Steps Involved in System Analysis and de
Steps Involved in System Analysis and de
Steps Involved in System Analysis and de
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System, Analysis and Design.
WHAT IS A SYSTEM?
A system is a collection of components that work together to realize specific objectives.
The three (3) basic components of a system are:
• Input
• Output
• Processing
WHAT IS ANALYSIS?
Analysis is the examination of something in detail. It involves identifying problems and
recommending solutions for overcoming such problems.
WHAT IS DESIGN?
Design is creating a detailed plan of something.
TYPES OF SYSTEM
The following are types of systems:
Management information systems (MIS)
Decision support systems (DSS)
Group decision support systems (GDSS)
Executive support systems (ESS)
Artificial Intelligence and Expert System (AIES)
Transaction Processing System (TPS)
Office Automation System and Knowledge Work System (OAS/KWS)
Computer – Supported Collaborative Work System (CSCWS)
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System, Analysis and Design.
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System, Analysis and Design.
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System, Analysis and Design.
SYSTEM ANALYST
WHAT IS A SYSTEM?
WHO IS AN ANALYST?
A system analyst is the person who selects and configures computer systems for an
organization or business. His or her job typically begins with determining the intended purpose
of the computers. To summarize, the system analyst's job is to choose the most efficient
computer solutions for a business, while making sure the systems meet all the company's
needs. Therefore, the system analyst must have a solid understanding of computer hardware
and software and should keep up-to-date on all the latest technologies. He must also be willing
to listen to the constant needs and complaints of the users he builds systems for.
3. Gather fact
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System, Analysis and Design.
4. System design
5. Evaluating changes
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System, Analysis and Design.
2. Decision table: Are precise yet compact way to model complicated logic. Decision
tables, like flowcharts and if-then-else and switch-case statements, associate conditions
with actions to perform, but in many cases do so in a more elegant way.
3. Modeling Language such as UML: Is any artificial language that can be used to express
information or knowledge or systems in a structure that is defined by a consistent set of
rules.
Unified Modeling Language is a general purpose modeling language in the of software
engineering.
5. Testing tools
6. ISO/CMM procedure manuals
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System, Analysis and Design.
INFORMATION GATHERING
STRATEGY FOR GATHERING INFORMATION
1. Interviews
2. Questioning
3. Questionnaires
4. Observation
5. Study of existing organizational documents, forms and reports.
INTERVIEW
An interview is a conversation between two or more people where questions are asked by the
interviewer to elicit facts or statements from the interviewee.
PLANNING AN INTERVIEW
INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES
1. Make appointment
2. Assign time
3. Be punctual and pay attention to what users says
4. Do not use computer jargon
5. Obtain both qualitative and quantitative information
6. State what you understand and get it confirmed
7. Do not prolong interview
8. Record if permitted
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System, Analysis and Design.
QUESTION
TYPE OF QUESTIONS
1. Open-ended questions (allow for much longer responses and therefore more
information) e.g. What is your view on the introduction of the e-Learning system.
2. Close-ended questions (answers to closed questions can often be either right or wrong,
they are usually easy to answer) e.g. Have you used the e-Learning system before?
3. Probes (questions with why)e.g. You said YES/NO, why/what are the benefits?
1. Pyramid (pyramid start with a specific question and end with general question)
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System, Analysis and Design.
2. Funnel (funnel start with general question and end with a specific question)
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System, Analysis and Design.
3. Diamond (diamond start with a specific question and end with a specific question)
It’s a combination of the other afore mentioned two above.
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System, Analysis and Design.
QUESTIONNAIRE
EXAMPLE OF A QUESTIONNAIRE:
QUESTIONNAIRE OF SURVEY
ABOUT THE HOSTEL’S FACILITIES AT BAYERO UNIVERSITY
SECTION A
SECTION B – PROBLEM
1. The cafeteria is always in the good condition include the food and cleanness?
○ strongly agree ○Agree○Disagree ○strongly disagree
3. Nowadays, many students have their own transport since their hostel quite far from the academic buildings. Do you
think the parking lot that are provided are enough for all students?
○ strongly agree ○Agree○Disagree ○strongly disagree
5. Are all the toilets and the shower tools functioning well and in good condition?
○ strongly agree ○Agree ○Disagree○ strongly disagree
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System, Analysis and Design.
