Spreadsheet​ ​Workshop

Contents

Part​ ​1:​ ​Birthday​ ​Temperatures

Part​ ​2:​ ​Basic​ ​Calculations

Part​ ​3:​ ​Special​ ​Calculators

Part​ ​4:​ ​Graphing​ ​a​ ​Function

Part​ ​5:​ ​Tweaking​ ​a​ ​Function

Part​ ​6:​ ​Conditional​ ​Invoice

Part​ ​7:​ ​Formatting​ ​and​ ​Publishing

Part​ ​8:​ ​Coin​ ​Flip​ ​Analysis

Part​ ​9:​ ​Dice​ ​Roll​ ​Statistics

Challenge​ ​Extensions

Completion​ ​Checklist
Spreadsheet​ ​Workshop
Part​ ​I:​ ​Graphing​ ​correlative​ ​data

Open​ ​your​ ​“master​ ​spreadsheet”​ ​in​ ​Google​ ​Classroom.​ ​ ​With​ ​this​ ​spreadsheet,​ ​you’ll​ ​be​ ​creating
a​ ​plot​ ​of​ ​temperature​ ​throughout​ ​the​ ​day.

● Title​ ​column​ ​A​ ​“Time”​ ​and​ ​fill​ ​in​ ​the​ ​first​ ​few​ ​cells​ ​in​ ​the​ ​column​ ​with​ ​times​ ​of​ ​day.
○ Start​ ​with​ ​a​ ​time​ ​in​ ​the​ ​morning,​ ​then​ ​go​ ​up​ ​by​ ​hour​ ​intervals
○ After​ ​you​ ​have​ ​a​ ​few​ ​times​ ​entered,​ ​highlight​ ​those​ ​cells.​ ​ ​Then​ ​drag​ ​the​ ​box
down​ ​through​ ​the​ ​column​ ​so​ ​the​ ​spreadsheet​ ​will​ ​automatically​ ​fill​ ​cells​ ​with​ ​9-10
consecutive​ ​times.

● Title​ ​column​ ​B​ ​“Temperature”​ ​ ​Also,​ ​include​ ​the

units​ ​in​ ​the​ ​column​ ​heading​​ ​so​ ​you​ ​only​ ​have​ ​to
type​ ​them​ ​in​ ​once!
○ Look​ ​up​ ​temperature​ ​data​ ​for​ ​Durango​ ​on
the​ ​day​ ​you​ ​were​ ​born​ ​using​ ​this​ ​website
and​ ​enter​ ​it​ ​into​ ​column​ ​B
● Highlighting​ ​all​ ​cells,​ ​create​ ​four​ ​different​ ​types​ ​of
charts​ ​on​ ​the​ ​same​ ​page​ ​(i.e.​ ​line​ ​graph,​ ​bar​ ​graph,
histogram,​ ​and​ ​pie​ ​chart).
● What​ ​types​ ​of​ ​charts​ ​are​ ​relevant,​ ​and​ ​what​ ​types​ ​don’t​ ​really​ ​mean​ ​anything​ ​for​ ​this
data?​ ​(answer​ ​this​ ​in​ ​a​ ​cell​ ​below​ ​or​ ​next​ ​to​ ​each​ ​chart)
○ Your​ ​answers​ ​will​ ​show​ ​up​ ​as​ ​text.​ ​ ​To​ ​make​ ​them​ ​fit​ ​in​ ​exactly​ ​the​ ​area​ ​you
want,​ ​highlight​ ​several​ ​cells​ ​and​ ​click​ ​on​ ​the​ ​“merge​ ​cells”​ ​button​ ​on​ ​your​ ​toolbar
○ Then​ ​click​ ​on​ ​format​ ​>​ ​text​ ​wrapping​ ​>​ ​wrap​ ​text.​ ​ ​This​ ​will​ ​make​ ​cells
automatically​ ​grow​ ​to​ ​fit​ ​your​ ​answers

● Before​ ​you​ ​move​ ​on,​ ​read​ ​the​ ​Completion​ ​Checklist​​ ​to​ ​make​ ​sure​ ​you’ve​ ​completed
everything.​ ​ ​You​ ​should​ ​have​ ​four​ ​graphs​ ​with​ ​a​ ​complete​ ​sentence​ ​next​ ​to​ ​each​ ​one.
Spreadsheet​ ​Workshop

Part​ ​II:​ ​Making​ ​Calculations

Spreadsheets​ ​are​ ​great​ ​for​ ​not​ ​just​ ​organizing​ ​data,​ ​but​ ​analyzing​ ​it.​ ​ ​Here,​ ​we’ll​ ​start​ ​with​ ​some
basic​ ​programming​ ​to​ ​make​ ​your​ ​spreadsheet​ ​do​ ​arithmetic​ ​for​ ​you.​ ​ ​Create​ ​a​ ​new​ ​“sheet”​ ​using
the​ ​+​ ​icon​ ​in​ ​the​ ​lower​ ​left​ ​and​ ​title​ ​it​ ​“simple​ ​calculator.”
● Pick​ ​any​ ​cell​ ​and​ ​type​ ​in​ ​a​ ​basic​ ​math​ ​expression,​ ​like​ ​12+5.​ ​ ​Notice​ ​that​ ​the​ ​text​ ​itself
shows​ ​up​ ​in​ ​the​ ​cell,​ ​not​ ​the​ ​answer.​ ​ ​Click​ ​on​ ​the​ ​cell​ ​again​ ​so​ ​you​ ​can​ ​edit​ ​the
expression,​ ​and​ ​enter​ ​an​ ​equal​ ​sign​ ​at​ ​the​ ​beginning​ ​of​ ​it​ ​e.g.​ ​“= ​ 12+5​”​ ​ ​You​ ​just​ ​wrote​ ​a
computer​ ​program!!
○ Can​ ​you​ ​figure​ ​out​ ​what​ ​keyboard​ ​characters​ ​represent​ ​multiplication​ ​and​ ​division?

