament
Domitius, 157 writers), 54
Dozy, Reinhart, 184, 187, Emerton, John, 197
188 England, 109, 205
Dragon princess (So Chieluo), English, 4, 50, 64, 67, 127,
107 165, 188, 189, 198
Dreyfus case, 27 Enoch, Book of, 55, 115, 253
Dutch, 127, 189 Environment, 74, 165, 178
Dynastic marriages, 12, 180, Eritrea/Eritrean Orthodox
187 Church, 5, 55, 73, 77, 78,
82, 87,112,115, 117, 125,
Eagle, 213, 214 128, 131, 133-135, 159,
East Africa, 74, 85, 127, 163, 160, 192, 209, 212, 214,
189 215, 220, 221, 224, 235,
Eban, Abba, 29 236, 240, 244, 248-252
Eben, 230 Error analysis, 189
Ecclesiasticus, Book of, 56, Esau, 148, 177
110 Esperanto, 68
Edras, Book of, 19 Esther, Book of, 96, 97, 102,
Egypt/Egyptians/Ancient 105, 107,
Egyptian Esther, Queen, 65, 195
language/Egyptian Coptic Estifanos, 240
Church, 4-10, 12-15, 17, Ethiopia/Ethiopians, 5, 7, 8,
22, 25, 36-40, 42, 44-46, 12, 14, 42, 47, 55, 56, 61,
49, 53, 56, 62, 65, 70, 74, 62, 70, 72-78, 81, 82, 86,
81, 84, 86, 93, 108, 11, 87, 93. 96, 110-112, 114,
123, 125, 127, 132, 135- 115, 117-121, 123-125,
138, 141, 150, 153, 156, 127-134, 136, 144, 147,
162, 164, 165, 168-172, 152,153, 156-159, 172,
176, 185, 194, 195, 198, 178, 83, 190, 192, 195,
201-203, 206, 207, 210- 196, 200, 206, 207, 209-
212, 214-216, 218, 223, 213, 215-217, 220, 222-
226, 227, 235, 237, 238, 224, 226, 227, 231-141,
240, 243 243-247, 249, 251-254
Ekeye Azeb, 88 Judaic/Hebraic elements in
Ekron, 230 Ethiopia, 47, 62, 120, 133,
El Elyon, 208 136, 142, 178, 224, 226-
El Sabaoth, 208 253
El Shaddai, 208 Ethiopian Orthodox Church,
El Shalom, 208 55, 76, 129, 136, 226,
El, 9, 13 233-238, 246, 248, 249,
252
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL

Ethiopian Semitic speakers, 4, Flemish, 189

75 Forced labor, 11, 13, 14, 176
Ethiopian traditions, 87, 110, Fourth cataract, 207
227, 245 Frankincense, 74, 85, 91
Ethnic mysticism, 47 French, 2, 28, 127, 167
Ethnomusicology, 39, 245 Frumentius/Abba Salama,
Etruscans, 40 135, 136, 241, 246, 251
Euphrates, 21, 207 Fulani, 167
Europe/Europeans, 3, 26-28, Fundamentalism, 3, 50, 73
46, 47, 50, 63, 68, 129,
130, 165-167, 237, 239, Gadd, C.J., 172, 224
241, 245 Gafat, 190
Evagrius Scholasticus, 153 Galilee, 24, 63, 66, 69, 140,
Eve, tomb of, 205 141, 174, 247
Ewostatewos, 240, 249 Gamst, Frederick, 244, 254,
Exilarchs, 60 263
Exodus, Book of, 2, 48, 55, Garden of Eden, 195`
56, 65, 100, 204 Gash delta, 74-76
Exodus, The, 6, 7, 9, 15, 40- Gath, 230
42, 49, 56, 62, 81, 115, Gaul, 153
171, 194. 202-204,221, Gaza, 119, 125, 127, 210,
239 211, 213-216, 220
Ezana, 135, 136, 143 Gazette of Place Names, 193,
Ezekiel, 17, 18, 20 205, 207, 224
Ezekiel, Book of, 17, 55 Gdrt (Gadarat), 139
Ezra, 2, 10, 20-23, 48, 54-56, Ge’ez (Ethiopic) 32, 55, 65,
61, 65, 69-71, 109, 131- 75, 79, 93, 112, 114,116,
133, 136, 142, 143, 163, 124, 131, 136, 157, 189,
174, 177, 186, 187, 208, 190, 209, 210, 216, 217,
242, 245, 248, 251 220, 225, 231, 232, 236,
Fadak, 175 251,-253, Appendices
Faisal, Hashemite prince Gebes, 210-218
(later king), 28 Gender blurring, 107, 108,
Faisal, Saudi prince (later 224
king), 193 Genetic mutation, 74
Falasha (see Beta Israel), Genetics, 12, 30, 49, 50, 74,
Famine, 5, 6, 9, 38 186
Farasan, 220 Genfel river, 128
Fatimid Egypt, 156 Gentiles (Goyim/non-Jews),
Fattovich, Rodolfo, 112, 128, 20, 59, 148
159 German/Germanic
Fertile crescent, 177 tribes/Germans, 4, 28, 32,
Festivals, 112, 128, 159 50, 54, 61, 63, 198, 231,
Fetha Nagast, 238 244
Finkelstein, Israel, 49, 50 Gezer, 35-37
First temple, 3, 11, 40, 41, 43, Ghana, 230
57, 100, 176, 186, 230, Gibeah, 230
231, 243 Gibeon, 36
Flad, Martin, 244 Gilbert, Martin, 171, 176
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL

