Data Modeling

Lesson 2 Assignment
Review Questions

1. What is the difference between a database and a table?

2. What does a database expert mean when (s)he observes that a database displays
both entity integrity and referential integrity?

3. Why are entity integrity and referential integrity important in a database?

4. Draw the basic entity relationship diagram for the database shown below.

• The database below records which professors advise which students. A

student is allowed only a single advisor. Professors may advise multiple
students.

Table name STUDENT Table name: PROFESSOR

5. Suppose that you have the entity relationship model shown below.

DRIVER drives TRUCK

During some time interval, a DRIVER can drive many different TRUCKs
and any TRUCK can be driven by many DRIVERs

How would you convert this model into an entity relationship model that displays only
1:M relationships? (Make sure that you draw the revised entity relationship model.)

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6. How would you implement a 1:M relationship in a database composed of two
tables? Give an example.

7. Identify and describe the components of the database table shown in Figure
Q2.70, using correct terminology. Identify the entity name, its attributes and the
primary and foreign keys.

Figure Q2.70 The Database For Question 7

Table name: EMPLOYEE Database name: L2_QUESTIONS

8. Suppose that you are using the following database composed of the two tables
shown in Figure Q2.11:

Figure Q2.11
Table name: DIRECTOR

Table name: PLAY

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a. Identify the primary keys.
b. Identify the foreign key.
c. Draw the Entity Relationship Diagram.

Problems
Use the database shown in Figure P2.1 to work problems 1 through 5. Note that the
database is composed of four tables and reflects these relationships:

• An EMPLOYEE has only one JOB_CODE, but a JOB_CODE can be held

by many EMPLOYEEs.

• An EMPLOYEE can have many BENEFITs, and any BENEFIT can be

assigned to many EMPLOYEEs.

Note that the M:N relationship has been decomposed into two 1:M relationships for
which the BENEFIT table serves as the composite or bridge entity.

FIGURE P2.1 The Database For Problems 1-5

Database name: L2_P1

Table name: EMPLOYEE Table name: BENEFIT

Table name: JOB

Table name: PLAN

1. For each table in the database, identify the primary key and the foreign key(s). If
a table does not have a foreign key, write NONE in the assigned space.

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TABLE PRIMARY KEY FOREIGN KEY(S)
EMPLOYEE
BENEFIT
JOB
PLAN

2. Draw the entity relationship diagram for the relationship between EMPLOYEE
and JOB.

3. Do the tables exhibit entity integrity? Answer Yes or No, then explain your
answer.

TABLE ENTITY INTEGRITY EXPLANATION

EMPLOYEE
BENEFIT
JOB
PLAN

4. Do the tables exhibit referential integrity? Answer Yes or No, then explain your
answer. Write NA (Not Applicable) if the table does not have a foreign key.

TABLE REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY EXPLANATION

EMPLOYEE
BENEFIT
JOB
PLAN

5. Draw the Entity Relationship diagram to show the relationships among

EMPLOYEE, JOB, BENEFIT, and PLAN.

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Use the database shown in Figure P2.2 to answer problems 6-8.

FIGURE P2.2 The Database For Problems 6-8.

Table name: PRODUCT

Table name: VENDOR

6. For each table, identify the primary key and the foreign key(s). If a table does
not have a foreign key, write None in the assigned space.

TABLE PRIMARY KEY FOREIGN KEY(S)

PRODUCT
VENDOR

7. Do the tables exhibit entity integrity? Answer Yes or No, then explain your
answer.

TABLE ENTITY INTEGRITY? EXPLANATION

PRODUCT
VENDOR

8. Do the tables exhibit referential integrity? Answer Yes or No, then explain your
answer. Write NA (Not Applicable) if the table does not have a foreign key.

TABLE REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY EXPLANATION

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PRODUCT
VENDOR

Use the database shown in Figure P2.30 to answer problems 9-13:

Figure P2.30 The Database For Problems 9 - 13

Table name: TRUCK

Table name: BASE

Table name: TYPE

9. For each table, identify the primary key and the foreign key(s). If a table does
not have a foreign key, write NONE in the assigned space.

TABLE PRIMARY KEY FOREIGN KEY(S)

TRUCK
BASE
TYPE

10. Do the tables exhibit entity integrity? Answer Yes or No, then explain your
answer.

TABLE ENTITY INTEGRITY EXPLANATION

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TRUCK
BASE
TYPE

11. Do the tables exhibit referential integrity? Answer Yes or No, then explain your
answer. Write NA (Not Applicable) if the table does not have a foreign key.