This​ ​is​ ​great,​ ​but​ ​you​ ​can’t​ ​see​ ​what​ ​calculation​ ​you​ ​made​ ​unless​ ​you​ ​click​ ​on​ ​the​ ​cell​ ​and​ ​see​ ​you​ ​code.
Furthermore,​ ​you​ ​have​ ​to​ ​go​ ​back​ ​and​ ​edit​ ​the​ ​code​ ​if​ ​you​ ​want​ ​to​ ​add​ ​other​ ​numbers.​ ​ ​Let’s​ ​take​ ​this​ ​to
the​ ​next​ ​level.
● In​ ​cell​ ​A3,​ ​enter​ ​the​ ​number​ ​12.
● In​ ​cell​ ​B3,​ ​enter​ ​the​ ​number​ ​5
● In​ ​cell​ ​C3,​ ​start​ ​a​ ​formula​ ​by​ ​typing​ ​the​ ​equals​ ​sign.​ ​ ​After​ ​you​ ​have​ ​the​ ​sign,​ ​you’ll​ ​see​ ​a​ ​little
grey​ ​underline​ ​next​ ​to​ ​the​ ​cursor.​ ​ ​This​ ​is​ ​because​ ​the
computer​ ​is​ ​expecting​ ​you​ ​to​ ​tell​ ​it​ ​to​ ​do​ ​something.​ ​ ​So​ ​now
type​ ​in​ ​“​A3​.”​ ​ ​Then​ ​type​ ​the​ ​plus​ ​sign.​ ​ ​After​ ​the​ ​plus​ ​sign.
Click​ ​on​ ​cell​ ​B3​ ​and​ ​it​ ​should​ ​automatically​ ​enter​ ​“​B3​.”​ ​ ​Hit
enter​ ​to​ ​leave​ ​the​ ​cell.

● The​ ​answer​ ​(17)​ ​should​ ​appear​ ​in​ ​place​ ​of

your​ ​code.​ ​ ​Try​ ​changing​ ​the​ ​values​ ​in​ ​the​ ​two
input​ ​cells​ ​and​ ​see​ ​if​ ​the​ ​calculator​ ​adjusts.

● Now​ ​play​ ​around​ ​with​ ​making​ ​calculators​ ​for​ ​other

operations.​ ​ ​You​ ​can​ ​get​ ​creative​ ​with​ ​merging​ ​cells,
changing​ ​their​ ​sizes,​ ​and​ ​adding​ ​color​ ​to​ ​make​ ​it​ ​look​ ​real
good.

● Challenge​:​ ​Set​ ​up​ ​a​ ​calculator​ ​for​ ​unit​ ​conversions

● Challenge:​​ ​Make​ ​a​ ​calculator​ ​that​ ​will​ ​give​ ​surface
area​ ​and​ ​volume​ ​of​ ​a​ ​sphere​ ​for​ ​a​ ​given​ ​radius
● Challenge​:​ ​Make​ ​a​ ​calculator​ ​that​ ​will​ ​solve​ ​quadratic
equations​ ​for​ ​you!

● Before​ ​you​ ​move​ ​on,​ ​read​ ​the​ ​Completion​ ​Checklist​​ ​to

make​ ​sure​ ​you’ve​ ​completed​ ​everything.
Spreadsheet​ ​Workshop
Part​ ​III:​ ​Special​ ​Calculators

Goal​:​ ​make​ ​calculators​ ​that​ ​will​ ​solve​ ​specific​ ​types​ ​of​ ​problems

A​ ​fairly​ ​simple​ ​type​ ​of​ ​problem​ ​involves​ ​the​ ​following​ ​equation​ ​relating​ ​distance,​ ​time,​ ​and
speed: ​ ​d = s · t. ​ ​ ​We’ll​ ​make​ ​a​ ​special​ ​calculator​ ​to​ ​solve​ ​these​ ​problems​ ​for​ ​us.
● Create​ ​a​ ​new​ ​“sheet”​ ​using​ ​the​ ​+​ ​icon​ ​in​ ​the​ ​lower​ ​left.
● Create​ ​a​ ​table​ ​with​ ​headings​ ​of​ ​Time,​ ​Distance,​ ​and​ ​Speed.​ ​ ​Under​ ​Time,​ ​enter​ ​“.3
hours​.”​ ​ ​Under​ ​distance,​ ​type​ ​“​2.9​ ​mi​”​ ​ ​Under​ ​speed,​ ​enter​ ​a​ ​formula​ ​to​ ​calculate​ ​speed.

○ OOPS!!!!​ ​You​ ​probably​ ​got​ ​an​ ​error​ ​message.​ ​ ​That’s​ ​because​ ​you’re​ ​trying​ ​to
divide​ ​both​ ​numbers​ ​and​ ​letters.​ ​ ​Delete​ ​the​ ​units​ ​you​ ​typed​ ​in​ ​the​ ​cell​ ​and​ ​see​ ​if
the​ ​calculation​ ​works.
○ All​ ​numbers​ ​need​ ​units​ ​in​ ​order​ ​to​ ​have​ ​meaning.​ ​ ​If​ ​units​ ​can’t​ ​go​ ​in​ ​the
individual​ ​cells,​ ​where​ ​could​ ​they​ ​go?
Now​ ​you​ ​have​ ​a​ ​speed​ ​calculator.​ ​ ​Change​ ​up​ ​some​ ​of​ ​the​ ​numbers​ ​to​ ​check​ ​that​ ​it​ ​works.
Create​ ​2​ ​additional​ ​calculators​ ​of​ ​your​ ​choice.​ ​ ​E.g.​ ​for​ ​time​ ​(given​ ​distance​ ​and​ ​speed)​ ​and
distance​ ​(given​ ​speed​ ​and​ ​time)

What​ ​are​ ​some​ ​other​ ​common​ ​formulas​ ​you​ ​could​ ​set​ ​up​ ​calculators​ ​for?​ ​ ​Geometric​ ​properties
like​ ​area,​ ​volume​ ​and​ ​surface​ ​area?​ ​ ​Cost​ ​with​ ​sales​ ​tax/discounts?​ ​ ​What​ ​about​ ​other
calculator​ ​operations,​ ​like​ ​exponents,​ ​square​ ​roots,​ ​trigonometry,​ ​etc?

● Challenge:​​ ​Use​ ​conditional​ ​formatting​ ​(under​ ​the​ ​‘format’​ ​menu)​ ​to​ ​make​ ​color​ ​change
depending​ ​on​ ​the​ ​values​ ​you​ ​are​ ​using.​ ​ ​You​ ​can​ ​make​ ​cells​ ​different​ ​colors​ ​for​ ​positive/negative
values,​ ​or​ ​make​ ​them​ ​red​ ​when​ ​they’re​ ​blank​ ​so​ ​people​ ​know​ ​where​ ​to​ ​enter​ ​values.
Spreadsheet​ ​Workshop
● Before​ ​you​ ​move​ ​on,​ ​read​ ​the​ ​Completion​ ​Checklist​.
Part​ ​IV:​ ​Graphing​ ​a​ ​function

Goal​:​ ​Graph​ ​a​ ​linear​ ​function​ ​on​ ​a​ ​coordinate​ ​plane

● Consider​ ​the​ ​function​ ​ y = 2/3x − 2.85 .​ ​ ​We’re​ ​going​ ​to​ ​make​ ​a​ ​table​ ​of​ ​values​ ​for​ ​this
equation.
● A​ ​new​ ​“sheet”​ ​within​ ​the​ ​same​ ​spreadsheet​ ​(use​ ​the
+​ ​icon​ ​at​ ​the​ ​bottom​ ​of​ ​the​ ​screen)
● On​ ​this​ ​sheet,​ ​title​ ​two​ ​columns​ ​x​ ​and​ ​y.
● For​ ​the​ ​x​ ​column,​ ​just​ ​type​ ​in​ ​values​ ​between​ ​-5​ ​and
5.

