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Problem Set 1

This document contains 25 practice problems related to mathematical methods. The problems cover topics such as linear algebra, vector spaces, matrices, eigenvalues, eigenvectors, orthogonal matrices, and expansions of functions in series. Specifically, the problems ask the student to determine if a ring is a field, state properties of commutative rings, check for linear independence of vector sets, find orthonormal bases, determine if matrices represent valid projections, diagonalize matrices, expand functions in Legendre and Fourier series, and more.

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111 views2 pages

Problem Set 1

This document contains 25 practice problems related to mathematical methods. The problems cover topics such as linear algebra, vector spaces, matrices, eigenvalues, eigenvectors, orthogonal matrices, and expansions of functions in series. Specifically, the problems ask the student to determine if a ring is a field, state properties of commutative rings, check for linear independence of vector sets, find orthonormal bases, determine if matrices represent valid projections, diagonalize matrices, expand functions in Legendre and Fourier series, and more.

Uploaded by

maims plap
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PH31013/PH41013: Mathematical Methods 1, Year: 2015-16

Semester: Autumn Practice Set 1


__________________________________________________________________________________
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏
1. Examine if the ring of matrices �� � : 𝑎𝑎, 𝑏𝑏 ∈ ℝ� is a field.
2𝑏𝑏 𝑎𝑎
2. What are the properties of commutative ring? Give an exampleof commutative ring.
3. If {𝑢𝑢, 𝑣𝑣, 𝑤𝑤} is a linearly independent subset of a vector space, show that {𝑢𝑢, 𝑢𝑢 + 𝑣𝑣, 𝑢𝑢 +
𝑣𝑣 + 𝑤𝑤} is also linearly independent.
4. If {𝑣𝑣1 , 𝑣𝑣2 , … . . , 𝑣𝑣𝑛𝑛 } is a linearly dependent set of vectors, prove that one of these
vectors is a linear combination of the other.
5. Let 𝑉𝑉 be the function space 〈1, 𝑥𝑥, 𝑥𝑥 2 〉 i.e. 𝑉𝑉0 = 1, 𝑉𝑉1 = 𝑥𝑥, 𝑉𝑉2 = 𝑥𝑥2 is a basis for the
space of polynomial of degree ≤ 2 made into a Euclidean space by
1
defining⟨𝑢𝑢(𝑥𝑥)|𝑣𝑣(𝑥𝑥)⟩ = ∫0 𝑢𝑢(𝑥𝑥) 𝑣𝑣(𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑. Find an orthonormal basis for 𝑉𝑉.
𝑥𝑥+𝑦𝑦 𝑥𝑥+𝑦𝑦
6. In ℝ2 consider the operator of the form 𝑃𝑃 = |𝑥𝑥⟩⟨𝑥𝑥| + � �� � .Is it a valid
√2 √2
projection operator?
7. Show that the co-ordinates of the vector (𝛼𝛼, 𝛽𝛽, 𝛾𝛾) with respect to the basis set
𝑆𝑆 = {(1,0,0), (1,1,0), (1,1,1)} are (𝛼𝛼 − 𝛽𝛽, 𝛽𝛽 − 𝛾𝛾, 𝛾𝛾).
8. Using Schwarz’s inequality, prove the Cauchy inequality (∑ 𝑎𝑎𝑖𝑖 𝑏𝑏𝑖𝑖 )2 ≤ (∑ 𝑎𝑎𝑖𝑖2 )(∑ 𝑏𝑏𝑖𝑖2 )
where 𝑎𝑎𝑖𝑖 , 𝑏𝑏𝑖𝑖 (𝑖𝑖 = 1,2, … . , 𝑛𝑛) are all real numbers.
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
9. Prove that for all 0 ≤ 𝜃𝜃 ≤ 2𝜋𝜋, the Rotation matrix 𝑅𝑅(𝜃𝜃) = � � form a
−𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
group under matrix multiplication. Is it abelian?
10. What are the conditions to be imposed upon 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑏𝑏 for 𝐾𝐾4 = {1, 𝑎𝑎, 𝑏𝑏, 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎} to form a
group?
1 −1 1 0 0 0 0 0
11. Show that, 𝐹𝐹 = �� �� �� �� �� spans 𝑀𝑀22 , where 𝑀𝑀22 is the set of
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0
all 2X2 matices.
12. Using the Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization method construct the orthonormal set
for the given set of linearly independent vectors.
1 1 −1
(a) |𝜒𝜒1 〉 = �1� ; |𝜒𝜒2 〉 = �0� ; |𝜒𝜒3 〉 = �−2�.
1 1 1
1 1 1
(b) |𝜒𝜒1 〉 = �2� ; |𝜒𝜒2 〉 = �0� ; |𝜒𝜒3 〉 = �−1�.
2 1 0

