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Power Electronics - E4U

Electronics for you

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Alex Perez
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149 views85 pages

Power Electronics - E4U

Electronics for you

Uploaded by

Alex Perez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Electricals For You HU- aulj9SUl dwaigi! oméd drojo15i dial! Fb.com/groups/Electricals4You Power Electronics 19/5 / 204 Converterss- le ae a IC shac ay ReCheAe lelS Gall nat hdc sade uae ye Ac s+ dic Mat va * es Nary eit Constant time with Hime, dc Ersnasineec il ntact yen ere) os, Nowy sith thane 2 Filter yates Wwe need: filter to obtain . pute! de Pode Gtuedis Chapten 1 2 power electron: Shas system and Semitonductor clevices :- Power electro sis Ne stinky. thshe JaineSt. [Rha yiBtonctimassenitshercl Convent eneny Coutrol , 4 Me pee | Ss a : motor Coslont 1 io genrater TransPaimer desires outpur Clase (‘an @ @ "4 The task of powen electronics is to process _an|control Ine How of the ! electric. energy by, Suppling Voltages and Curent in a form Hat one Bivtable fon a load. é 3 ~The Figuee below shows a power electronic System in a block diagtam Foom. cheng qain of ; Converter — ; up f et procession ont Me ly ae P Conventen Stage A Save drewugaries! measited 2 Nak Gaverten power Hor one Loom Power au yas ie Jowiethen. a ve tchencontalaat Contfal_ unit mo kot.25 change: speed chee loop 6ystem RV, T > ContftoL. be depending on the applicrtion the power processer ia tothe load) moy have any the Lllowing forms. disined Value Ode cutput with Jessa magritude [Zine diele | . @ de output of magnitude, @ Ac “ie oP ca frequancy adjustable ra gni tude. 2 2 magnitude 2 ‘Prequanc peal Lo pluse. Auidtn enodclabian o | | © Ac output of mated adjustable Prequancy and adjustable magnitude a - 20 / § /20l4 Switch =f beising Vettage ond ipat vsttage | 4 ba ext teal | ~ the Converter ubilites or uses the: power _Semia.. Condcler devices Conrilled toy) Tntgnated circuit possibly enetyy Storage elements - + Pouler Converter classifiations. ect Five. Teste tow) there & & oF converts [thot convert the enengy trom one farm 40 atte her] Convent powen from one type to othan- OD Diede- rectiPien (Uncaeolied Rech Bier) > guage Gs north eae) 52 hs Aca > Be conventer satin Lone direction outpinte) 24n kample Bo a Sull wave diode recti®ien is Shown beloco. Bo > Ractifire Oh Volhage me Ned = Vin Sin wt Vi pees BwoWeayr note ‘ ss dede NAIC oP s “Hens ge er @ contiolled rectitier + , yk ee wo « digdes Tn this. circuit are replaced by Controlled Semiconductor devices | Such-ais transistor) on Thy. to Gntroll the avange.Output Voltage - “This Gan be implemented By @nitrlling Mhe_conduction angle oR The switche ne ee C Figgetng 5) ’ 4 = = “The Figure below Show the ful wave. Conta using (BER CThyrithtcs) a ate (lect Fire) Semi coubaiCointtallel “PectiPier oe) ; Rete. Yn Junin. Y GSE (Sek) ME Aioke Werrsosr 2 Functionn2 MN ener 7S «We, 0 Xm €l80 _ ON & SR gepclhe Mi) © Forward + ! (pte pulse @ The inverter de-ac converter’ [input it yoko Yokon batiars) The invether cet cnverte the desac output voltaye The cic put Vite cam be Contllal by Ueeryinsy , Ree : 0 a jist conduction angle. [Conduction time |o® the tainsistor om Se. TES output coud be single phase. on 3 nansstor. pon > <@ go 0 / ; He Ac Neltage cmboler 2: Cac acc Convector) fiealtaiea) in this type Variable O/p Voltage an be. obtainteel trom the_fixeel_inpat | Vollage:» for example we an use the dens former ‘ton Hnis purpose - Gaulel be (atep up or Steg chon tens Farmer alependiva wy tne terms _vatio Ncand Nz) + There is another Example bby sing TTRIAC [Traiode ac |] (Gate) apne Gate si nko Seis Hep atte wits URS STE Zier TRIAS. phn tact bie BER in Patllel, t Aa es, or , a j 7 . , x . 