● If​ ​you​ ​know​ ​what​ ​x​ ​is​ ​(-5​ ​for​ ​example),​ ​how​ ​do​ ​you​ ​find​ ​y?​ ​ ​What​ ​formula​ ​could​ ​you​ ​type
into​ ​cell​ ​B3​ ​that​ ​would​ ​find​ ​y​ ​based​ ​on​ ​the​ ​x-value​ ​in​ ​cell​ ​A3​ ​and​ ​the​ ​equation​ ​lined​ ​out
above?​ ​ ​Enter​ ​this​ ​formula​ ​and​ ​drag​ ​the​ ​it​ ​down​ ​to​ ​fill​ ​in​ ​the​ ​y-column​ ​with​ ​values.​ ​ ​Check
your​ ​values​ ​with​ ​those​ ​in​ ​my​ ​table​ ​below.
● All​ ​those​ ​decimal​ ​places​ ​sure​ ​are​ ​obnoxious,​ ​eh?
Highlight​ ​the​ ​y-column​ ​and​ ​click​ ​the​ ​“decrease
decimal​ ​places”​ ​button​ ​until​ ​you’ve​ ​got​ ​two​ ​decimal
places.

● Create​ ​a​ ​chart​ ​that​ ​graphs​ ​the​ ​equation​ ​on​ ​x​ ​and​ ​y
axes

● Challenge​:​ ​Create​ ​a​ ​graph​ ​of​ ​ f (x) = − |.67x + 1.5|

● Challenge​:​ ​Create​ ​a​ ​graph​ ​of​ ​a​ ​curved​ ​function​ ​(like

a​ ​parabola)

● Before​ ​you​ ​move​ ​on,​ ​read​ ​the​ ​Completion​ ​Checklist​.

Spreadsheet​ ​Workshop
Part​ ​V:​ ​Tweaking​ ​a​ ​function

Goal​:​ ​Create​ ​a​ ​program​ ​that​ ​graphs​ ​a​ ​line​ ​based​ ​on​ ​the​ ​slope​ ​and​ ​y-intercept.​ ​ ​These​ ​are​ ​both
considered​ ​“parameters”​ ​of​ ​the​ ​function.​ ​ ​We​ ​want​ ​to​ ​be​ ​able​ ​to​ ​adjust​ ​the​ ​parameters​ ​quickly
and​ ​see​ ​how​ ​the​ ​graph​ ​changes.

For​ ​starters,​ ​let’s​ ​graph​ ​an​ ​equation​ ​in​ ​slope​ ​intercept​ ​form
● Create​ ​a​ ​new​ ​sheet​ ​with​ ​another​ ​table​ ​for​ ​x​ ​and​ ​y.​ ​ ​Fill​ ​in​ ​the​ ​x​ ​values​ ​from​ ​-10​ ​to​ ​10.
● Make​ ​an​​ ​additional​ ​table​​ ​where​ ​you​ ​can​ ​enter​ ​a​ ​value​ ​for​ ​slope​ ​and​ ​another​ ​for​ ​the
y-intercept.​ ​ ​Choose​ ​any​ ​values​ ​you’d​ ​like​ ​and​ ​plug​ ​them​ ​in.
● In​ ​the​ ​y-column​ ​of​ ​your​ ​table,​ ​enter​ ​a​ ​formula​ ​to​ ​calculate​ ​y​ ​using​ ​slope-intercept​ ​form.
Instead​ ​of​ ​typing​ ​in​ ​any​ ​numbers,​ ​use​ ​code​ ​to​ ​reference​ ​the​ ​cells​ ​where​ ​you’ve​ ​typed​ ​in
slope​ ​and​ ​intercept.
Try​ ​it​ ​out,​ ​does​ ​the
number​ ​change​ ​if​ ​you
change​ ​your​ ​value​ ​of
slope​ ​and​ ​intercept?

● Drag​ ​the​ ​formula​ ​down​ ​through​ ​the​ ​entire​ ​y-column.​ ​ ​You’ll​ ​notice​ ​the​ ​column​ ​fills​ ​in​ ​with
zeros.​ ​ ​This​ ​is​ ​because​ ​the​ ​program​ ​adjusted​ ​the​ ​input​ ​cells​ ​in​ ​the​ ​formula​ ​as​ ​you
dragged​ ​it​ ​down.
○ Life​ ​Hack:​ ​if​ ​cell​ ​J17​ ​is​ ​part​ ​of​ ​a​ ​formula,​ ​it​ ​will​ ​change​ ​to​ ​J18,​ ​J19,​ ​J20​ ​etc​ ​as​ ​you
drag​ ​it​ ​down.​ ​ ​To​ ​tell​ ​the​ ​computer​ ​to​ ​keep​ ​that​ ​cell​ ​constant,​ ​lock​ ​it​ ​in​ ​using​ ​the
dollar​ ​sign:​ ​ ​$J$17​.​ ​ ​Now​ ​it​ ​will​ ​stay​ ​as​ ​J17​ ​in​ ​every​ ​formula.​ ​ ​Do​ ​this​ ​every​ ​time
you​ ​are​ ​setting​ ​up​ ​adjustable​ ​parameters​ ​for​ ​a​ ​formula.

● Create​ ​a​ ​line​ ​graph​ ​based​ ​on​ ​your​ ​table​ ​of​ ​values
Spreadsheet​ ​Workshop
● Double-click​ ​on​ ​your​ ​graph​ ​and​ ​to​ ​bring​ ​up​ ​the​ ​chart​ ​editor.​ ​ ​Select​ ​“Customize”​ ​→​ ​“axis”
● Set​ ​the​ ​domain​ ​to​ ​ − 10 ≤ x ≤ 10 ​ ​and​ ​the​ ​range​ ​to​ ​ − 10 ≤ y ≤ 10 .
● Change​ ​the​ ​values​ ​of​ ​slope​ ​and​ ​intercept​ ​you​ ​have​ ​entered.​ ​ ​Does​ ​it​ ​change​ ​the​ ​graph
accordingly?