TABLE REFERENTIAL ENTEGRITY? EXPLANATION

TRUCK
BASE
TYPE

12. Identify the TRUCK table's candidate key(s).

13. Draw the entity relationship diagram for this database.

Use the database shown in Figure P2.40 to answer problems 14-15.

ROBCOR is an aircraft charter company that supplies on-demand charter flight

services, using a fleet of four aircraft. Aircraft are always identified by a (unique)
registration number. Therefore, the aircraft registration number is an appropriate
primary key for the AIRCRAFT table.

The nulls in the CHARTER table's CHAR_COPILOT column indicate that a

copilot is not necessarily required for some charter trips or for some aircraft.
(Federal Aviation Administration rules require a copilot on jet aircraft and on
aircraft having a gross take-off weight over 12,500 lbs. (None of the aircraft in the
AIRCRAFT table is governed by this requirement; however, some customers may
require the presence of a copilot for insurance reasons.) All charter trips are
recorded in the CHARTER table.

Figure P2.40 The Database For Problems 14 - 15

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Table name: CHARTER (first six attributes) Database name: L2_AVIA_CO

The destinations are indicated by standard three-letter airport codes. For example,
STL = St. Louis, MO, ATL = Atlanta, GA, BNA = Nashville, TN, and so on.
Table name: CHARTER (part 2, next four attributes, primary key values repeated to
see the connection to the first part more easily.)

CHAR_HOURS = number of flight hours

CHAR_FUEL_GALLONS = the number of gallons of fuel used during the trip
CHAR_DISTANCE = roundtrip distance in miles

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Table name: CHARTER (Part 3, remaining attributes, primary key values repeated
to see the connection to the first and second parts more easily.)

Table name: AIRCRAFT

AC_TTAF = Aircraft total time, airframe (hours)

AC_TTEL = Aircraft total engine time, left engine (hours)
AC_TTER = Aircraft total engine time, right engine (hours)
In a fully developed database system, such attribute values would be
updated by application software when the CHARTER entries are posted.
Table name: MODEL

Customers are charged per round-trip mile, using the MOD_CHG_MILE rate.
The MOD_SEAT gives the total number of seats in the airplane, including the
pilot/copilot seats. Therefore, a PA31-350 trip that is flown by a pilot and a
copilot has eight passenger seats available.

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Table name: PILOT

The pilot licenses shown here include the ATP = Airline Transport Pilot and COM =
Commercial Pilot. Businesses that operate “on demand” air services are governed by
Part 135 of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Such businesses are also
known as “Part 135 Operators.” Part 135 operations require that pilots successfully
complete a flight proficiency check each six months. The date of the “Part 135”
proficiency check is recorded under PIL_PT135_DATE. To fly commercially, pilots
must have at least a 2nd class medical certificate (PIL_MED_TYPE = 2).

The PIL_RATINGS include

SEL = Single Engine, Land MEL = Multi-engine, Land
SES = Single Engine, Sea Instr = Instrument
CFI = Certified Flight Instructor CFII=Certified Flight Instructor, Instrument

Table name: EMPLOYEE

Table name: CUSTOMER

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Given this aviation database, work the following problems:

14. For each table, identify, where possible,

a. The primary key

b. The foreign key(s) if any and the table they reference

15. Create an Entity Relationship diagram. Diagram using the Crows foot model.
Hint: Take a look at the table contents. You will discover that an AIRCRAFT
can be used to fly many CHARTER trips, but that each CHARTER trip is flown
by one AIRCRAFT. Similarly, you will discover that a MODEL references many
AIRCRAFT, but each AIRCRAFT references a single MODEL, and so on.

Note: Database design properly precedes the creation of table

structures and contents. However, when learning database design,
sometimes it much easier to understand design concepts and
requirements after examining some data. By observing actual
attribute values, the abstract notion of relationships becomes "real"
and, therefore, more easily understood. So, throughout this lesson and
in the lessons question and problem sets, we have shown the table
structures and contents first and then the E-R diagram is constructed
to reflect the available information.

After carefully exploring the database's contents, note the following relationships:

• a CUSTOMER can request many CHARTER trips, but each CHARTER

trip is requested by one CUSTOMER.

• each CHARTER trip requires one AIRCRAFT, but an AIRCRAFT may be

used to fly many different CHARTER trips.

• each AIRCRAFT is of a certain MODEL and, because the charter company

may have many aircraft of a given model, each MODEL may reference many
AIRCRAFT.

• a PILOT may pilot many CHARTER trips, but each CHARTER trip is
piloted by one PILOT.

• a PILOT may serve as a copilot on a CHARTER trip.

• each PILOT is an EMPLOYEE (but not all EMPLOYEEs are PILOTs!).

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