SECTION C – THE SOLUTION
These are the survey for us to get the data information how to solve the problems occurred in the male’s student
hostel, SA’ADU ZUNGUR, DANGOTE, DANTATA and IDRIS GARBA.
1. CAFETERIA ○1 ○2 ○3 ○4
2. WASH ROOM ○1 ○2 ○3 ○4
3. PARKING LOT ○1 ○2 ○3 ○4
4. INTERNET CONNECTION ○1 ○2 ○3 ○4
5. BATHROOM ○1 ○2 ○3 ○4
1. CAFETERIA
□ add more stalls
□ increase the level of cleanness at the stalls and the food court
□ other: _________________________________
2. WASH ROOM
□ provide the washing machine at each level of hostel
□ other: __________________________________
3. PARKING LOT
□ add more parking lot at the hostel
□ other: _________________________________
4. INTERNET CONNECTION
□ other: _______________________________
□ other:_____________________________
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System, Analysis and Design.
FEASIBILITY
A feasibility study is an evaluation or analysis of the potential impact of a proposed project and
gathering more data’s for members of the organization.
Example: After an analyst determines reasonable objectives for a project, the analyst needs to
determine if it is possible for the organization and its members to see the project to
completion.
USEFULNESS OF FEASIBILITY
1. Essential for business survival.
2. It saves time, money of the organization.
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System, Analysis and Design.
Input
Processes
Output
Fields
Programs
Procedures.
This can be quantified (In order to estimate whether the new system will perform adequately or
not.) in terms of
volumes of data,
Trends
Frequency of updating, etc.
Technical feasibility is also carried out to determine whether the company has the capability, in
terms of software, hardware, personnel and expertise, to handle the completion of the project.
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System, Analysis and Design.
1. Development costs;
2. Operating costs: This is an analysis of the costs to be incurred in the system and the
benefits derivable out of the system.
Time-based study: This is an analysis of the time required to achieve a return on
investments. The future value of a project is also a factor.
Note: “if the short term costs are not overshadowed by long term gain meaning that
the system is not economically feasible and the project should not proceed any
further”.
OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY
Operational feasibility is a measure of how well a proposed system solves the problems.
THE NEED FOR OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY
Operational feasibility studies are generally utilized to answer the following questions:
1. Process – How do the end-users feel about a new process that may be implemented?
2. Evaluation – Whether or not the process within the organization will work but also if it
can work.
3. Implementation – Stakeholder, manager, and end-user tasks.
4. Resistance – Evaluate management, team, and individual resistance and how that
resistance will be handled.
5. In-House Strategies – How will the work environment be affected? How much will it
change?
6. Adapt & Review – Once change resistance is overcome, explain how the new process
will be implemented along with a review process to monitor the process change.
Example:
If an operational feasibility study must answer the six items above, how is it used in the real
world? A good example might be if a company has determined that it needs to totally redesign
the workspace environment. After analyzing the technical, economic, and scheduling feasibility
studies, next would come the operational analysis. In order to determine if the redesign of the
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SCHEDULE FEASIBILITY
“Schedule feasibility is a measure of how reasonable the project timetable is.
It also makes prototype model with proper time span which allot the steps and their required
time duration”. A project will fail if it takes too long to be completed before it is useful. Typically
this means estimating how long the system will take to develop, and if it can be completed in a
given time period using some methods like payback period. Some projects are initiated with
specific deadlines. A system analyst needs to determine whether the deadlines are mandatory
or desirable it is an essential type of feasibility
LEGAL FEASIBILITY
This determines whether the proposed system conflicts with legal requirements, e.g. a data
processing system must comply with the local data protection acts.
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System, Analysis and Design.
STEPS IN FEASIBILITY
1. Quantify goals
2. Find alternative solution to meets goals
3. Set goals to remove deficiencies
4. Ranks order alternative and discuss with the users
5. Prepare a system proposal management approval
6. Define goals and sub goals of the proposed system
7. Note down the deficiencies in current system found while preparing system document
VERBAL STATEMENT OF GOAL
1. Send bill soon after the month end
2. Send bill within 5 days of month end
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOAL
1. Must be quantified
2. Realized with the constraint of the organization and system
3. Broken down into sub goals / objective
4. Agreeable to all concerned
5. In general goal must not only remove deficiency but also given a system which is
superior
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