Mathematics 1A AIMSTUTORIAL

1. If f : A  B, g : B  C are two bijections, 2. If f: A  B, g : B C are bijections, then

then prove that gof: A  C is also a prove that (gof) -1 = f -1og-1.
bijection. A: Given that
f: A  B is a bijection.
A: Given: f: A  B, g: B C are bijection. g: B  C is a bijection.
f -1 : B  A is a bijection.
Part 1: g -1 : C B is a bijection.
To prove that gof: A → C is one-one. gof: A  C is also a bijection.

Now f: A  B, g: B C are one-one (gof) -1: C  A is a bijection.

functions. f -1og-1: C  A. is a bijection.
gof: AC is a function.
Let a1, a2  A  f(a1), f(a2)  B Thus (gof) -1 and (f- 1og-1) both the functions
and (gof) (a1), (gof)(a2) C. exist and have same domain C and same
Suppose that (gof)(a1) = (gof)(a2) co domain A.
 g[f(a1)] = g[f(a2)]
Let c be any element in C.
 f(a1) = f(a2) g is one-one Since g: B  C is onto, there exists atleast
 a1 = a2 f is one-one one element b B such that g(b) = c
gof: A  C is one-one.  b = g -1 (c)  g is a bijection

Part 2:- To prove that gof: A C is onto. Since f: A  B is onto, there exists atleast
one element a A such that f (a) = b.
Now f: A B, g: B  C are onto functions.  a = f -1(b) f is a bijection
gof: A C is a function.
Let c C; Since g:BC is onto, there Consider (gof) (a) = g[f(a)]
exists at least one element b B such that = g(b)
g(b) = c.  (gof) (a) = c.
Since f: A  B is also onto, there exists at  a = (gof) -1 (c) gof is a bijection
least one element a A such that f(a) = b
Now (gof) (a) = g[f(a)]
= g(b)
=c
For c C, there is an element a A such
that (gof) (a) = c. Consider (f-1og-1) (c) = f- 1 [g -1(c)]
so gof : A C is onto. = f- 1 (b)
Since gof: A  C is both one-one and onto =a
 (gof) -1 (c) = (f- 1og-1) (c) ∀ c C.
gof: A  C is a bijection.
(gof) -1 = f -1og-1

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 Mathematics 1A AIMSTUTORIAL
3. If f : A  B, IA and IB are identity 4. If f: A  B is a bijection, then show that
functions on A and B , then prove that fof-1 = IB and f-1of = IA.
foIA = IB of = f. A: Given that f: A  B is a bijection
A: Given that f: A  B  f -1 : B  A.
IA : A A is defined by IA (a) = a ∀ a  A. Part 1:- To show that fof-1 = IB
IB : B B is defined by IB (b) = b ∀ b  B. Now
f -1: B  A,
Part 1:- To prove that foIA = f f: A  B
fof-1: B B.
Now Also IB: B B
IA: A A, Thus fof-1 and IB have same domain B and
f: A  B same co domain B.
foIA : A  B
Let a be any element in A.
Also f: A  B
Since f: A  B, there is a unique element
Thus foIA and f both the functions exist and have bB.
such that f(a) = b
same domain A and same co domain B.
 a = f- 1 (b) f is a bijection
Let a A Consider (fof-1)(b) = f[f -1(b)]
Since f: A  B, there exists a unique = f (a)
element b B such that f (a) = b =b
Consider (foIA) (a) = f [IA(a)] = IB (b)
= f(a) IB: B B  IB(b) = b
 (foIA) (a) = f (a) ∀a A
(fof- 1) (b) = IB(b) bB
Hence foIA = f............. (1)
Thus fof-1 = IB
Part 2:- To show that IB of = f
Part 2:- To prove that f -1of = IA
Now
Now
f : A  B,
f: A  B,
f :BA
-1
IB: B B
 f -1of: A A
 IBof : A  B Also IA: A A
Also f: A  B Thus f-1of and IA have the same domain A
and the same co domain A.
Thus IBof and f both the functions exist and
have same domain A and co domain B. Now (f -1of) (a) = f -1 [f (a)]
= f -1 (b)
Consider (IBof)(a) = IB[f(a)] =a
= IB(b) = IA(a)
=b IA: A A IA (a) = a
= f(a)
(f- 1of) (a) = IA (a) ∀a  A
 (IB of) (a) = f(a)∀a  A 2
 f of = IA
-1
 IB of = f............... (2)
fof-1 = IB and f -1of = IA.
 From (1) & (2) foIA = f = IB of.