13. Find the eigen values and set of eigen vectors of the following matrix 𝐴𝐴 =
10 0 0
�0 6 −4�.
0 −4 6
14. Find the eigen values and set of eigen vectors of the following matrices 𝐵𝐵 =
2 −2 0 1 2 −2
�−2 1 −2� ; 𝐶𝐶 = � 2 1 2 �. Then diagonalize them.
0 −2 0 −2 2 1
12
15. 𝐶𝐶 = �2 4 �; Find out the eigen values of 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑇𝑇 and 𝐶𝐶 𝑇𝑇 𝐶𝐶. For both matrices find out the
36
set of orthonormal eigen vectors.
16. Prove that the determinant of a Hermitian matrix is real.
17. Prove that the determinant of a skew-Hermitian matrix is either zero or purely
imaginary.
cos 𝜃𝜃 − sin 𝜃𝜃 0
18. 𝐴𝐴 = � sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃 0�. Find out the value of 𝜆𝜆 for which the matrix A is
0 0 𝜆𝜆
orthogonal.
1 1
19. A set of linearly independent vector is given by |𝜒𝜒1 = �−1� ; |𝜒𝜒2 = �0� ; |𝜒𝜒3 〉 =
〉 〉
1 1
−1 2
� 1 �. Express a given |𝜇𝜇〉 = �−5� in terms of the given linearly independent
0 1
vectors. Verify your result using 𝑺𝑺 matrix, the basis transformation is defined as
|𝑒𝑒〉 = 𝑺𝑺 |𝜒𝜒〉.
20. Examine the following set of functions are linearly independent or not.
(a) {1, 𝑥𝑥, 𝑥𝑥2 , 𝑥𝑥3 }
(b) {1, sin 𝜃𝜃 , sin2 𝜃𝜃 , sin3 𝜃𝜃}
(c) {3, 3 sin2 𝜃𝜃 , 4cos2 θ}
𝑑𝑑
21. Find the eigen function (𝜙𝜙) and eigen value of the operator𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 , assuming that the
eigen function to be single valued in 𝜃𝜃, i.e. 𝜙𝜙(𝜃𝜃 + 2𝜋𝜋) = 𝜙𝜙(𝜃𝜃).
22. What is the condition that product of two Hermitian operator is Hermitian?
23. If 𝜓𝜓1 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝜓𝜓2 be two eigen functions of a Hermitian operator 𝐴𝐴̂ belonging to distinct
eigen values 𝜆𝜆1 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝜆𝜆2 , show that 𝜓𝜓1 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝜓𝜓2 must be orthogonal.
24. Find similarity transformation matrix 𝑆𝑆 for the matrix 𝐵𝐵 (from problem 12). Hence
calculate𝐵𝐵 50 .
25. Expand the following function in a Legendre series,
(a) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 0, − 1 < 𝑥𝑥 < 0
= 𝑥𝑥, 0 < 𝑥𝑥 < 1
26. Expand the following functions in a Fourier series.
(a) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 2 , 0 < 𝑥𝑥 < 2π
(b) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 + 1, 0 < 𝑥𝑥 < 1.

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