Glanzman, Bill, 87 Haile Selaisse, 76, 78, 115,

Glock, Al, 112, 113 151, 235, 249, 251, 252
Glory of the Kings (see Haiti, 109
Kebra Nagast), Hajar, 229
Gnostics/Gnostic Gospels, 62, Hamasien, 192, 248, 249
107 Hamdani, 88, 118
Gob (Somali caste), 130 Hammond, Philip, 197, 199-
Gobedra, 75, 76 201
God the Father, 60 Hancock, Graham 129, 222,
Gog Magog hills, 205 223
Gojjam, 135 Handmaiden of Queen of
Gold, 11, 37, 42, 65, 74, 85, Sheba, 110, 111, 244
86, 92, -95, 100, 111, 134, Hapiru, 44
135, 164, 166, 167, 179, Hasel, Michael, 44
222, 227, 234, 235, 250, Hashim (Meccan clan), 178
255 Hasmoneans, 24, 50, 72, 174,
Golden altar, 100 177
Golden Calf, 9, 104, 106, 227 Hassan (Tubba king), 140
Goliath, 40 Hassidic sect, 8
Gomorrah, 42, 195 Hayes, J., 46
Gondar, 244, 247 Hazega, 249
Goren, 230 Hazor, 35, 36
Gorillas, 74 Hebraic groups, 8, 45, 112,
Great Famine, 247 117, 131, 136, 221, 224,
Great Zimbabwe, 242 226-251
Greece, 5, 23 Hebrew Scholars (Masoretes),
Greek Orthodox Church, 136 53, 63, 66-70, 195
Greeks and Greek language, Hebrew people, 2-12, 14, 15,
4, 23, 39, 40, 59, 65, 74, 22, 44, 46, 53, 56, 62, 64,
87, 93, 135, 136, 174, 75, 81, 86, 95, 102, 117,
175, 217, 253 120, 129-131, 156, 176,
Greenfield, Jonas, 199 185-187, 189, 190, 194,
Gregory of Nyssa, 115 200-203, 206, 221, 225-
Gregory Thaumaturgus, 157 227, 229, 244, 256
Gregory the Illuminator, 144, Hebrew, Ancient/archaic, 22,
146 49, 200, 232
Grendel, 88 Hebrew, Biblical, 8, 47, 67,
Grierson, Roderick, 130, 233 68, 112, 189, 198
Guidi, I., 116 Hebrew, Modern, 62, 67, 68
Gulo Makeda, 79, 87 Hebron, 5, 36, 197
Gurage, 5, 128 Helena, Queen of Adiabene,
59
Habas, 134 Hellenism, 23-25
Hadiyya, 196 Hellenized Jews, 59
Hadramawt, 140, 242 Henotican doctrine, 138
Hadrian, 25 Herod the Great, 25, 69, 71,
Hagar (Ge’ez word), 216 177
Hagar, 5, 80, 226 Herod, House of, 24, 177
Herod, son of Antipater, 24
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL

Herodotus, 146, 174, 207 House of Zadok, 11, 16, 58,

Hertzog, Ze’ev, 49 242
Herzl, Theodore, 26, 27, 29, Hubbard, David, 159, 252
51 Hudhail dialect, 189, 192
Hezekiah, 15, 16, 42, 43 Hudhud, 98
High priesthood, Hungary, 109
disappearance of, 124, Hussein, 229
131 Hyksos, 203
Hijaz, 42, 81, 99, 141, 162, Hyrcanus II, 24
163, 172, 173, 175,-177, Hyrdn (The Jordan), 69, 70,
183, 186, 188, 189, 193, 195, 204
194, 196, 202, 203, 205,
247 Ibrit, 62
Hilkiah, 16, 54, 241, 243 Ibro (Yibir), 130
Himbirti, 249 Idumeans, 177
Himyar/Himyarites, 61, 71, Ilmuqah, 134
86, 87, 89, 132, 135, 139- Immunity to disease, 7
142, 144-146, 152, 154, Inadan, 8
175, 189, 233, 234, 270 Incense, 1
Hinzat, 79, 87 India/Indians, 8, 12, 85, 88,
Hiram, 207 100, 109, 113, 133, 135,
Historiography, Islamic, 182 147, 154, 155, 161, 178,
Hittites, 3, 6, 15 180, 193, 196
Holiness Code (Leviticus), Indian Ocean, 181
109 Indo-European, 4, 15, 68,
Holocaust, 28, 33 190
Holocausts (Solomon), 36 Instructions for Merikare,
Holy Land, 33, 61, 113, 177 202
Holy Spirit, 59, 137, 182 Internet, 201, 254
Holy Writ, 1, 21, 22, 31, 57, Inuit, 4
60, 184 Iranians, 50
Homelands (proposed Iraq, 13, 28, 146, 229
Jewish), 173 Iron/Iron Age/ Iron working,
Hominids, 73 2, 3, 8, 10, 13-15, 34, 37,
Homo sapiens, 73 46, 47, 51, 72, 74, 75, 80,
Homoousios, 137 86, 90, 105, 132, 135,
Hood, Robin, 2 150
Hoopoe, 96-100 Isa, son of Virgin Miriam of
Horn of Africa, 76, 249, 250, Najran, 182, 248
253 Isaac Isaac of Aksum and
Horns of the Altar, 149 redactors of the Kebra
House of David, 45, 54, 58, Nagast, 157, 158
59, 136, 142, 148, 247, Isaiah, 16, 43
248 Isaiah, Book of, 18, 55, 140,
House of God, 236 237
House of Levi, 248 Ishmael, 5, 80, 226
House of the Forest of Islam/Islamic traditions and
Lebanon, 43, 94, 255 writing, 5, 7, 8, 26, 29, 61,
79, 81, 82, 85, 90, 96-100,
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL

112, 115, 130, 139, 153, Jane Eyre, 22

155, 156, 159, 163, 167, Japan, 109
168, 175, 177, 178, 180- Jashar, Book of, 55
184, 187, 188, 199, 221, Jebel al Nabi Shu’ayb, 221,
224, 226, 228-231, 244, 222
245 Jebel Fayfa, 162
Ismenie, 87 Jebel Hadi, 209
Israel Jebusites, 11, 54
(concept)/Israelites/Israeli Jeddah, 165, 170, 194, 205
te states, 1, 5-13, 15, 19- Jedoiada, 102
21, 30, 35, 38, 39, 43-49, Jehoichin, 17
51-54, 57, 58, 62, 63, 71, Jehovah’s Witnesses, 60
78, 92, 93, 106, 108, 111, Jeremiah, 45, 236
113, 117, 119-121, 123, Jeremiah, Book of, 55
127, 130, 132, 133, 139, Jericho, 35, 36, 49, 227
142, 143, 147, 148, 150, Jeroboam, 13, 16
152, 157, 162, 163, 177, Jerusalem priesthood, 54, 70,
183, 184, 186-188, 194, 177, 248
198, 201, 204-206, 208, Jerusalem, 1, 2, 10, 12-15,
211, 212, 218, 222-224, 17-25, 30, 32, 36, 37, 39,
228-230, 235, 237, 241, 42, 53, 45, 46, 48, 49, 54,
243, 244, 246-248, 250, 55, 57, 58, 65, 68-71, 84,
254 92, 94, 99, 113, 116-119,
Israel, (northern kingdom), 121, 124, 125, 127, 131,
12-15, 41, 43, 44, 54, 61, 138, 147, 156, 170, 171,
63, 78, 125, 129, 133, 173, 174, 177, 183, 184,
163, 164, 169-173, 176, 195, 197, 198, 201, 208,
185, 196, 208, 224 210, 214, 218, 220, 224,
Israel, State of, 2, 8, 28, 29, 231, 232, 237, 245, 248
31, 33, 34, 41, 45, 47, 53, Jesus (see Christ),
69, 133, 168, 197, 227, Jethro/Shuyab, prophet, 8,
236, 221, 225
Israelis, 47, 49-51, 249, 253 Jewish sources/traditions, 1,
Israelite religion, 7, 10-12, 107, 115, 181
108, 117, 121, 123, 132, Jews, 12, 20, 22, 24-26, 28,
155, 176, 177, 184, 208 31, 33, 35, 39, 47, 48, 50,
Italian/Italians, 77, 128, 249- 51, 55, 59-63, 65, 68, 69,
251 71, 90, 93, 96, 114, 133,
Italy, 153 143, 147, 149, 150, 162,
Ithiopis, 75 163, 171-174, 17-178,
Ivory, 43, 74, 100, 135, 164 180, 182-188, 208, 226,
Ivrit (see also Ibrit), 62, 68 232, 236, 239-241, 246,
Iyo’as, 247 249, 250, 254
Jihad, 167, 180
Jacob Baradaeus, Bishop of Jinn, 88-90
Edessa, 138 Jizan, 82, 162, 192, 193, 195,
Jacob, 5, 147 201, 205, 220, 222
Jamaica, 109 John Hyrcanus (see Hyrcanus
James, brother of Christ, 240 II),
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL

John the Baptist, 59 237, 239-243, 245-247,

Joint rule (D’mt/Aksum), 89, 249, 251, 253
128 Judas Maccabeus, 23
Jordan (hyrdn = escarpment), JudeoArabic, 188
70, 204 Judeo-Christianity, 240
Jordan (river), 70, 166, 195 Judges, 10, 21
Jordan, Kingdom of, 32, 50, Judges, Book of, 48, 55, 65
199, 200 Judgment Day, 1, 147
Joseph /Yusuf, Ben Julian, 145
(Messiah), 140 Julius Caesar, 24
Joseph tribe, 17 Junipers, 165, 207
Joseph, father of Christ, 58, Jurhum, 228, 233, 241
248 Just Master, 150
Joseph, John, 200 Justin I, 138, 144, 145
Joseph, son of Jacob, 5, 6, 9, Justin II, 138, 145
40, 181, 205 Justinian, 138, 145, 153
Josephus, Flavius, 65, 70, 79,
87, 92, 93, 96, 100, 102, Ka’bah, 5, 228, 230, 233
108, 115, 116, 124, 144, Kansha, 249
207, 208, 217, 255 Kaplan, Steven, 245, 246
Joshua, 8, 10, 12, 35, 36, 38, Karaites, 62
40, 46-48, 53, 62, 69, 194, Karnak, 170
228 Kassala, 74, 75
Joshua, Book of, 55 Keall, Edward, 203, 204
Josiah, King, 16, 17, 54, 57, Kebra Nagast, 32, 79, 83, 91-
141, 142, 223 93, 96, 100, 102, 108,
Jubilees, Book of, 55, 253 109, 111, 112, 114-159,
Judaea/Judaeans, 17, 19, 39 161, 181, 209, 217, 218,
Judah tribe, 10, 164, 194, 225 220, 222, 235, 252, 258
Judah, House of, 19 Keller, Werner, 42
Judah, kingdom of, 1, 10-19, Kenites, 225
21, 22, 40, 41, 45, 52, 54, Kenya, 27, 163, 173, 242
60, 63, 78, 90, 120, 125, Kenyon, Kathleen, 35, 200,
141, 163, 164, 169-173, 227
181, 185-187, 194. 196, Keren, 160
206, 208, 218, 224, 232, Keturah, 225
242, 248 Khadijah, 178
Judah, Persian province of, Khamis Mushait, 81, 195,
19, 20 202, 207, 217, 226
Judaic/Hebraic elements in Khamtanga, 160
Ethiopia, 47, 62, 120, 133, Khartoum, 165
136, 142, 178, 224, 226- Khaybar, 81, 175, 176, 184,
253 185
Judaism, 10, 20, 21, 23, 24, Khoury, Chris, 201
26, 47, 49-51, 59-62, 80, Kings, Book of, 12, 18, 42, 45,
132, 133, 140, 142, 143, 55, 79, 92, 114, 255
155, 163, 168, 174-176, Kitab al Aghani, 162
181-183, 186, 224, 227, Kitor, 98
Knauf, Axel, 206, 224
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL

Knights Templar, 130 Linguistics/Linguistic

Kohenin, 241-243, evidence, 5, 32, 39, 48,
Korea, South, 91 76, 81, 117, 161, 162,
Korean, 190 188-190, 193, 197-200,
Krauthammer, Charles, 31 221, 253
Krbym/Cherubim, 195, 227, Linguists, 162
234, 235 Luke, Gospel of, 1, 79
Ksm, 134 Luxor, 6, 44, 170
Ku’bar, 156
Kubbe, 229 Maasai, 189
Kureishi, Hanif, 73 Madagascar, 74, 173, 242
Kush (person), 75 Mahmal, 230, 235
Kush/Cush (see Cush), Mahoza, 60, 61, 71, 145
Kushi (Samaritan/African), Mahrem, 134, 135, 137
12, 130, 176, 185 Mai Bela, 77-79
Kushm, 221 Maimonides, Moses, 8
Kuthah, 196 Makari, 123
Kws, 7, 70, 195, 196, 207, Makeda (see Queen of
217, 218, 231, 231, 237 Sheba), 75, 79, 86, 87,
116, 118
Lachish, 36 Makharam, 131
Ladino, 63 Malagasy, 242
Lake Hayq, 156 Malawi, 241
Lalibela (New Jerusalem in Malaysia, 88
Ethiopia), 156, 157, 216 Male dominated religions and
Lalibela, King (Gabra society, 90, 91, 106, 151
Maskal), 156, 157, 245 Mali, 166, 167
Land grants, 114 Manasseh, 16, 243
Latin, 65, 116, 136, 227 Mansa Musa, 167
Latos, 224, 248-250 Mapungubwe, 242
Law of Moses (Torah), 4, 53 Mar Zutra II, 60
Lbyn, 207 Marcian, 145
Lebanon, 28, 43, 50, 94, 194, Margoliouth, David S., 186
207 Marib/ Marib dam, 79-82, 84,
Lemba, 8, 133, 224, 241-243 85, 111, 154, 195
Lemche, N.P., 38, 51 Mark Antony, 24
Leslau, Wolf, 72, 190, 192 Markab, 230
Lesotho, 109 Marsden, Peter, 20, 30
Levant, 14, 37, 164, 168, 202 Marxist Ethiopia, 252
Levi (tribe), 7, 194, 222, 225, Mary, sister of Christ’s
248 mother, 183
Levites, 17, 94, 133, 222, 227, Mary, Virgin, 147, 163, 181,
229 182, 241, 154
Leviticus, Book of, 2, 55, 109 Mary/Miriam, Virgin
Liberals, 73 (Najran), 182, 222, 249
Libya/Libyans, 3, 138, 168, Masoretes/ Masoretic
170, 180 scholars, 53, 63, 66-70,
Lihyanic, 81 195
Liliths, 99 Masruq, 152, 233, 234
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL

Mattathias, 23 Metera, 79, 134

Matthew, Gospel of, 1, 79, Micah, Book of, 18, 55
115 Michael of Fuwa, 223
Maxentius, 60 Michael, Archangel, 125
May Qoho, 75 Midgan, 130, 159
Mazar, Benjamin, 30 Midianites, 225
Mazber, 75 Midrash ha Hefez, 102, 106
Mazrui, Ali, 246 Midrash Mishle, 102, 106
McGovern, Patrick, 47, 165, Midrashim, 115
166 Miller, J.M., 46, 52
Mdyam, 212, 215 Milvian Bridge, Battle of, 60
Mecca, 5, 99, 154, 155, 164, Minaen and inscriptions, 161,
167, 175, 178-180, 184, 186
185, 188, 192, 194, 218, Minerals, 111
228, 229, 231-233 Minor prophets, Books of, 55
Medina/Yathrib, 85, 162, 172, Miracles of the Virgin Mary,
175, 176, 179, 180, 185, 253
188, 202, 218, 231 Miriam, sister of Moses, 7
Mediterranean, 12, 15, 25, 30, Missionaries, 32, 137, 141,
49, 50, 59, 84, 134, 153, 142, 150, 233, 244, 247
169, 174, 178, 193, 205, Mizpah, 20
207 Mkrb/Mkrbm, 83, 84, 128,
Medyam, 148 134, 195
Megaliths, 203, 204, 222 Mlk, 83, 128, 134, 139
Megiddo, 35, 36, 45 Moab/Moabites, 38, 43, 63,
Mekele, 89, 112, 118, 128, 148, 196
189 Moabite stone, 44
Menelaus, 23 Modern Hebrew (Ivrit), 62,
Menelik II, 249 67, 68
Menelik, 78, 87, 118-123, Monarchy and kingship, 1,
125, 127, 137, 143, 148, 11, 19, 28, 43, 48, 51, 54,
209-211, 215-218, 220, 56, 57, 89, 108, 115, 132,
222, 223, 235-237, 241, 133, 136, 137, 140, 142,
142 145, 148, 157, 158, 187,
Merneptah stela, 44 202, 206-208, 223, 243,
Meroe, 40, 165, 172 244, 247
Meroitic, 40 Monasticism, 58, 138, 141,
Mesopotamia, 4, 5, 10, 17, 18, 150, 152-154, 246, 247,
23, 25, 37, 38, 59, 70, 81, 250, 251
85, 140, 141, 153, 164, Mondale, Walter, 31
171, 172, 205 Monophysites, 137-139, 141-
Mesr, 125, 214, 216-218 146, 150-152, 154, 155,
Mesrin, 125, 210, 211, 215, 157, 158, 175, 181, 199,
216, 218 223, 237
Messiah, 16, 19, 68, 104, 140, Monotheism, 7-9, 11, 166,
142, 237 168, 179, 208
Metal working, 7, 242 Mormah, 36
Metathesis, 67, 193 Mormons, 48
Meteorites, 5, 228 Morocco, 166
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL

Moses, 2, 4, 6-10, 21, 22, 29, Nehemiah, 19, 20

40, 45, 48, 53, 56, 57, 62, Nehemiah, Book of, 56
65, 69, 71, 110, 149, 155, Nestorius/ Nestorian heresy,
156, 162, 171, 181, 185, 149
186, 194, 203, 204, 207, New Jerusalem (Palestine),
208, 221, 225, 227, 238, 21, 22, 24, 57, 58, 69-71,
241, 244, 245, 253 173, 174, 184
Mot, 9 New Kingdom (Egypt), 9
Motu, 205 New technology, 203
Mount Gerezim, 24 New Testament, 31, 60, 79,
Mount Horab, 208 115, 136, 144, 150, 181,
Mount Nebo, 204 183, 238, 247, 248, 253
Mount Sinai and Sinai New York Times, 42
peninsular, 4, 7, 37, 38, Newby, Gordon D., 162
42, 71, 125, 212, 215, Nicaea, (see Council of
217, 220, 221, 227 Nicaea)
Mount Zion, 18 Nicaean Creed, 60, 115
Msrm, 7, 70, 195, 202, 207, Nigeria, 167
220, 226 Nikaule (see Queen of
Msrym, 202, 207 Sheba), 87
Muhammad, Prophet, 83, 99, Nile 4, 6, 14, 74, 125, 134,
152, 175, 178-184, 186, 153, 156, 168, 170, 172,
188, 221, 226, 228, 229 190, 192, 202, 207, 216-
Munro-Hay, Stuart, 233, 234 218, 222, 223
Mycenaean civilisation, 38 Nine Saints, 137, 141, 143,
Myrrh, 85 233, 243
Nisibis, 140, 149
Nabodinus, 17, 171, 172 Noah, 147
Nabopolassar, 16 Nöldeke, Theodore, 116, 231,
Nadab, 104 232
Nabad (place), 230 North Africa, 61, 153, 155,
Nadir, 176 173, 178, 180, 241
Najran, 85, 86, 140, 152, 182, North Yemen dialect, 189
207, 222, 233, 234, 248 Northern Arabia, 14, 81, 224
Napata, 172 Noth, Martin, 54, 194
Napoleon, 39 Noural Rouz, 87
Nashwan ibn Sa’id alHimyari, Nubia, 6, 192, 202, 203, 207
89
Nasrani, 248 Occupational castes, 130
Nazarenes, 56, 136 Octavian (Augustus), 24
Nazareth, 248 Ofer, Avi, 36
Nazarite, 56, 237 Ofte, 230
Nazis, 28 Old Testament, 1-30, 32, 34-
Nazret, 157 41, 43-46, 48-51, 53-56,
Neaderthals, 88 62-72, 79, 80, 82, 91, 96,
Nebuchadnezzar, 17, 40, 170 98, 100, 102, 106, 109-
Necho, 243 112, 115-117, 127, 128,
Negev, 37 131, 136, 142, 144, 147-
Negus (king) of Aksum, 37 150, 158, 159, 161-164,
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL

168, 170, 172, 174, 181, Peri, 90

185-190, 192-196, 200, Persia/Persians, 17-21, 25, 48,
202, 204-208, 217, 221, 57, 59-61, 74, 90, 133,
224-233, 236, 237, 242- 135, 138-141, 145, 146,
246, 250-253 148, 149, 153, 155, 156,
Oman, 85, 161 161, 171, 172, 174, 175,
Omri, 14, 37, 38, 41, 43, 44, 180, 195, 196, 231
163, 165, 171 Petra, 85, 149
One substance (humoousios), Pharaoh’s daughter
137 (Solomon’s wife), 43,
One True God, 66, 83, 97, 98, 127, 148
110, 221, 225, 229, Pharaohs, 5, 6, 9, 40, 41, 43,
Oniads, 23 44, 74, 127, 148, 170,
Oracles of Baarlam, 48, 65 215, 216, 243
Orangutans, 74 Pharisees, 24, 62, 174
Origen, 115 Philby, H. St John, 81
Oromo, 128 Philippines, 88
Oxford Bible Atlas, 197 Philistines, 7, 10, 104, 148,
Oxus river, 180 207, 228, 230,
Phoenicia/Phoenicians, 9, 11,
Pagans/Paganism, 9, 16, 59, 14, 36, 38, 169, 174
60, 76, 86, 127, 132, 135, Piracy, 69, 168
143, 154, 156, 166, 167, Pirenne, Jacqueline, 129
178, 179, 182, 186, 228, Plague of Justinian, 153-155
232, 236, 237, 240, 241, Plagues, 7, 15, 16, 171, 228,
243, 244, 254 244
Palestine/Palestinians, 5, 6 , Poem of Moses, 48, 65
17, 18, 23-30, 32-34, 36- Poles, 28
38, 41, 43-46, 48-51, 58, Polis, 22
59, 66, 69, 71, 72, 111, Pompey, 24
113, 129, 130, 132, 133, Portuguese, 163, 246
138, 141, 153, 158, 159, Praetorius, F., 116
161, 162, 164, 165, 168- Precious stones, 85, 92-95,
178, 181, 182, 15, 186, 100
189, 193, 199, 202-204, Prester John, 245
206, 208, 222, 224, 231- Priests/priesthood, 1, 3, 6, 7,
234, 250 10, 11, 15-17, 19-24, 48,
Palmyra’ 108, 149 53-54. 56-58, 61, 62, 64,
Papua New Guinea, 88, 153, 68, 70, 71, 76, 80, 83, 87,
205 91, 94, 107, 108, 110,
Parfitt, Tudor, 197, 254 120-124, 127, 128, 131,
Parthians, 23 133, 134, 141, 148, 152,
Paul/Saul of Tarsus, 25, 40, 158, 163, 169, 173, 174,
59, 60, 70, 144, 178, 240, 176, 177, 182, 187, 195,
248 206, 222, 223, 230, 231,
Pemba Island, 163 237-239, 241-244, 248,
People of the land 249
(Samaritans), 12 Pritchard, James, 35, 37, 38
Perez, 148 Procopius of Caesarea, 153
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL

Promised Land, 2, 5, 8, 9, 12, Racial superiority, 27, 129,

13, 16, 26, 29, 31, 36, 38, 249
40, 41, 46, 47, 53, 54, 56, Racism, 12, 129
62, 68, 69, 71, 72, 204- Radium, 74
208, 227, 228 Radon gas, 74
Psalm 68, 48, 65 Rahman, 83, 221, 222
Psamtik II, 172 Ramses I, 203
Ptolemy I Soter, 22 Ramses II, 6, 7, 9
Public works, 6, 7, 11, 34, 41, Ramses III, 14, 15
43, 171, 207, 247 Ravens, 66, 98
Punt, 74, 250 Raydan, 140
Pygmies, 74
Rechabites, 225
Qaba’il, 88 Red Sea, 4, 42, 74, 76, 78, 80,
Qades, 212, 215 85-87, 125, 134, 135, 139,
Qarmatians, 229 154, 156, 165, 175, 176,
Qebuta (ark), 233 181, 195, 202, 203, 206,
Qemant, 159, 224, 237, 244, 212, 216, 217, 20, 221,
249, 254 236, 243
Qemanteney, 159 Reds and Blacks, 128
Qes, 249 Rehoboam, 13, 111, 120, 143,
Qosh, 87 148, 170
Quaraiza, 176 Reuben, 194
Queen of Sheba, 1, 11, 14, 40, Revivalist Christianity, 205
51, 72-114, 116-121, 124, Riddles, 90, 92, 101-106
125, 127-130, 132, 133, Rift valley, 74
136, 139, 147, 149-151, Ring of fire, 201, 206, 220,
158, 181, 184, 196, 194, 227
206, 207, 218, 224, 226, River of Egypt, 127
241, 244, 250, 253, River of Ethiopia, 125, 210
Appendix Robinson, Edward, 29, 231
Queen of Sheba’s baths, 79, Rod of Aaron, 149
151 Rod of Moses, 149
Quiran, James, 245-247 Rodinson, Maxime, 233, 245,
Qumran, 58, 67 253
Qur’an, 97, 100, 107, 108, Roman Catholicism, 55, 249
115, 144, 165, 181, 183, Roman Empire, 25, 26, 60,
184, 188, 298, 209, 226, 125, 137, 139, 140, 141,
230, 248 143, 153, 178
Qwarenya, 62, 72, 159 Roman women, 62
Romans, 7, 23-26, 39, 55, 59,
Rabaul, Papua New Guinea, 60, 62, 69, 70, 72, 82,
153 108, 135-141, 143-145,
Rabbinical Judaism, 61, 62, 148, 149, 153, 174, 175,
115, 162 177, 178, 182, 186, 206,
Rabin, Chaim, 85, 112, 162, 233, 239, 250
189, 190, 192, 194, 199, Rome, 24, 108, 135-138, 147
200, 218, 224, 232, 233 Rosetta Stone, 39
Race purity, 20, 23, 25, 155 Ruah (Holy Spirit), 182
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL

Rub al Khali, 85 Sauer, James, 197

Russia/Russians, 27, 28 Saul (Benjamite king), 10, 48,
Ruth, 11, 40, 43, 55, 115 162, 194
Rwala, 162 Saul of Tarsus (see Paul),
Savannah belt, 167, 168
Saadiah Ben Joseph, 88 Sayhut, 242
Sab, 129,-131 Sb, 83, 84, 128-131
Saba (Sheba), 80, 84, 140 Schneider, Roger, 127-129,
Sabaea/Sabaeans 159
(Sheba/Shebans), 14, 75, Scribes, 1, 3, 20, 62, 63, 125,
76, 80-86, 89-91, 101, 209, 216
106, 108, 111, 112, 117, Sea of Eritrea, 125, 212, 214,
118, 120, 127-131, 134, 215, 220
139, 151, 161, 169, 172, Sea Peoples, 13, 15, 168
173, 175, 186, 189, 190, Second cataract, 202
193, 195, 206, 218, 220, Second temple, 19, 72, 177
223, 234 Seleucids, 23
Sabaean alphabet, 82 Semien Mountains, 246, 247
Sabaean inscriptions 89, 117, Semites, 5, 80
118, 120, 128, 131, 151, Semitic languages/speakers,
206 2, 4, 5, 9, 13, 27, 32, 45,
Sabbath, 34, 57, 214, 232, 53, 62, 67, 68, 75, 80-82,
240 89, 112, 128, 129, 148,
Sacred land, 99 155, 157, 159, 181, 183,
Sadducees, 24 189, 190, 192, 199, 202,
Saho, 129 224, 225, 231, 236, 239,
Salibi, Kamal, 47, 158, 193- 241, 242, 244, 253
209, 217, 218, 220-224, Senna, 242
231, 146 Sennacherib, 15, 18, 79, 170
Salome, 24 Sephardic Jews, 241
Samaria/Samaritans, 4, 12, Septuagint, 65, 217
14, 16, 19, 22 ,24, 41, 56, Sesostris I, 202
63, 130, 163, 176, 185, Sesostris III, 202
196, 243 Seti I, 6
Samson, 104, 106, 148, 237 Sexual temptress, Queen of
Samuel, 10, 55 Sheba as, 150
San (Bushmen), 77, 88 Shabako, 15, 79
Sana’a, 88 Shahid, Irfan, 199, 200
Sarah/Serai, wife of Abraham, Shams, 84
5 Shar Habil, 88, 89
Sarwat (Tehama), 165, 195, Sharahbil Yakkuf, 140
203, 204, 206, Sharakh ibn Sharahil, 89
Sasu, 134, 135 Sharia, 183
Satan, 150, 237 Sheba, City of, 195
Saudi Arabia, 32, 81, 82, 165, Sheba-Menelik Cycle of the
193, 194, 196-198, 202, Kebra Nagast, 92, 93,
205, 224 109-112, 115-118, 120,
Saudi Arabian government, 122, 24, 125, 18, 128,
198, 205 130-132, 137, 142, 144,
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL

147, 149, 150, 157-159, South Arabia/South Arabian,

161-224, 231-236, 239, 5, 83, 85, 128, 186
241, 243-245, 250, 251, South Korea, 91
253-255, Appendix Southern Africa, 8, 88, 133,
Sheban kings, 88, 89, 128, 224, 226, 241
152 Southern Arabia, 1, 5, 14, 25,
Shelemay, Kay, 245, 246, 61, 76, 80, 83, 85-87, 90,
250, 254, 276 111, 118, 120, 132, 133,
Sheshonk/Shishak, 13, 45, 135, 137, 139, 140, 151,
170, 208 154, 156, 171, 175, 190,
Shiloh, 218, 230, 231 205, 221, 232, 240, 244,
Ships, 122, 207, 220, 230 246, 247
Shurab el Gash, 75, 76 Spain, 61, 153-155
Sibley Towner, W., 198 Station of Abraham, 228
Silberman, Neil, 49-51 Stelae, 43, 44, 86, 96, 250
Siloam, 42 Suakin, 74
Simeon of Taima, 183 Sudan, 70, 74, 75, 165, 207,
Simeon tribe, 194, 206 216, 217, 236
Single divine nature, 137 Suicide (early Christians),
Slm, 42 182
Snake cult and snakes, 86, Sumerian, 8, 190
101 Sun worship, 8, 83, 84, 86,
Socotra, 96, 88, 161 91, 135
Sodom, 42, 195 Susa/Shusha, 196
Solomon, 1-3, 8, 10-14, 21, Swadesh, Morris, 190
34-38, 40-43, 45-46, 48, Swahili, 189, 205
49, 51, 53-55, 57, 63, 65, Syncreticism, 15, 57, 132,
69, 71, 78-81, 85, 92-102, 167, 244
105-111, 114-125, 127, Syria/Syrians, 4-6, 13, 14, 28,
131-133, 136, 139, 142, 37, 38, 50, 108, 120, 135,
143, 148, 150, 158, 163, 137, 138, 141, 142, 153,
165, 168-171, 181, 186, 164, 178, 180
187, 195, 196, 204, 207, Syriac, 137, 146, 231, 233,
209, 211-213, 215, 216, 238
218, 220, 222, 223, 226,
228, 230, 231, 234-237, T’wy, 202
241, 244, 250, 252, Tabot (ark), 131, 213, 231-
Appendix 235, 253
Solomonid dynasty Tabotat (arks), 235
(Ethiopia), 71, 156, 157, Tabuh (ark), 232
235, 244, 246, 252 Tabut (ark), 232, 251, 253,
Somalia/Somalis, 8, 45, 85, 274
112, 117, 128, 130, 131, Taif, 195, 203, 208
134, 159, 176, 239, 244 Taima, 14, 17, 81, 85, 169-
Song of Deborah, 22, 48, 65 172, 175, 176, 183, 196
Song of Moses, 22, 48, 65, Takezze, 125, 216-218
110 Taliban, 20, 30
Songhai, 166, 167 Talmud, 62, 115, 176
South Africa, 2, 241, 242 Tamar, 104,106, 107, 148
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL

Tamil, 85, 113 Towner, W. Sibley (see

Tamrin, 117, 119, 123 Sibley),
Tanis, 169 Trade/Trade routes, 1, 10,
Tanzania, 88, 163, 242 12 ,14, 27, 35, 37, 41, 42,
Targum, 96, 100 45, 74, 79, 81, 84, 85, 90,
Targum Sheni, 96-100, 102, 91, 100, 113, 117, 120,
105-108 134, 135, 139, 155, 161,
Tarim, 242 164-175, 178, 193-197,
Taxation, 11, 13, 14, 21, 61, 202, 251
110, 138, 164, 166, 187 Trans-Jordan, 28, 37, 44, 47
Tayyi’ dialect, 189, 192 Trimingham, J. Spencer, 185,
Teacher of Righteousness, 24 199
Tebhah (ark), 231, 232 Trinity, 137, 149
Tebhotha (arks), 232 Tsa’edakristyan, 77
Tehama/Sarwat (see Sarwat), Tse’azega, 249
Tel Aviv, 34, 36, 49, 224 Tubba, 140
Tell Abu Hawan, 36 Tuck, Friar, 2
Tell Dan, 45 Tumal, 130
Tell el Kheleifeh (Ezion- Tunisia, 166
geber), 42 Turkey, 5, 15, 27, 70, 140,
Tell Mor, 36 146
Temple of Ammon, 45, 170 Turkish Empire, 26, 28
Ten Commandments, 8, 53, Turks, 28, 31, 50
109, 123, 227 Tuscany, 15
Ten tribes, 10, 12, 13, 176, Tuwa valley, 209
194 Tw, 209
Tesfamariam, Tiberh, 250 Twelve tribes, 5, 9, 12, 17, 22,
The Bible came from Arabia, 187, 204
158, 194, 201, 204 Twenty first dynasty, 169
The Sign and the Seal, 222 Two natures, 137
Thebes, 44, 45, 169, 202 Tyre, 207
Theocracy, 10, 18, 19, 21, 48,
55, 58, 68, 69, 174 Ugaritic civilisation, 38
Theodora, Empress, 138 Ullendorf, Edward, 217, 244,
Thomas, Gospel of, 107 254, 278
Thompson, Thomas, 48, 49, United Israelite kingdoms, 1,
69, 199, 206, 246, 251 10, 12, 35, 48, 170, 187
Thutmose III, 6 United Nations, 29, 34
Tiban Asad Abu Karib, 140 United States of America, 8,
Tigre area of Ethiopia, 221, 48, 64, 51, 173, 254
240, 245, 249, University of Asmara, 77
Tigré language (Eritrea), 5 University of Pennsylvania,
Tigrinya, 5, 77, 128, 189, 236, 47, 254
237, 244, 247, 250 Unknown True God, 5, 11
Tizrah, 13 Upper Nile, 6, 172
Tobiah clan, 23 Ur, 4, 70, 231
Torah (see Law of Moses) Van der Graaf accelerator,
Torrey, Charles C., 83 228
Vietnam, 173
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL

Vietnamese, 190 Writing on the Wall, 17

Vocalization, 7, 42, 45, 64, Wuqro, 128
66, 68-70, 98, 134, 193-
195, 208 Xi Wang Mu, 90
Volcanoes/Volcanic activity,
6-8, 39, 41, 42, 153, 193- Y chromosome, 241, 254
195, 201, 204, 206, 209, Ya’fur, 99
220, 221, 227, 242 Yabika Egzi, 157
Vowels, 2, 22, 53, 64, 65, 67- Yadin, Yigael, 35
69, 75 Yadir, 175
Vulcan, 7 Yahweh, 208
Yahwist (Old Testament
Wadi Bishah, 194, 207, 217, writers), 54
220 Yanuf Dhu Shanatir, 139
Wahb ibn Munabbihi, 90 Yeha, 76, 78, 87, 129, 239
Wahhabis, 230, 231 Yehud, Persian province of,
Wales, 88 174
Waraqah ibn Nawfal, 178 Yekunno Amlak, 157, 235
Ward, Bill, 199 Yemen, 4, 7, 10, 79-82, 84-
Weizmann, Chaim, 28 85, 88-90, 96, 99-101,
Wellhausen, Julius, 54 111, 112, 118, 120, 139-
West Africa, 167, 169, 188, 141, 145, 155, 161, 162,
223 172, 175, 176, 178, 180,
West Arabian language, 189, 182, 186-189, 192-195,
192, 199, 224, 232, 251 201, 203, 206, 207, 217,
West Bank settlement, 51 220-222, 227, 233, 242,
Western Arabia, 4, 12, 51, 69, 248, 252
81, 132, 158, 161-226, Yersina pestis (plague
232, 233, 234, 242, 244, bacterium), 153
252, 254 Yeshu (Son of Joseph), 248
Western Arabian mountain Yhwh, 7, 9, 10, 13, 23, 92, 93
deities, 208 Yibir, 8, 45, 130, 131, 159,
Whitelam, Keith, 39, 51 176, 221, 239, 244, 151
Wild Jews, 176 Yiddish, 63
Wilkens, Iman J., 205 Yudit, Queen, 156, 190, 244
Winckler, Hugo, 188 Yurco, Frank, 44
Wisdom, 1, 12, 86, 91-95, 97,
100-102, 106, 110, 117, Za Besi Angabo, 86
151, 186, 214, 231, 255 Za Sebado, 87
Zadok, 3, 11, 53, 54, 121,
Women, 19-21, 51, 62, 80, 123, 124
87, 89, 90, 91, 93, 95, Zadok, House of (Priesthood),
106, 107, 108, 110, 117, 11, 16, 58, 141, 242,
130, 148, 150, 151, 158, Zadokites, 3, 4, 11, 17, 21, 24,
178, 183, 184, 229, 230, 54, 56-58, 62, 107, 141,
238 247 142, 173, 243
World War, First, 28 Zafar, 140, 152
World War, Second, 33, 77, Zagwe, 156-158, 223, 244,
251 245
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL

Zar’a Ya’eqob, 240

Zechariah, Book of, 18, 55
Zedekiah, 17
Zen Buddhism, 107
Zeno, 138
Zenobia, 108
Zephaniah, Book of, 55, 237
Zerah, 207
Zerubbabel, 19, 57, 58, 71
Zimbabwe, 241, 242
Zion (Ark and concept), 18,
27, 80, 121, 122, 143,
147, 212-214, 236, 242
Zionism/Zionist movement/
Zionists, 2, 26-28, 31, 34,
49-51,
Zipporah, 221
Zohar, 115
Zoltenberg, H., 116
Zoroastrianism, 90, 139, 140,
175