5. De choppers [desde Convent) av dc Nolkage.. Combolters ss . We Can use oA Semi. Gonducton Bwtich to ebtaim a Varied outpul de, ) Voltage Frome. Fixed input Voltage , the exampk. below shows transistor Useal aS. a Switch to controll the output a Votroaye.. f P p P ; ) ; (hae. ht ee == ge Biaaa on dliede) TR 2 Bene O/p average: Ve NGE Orne Gomieeker (switches ) he We aan Use the Semi Gnductor swtiching Such as R, fer differnt Apphaation ® - Power.diodes. 2- Camper cn Kilo Amper on Kile Volta) — ott ye < , 2 . ey we y-rfon example general. purpose cliode Céky » 4-5IcA) Le = High oad chine CékWis121/KA) 18% foster Compared be get y Purpose diode pedtuaul ‘ p> Schottky inde [iz pacbign] 3 UB faster toetauee ib-has Very Small ; Saas e. a Reteiny Hine [majoras amen Juea’ , px user ALU Ty fois TStemajathy 98 ON kG , pans ye powen. hrensistons + Lio sitiia) y ee | oo. y-below lo KH? ByToice i . oe | y= MosFeTC - Wusenanfeabiss) sib” opreats cit losoy Slo. ak Presjuaney | » p HokKH2 and Cres of! le We) Frequany | , IG BT Cinscated gate bipolar brawsistor) : it opreats at. [too 5 9v00A y amd Frequenas te Up to 20k He y = DIT s- Letatic induction Tawsstor): ib oPreats at 1200V.5- 300A fe Sy > BIT Coipslac Gunckion bensil}: optents at 1200 S4o0A at Pequancss » and Bre quancy at loth ethiaher. | Sriimarsisaeccted) | “Sql Sek i L is | ef eee | y application 150 kN Yes.or Wo ** aero GS Pi i eed ee antennal S32 io be Frets el Ua ) ees | : ‘ ; , : —_= Le —» Thy ristor : has 3 terminal. (anod, cathe, gate) « even Heme on aa Thyriston is forwarel baised ain't be oN Guth ee on the gate therminal cp oid aay Barge PY Gapielo tate paises Biase ches the. SCR > conducting the! qate sulee ven cet b has o_Conttal on the thyristor Saez N. Cine eet ~o [| op oreligns ep drasde Nap cS as a-ha Were. is many, type of SR cet Such as forced_Commur or ae) Line Commuted... SER» oft .cAGraseigar he Sinisa _ Glo (apte Turn of PR ) basrfine ee wht gate MSA Padigg 9 ETO Cemmter Tin off sR) Ne Cpe Brample:- Tn the power procesolfgure 1|+he 11 is (energy @Pbiceney ) IS. the output 1s BF load of Vi=200N (ins) Pz 52.2, Th2t0A — PP = o.B leq) p> induclite Ahe ‘impute to Processor -Sivale 230n Lims), 60. Wt, 'P- Bid determine the “input Gucent eommgiwede shire ac Notage Conbfoll. ee: Acitobe a + Gla Freguang to 1) = pss RL ste 8g 13 oo BGe! 13) yoatuae_ R- BV, 1 cose = 2-tH kw Ti: I; = 12.64A Rg = Detah kw = 2.416 kw as Pin= BVT 50 Pine TL om Fk Example +. A power Converter of input and oes Volkages as Shown Jn the Figure below 3 No=\5V a Nomax= 30V i bor. Ne wane 20V. Fora. constant in the aphu and autpur determine the ePiciency Neer *h Neage Valuein Se42s = Ses es Diaper -< Toutput Pig = Tin put Las) Po = Tenrput Ws) By Daggett QO). oie NS loan v Tinga Las Se 5 > Power. Semi concctor Switches r= “Thyristor (5¢R) > 3 Junction jHawsihee Aisle in Seties a 2- transistor af has 4 layers of p_n_p-n ond Syuactions (5, , J, J;) oS Shown tn the Fique bebo = 4h Poop S He Este Prasicler or Que SA Unode) Ltrontstor Sin Ath yristor (scr) \ seties(taward) 4 ox > <——. t Des TE we applied neagative Vattaye to. A fespect bok ipa Vvathage @ | the finct layer (reversed); ana Ja ( Forward) ama Fal reveal) nal Heed : SON Ploduce or Sima Catert euledl, [Seeoage oattent S 4 @ areO > high aartent Oe. oy Iferkdoun