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Iron-Iron Carbide Phase Diagram Example

The document describes an iron-iron carbide phase diagram. It shows the different phases present at various temperatures and carbon concentrations, including the eutectoid and eutectic points. It also provides example calculations using the phase diagram to determine phase compositions at given temperatures and carbon levels.

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Benjamin Enmanuel Mango D
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114 views3 pages

Iron-Iron Carbide Phase Diagram Example

The document describes an iron-iron carbide phase diagram. It shows the different phases present at various temperatures and carbon concentrations, including the eutectoid and eutectic points. It also provides example calculations using the phase diagram to determine phase compositions at given temperatures and carbon levels.

Uploaded by

Benjamin Enmanuel Mango D
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Iron-Iron Carbide Phase Diagram Example

Fig 1: Fe-Fe3C Phase Diagram (clickable), Materials Science and Metallurgy,


4th ed., Pollack, Prentice-Hall, 1988

Figure 1 shows the equilibrium diagram for combinations of carbon in a solid solution of iron. The
diagram shows iron and carbons combined to form Fe-Fe3C at the 6.67%C end of the diagram. The left
side of the diagram is pure iron combined with carbon, resulting in steel alloys. Three significant regions
can be made relative to the steel portion of the diagram. They are the eutectoid E, the hypoeutectoid A,
and the hypereutectoid B. The right side of the pure iron line is carbon in combination with various
forms of iron called alpha iron (ferrite), gamma iron (austenite), and delta iron. The black dots mark
clickable sections of the diagram.

Allotropic changes take place when there is a change in crystal lattice structure. From 2802º-2552ºF the
delta iron has a body-centered cubic lattice structure. At 2552ºF, the lattice changes from a body-
centered cubic to a face-centered cubic lattice type. At 1400ºF, the curve shows a plateau but this does
not signify an allotropic change. It is called the Curie temperature, where the metal changes its magnetic
properties.

Two very important phase changes take place at 0.83%C and at 4.3% C. At 0.83%C, the transformation is
eutectoid, called pearlite.

gamma (austenite) --> alpha + Fe3C (cementite)

At 4.3% C and 2066ºF, the transformation is eutectic, called ledeburite.

L(liquid) --> gamma (austenite) + Fe3C (cementite)


Equilibrium Calculations

1. Given the Fe-Fe3C phase diagram, Fig. 1, calculate the phases present at the eutectoid composition line
at:

a. T = 3000ºF
b. T = 2200ºF
c. T = 1333ºF
d. T = 410ºF

2. Calculate the phases in the cast-iron portion of the diagram at the eutectic composition of
4.3% C in combination with 95.7% ferrite at:

a. T = 3000ºF
b. T = 1670ºF
c. T = 1333ºF

3. A eutectoid steel (about 0.8%C) is heated to 800ºC (1472ºF) and cooled slowly through the
eutectoid temperature. Calculate the number of grams of carbide that form per 100g of steel.

4. Determine the amount of pearlite in a 99.5% Fe-0.5%C alloy that is cooled slowly from 870ºC
given a basis of 100g of alloy.

Solutions

1. a. T = 3000ºF. Since the composition E is eutectoid, the carbon content is 0.83%.


b. T = 2200ºF. At this temperature, austenite exists as a single-phase solid.
c. T = 1333ºF. Two phases exist, ferrite and austenite. The percentages are determined by the
lever rule: X ÷ (X+Y) = (Cy-C) ÷ (Cy-Cx).

proeutectoid ferrite = (0.83 - 0.18) / (0.83 - 0.025) x 100 = 80.7%


austenite = (0.18 - 0.025) / (0.83 - 0.025) x 100 = 19.3%

d. T = 410ºF. A small amount of cementite will precipitate following the solubility line from
0.025% C at 1333ºF to 0.008% C at room temperature. The overall percentages of ferrite and
cementite are:

ferrite = (6.67 - 0.18) / (6.67 - 0.01) x 100 = 97.4


cementite = (0.18 - 0.01) / (6.67 - 0.01) x 100 = 2.6%

2. a. T = 3000ºF. At this temperature, the eutectic is all liquid.


b. T = 1670ºF. Since there is a change of the solubility line, there will be a change in the
austenite composition, that will transform to the eutectoid at 1333ºF. The overall austenite and
cementite composition will be:

austenite = (6.67 - 4.3) / (6.67 - 1.2) x 100 = 43.3%


cementite = (4.3 - 1.2) / (6.67 - 1.2) x 100 = 56.7%
c. T = 1333ºF. At this temperature the austenite has a eutectoid composition and will transform
into pearlite. The compositions of proeutectoid cementite and austenite are:
eutectoid austenite = (6.67 - 4.3) / (6.67 - 0.83) x 100 = 40.6%
proeutectoid cementite = (4.3 - 0.83) / (6.67 - 0.83) x 100 = 59.4%
The austenite has a eutectoid composition that is:
eutectoid ferrite = (6.67 - 0.83) / (6.67 - 0.025) x 100 = 88%
eutectoid cementite = (0.83 - 0.025) / (6.67 - 0.025) x 100 = 12%
3. Interpolate between alpha (0.02%C) and Fe3C (6.7%) at 1333ºF

Carbide = (0.8 - 0.02) / (6.7 - 0.02) x 100 = 12g

4. Since pearlite originates from austenite of eutectoid composition, determine the amount of
gamma just prior to the eutectoid reaction.

From 870ºC - 780ºC : 100g austenite with 0.5% C


From 780ºC - 727ºC : ferrite separates from austenite and the carbon content of the austenite
increases to about 0.8% C
At 727ºC (+) : proeutectoid ferrite: composition of ferrite = 0.02% C, amount of carbon = 38g
Gamma that transforms to pearlite: compostion of austenite = 0.8% C. Amount of austenite =
62g.
At 727ºC (-): Amount of pearlite = 62g

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