● As​ ​you​ ​change​ ​the​ ​Slope​ ​and​ ​Intercept​ ​parameters,​ ​the​ ​graph​ ​window​ ​(minimum​ ​and
maximum​ ​values​ ​for​ ​x​ ​and​ ​y)​ ​probably​ ​keeps​ ​changing.​ ​ ​If​ ​you​ ​right-click​ ​on​ ​the​ ​graph,
you​ ​can​ ​edit​ ​all​ ​sorts​ ​of​ ​its​ ​properties​ ​and​ ​add​ ​titles,​ ​labels,​ ​or​ ​limit​ ​the​ ​window.

● Challenge​:​ ​Sometimes,​ ​linear​ ​equations​ ​come​ ​in​ ​the​ ​form​ ​ Ax + B y = C . ​ ​ ​Create​ ​a

program​ ​to​ ​graph​ ​the​ ​line​ ​where​ ​A,​ ​B,​ ​and​ ​C​ ​are​ ​the​ ​parameters.

● Before​ ​you​ ​move​ ​on,​ ​read​ ​the​ ​Completion​ ​Checklist​.

Spreadsheet​ ​Workshop
Part​ ​VI:​ ​Text​ ​and​ ​Conditionals

Goal​:​ ​In​ ​this​ ​stage,​ ​we’ll​ ​build​ ​an​ ​automatic​ ​invoice​ ​program​ ​for​ ​an​ ​automotive​ ​shop.

In​ ​addition​ ​to​ ​our​ ​normal​ ​math​ ​operations​ ​of​ ​+,​ ​-,​ ​*,​ ​and​ ​/,​ ​spreadsheets​ ​can​ ​do​ ​all​ ​sorts​ ​of
calculations.​ ​ ​We’ll​ ​use​ ​a​ ​few​ ​of​ ​those​ ​as​ ​we​ ​create​ ​an​ ​invoice​ ​program​ ​for​ ​a​ ​car​ ​repair​ ​garage.
Invoices​ ​are​ ​like​ ​receipts,​ ​but​ ​generally​ ​have​ ​more​ ​detail.​ ​ ​Create​ ​a​ ​table​ ​like​ ​the​ ​one​ ​below​ ​and
put​ ​borders​ ​around​ ​the​ ​headings.​ ​ ​Enter​ ​a​ ​few​ ​items​ ​that​ ​might​ ​be​ ​part​ ​of​ ​a​ ​car​ ​repair.

Shoot!​ ​ ​Our​ ​invoice​ ​needs​ ​to​ ​show​ ​some​ ​of​ ​our​ ​business​ ​information​ ​above​ ​the​ ​columns​ ​we
entered.​ ​ ​There​ ​are​ ​a​ ​couple​ ​ways​ ​we​ ​can​ ​deal​ ​with​ ​this.
● One​ ​is​ ​to​ ​copy​ ​all​ ​our​ ​work​ ​and​ ​paste​ ​it​ ​lower​ ​on​ ​the​ ​spreadsheet.
● Alternatively,​ ​highlight​ ​the​ ​top​ ​six​ ​rows.​ ​ ​Then​ ​go​ ​to​ ​>insert​ ​>​ ​insert​ ​6​ ​rows​ ​above.​ ​ ​Ta
Daaaa!
● You​ ​can​ ​also​ ​insert​ ​rows​ ​or​ ​columns​ ​by​ ​right-clicking​ ​on​ ​the​ ​number/letter​ ​labels​ ​around
the​ ​margins.

● In​ ​the​ ​‘cost’​ ​column,​ ​you​ ​really​ ​need​ ​a​ ​formula​ ​that​ ​determines​ ​how​ ​much​ ​all​ ​four​ ​of​ ​your
brake​ ​pads​ ​are​ ​going​ ​to​ ​cost.
● We​ ​also​ ​need​ ​a​ ​formula​ ​to
calculate​ ​tax.​ ​ ​But​ ​here’s​ ​the​ ​catch:
labor​ ​and​ ​parts​ ​are​ ​going​ ​to​ ​be
taxed​ ​at​ ​different​ ​rates​ ​for​ ​this
workshop.​ ​ ​Hmm,​ ​sounds​ ​like
those​ ​might​ ​be​ ​parameters….
Make​ ​a​ ​little​ ​table​ ​somewhere​ ​that
you​ ​can​ ​enter​ ​tax​ ​rates​ ​into.
● Since​ ​tax​ ​rates​ ​come​ ​as​ ​percents,
you​ ​can​ ​select​ ​the​ ​cell​ ​and​ ​click​ ​the
“format​ ​as​ ​percent”​ ​button​ ​to​ ​make
things​ ​look​ ​good.​ ​ ​You​ ​can​ ​also
Spreadsheet​ ​Workshop
format​ ​all​ ​monetary​ ​columns​ ​as​ ​currency.

Now,​ ​since​ ​we​ ​have​ ​two​ ​different​ ​tax​ ​rates,​ ​we​ ​need​ ​to​ ​have​ ​a​ ​way​ ​to​ ​distinguish​ ​between​ ​parts
and​ ​labor​ ​for​ ​each​ ​line​ ​item.​ ​ ​That’s​ ​what​ ​the​ ​“Type”​ ​column​ ​is​ ​for.​ ​ ​Right​ ​now,​ ​we’d​ ​have​ ​to​ ​type
in​ ​the​ ​word​ ​each​ ​time.​ ​ ​But​ ​we​ ​can​ ​create​ ​our​ ​own​ ​drop-down​ ​menus​ ​in​ ​the​ ​program.
● Click​ ​on​ ​the​ ​first​ ​cell​ ​in​ ​your​ ​“Type”
column.
● On​ ​the​ ​menu​ ​at​ ​the​ ​top,​ ​click​ ​on
Data​ ​>​ ​Validation.
● Work​ ​with​ ​the​ ​box​ ​that​ ​shows​ ​up​ ​to
create​ ​your​ ​drop-down​ ​menu.
● Right​ ​now,​ ​it’ll​ ​only​ ​place​ ​the​ ​menus
in​ ​the​ ​cells​ ​you​ ​have​ ​selected.​ ​ ​In
the​ ​box​ ​labeled​ ​“Cell​ ​Range”,
replace​ ​the​ ​single​ ​cell​ ​code​ ​with​ ​a
range​ ​of​ ​cells​ ​like​ ​E8:E13​​ ​instead
of​ ​just​ ​E8​.