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 Mathematics 1A AIMSTUTORIAL
6. Let A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {a, b, c}, C = {p, q, r}.
5. If f : A  B, g : B  A are two functions If f : A  B, g : B C are defined by
such that gof = IA and fog = IB then prove f = {(1, a), (2, c), (3, b)}, g = {(a, q), (b, r),
that g = f-1. (c, p)}, then show that f -1og-1 = (gof) -1.
A: Given that f: A  B, g: B  A are two
functions A: Given that
such that gof = IA and fog = IB. A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {a, b, c}, C = {p, q, r}

f: A  B, g : B  C are given by
Part 1: - To prove that f is one-one.
Let a1, a2A  f(a1), f(a2)  B
f = {(1, a), (2, c), (3, b)}
Consider f(a1) = f(a2)
f -1 = {(a, 1), (b, 3), (c, 2)} and
 g[f(a1)] = g[f(a2)]
 (gof) (a1) = (gof) (a2)
g = {(a, q), (b, r), (c, p)}
 IA (a1) = IA(a2) gof = IA
 a1 = a2 g -1 = {(q, a), (r, b), (p, c)}
Thus f: A  B is one-one. 
f g gof (𝒈𝒐𝒇)−𝟏
(1, 𝑎) ⇾ (𝑎, 𝑞 ) (1, 𝑞 ) (𝑞, 1)
Part 2:-To prove that f is onto.
(2, 𝑐 ) ⇾ (𝑐, 𝑝) (2, 𝑝) (𝑝, 2)
Let b B
g: BA, there exists a unique element a A (3, 𝑏) ⇾ (𝑏, 𝑟) (3, 𝑟) (𝑟, 3)..... (1)
such that g(b) = a.
Now f(a) = f[g(b)]
= (fog) (b)
= IB (b) fog = IB 𝑔−1 𝑓 −1 𝑔−1 𝑜𝑓 −1
=b (𝑞, 𝑎) ⇾ (𝑎, 1) (𝑞, 1)
So f: A  B is onto. (𝑟, 𝑏) ⇾ (𝑏, 3) (𝑟, 3)
Since f is one-one and onto, so f is a bijection. (𝑝, 𝑐 ) ⇾ (𝑐, 2) (𝑝, 2) ... (2)
 f -1 : B  A
Also g: B  A
From (1) and (2) (f -1og-1) = (gof) -1.
Thus both the functions f-1 and g have the same
domain B and same co domain A.

Part 3:- To show that g = f -1

From previous part, f (a) = b
 a = f -1 (b)
Also g(b) = a
   g(b) = f -1(b) ∀ b  B.

g = f -1.
3

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Mathematics 1A AIMSTUTORIAL
7. If f : Q Q defined by f(x) = 5x+4 for
all x  Q, show that f is a bijection and
find f- 1.
A: Given that
f : Q Q is defined by f(x) = 5x + 4
Part 1:- To prove that f is one-one
Let x1, x2 Q (domain) and
f(x1) = f(x2)
 5x1 + 4 = 5x2 + 4
 5x1 = 5x2
 x1 = x2
 f: Q Q is one-one.
Part 2:- To prove that f is onto
Let y  the codomain Q and x  domain Q
such that
f(x) = y
 5x + 4 = y
y4
 x=
5
So for every y  codomain Q, there is a
preimage  domain Q such that
 y4
f =y
 5 

Thus f : Q Q is onto.
Part 3:-To find f-1(x)
Since f is both one-one, onto, so it is a
bijection.
f(x) = y  x = f-1 (y)
5x + 4 = y  x = =f-1(y)
x4
 f-1(x) = .
5

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