JA iss ¢ 4 ( , 4 . @ ox ® > (Jy and Je) Porwoved Paes if wWe applied positive to A cud meqatve to be he" Fiandyz Forward | cud Tew Fevereefprmile ot Babs .uucwe bond ee) epee Lives < actistion fon camer MN Yet aatap ante MW oper Sorwerrd q— Cetlelse. > noe 20> Ged latching cutent mon dite q+ eWredet eemd OOS SONA pe esp ay SoTL we Ft. pla) ons (ie SIL Gh ot tet) ais Gsbul bod epeot, OS. 2h sholaling: negpl O\er9 Aroleigy” Gat allen carlent ms SF 2GS Soi aShaguseionldh S11 BS toa) ert palo’ 5 > oh Sok Foi ai Vale / f Fovumidiselitecion - bigtst oon feo 5 Forwiard’ of P state (Pater. bol ocleivg sShate) blocky? 4 ACEO anf ox IS aa sf Pe iri a a Shake DHewsisten aes ON ASE SR CHES (statiouatpu. |) Ghatioualy ets age tls SR Fm 4 ‘ 7 ieas i Teverse. GSirie— 0 FE is t weg ~ \w the: Nevetse icabiod Ane. SR. Simniler 1 Radkee lonisel. diode . Dod Te i ate: Yevetied barred one Tr Fooword Tar Porwesrd, REQ MSE ond very litle Cuffent is passed *Yeversed leakage: Gulf iat Galvent . the will ber Govtions Mout ablaXimumrfoling eit ‘eaggliolVpwm tn Maxim Feetoe \uetictg, Voitnge.. wy. the sakt. elas id Sot Aes J + in the facward diedion when the anede Voltage: is: Positive! with, Yespact tothe GAved father Bowel Taare formal od Tz. fevered Cooma ton and Whefe is alittle Gulent( Forward (erkeaye, UI 2 etl Went) saps? tn ; j : —— I6-0 4his Stele wil Continetdvatit Unctit URL Break Over Vs thage) or{ Breakclaon Voltage) « ak this Pow moment) Nhe mmovment.oP Gitters becems More Pree “adios the Function amd Gusivg Tr to be Forum bais « Shete is cr Hemskion Brom offétete fo forward an State. With Very large anode Curent. = . bo increase -the free movment of the. Grier Less than Ve Fermin and thee Satanstion is Catved Nothage (Vale) peste putes tothe Qste atcuted at aGrraller) tran use of anede Valhege. Continous dc lps owes! Puke Udpsazls gate hb Spr de si pals »Sulost Soe SQeGaet pals. Gast 9 ale 4 Continuous, winsteadéd of applying a Constant de current on tne ate becenivl ewe cn apply apuke of curfent with: Small duration ~ + _ one Ye (SCR) is Into on Stale the gate Gulfent at be bec! forturn off the clevide 2? IF ofh ato sm SCR E gfeaitlasie Jade Sab! gelatching Curent s- CL) , ib the wins omods _castent Yequited fo Waimtain the (eR) inte ON Bkte ImmideHy after the &cR. 9 SS eed a haf — Munn on and the gate igh Romie. es tls the min onede, Catena can Flow tno Scand GHil_ Mdinan the dete ebisece’ info of) Shake toon Shake, © COM) GSR. dato zis 27s heldingGntt It eos ~ the SER “ck ‘Gn be Goncider oS be bul Komapiladey transistor —panp Land iepn-@ =P np) Gr Aube ainda Jains We Gon Writhe the @r oncde Curtent equ. Tae OTE + Te Boy 4 [cBoo © . vidian 2~SeooR- TA is’ the anode. Ouent oN A Ay aud de>. Gwrtent gain of Qy and CD, 00 Te: gate: Gutent cag) and TeBay Sythe len bene cuvlent ef callecter baie Seti of Housstor 1 ond 2. Se co oh Lc oe 2 Te As pt tee ‘ @ 2/5/20! e The Male Tepi+ Teen 12 (ey +e) oe sfox-Na ing 25? oe MiROIE SE Cle se ! ene -Breatle < \ 2 seg VEN ee Fasdelir Be! byt 1 Ae yor Thy Friston burmeon: = ae cs “Tre “Thyvister is urnon~ bg Increasing the anode current this) Can be acomplished »Clsing: on of the=-tollowing meshed: 2 4) Thermal s~ SP caigser yi seckran= Wisie. P .. Ci Ke), slat domage 2 lalate dipae sodapli sex TR theca cbemip ovis high: theres an inCrease_ihn the @riers ( electron -holePaidfwhich Increase the: |eakenge! Gurent fesull in increas ing ly and le 49 be near one, Gusing this) method May Guyse herrea Cun overs : CPi Nighting ‘5 atic, Tinchind | | IP-atight ts striked _ the Junctions ‘o P.sthe device the @rriers will be Increased Gassing alage anode Gitent and the Thyristor pres be turn on 3) High ~ Voltage oF Vales 12 the anod — Gcthed Ve lhaefe inCrea Seal and becomes larger tan Ges No break own is occurs | Us the fevetsed Tiunction) Vrery Large. ameed_Gatvent is a passed bute on «clas dei, = _@ this me thod may be destroyed the device. 