Okay,​ ​now​ ​you​ ​can​ ​quickly​ ​assign​ ​a​ ​category​ ​to​ ​each​ ​line.
That’s​ ​important​ ​because​ ​we​ ​want​ ​to​ ​apply​ ​a​ ​different​ ​tax​ ​rate
depending​ ​on​ ​what​ ​shows​ ​up​ ​in​ ​the​ ​“Type”​ ​column.​ ​ ​Now​ ​for
your​ ​tax​ ​formula,​ ​we​ ​have​ ​to​ ​make​ ​that​ ​distinction.​ ​ ​Time​ ​for
the​ ​=IF()​ ​ ​function.
● In​ ​the​ ​first​ ​cell​ ​of​ ​your​ ​tax​ ​column,​ ​type​ ​“​=IF(​​ ​”
● If​ ​you​ ​move​ ​your​ ​cursor​ ​around​ ​in​ ​the​ ​cell,​ ​you​ ​might
be​ ​able​ ​to​ ​bring​ ​up​ ​a​ ​somewhat​ ​cryptic​ ​help​ ​guide​ ​like
in​ ​my​ ​picture.​ ​ ​Basically,​ ​this​ ​function​ ​involves​ ​three
elements​ ​separated​ ​by​ ​commas.​ ​ ​The​ ​first​ ​is​ ​the
condition.​ ​ ​Our​ ​condition​ ​is​ ​that​ ​the​ ​type​ ​of​ ​charge​ ​is
parts,​ ​so​ ​enter​ ​“​=IF(E8​ ​=​ ​“Parts”,​”.
● After​ ​the​ ​comma,​ ​tell​ ​the​ ​program​ ​what​ ​to​ ​do​ ​if​ ​the
charge​ ​type​ ​is,​ ​indeed,​ ​Parts.​ ​(​Hint:​ ​How​ ​do​ ​you​ ​calculate​ ​sales​ ​tax​ ​if​ ​you​ ​know​ ​the​ ​price​ ​and​ ​the​ ​percent?​)
Then​ ​add​ ​another​ ​comma.
● After​ ​this​ ​comma,​ ​tell​ ​the​ ​computer​ ​what​ ​to​ ​do​ ​if​ ​the​ ​charge​ ​type​ ​is​ ​NOT​ ​parts​ (​ if​ ​it’s​ ​not
parts,​ ​it’s​ ​probably​ ​labor,​ ​eh?)
● This​ ​step​ ​can​ ​be​ ​a​ ​little​ ​tricky,​ ​so​ ​just​ ​be​ ​patient​ ​and​ ​try​ ​a
few​ ​things​ ​to​ ​resolve​ ​errors.​ ​ ​In​ ​computer​ ​programming,​ ​a
single​ ​typo​ ​can​ ​make​ ​the​ ​whole​ ​program​ ​fail​ ​and​ ​bring​ ​up
error​ ​messages.

Okay,​ ​one​ ​final​ ​thing.​ ​ ​Our​ ​customers​ ​want​ ​to​ ​know​ ​how​ ​much​ ​they
have​ ​to​ ​pay.​ ​ ​Make​ ​space​ ​so​ ​that​ ​we​ ​could​ ​add​ ​up​ ​to​ ​10​ ​line​ ​items.
Then​ ​label​ ​another​ ​box​ ​below​ ​the​ ​totals​ ​column​ ​for​ ​the​ ​invoice​ ​total.
In​ ​that​ ​cell,​ ​use​ ​the​ ​=SUM()​ ​command,​ ​which​ ​will​ ​add​ ​all​ ​the​ ​values
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within​ ​a​ ​given​ ​range​ ​of​ ​cells.​ ​ ​Type​ ​in​​ ​=SUM(​,​ ​then​ ​tell​ ​the​ ​program​ ​which​ ​cells​ ​you​ ​want​ ​to​ ​add
up.

Awesome!​ ​ ​We​ ​just​ ​made​ ​a​ ​real​ ​tool​ ​that​ ​a​ ​real​ ​business​ ​could​ ​use​ ​to​ ​make​ ​their​ ​daily​ ​life
easier!​ ​ ​Try​ ​it​ ​out.​ ​ ​If​ ​you​ ​add​ ​another​ ​line​ ​item,​ ​does​ ​the​ ​total​ ​automatically​ ​update?​ ​ ​What​ ​if​ ​you
change​ ​an​ ​item​ ​from​ ​parts​ ​to​ ​labor?​ ​ ​What​ ​if​ ​you​ ​change​ ​the​ ​rate​ ​of​ ​sales​ ​tax?

Challenge​:​ ​Google​ ​Sheets​ ​has​ ​thousands​ ​of​ ​programmed​ ​functions​ ​in​ ​addition​ ​to​ ​SUM​ ​and​ ​IF.
Can​ ​you​ ​program​ ​a​ ​cell​ ​to​ ​calculate​ ​total​ ​tax?​ ​Find​ ​the​ ​most​ ​expensive​ ​item?​ ​ ​Find​ ​the​ ​average
cost​ ​of​ ​all​ ​Parts?​ ​ ​Total​ ​cost​ ​of​ ​Labor?

● Before​ ​you​ ​move​ ​on,​ ​read​ ​the​ ​Completion​ ​Checklist

Spreadsheet​ ​Workshop
Part​ ​VII:​ ​Formatting​ ​and​ ​Publishing

The​ ​goal​ ​today​ ​is​ ​to​ ​publish​ ​your​ ​spreadsheet​ ​on​ ​your​ ​DP​ ​as​ ​a​ ​public​ ​tool​ ​for​ ​people​ ​to​ ​use​ ​to
make​ ​calculations​ ​and​ ​adjust​ ​the​ ​linear​ ​graphs​ ​you​ ​have​ ​created.

This​ ​is​ ​a​ ​more​ ​open-ended​ ​element​ ​of​ ​our​ ​spreadsheet​ ​workshop.​ ​ ​Go​ ​through​ ​your​ ​sheets​ ​and
play​ ​around​ ​with​ ​some​ ​formatting​ ​options​ ​to​ ​make​ ​it​ ​visually​ ​attractive.​ ​ ​Here​ ​are​ ​some​ ​key
options:
● Borders​ ​around​ ​cells
● Number​ ​format:​ ​you​ ​can​ ​set​ ​cells​ ​to​ ​have​ ​a​ ​certain​ ​number​ ​of​ ​decimal​ ​places,​ ​or​ ​show
times,​ ​percentages,​ ​dollar​ ​amounts,​ ​dates,​ ​etc.
● Text​ ​formatting:​ ​font,​ ​color,​ ​centering
● merge​ ​cells:​ ​combine​ ​several​ ​cells​ ​into​ ​one​ ​for​ ​things​ ​like​ ​writing​ ​sentences​ ​or​ ​adding
titles​ ​to​ ​tables​ ​or​ ​graphs
● Fill​ ​color:​ ​use​ ​color​ ​in​ ​cells​ ​to​ ​highlight​ ​titles​ ​or​ ​bring​ ​attention​ ​to​ ​calculated​ ​values
● Conditional​ ​formatting:​ ​ ​This​ ​one​ ​is​ ​cool.​ ​ ​For​ ​cells​ ​where​ ​someone​ ​can​ ​enter​ ​a​ ​number
to​ ​make​ ​a​ ​calculation,​ ​you​ ​can​ ​have​ ​set​ ​it​ ​so​ ​if​ ​the​ ​cell​ ​is​ ​empty,​ ​it’s​ ​one​ ​color​ ​and​ ​if​ ​it’s
full,​ ​it’s​ ​another​ ​color,​ ​or​ ​if​ ​the​ ​value​ ​is​ ​negative,​ ​it’s​ ​another​ ​color.​ ​ ​Endless
possibilities……

