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    Gunpowder Empire

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    The document provides information on three Gunpowder Empires: the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid Empire, and the Mughal Empire. It discusses their origins, periods of expansion and power, and eventual declines. The Ottoman Empire was founded in the 13th century and conquered Constantinople in 1453. It reached its height under Suleiman the Magnificent in the 16th century but then experienced a slow decline. The Safavid Empire was founded in the 16th century and consolidated power under Shah Abbas, but incompetent later leadership contributed to its fall. The Mughal Empire originated in India in the 16th century and prospered under Akbar the Great's rule, known for cultural blending, but British

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    Gunpowder Empire

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    212 views20 pages
    The document provides information on three Gunpowder Empires: the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid Empire, and the Mughal Empire. It discusses their origins, periods of expansion and power, and eventual declines. The Ottoman Empire was founded in the 13th century and conquered Constantinople in 1453. It reached its height under Suleiman the Magnificent in the 16th century but then experienced a slow decline. The Safavid Empire was founded in the 16th century and consolidated power under Shah Abbas, but incompetent later leadership contributed to its fall. The Mughal Empire originated in India in the 16th century and prospered under Akbar the Great's rule, known for cultural blending, but British

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    The document provides information on three Gunpowder Empires: the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid Empire, and the Mughal Empire. It discusses their origins, periods of expansion and power, and eventual declines. The Ottoman Empire was founded in the 13th century and conquered Constantinople in 1453. It reached its height under Suleiman the Magnificent in the 16th century but then experienced a slow decline. The Safavid Empire was founded in the 16th century and consolidated power under Shah Abbas, but incompetent later leadership contributed to its fall. The Mughal Empire originated in India in the 16th century and prospered under Akbar the Great's rule, known for cultural blending, but British

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    212 views20 pages

    Gunpowder Empire

    Uploaded by

    api-286657372
    The document provides information on three Gunpowder Empires: the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid Empire, and the Mughal Empire. It discusses their origins, periods of expansion and power, and eventual declines. The Ottoman Empire was founded in the 13th century and conquered Constantinople in 1453. It reached its height under Suleiman the Magnificent in the 16th century but then experienced a slow decline. The Safavid Empire was founded in the 16th century and consolidated power under Shah Abbas, but incompetent later leadership contributed to its fall. The Mughal Empire originated in India in the 16th century and prospered under Akbar the Great's rule, known for cultural blending, but British

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    of 20

    THE OTTOMAN

    EMPIRE
    Hagia Sophia – Constantinople

    What is a Gunpowder
    Empire?
    •Gunpowder Empire is a term
    used to describe the Ottoman,
    Safavid, and Mughal Empires
    •Each of these empires had
    great military success due to
    their early adoption of firearms,
    especially the siege cannon
    Ottoman: Rise to Power
    • Founded in 1289 by Osman,
    who commanded a large
    group of Muslim warriors
    • Later Expand into outer
    regions of Byzantine
    Empire
    • 1453: Conquer
    Constantinople
    • Under the leadership of
    Mehmed II

    Ottoman: Rise to Power


    •Janissary were an
    elite military guard
    recruited from
    Christians, converted
    to Islam, and trained
    as foot soldiers or
    administrators to the
    sultan.
    Ottoman: Suleiman
    •Suleiman I, or Suleiman
    the Magnificent, came to
    rule in 1520. He expanded
    Ottoman rule into Europe
    and the western Med. Sea.
    •He ruled for 46 years.

    Ottoman: Suleiman
    •He codified Ottoman law
    keeping Islamic faith, took
    into account Christian
    inhabitants of the Empire,
    addressed taxes, and built
    more schools.
    Ottoman: Sultans
    •head of the empire- held
    absolute control
    •hereditary – eldest son
    always succeeded the
    father. (created turmoil)

    Ottoman: Millet System


    •Millet System:
    Different
    communities
    based on religion
    throughout the
    empire
    Ottoman: Millet System
    •In the millet system
    each community was
    responsible for
    •Taxes
    •Education
    •Legal Matters:
    Marriage, Divorce,
    Inheritance