2 | —— 4) Gate Pulsei- iP a positive gabe Current of enough magintuel applied to Thyristor co Sign tient amount of Cotfigs are Injected Gusing. the 3. jimction ta Eaesliaisalt™ aindl. Thyristor become th on Stute this Colled Be Genate “Pees atdinQapbaiolls, potmumendD..-sai tc | instead of -a-Gntinous de -curtent applied We Gm apply aPulse for athent: Himes thes pluce Gmobe Combined i multi pluses (place rain): dict celeste ea Pi SR Ugob yeas g>powen ....) oagch| HS Ude Plas: Ih adis\ eho - Lo Je ol snes Gls Cantier O\ gate | Eoati pulse Jitu lay _ : Foratel 58 t CD pulse \apSIGe NBS Wes SiGE ghd Yds ot do plus dr - Choppe fier a 151") are When the “Thyistor is latched .... (on State) the gate bermina/ has bo longer hat ariy costrol ower the Strte. bh the device i once the scRis Tn qenerah the 2-2 thed 43,460 fb te see, in.ang of phe Amethod enwagh Stored charge ha, to femrve Wo turn oBh dhedewree = Fa once the thyristor is latched in the oN State the gate has on the operation of the thyriston device. that means — a2 sR ine- Comnutrted thyristor Birailks in. this Gse/ the input Voltage Is al Volkage - Pigure below shows the Tine» Com puted Thysitor 9 eck used ac Controlled: half. Wave Yelctities , © Meo: Licjes Phe peak Veverse Te Cote Cantfent Avicte: R): Yhe Yeverte leakage Cuivent = Nevetse Yetoun, time = BS st ~ is the period ofthe Hime for the reverse leakage Curtent Eq)= stern Aime Corerte) it’s the amm of time interval Between the Instant when the anode Curent eames Zero and the instant then the clevice facing prcitive “the formost aggtied Volk coye) - xpi a \ ae Bonced < \Q gate 9), psuls FiGng.@t i) sey! pe od x 4 2? | high voctlage, Puke. might Be Son 4 bolt and. Quien in milompere clamage Riring cot. 7 ans Potmer p> Fiiving ech aid jue) boot : ‘ ‘ ‘ eines ow’ He thyristor power cet is objected to high Voltage and the gate ect & bail) at low level_of lea therefor nessetyy to We {selation cet between them vice andfiring at) Such oS the. joCoupler of apals ae the Figure zs Show s ao tps a Sample. [elation = Piaget Using pulew— Pvese Soi)? \9 brans Formex S558 pulse Nowtkamer? Pe wipeeSo0 4 Glo JIE ADH Ne ert “ MM i - avers ) negetive N. < ake 2 oe aly Booe é a estieeie iit se oe sy sty es \ “Potlals, y ‘ sn oa nig poxait we ele ies " r ; ve ope ick g@ Pulse Trial iiaas belation oF 7 in 2 . &. ee er ats | £ ate For triggering vou a de aasbLo oo oe ge ) 9 —— Leone former are oyace Oo) Chopping yas @ as \ oy pas Flux alate Source oe DA «CRT taf 2 when apuk of i@ enough Voltage fs. Applited. in the base of D the. Hansistor Satutate” and the De Volbege(ues) appears aCioss the rons Former priinaty inducing aPulse-Volrage: iwt\ne. Setendary, Which applied between the gate and the Gthod terminals a | Sp tecitine Call When the puls ‘ls Removed: from the base: the trancistoris bummed of and avbltage of oppisite polaritys thduced: tn the Setondany. apuls train Gn be apptteo) instead of gotting pulée bo Reduce, to paver losses “ Example:- “The cot below Shows the trigger Pulse -Genesaden cok the. ficing angle & is Gon trolled by using the Uni~Junction._Eransistor UTT. andthe. drpaciton C ais halt wave gaint 53> 2 Oy Recte tite goed gc Rioad cy