With​ ​some​ ​creative​ ​formatting​ ​and​ ​a​ ​nice​ ​layout,​ ​you’re​ ​ready​ ​for​ ​publishing!​ ​ ​The​ ​software
allows​ ​you​ ​to​ ​have​ ​selective​ ​sharing​ ​settings,​ ​where​ ​people​ ​can​ ​edit​ ​some​ ​cells​ ​(like​ ​for​ ​formula
inputs)​ ​and​ ​not​ ​have​ ​permission​ ​to​ ​edit​ ​others​ ​(like​ ​where​ ​you’ve​ ​worked​ ​really​ ​hard​ ​at​ ​writing
formulas)
● Go​ ​to​ ​“Data”​ ​→​ ​“Protected​ ​Sheets​ ​and​ ​Ranges”​ ​to​ ​bring​ ​up​ ​the​ ​permissions​ ​sidebar
● Go​ ​to​ ​your​ ​sheet​ ​for​ ​stage​ ​II​ ​-​ ​Making​ ​calculations
Spreadsheet​ ​Workshop
● Click​ ​“+​ ​Add​ ​a​ ​Sheet​ ​or​ ​Range”
● Restrict​ ​editing​ ​so​ ​only​ ​you​ ​and​ ​your​ ​partner​ ​can​ ​edit​ ​this​ ​sheet
● Click​ ​the​ ​checkbox​ ​for​ ​“except​ ​certain​ ​cells”
● type​ ​in​ ​the​ ​ranges​ ​of​ ​cells​ ​you​ ​want​ ​others​ ​to​ ​be​ ​able​ ​to​ ​edit​ ​(the​ ​input​ ​cells​ ​for​ ​your
calculators).​ ​ ​If​ ​you​ ​want​ ​to​ ​just​ ​click​ ​on​ ​them,​ ​click​ ​on​ ​the​ ​little​ ​tic-tac-toe​ ​icon​ ​where
you’d​ ​otherwise​ ​enter​ ​cell​ ​names.

Do​ ​the​ ​same​ ​for​ ​all​ ​other​ ​sheets​ ​in​ ​your​ ​document,​ ​making​ ​it​ ​so​ ​no​ ​strangers​ ​can​ ​edit​ ​your
formulas.​ ​ ​Then​ ​go​ ​to​ ​sharing​ ​settings​ ​and​ ​select​ ​“anyone​ ​with​ ​the​ ​link​ ​can​ e
​ dit​”

● Before​ ​you​ ​move​ ​on,​ ​read​ ​the​ ​Completion​ ​Checklist

Congratulations!​ ​ ​You​ ​are​ ​now​ ​ready​ ​to​ ​share​ ​this​ ​product​ ​with​ ​the​ ​world​ ​on​ ​your​ ​digital
portfolio!
Spreadsheet​ ​Workshop
Part​ ​VIII:​ ​Coin​ ​Flip​ ​Analysis

In​ ​this​ ​exercise,​ ​you​ ​will​ ​be​ ​processing​ ​data​ ​that​ ​the​ ​whole​ ​class​ ​has​ ​generated.​ ​ ​On​ ​Dan’s​ ​DP,
you’ll​ ​find​ ​a​ ​link​ ​to​ ​a​ ​spreadsheet​​ ​where​ ​students​ ​have​ ​reported​ ​their​ ​results​ ​from​ ​flipping​ ​coins
and​ ​rolling​ ​dice.​ ​ ​You​ ​may​ ​have​ ​to​ ​wait​ ​for​ ​all​ ​the​ ​data​ ​to​ ​get​ ​entered,​ ​but​ ​you​ ​can​ ​still​ ​set​ ​up
your​ ​sheet​ ​for​ ​processing.​ ​ ​In​ ​a​ ​new​ ​sheet:

1. Create​ ​a​ ​table​ ​where​ ​you​ ​will​ ​post​ ​the

results​ ​of​ ​dice​ ​rolls

2. Create​ ​a​ ​table​ ​where​ ​you​ ​will​ ​post​ ​the

results​ ​of​ ​coin​ ​flips

3. Next​ ​to​ ​each​ ​data​ ​table,​ ​create​ ​another​ ​table​ ​where

you​ ​will​ ​analyze​ ​the​ ​data
● Minimum
● Maximum
● Average
● Frequency​ ​of​ ​each​ ​result

Now​ ​you​ ​have​ ​to​ ​analyze​ ​the​ ​data.​ ​ ​To​ ​find​ ​the​ ​minimum
number​ ​of​ ​times​ ​a​ ​given​ ​roll​ ​occurred,​ ​you​ ​could​ ​read
through​ ​every​ ​line​ ​of​ ​data.​ ​ ​But​ ​there’s​ ​a​ ​much​ ​easier​ ​way!

The​ ​formula​ ​“=MIN(......)”​ ​ ​will​ ​search​ ​out​ ​and​ ​report​ ​the

minimum​ ​value​ ​in​ ​the​ ​range​ ​of​ ​cells​ ​you​ ​put​ ​in​ ​the
parentheses.​ ​ ​If​ ​you​ ​type​ ​(A4,A20)​ ​*note​ ​they​ ​are​ ​separated
with​ ​a​ ​comma​,*​ ​then​ ​you​ ​will​ ​be​ ​only​ ​referencing​ ​those​ ​two
cells.

If​ ​you​ ​type​ ​(A4:A20)​ ​*note​ ​they​ ​are​ ​separated​ ​with​ ​a​ ​colon​,*​ ​then​ ​you​ ​will​ ​be​ ​referencing​ ​the
entire​ ​range​ ​of​ ​cells​ ​between​ ​A4​ ​and​ ​A20

Finally,​ ​the​ ​frequency​ ​table.​ ​ ​This​ ​is​ ​counting​ ​up​ ​the​ ​number​ ​of
times​ ​someone​ ​got​ ​each​ ​number​ ​of​ ​heads.​ ​ ​E.g.​ ​if​ ​14​ ​different
students​ ​got​ ​8​ ​heads,​ ​the​ ​number​ ​14​ ​would​ ​go​ ​next​ ​to​ ​the​ ​8.
This​ ​means​ ​you​ ​need​ ​to​ ​count​ ​up​ ​how​ ​many​ ​times​ ​the​ ​number​ ​8
occurs​ ​in​ ​our​ ​data​ ​set.​ ​ ​You’ll​ ​find​ ​the​ ​“=COUNTIF(​ ​__​ ​,​ ​__​ ​)”
formula​ ​to​ ​be​ ​particularly​ ​helpful.
Spreadsheet​ ​Workshop
Notice​ ​the​ ​comma​ ​in​ ​parentheses​ ​of​ ​the​ ​formula.​ ​ ​This​ ​means
there​ ​are​ ​two​ ​different​ ​pieces​ ​you​ ​need​ ​to​ ​put​ ​into​ ​the
formula.
● First,​ ​designate​ ​the​ ​range​ ​of​ ​cells​ ​you​ ​want​ ​to​ ​count
from.
● Second​ ​(after​ ​the​ ​comma),​ ​designate​ ​the​ ​value​ ​you
want​ ​to​ ​count.

