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A Few Remarks On Analysis

This document discusses basic theorems in real and functional analysis, including properties of uniform convergence and tests for uniform convergence such as Abel's test. It also introduces Lebesgue integrals as an alternative to Riemann integrals that is better suited for certain pathological functions like the Fourier series and Dirichlet function. Lebesgue integration slices functions horizontally into slabs based on the measure of sets defined by the y-values, rather than slicing vertically as in Riemann integration.

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Boyang Qin
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46 views3 pages

A Few Remarks On Analysis

This document discusses basic theorems in real and functional analysis, including properties of uniform convergence and tests for uniform convergence such as Abel's test. It also introduces Lebesgue integrals as an alternative to Riemann integrals that is better suited for certain pathological functions like the Fourier series and Dirichlet function. Lebesgue integration slices functions horizontally into slabs based on the measure of sets defined by the y-values, rather than slicing vertically as in Riemann integration.

Uploaded by

Boyang Qin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Real and Functional Analysis

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Contents

1 BASIC THEOREMS 2
1.1 UNIFORM CONVERGENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2 LESBEGUE INTEGRALS 3

1
1 BASIC THEOREMS

1.1 UNIFORM CONVERGENCE


∞
• COOL PROPERTIES OF UNIFORM CONVERGENCE Given un , f defined on [a, b ], let f =
P
un denote the series
i=1
uniformally converging to f , then
1. Given uniform convergence, every un continous implies f conitnuous
2. Given uniform convergence, every un continous implies integral of sum is the same as sum of the integral. i.e.
∞ R
f =
R P
un
i=1

3. Given uniform convergence of un and uniform convergence of un0 , and every un , un0 continuous, then differenti-
ation of sum is the same as sum of the differentiation
• TEST FOR UNIFROM CONVERGENCE
1. ABEL’S TEST If A infinite series of functions defined on [a, b ] satisfies (1) every term is non-negative, bounded
and monotonically inreasing on [a, b ], the the series converges uniformally on [a, b ].

2
2 LESBEGUE INTEGRALS

• A alternative viewpoint to define integral that is suitable for certain “pathological functions” such as Fourier series,
Dirichlet function.

• Riemann integral slices the function y = f (x) in the vertical direction and sums up in the horizontal direction to
obtain the area, while Lesbegue integral slices the function into the horizontal slabs and sums them up in the vertical
direction. One increments x sequentially without regard to the corresponding y values while the other increments y
values without regard to the x values, whose “size” is called MEASURE of the set y > ỹ.

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