hal? po tine haf ware... Sypplg ie Canbrotide ty bode Id) yK ck ee aw j Hs § Ce <—+ Cero & Aorespect 293 Meet Se x, coef “nisoda) tC. \) ised. “i Peni rn >Re DP Sune SKroAl esl we, Spee) Sel eS. Bet Sissy OP (ASHE ps2 Gntoy A all Dv — >) suse (as halP wave rectbire. “Fon the firing ect ot Ziner diode Dc)» modifies the veckiPited: positive hal Fcycle ine to Squire. [uax. voltage = 45) ‘ ‘ee Whe. Cmca ili Gmghorik Bene = (ry Ra) C Stanting Brom: the: Gere. cofssing the Gpicton c stant Chanin g Until. Peak Voltage Nequite to swith oN (ett) ond then a gate pulse is applied ScR ts be Switched oW We ime of trigger Hime (%): is determine depending on t with Yespeck to ere Oop Crossing of the inpub SinSairda] Volhage ners Pore tet ‘petween Firing pulte of ScR and Inpakvelhage anda Coutill action is obtained x Yt example: drag the Curent G Son the cct shown below @ssuing Hat r= %2-40 Seb Nochher de aah Gy up, and ole why 22 sain. Positive ov negative Ve =m in Wut Practial Comrmler Lexample ue!) mics cnroller [code] draw the wave form of tL. fn fhe oct given below assuming. that v= 6d Example: in the cot Showin below the latching ScR Qurent SomAa the fring pulse ls applied on ScR gate at SaSo sec. a) Pind din degree soso te b) detertrine. 18 the SR. tam Goill Susikch on akanede. sams, oS i Tepet v R Gal NB > Ay, ack L : ayer 2 P i be mam % ood Os Van bimsot se site 4) > Beboxie', 260 = 90.9° oa What ‘range ot a Jai. doy bag en a volt we x= Gs LN JS. <—1o' 5 wae TH Aad ds} fing angle b) at this instant S050/s the anode Gurent(2omA) bese than latching Gitrent the €cR_ Uoil_not_sustich oN. Example. a SR IS Connected in Series with aloacl fesistonRL and GOHE Sunisodal \oltoga gaitte oF rms Velhage V. a face Gnbrol oct Is Used to Set the trigger Angle. the on state Voltage of SRS given by Non = + dg. Ro when Ro:.iS the oN State He ScR pesighance . Ee EE — elpfie an experssion of the auange: power clicppateel in Ror fh Se ages sh fle i c)adon Ga TS 7 CF sep aat 2 Vsinwt 4 av Ro sntwt] dwt aie ‘ STRLEA oa pT. Dice t+ Cosa) 4 V2Ro (T4+ sind) ind ae eae ) aR z Er el w$6Ra “O28, EXomple. tn the Arample. above! V = 290 / and Rwatun mor dhe. ANaraqe power deliverd In the load at K=Bero Von (neqlicted) * Lt aeJGF neqtettg the SR oN Voltage. fs +. wcll 2 - f aah Podatied LF (vs Ges 20). ! : a atl the abatt). bit - | EN? sitio tut mr) RL at / + 1 vie NB ( we — sndwt\ =_Ve (rae sinaw) 27RL a. 277RL Ea \ ES = 2 24. 2 le da) Jey Sy fav = TR Nem RL ; 3 2 EYP ewes ool Ga hsb half Ue diguadt asd? . wi od e Galte- turn off thyristor » GTe \ WW Like the thyriston the GTo Gn be bara on by ashont cluration sikive. lus however Gnhike the BR, the Gio Gn be burqa ° anegative Gate - Cathod Vo tage. The GTe Similan to SR instructure. ( 3-terminal. with Wlagen).. but the there is Some Sircifant — diflaences between them : @:+ the Structufe of GTo mel made in theuay Minmite the . distone. from the gate Gthode »! Ea ® the GTo has an_anode shont_ tru tule to Speed -up the tum off of Glo z = i ites on _adihon a_leysr) an_addavall 1 leyer | ean to the anode that forms a tum off Cit between the gate S ~ ais ee Vaikage aon Gurenh 1299 ing Ff 72@o- 180.) % GS mote ne Give Gnpate to Uathod (tun off ch) a Le Gt. turn. off Cirauit t- ‘irmic a 4 ‘ero re HE ints pO Gt Caner *g ve) Sw Ss o" ; Ver aS ae. Morals ‘e Dagtive ; ete oS ORS TEST The turn off process includs’ the amigiage Pulling out the gate. Charge and decreasing the anod current to Zoro in the ect Shown above the Gpicitue € is ‘intmally charegesl Megtive With respect to athod , We Can. turn oPP