Now​ ​highlight​ ​all​ ​the​ ​cells​ ​in​ ​your​ ​frequency​ ​table​ ​and​ ​make​ ​a
column​ ​chart.

If​ ​your​ ​experience​ ​is​ ​anything​ ​like​ ​mine​ ​was,​ ​you’ll​ ​get​ ​a
graph​ ​that​ ​doesn’t​ ​quite​ ​look​ ​like​ ​my​ ​example​ ​above.
You​ ​might​ ​get​ ​a​ ​second​ ​set​ ​of​ ​columns​ ​and​ ​no​ ​x-axis.
In​ ​the​ ​chart​ ​editor,​ ​you​ ​can​ ​go​ ​in​ ​and​ ​adjust​ ​the​ ​data
ranges​ ​and​ ​series​ ​sets.​ ​ ​Your​ ​x-axis​ ​should​ ​be​ ​the​ ​cells
with​ ​1-20​ ​in​ ​them.​ ​ ​Your​ ​data​ ​series​ ​should​ ​be​ ​cells
with​ ​actual​ ​frequencies.

● Before​ ​you​ ​move​ ​on,​ ​read​ ​the​ ​Completion

Checklist
Spreadsheet​ ​Workshop
Part​ ​IX:​ ​Dice​ ​Roll​ ​Statistics

Begin​ ​by​ ​finding​ ​the​ ​class’​ ​data​ ​from​ ​the

compiled​ ​data​ ​spreadsheet​.​ ​ ​You​ ​are​ ​looking
for​ ​frequency​ ​tables​ ​from​ ​fair​ ​dice,​ ​60-roll
trials​.​ ​ ​There​ ​should​ ​be​ ​lots​ ​of​ ​tables​ ​from
different​ ​groups,​ ​just​ ​copy​ ​and​ ​paste​ ​them​ ​to
your​ ​sheet.

For​ ​the​ ​calculations​ ​we​ ​are​ ​about​ ​to​ ​do,​ ​it’s

vital​ ​that​ ​every​ ​set​ ​of​ ​rolls​ ​was​ ​exactly​ ​60​ ​trials.​ ​ ​Instead​ ​of​ ​counting​ ​them​ ​all​ ​up​ ​by​ ​hand,​ ​let’s
make​ ​a​ ​program​ ​to​ ​do​ ​it.​ ​ ​Use​ ​the​ ​“=SUM(“​ ​function​ ​as​ ​shown​ ​above.​ ​ ​Drag​ ​this​ ​formula​ ​down
through​ ​the​ ​whole​ ​column.​ ​ ​Highlight​ ​it​ ​along​ ​with​ ​the​ ​5​ ​empty​ ​cells​ ​above​ ​it​ ​to​ ​show​ ​the
program​ ​what​ ​pattern​ ​to​ ​follow.

Now​ ​if​ ​the​ ​number​ ​60​ ​pops​ ​up,​ ​we​ ​know​ ​the
data​ ​is​ ​valid.​ ​ ​But​ ​we​ ​can​ ​set​ ​up​ ​a
color-coding​ ​program​ ​to​ ​make​ ​it​ ​even​ ​more
visible​ ​if​ ​there​ ​is​ ​an​ ​error.

Select​ ​the​ ​cell​ ​where​ ​you​ ​just​ ​used​ ​the

=SUM​ ​function​ ​and​ ​use​ ​the​ ​top​ ​menus​ ​to​ ​go
to​ ​format​ ​→​ ​conditional​ ​formatting.​ ​ ​That​ ​will
bring​ ​up​ ​the​ ​menu​ ​shown​ ​on​ ​the​ ​right.​ ​ ​You
can​ ​write​ ​codes​ ​that​ ​will​ ​color​ ​the​ ​cells
certain​ ​ways​ ​depending​ ​on​ ​the​ ​value​ ​in​ ​the
cell.​ ​ ​The​ ​rule​ ​I’ve​ ​show​ ​on​ ​the​ ​right​ ​will​ ​color
the​ ​cell​ ​green​ ​if​ ​(and​ ​only​ ​if)​ ​the​ ​sum​ ​of​ ​all
frequencies​ ​is​ ​60.

You​ ​are​ ​going​ ​to​ ​write​ ​three​ ​rules​ ​and​ ​have

them​ ​all​ ​apply​ ​to​ ​the​ ​entire​ ​column.​ ​(Note*​ ​my
example​ ​is​ ​in​ ​column​ ​O,​ ​yours​ ​is​ ​likely​ ​in​ ​a
different​ ​column.)

Rule​ ​1:​ ​If​ ​the​ ​cell​ ​is​ ​empty,​ ​no​ ​fill​ ​color
Rule​ ​2:​ ​If​ ​the​ ​value​ ​is​ ​equal​ ​to​ ​60,​ ​color​ ​the
cell​ ​(whatever​ ​color​ ​you​ ​like)
Rule​ ​3:​ ​If​ ​the​ ​value​ ​is​ ​not​ ​equal​ ​to​ ​60,​ ​color
the​ ​cells​ ​(whatever​ ​color​ ​you​ ​don’t​ ​like)

Now​ ​you​ ​should​ ​be​ ​able​ ​to​ ​cruise​ ​through​ ​the

data​ ​and​ ​quickly​ ​identify​ ​any​ ​of​ ​them​ ​that
don’t​ ​meet​ ​the​ ​code​ ​of​ ​60​ ​rolls.
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Fixing​ ​the​ ​Data

Some​ ​of​ ​the​ ​groups​ ​accidentally​ ​rolled​ ​more​ ​or​ ​less​ ​than​ ​60​ ​times.​ ​ ​It’s​ ​now​ ​very​ ​easy​ ​to​ ​find
those​ ​flawed​ ​data​ ​sets.​ ​ ​For​ ​each​ ​one,​ ​fix​ ​them​ ​to​ ​represent​ ​60​ ​rolls.​ ​ ​It’s​ ​critical​ ​that​ ​you​ ​do​ ​this
randomly!!!