    Ottoman: Society
    •The subjects were
    divided by occupation.
    •ruling class, & 4 main
    occupational groups:
    peasants, artisans,
    merchants, and pastoral
    peoples.
    Ottoman: Society
    •Sunni Muslims.
    •Tolerant of
    non-Muslims

    Ottoman: Decline

    •Suleiman’s mistake
    •The training of officials declined
    •local government grew more
    corrupt and taxes rose
    •Wars depleted the imperial
    treasury.
    •influence of Western Europe
    THE SAFAVID
    EMPIRE
    The Shah Mosque - Isfahan

    Safavid
    •Founded by Shah Ismail
    •Concentrated on building a
    powerful army
    •Religion: Shia
    •Religiously Intolerant
    Safavid: at its Peak
    •Shah Abbas: Highest
    point of glory
    •Reformed military and
    civilian life
    •Equipped armies with
    modern artillery
    •Punished corruption

    Safavid: at its Peak


    •Hired only the most
    competent people
    •Sought more religious
    toleration
    Society/Economy
    SOCIETY ECONOMY
    • Traditional Social • Main Exports: Silk
    Structure items and Persian rugs
    • Women wear the veil • Government invests
    and live in seclusion money in cultural
    • Young boys kidnapped achievements
    and enslaved (like • Isfahan (capital)
    • Architecture (City
    Janissaries) planning; mosques)
    • Strong emphasis on • Literature, poetry
    artisans, engineers and and music
    merchants

    Safavid: Cultural Connections


    •Blue domes
    •Chinese artisans
    •Metalwork
    •Calligraphy
    •Glasswork
    •Pottery
    •Carpets
    Safavid: Decline

    •Shah Abbas followed


    Ottoman mistakes
    •Incompetent leadership
    aided in decline
    •By 1747 the empire fell
    into regional turmoil
    THE MUGHAL
    EMPIRE
    Mughal: Geography
    The Mogul Empire
    spread from
    modern-day
    Afghanistan south to
    near the southern tip of
    India.

    Mughal: Origins
    •8th-16thcenturies:
    religious and political
    turmoil
    •Founded by Babur
    Mughal: Peak
    •Akbar the Great
    •Military conqueror
    •Artillery
    •Utilized Rajput forces
    •Liberal ruler
    •Cultural blending
    •Governed using the
    talented
    •Graduated tax

    Mughal: Culture
    •Blending
    •Welcomed diverse
    influence
    •Persian, Hindi, and
    Urdu (blend)
    •Religious Tolerance
    Mughal: Culture
    •Arts and Literature
    •Book illustrations
    •Epic love stories
    •Architecture
    •Style named for
    Akbar
    •Massive, graceful
    structures
    Society/Economy
    SOCIETY ECONOMY
    • Mogul ruling class was • The economy boomed
    made up of Muslims under the Moguls
    • Clan or family links were • Road System and
    important to get high uniform currency united
    the empire
    positions
    • Moguls welcomed
    • Majority of the foreign traders and
    population were Hindu exported cotton, spices,
    • Appreciation of the arts opium, sugar, silk,
    and influenced by precious stones, etc.
    Persian art

    Mughal: Shah Jahan


    •Shah Jahan
    •He expanded the boundaries
    of the Mogul Empire
    •Taj Mahal – a mausoleum for
    his favorite wife, Mumatz
    Mahal. This is the finest piece
    of Mogul architecture. It
    combines Persian, Ottoman,
    Indian, and Islamic styles.
    Mughal: Decline
    •The British helped the decline of the
    Mogul Empire in India.
    •British East India Co. Controlled
    trade and taxed lands surrounding
    the city of Calcutta.
    •The Indians practiced guerilla
    warfare against the British.
    •The British moved inland. Trade
    brought money to the British. The
    British were in India to stay.

    Mughal: Shah Jahan


    As you watch the
    following video,
    answer the questions
    in your notes.
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ppAQDPb8DYM

    Figure 26-1 Taj Mahal, Agra, India, 1632–1647 . 38


    Figure 26-6 Aerial view of the Taj Mahal, Agra, India., 1632-1647 . 39

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