Gio by coking the switch ~~ Fhe inclicton Li asec! fo limit (Cutten Gate. Ganent basing. of tivo Sunctions es Pivloolar Junction Freb| eAlct Tach fin a> Mos? }. a chancal. GFP Ninewr_ 2... ae ( \ Vés>Viq Vis < Ve, - UTH_| ee. ’ ene The MosFéT; ane avaioble fon power electronic application 1 foclen Compared 4s bipolar Junction TWansiston inateteeai-hypes n_ ChanatlMostets = aleplation | Power MosFETs ~ p- channel _mosfets [\ « 7 deplation’} pee nermaily off E_ Mos FET; 15 normally. o Pan example oct is given’ below | SoM” Cy %, (gate) [O DI Drai | © ate) poe in) | Induced Channel Function 4 baising \ \ $ | as \aidigpl E- MosFEt i BOP Z 3 £- MoFeT. { — Woe p-ch n_ Channel | nant oe | are ei ( ‘ ( f ‘ { f ( { { ( Jigs BIT Gu | ( , i ( ( ( ( ( , ' , s = 3 D_ms eT D_ osFeT n_-ch p-ch - = i“ Snubber Sangit S ate.) ge Sutich on > sau _pspe@ael estradiol : Vex Satich of > BEN AB al “The Function of the Snubben cct is to reduce_¢lectriaal “shress ON adevice i swhich ae toithe wai eked Jove: ei é l tn in gener the Saubber eclitiead ee pioteet- Ihe bec 4— by Jimiting the applied Voltage turning fuming -o FP transit. Hwougln ay 2_ limiting, the device Guttent durning turning-0W.traneit 4hroug h a the figure. below Show polarized Rc Snubbers=s. ‘Snubber StR> Polariteel lsone ditection app velkage devite. = R re loco! & = Saget Polanited. . etubbor i @ qyde s~diede -oPF all the current followin the $c cil 2 large Cufent L—> Used to limit the Current [reactive power] 2 as cy aC Gadd SR off | due > Capacitor. . | Rid discharge the charging Vollage peel Res Charging _ The cot below shows an example Pon the un. pebeiee | Re Synbers Snubber- Un.PolariZed Snu bber - a Gircuit. Gapictor going fs charge. Full h >on e +s) Capictor going to chisiy exe illla etbaa buticphe \Copicto Charger -ollrecel 4 Sar mille ae \efesw. Capictor N Gad wale wie Diblyeouar t os Chemical > terminal UA ssp ) co Principle PP unpolarized Snubber Circuit > 32% WeQF Us. Zero. Wan fee XS OS Uo cbs. charge Cutfent oh De Fie TE dh ghd Diode shubben 2 The figure below Shows 48tep down d&—de converter - the dicde De is used! as apath fon the Stoned eneisgy_in the load Ae whentswtichT & of The cet. below Shows catem Snubber bo protect Vhis diode _Lai its inteyeverse { eI Or + baise Derpath For Storage energy ne TN steuete, baited with V= N gouttce Second on Rectifiers a ReckiPers ct has Semi. Conduckn devices bo Convert Ac. wave fonm. into ol. Farm (one. direction Waive form) there is lwo type 4. uncontre lled recktien [oliode | 2. Controlled. rectifier [ong one of emi. Grductor. half wave > = a : ae Se we Pu Wave = 9% The Yms Value of the ofp s- a i Mien. Va Sin?wt dot 20 £(t- cs 2wt) Mims os vot rb] 1.B +4 wave rectifier oil th inductive loach 1-8 The basic fectiPien cet with incluctive toca» Shown’ in the =o below »- ee ng Upsintsmips. Den =>. Shon tek >. Vso + avargesdutpa by i Re aaah — Vse Yue Zee peioestmen Usa Ns -Ve +O > -pourf_ sep & Diede. so = €! ¥ pace. KEY Lbichre GP eGo % From teo —> ti (“> VR) the current builkiup anel.the ae ‘inducton L stoned _the energy @ndtat, Ve=Vp) So the voltoqe Gees (= tere)» and the Cutten decreased . beyond ta & > =) : inductor L » Stunt cis g Charge throug (Ayus, 8) and the Diode D, Contines oN untill the inductor ia energy becomes telo angle between [ands the induction angle oP diode < al Compared to the lesistive occ] the avarge output Voltage less than theavarge . Voltage Rr resistive lood. due ty Neag tive - Part for discharging the stered energy in induchor L The. average o/p voltage = - Tse Vig NG An [ sinwt dat or 2 Tes Nee (2 Os ve ) . a ee _ at ( 2 ah Awe TT Vie = Ye [1 - os 0ro)] | a ¥ pry v é i= TP we... Gonect a free tahiling Wheeling aliede acts the inductive load * So... discharging £ energy current will bake the pathoP -R_, Dm and the Velhage of this —— (shonkect) . = = Calle) Comitation of diode >the figure thaws the (ate. form in gly Ob...be ba... the contents stems Bred from D1 fo Dm Orel this process We. fusing Dm( Fee: Coheeling. olixte) * the Figure below shows half wave battery charger Aandi Ge soy bas) gold Sale wo PIAA a yi « b £ + battery) NG. : b) the Pestana. R a ©) te pos inverse. valage (piv) te Hh ee Vs = Umsin wt SE X= SaKT TEs = $< 32> Um 122 «v2 Pz Bo- a= teo-21R 35(480~ 88) —BB = £ etn J) Nasiyat deat cp 5 = de (Mmcmnet wh E pe 2TTR : « 4 Redon ve Ue ro Five Em +12. = fase} 2. Plv= -(im+e] Ties iz ad Vb zt = 843° Os igh ( Um stoh6) an Se RK PN Ie rn. 3 iid eee Sv ce © 2> hal P wave. _ Mec ki #i nes.-2.) Bil Bare Nak Ver ee Seat ? dlelermine the powen Consumed sy R: 220 5 s (TER >is w @ Les QBSVod Sw nH ES 8.257. Hey / oh —— “Blample\ The figure beloid Shows 1-Dhei wave'vechbiess: whe ith Doutte Volhage of) Vs=\'z0 walaws) 668% EXPE cess Ane lwtinctis Vaiby inRenmiiol Fouherotreriessrs ait) leo Suri ok ss oe eae i oy ksi non gunisedel — perediGe De x * 7 \ D > vp ii Fin w Re { ocfPanéton! 4 S. eS) exitpaicyeal ge Sunisedel Ni= Um sin we | + py Bebe oe Nese 9 ee Vee 2 (en osnattbasn ee Oana | = np Ce thermic: cite oa a T = Vde= ij“ at a eh hha san 2 (4) > half wave 3 Sax Um o> ‘full wave, shapes A TWX) by = Soak ht ant Ms eo ‘. ih ae | Um Sinat Gsnat dat T % = 2 [Um sineot. Sinniati deat ool - 2 2 = ‘ ~~ wy ~ = a Sinn Bing = giaceiasnat a . ‘ Bink @sy = 1 T smOuy) 4. sinle -y)] a x a il Ee Gs ee “aay a tN LAS Single phase All. wave tecitifes +- eran = a fall wave becitibets with acenter - a tepeed is shown in the figure below :- = tire G = Vmsinwt V Da 3S Gn ter lf yoo tai wl * _— = whee Single phaSe. 3- winding Han Ferme a S +f ¥ dot tal Velen We Voie aE: | Um Sinaskcleot inal ° i Qe Um weX, ~ AeA ae Lis hie See 3h 3 a demotor 2 .RLE cio > langer:induckor With Bevies R ES BUM sald al e bSau as Ne = Um Sinwk fe, Pull waver tech fiers woth AL Low ae TAeto| the voltage equ. of this. cck fa be written as below Nex Non Sintsl = Blo. -y Lda Boe or: Rio 4 Lo = Undinat- ©... Q.oLiliedlseiabali.oaws iG a by eelteg this si the Lime. domain. Garten 43.93 ae ee j Vn sin (stt-9)+ 5 ef cee 9: tan! ab jnticl vatue’e f cones %) C2) (+e sinew E(t) e Cra Constan & —_— ~@ Dis costinous toad. Gatfent s+ the. Gse. oF tow nhs le r Gs wih at pith demas the aurrent becomes. dis Con tines and, 4 lowed! wae the i eal oP we ait

wom Gnk — &sent tot high induictive ———. st rlcbiclbabany | Ac: je ..fo. obtain . Phabe.... Controlled... FectiPien, o~ > the ..cliode..recli Piers. provide f Pixed output Vol Controlled outpuk Volkage, We. Such as. phase. Controlled. thyriston the. output Voltage hn. this Base. is. Vanied. by Controlling the. elelay fe of scR(firing angle brig g ring, augle ) > —_— ‘i : the Figure below Shows a Controlled half. Wuave Pectitien ucsith _lesstive load : z we oa + . Gyee % We =e Ssh. Gt Pr.gaie ae cippling A «Zero Cssing 3b rage & Btandanded gs wii yo Vothoge GP iNaage Nar ods & Ear Gotssing ? iss a : = : Se lS RES Lath 2 WSaWie dsl pod Squre. ait to provide. the SycroniZation of the! Contrell oe hove te geH Tt | gating Sequante below. s : . applied: Volhage by 2. genctate the pluse. after a desired angle (athe, biting angle) betveen the gle ord Githod teminal Avarge output Voltage. 