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A prism refracts light and can be used to disperse light into a spectrum. The refractive index of various liquids can be measured using a prism and calculating the angle of minimum deviation. The experiment involves fixing a prism on a board and placing pins to mark the incident and emergent rays for different liquids and angles of incidence. Precautions include maintaining the pins vertically and a minimum distance between points. The refractive indices calculated from the experimental angles match standard values.

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162 views5 pages

New Microsoft Word Document

A prism refracts light and can be used to disperse light into a spectrum. The refractive index of various liquids can be measured using a prism and calculating the angle of minimum deviation. The experiment involves fixing a prism on a board and placing pins to mark the incident and emergent rays for different liquids and angles of incidence. Precautions include maintaining the pins vertically and a minimum distance between points. The refractive indices calculated from the experimental angles match standard values.

Uploaded by

Shivas Regal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THEORY

PRISM: A prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished


surfaces that refract light. Prisms can be made from any material that is
transparent including glass, plastic and fluorite.

A prism can be used to break light up into its constituent spectral colours.
Prisms can also be used to reflect light, or to split light into components with
different polarizations.

REFRACTION:

The refractive index of the liquid is given by the formula:


FLUIDS REFRACTIVE INDEX
Water 1.33

Glycerine 1.47

Ethyl Alcohol 1.36

Vegetable Oil 1.45

Acetone 1.36

HCl 1.34

Where:
= refractive index of the liquid
= the angle of minimum deviation
r = angle of refraction
i = angle of incidence
A = angle of prism
PROCEDURE
 Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board
with help of drawing pins.
 Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.
 Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.
 Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with
the normal PQ and place 2 pins so that they
appear to be in the straight line.
 Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid
,on the marked outline ABC.
 Now take the pins and place them on the side AC
so that all the 4 pins appears to be in same line.
 Remove the prism and draw the line joining the
points so obtained.
 Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.
 Repeat this with different liquids and different
angle of incidence.

OBSERVATIONS
HCl Ethyl Alcohol
S.No. i e d A S.No. i e d A
1. 35 48 24 60 1. 35 52 26 60
2. 40 52 30 60 2. 40 44 25 60
3. 45 42 25 60 3. 45 41 25 60
4. 50 36 26 60 4. 50 36 26 60
5. 55 32 28 60 5. 55 32 27 60

THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF ETHYL ALCOHOL


 EXPERIMENTAL-1.36
 CALCULATED- 1.34
THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF HCL
 EXPERIMENTAL- 1.34
 CALCULATED- 1.34

PRECAUTIONS
 Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60 degree.
 Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same
line.
 Distance b/w two points should not be less than 10mm.
 Same angle of prism should be used for all
observation.
 Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent
and incident ray.

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