2 | T @ x (Um' sin cob ‘cleo 4 Be Mie ait z lyin Varin” lo. ot | = oNe Ei cos (oan © 27 27 a oe = {Um} t= diode diate Se loael +5 Voltage Go AMES B> & load Gry LIS a dsp 9 SOLS The ms. ofp. Noleage 2 ' Tr / / \iggpdexciigl j (Mew diwiot \ dot Ash bale = a MOP Taal iO 3 4 (b Gs det) me i ine = Sap FE Gd Sa) Rech fiers of & i eee 6 eet oe Roe i ia li) atthe o : Rag [ Vens/R Uens* é pe tm See AE is the measure OP the output Volkoge. Shope ond gin Df Ving — Vide Repple Factor RF ¥ RFs ner sod For cipple Noe” its the measure of ripple Gntants Refine) Elab cd RF2 NVims = Ndc™ [vg2 paz ci Fhe [wave rechiPienghown tbelaw ooh. =40 ee = “EE, RF, PIV e ae Ls peak ve oe Peak Inverse. itage Ms it Rv aod oie = Um Pasta coset), = Um _ bin i 30 Vdec = oS al. Om : =. (0.159! P selene 20-2 ‘h Nims” ie 0x85.96_ Cm. (oe) Wao el. MWe. ys Tacs msc aS pect) — sta A so oe POH —_ 2ra2° = FFE = 1-98 7? betinival vathoge. Thyrfstor L wove © eck Ber sith Inductive loed os Gon'trall : speed of de. mabor h general the local ore inductive. (Sich a8 ade motor) fs. in the figure bebe _arben the trnging angle. & Tappliedén the. Thyrister the Usithage. and Gitfent wae foams fn the lood oye Shon below ” ‘ a Wh ad a6 eS a ( , ( 4 : snnot ne Umsi | Varye output Vabtege. ; ake wD she} vm Sin cot Hot x Nie S Yn (Gs BX- cop ) oe ecctive ae > inde ~Q: pa! Cation —— fapacte << Quite —— Bee a pbing2 lea LD» Go alah é @ nae A — phd ean bs (ev Gp e-tolotion ude Bowles fe Gpatitors Spall 3 felt. iyo t a w It 6 oplat vod] | mia Sessa L...o . 4 a las sen Hub ob Wy Sls ig a fe big | i ae \ y ; \ ae es ye | Glow reo 2 Pre Cyl wae Sul) Ade ye a Sob. ues Kpetorne Soutien As ime Fae dischange na\sostce TY Vas dade dt aad Aisdrenge- Po SS. gee ‘ofp cana the Sood. is assumed de moton La vis assumed Yer high’ do the 7 io nearly Gnitinous (tipple —> Tae Se) f nf | AL. We=A Koad Ty, ave Piced aud the Curent Te Conduct clirin the poniod | i Qunt OO ip? 0} 2 fet Moun pat cist nthe Pique below. 3B. input Volkages are assumed belong esith © Prove Seponce) Sefpionce ‘ tng Af WTS ZK st yy = UV. Sin wok Pie Bes U.-= Va Vph’. = x /TLSTp Vee V2. Sim (wk-t20)...| phase Wolke e Yew (iho ree) \ cin Vey + V2 V6in (uat-249) : ; ~waN= VAAL es 1Se ute 2-6 Lwae diode YechiBer. go. belie : 25Tt!> 03 85 2 hy paihunve 2? {e+ pattepaste ; lte 3 Ve & the diode Conductivg tothe Bequarcese of Qy Bs, D,.-_ etc. Gch = Gouducts of periede of 120". any code _of highen instantinous Voltage. is cenduching , thak means for 3° ak Poncentl beech Vo lrecge ind #¢ oN. bee Dez, D3 are off « Smit Simailanley of \so {we ¢2¥o Se & Mow oN B03 pare oft , thak means of the next 120° cluertion Ds on bak by De soff this Seguance & GontinocS Unoleh 1D, ,Dz,D3~~~~, aS Show in the Agure below La —> dicon timens fpatg + Ce > Cabos) Bh fuiaye Comoited veckitier ith inductive loads QO 3G Converter: (couttoved)) rechPion thoes uthe Fiquie lel Xs outpat & ub each Thyrsiton has a Reviod of BJLad sino". the o/p_Volkage {5 Gontrolled..by the Firing angle Bhows i the Ligue below re - a Braj tdie ; see Waa Naw ies nstSoanate Paes Fa et Mew a= View sre lork-(1s) x <> Mew = tin Lusk = te) x Fran, altos Mle Bu i Ud aay 1G ely BE see D> se} Foremnl device BHU OF * off > op 0S! Gop bio Xi Ab is the inverSinn Ongle ofthe Thyristor Ge Ge ET ADP ae Wee Boe sf avg oupat Voltaye ae % a5 Nos Vaes be) Un*sint do BEiba\ oe a eh = EVs = 303 Umi Corn ae i398 , Mia wnat a BER Ue AS, a) Eh Nx Ab dale fo SARC ee MY (Vormalied Voltage. :- SS. ee { an, SSS Ss Ns : _ We wer

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