Roll​ ​a​ ​fair​ ​die.​ ​ ​Whatever​ ​you​ ​roll,​ ​add​ ​or​ ​subtract​ ​one​ ​of​ ​that​ ​number​ ​to​ ​even​ ​out​ ​the​ ​set.​ ​ ​For
example,​ ​if​ ​a​ ​set​ ​of​ ​rolls​ ​adds​ ​up​ ​to​ ​61​ ​total,​ ​roll​ ​the​ ​die.​ ​ ​If​ ​you​ ​get​ ​a​ ​4,​ ​subtract​ ​one​ ​roll​ ​from​ ​the
4s​ ​column.

Once​ ​you​ ​have​ ​balanced​ ​out​ ​all​ ​of​ ​the​ ​data,​ ​it’s​ ​time​ ​to
make​ ​some​ ​calculations,​ ​starting​ ​with​ ​average​ ​value.​ ​ ​You’ll
recall​ ​that​ ​to​ ​calculate​ ​the​ ​average,​ ​you​ ​add​ ​up​ ​all​ ​the
values,​ ​then​ ​divide​ ​it​ ​by​ ​the​ ​number​ ​of​ ​values​ ​you​ ​had.

Let’s​ ​do​ ​some​ ​programming.

First,​ ​create​ ​a​ ​little​ ​statistics​ ​table​ ​like​ ​the​ ​one​ ​above.​ ​ ​To​ ​find​ ​the​ ​total​ ​number​ ​of​ ​entries,​ ​use
the​ ​=COUNT(​ ​function.​ ​ ​To​ ​find​ ​the​ ​total​ ​of​ ​all​ ​entries,​ ​use​ ​the​ ​=SUM​ ​function.​ ​ ​Divide​ ​the​ ​two​ ​to
find​ ​you​ ​average.

Now,​ ​just​ ​to​ ​double​ ​check​ ​that​ ​you​ ​set​ ​things​ ​up
right,​ ​let’s​ ​have​ ​the​ ​spreadsheet​ ​calculate​ ​the
average​ ​for​ ​us​ ​more​ ​quickly.​ ​ ​Make​ ​a​ ​fourth​ ​row
as​ ​shown​ ​to​ ​the​ ​right,​ ​and​ ​use​ ​the​ ​=AVERAGE(
function.​ ​ ​The​ ​result​ ​should​ ​match​ ​your
calculation.

Remember​ ​that​ ​column​ ​with​ ​all​ ​the​ ​color-coded​ ​60s?​ ​ ​Right​ ​click​ ​on​ ​that​ ​column​ ​and​ ​select
“hide​ ​column.”​ ​ ​We​ ​don’t​ ​want​ ​to​ ​delete​ ​it,​ ​but​ ​it’s​ ​only​ ​getting​ ​in​ ​our​ ​way​ ​now.

Now​ ​we​ ​are​ ​going​ ​to​ ​calculate​ ​standard​ ​deviation.​ ​ ​You’ve​ ​read​ ​about​ ​this​ ​statistic,​ ​but​ ​may​ ​not
have​ ​ever​ ​calculated​ ​it.​ ​ ​It’s​ ​quite​ ​tedious​ ​to​ ​do​ ​by​ ​hand,​ ​but​ ​the​ ​computer​ ​makes​ ​it​ ​easy.​ ​ ​The
steps​ ​are​ ​as​ ​follows:

1) Find​ ​the​ ​average​ ​value

2) For​ ​each​ ​value​ ​(yes,​ ​all​ ​200​ ​of​ ​them),​ ​find​ ​out​ ​their​ ​difference​ ​from​ ​the​ ​average.
3) Square​ ​each​ ​difference
4) Find​ ​the​ ​average​ ​of​ ​all​ ​the​ ​squared​ ​differences
5) Take​ ​the​ ​square​ ​root​ ​of​ ​this​ ​average

Steps​ ​2​ ​and​ ​3​ ​need​ ​to​ ​be​ ​done​ ​to​ ​each​ ​value,​ ​so​ ​they​ ​need​ ​entire​ ​columns:
Spreadsheet​ ​Workshop

Again,​ ​drag​ ​these​ ​formulas​ ​through​ ​the​ ​entire​ ​column.

The​ ​next​ ​two​ ​pieces​ ​can​ ​be​ ​calculated​ ​in​ ​single​ ​cells​ ​up
top.​ ​ ​Remember,​ ​you​ ​can​ ​use​ ​the​ ​=AVERAGE​ ​formula.
Remember​ ​the​ ​standard​ ​deviation​ ​is​ ​the​ ​square​ ​root​ ​of​ ​the
average​ ​of​ ​squares​ ​value.

Just​ ​like​ ​=AVERAGE,​ ​there’s​ ​a​ ​formula​ ​for​ ​standard

deviation.​ ​ ​In​ ​another​ ​cell,​ ​use​ ​“=STDEV”​ ​to​ ​check
your​ ​work.​ ​ ​Is​ ​there​ ​a​ ​difference?​ ​ ​Is​ ​the​ ​error
acceptable?

Final​ ​task:​ ​Use​ ​the​ ​spreadsheet​ ​to​ ​calculate​ ​the​ ​Chi-Squared​ ​value​ ​for​ ​each​ ​set​ ​of​ ​60​ ​rolls

By​ ​now​ ​you​ ​have​ ​all​ ​the​ ​skills​ ​necessary​ ​to​ ​do​ ​this
calculation​ ​quickly​ ​with​ ​spreadsheet​ ​formulas.

Challenge​ ​extension​:​ ​determine​ ​and​ ​graph​ ​the

distribution​ ​of​ ​chi-squared​ ​values​ ​for​ ​the​ ​dice​ ​rolls

● Before​ ​you​ ​move​ ​on,​ ​read​ ​the​ ​Completion

Checklist
Spreadsheet​ ​Workshop
Optional​ ​Challenges:

Is​ ​this​ ​all​ ​pretty​ ​easy​ ​for​ ​you?​ ​ ​Try​ ​a​ ​mini-project​ ​and​ ​use​ ​Sheets​ ​to​ ​make​ ​a​ ​functioning
spreadsheet​ ​tool.​ ​ ​Here​ ​are​ ​some​ ​ideas​ ​of​ ​things​ ​you​ ​might​ ​try​ ​making.

Multiplication​ ​table​ ​(yes,​ ​like​ ​the​ ​one​ ​you​ ​used​ ​in​ ​3rd​ ​grade​ ​math)
Color-coded​ ​chart​ ​of​ ​bicycle​ ​gear​ ​ratios
Car​ ​loan​ ​calculator
Quadratic​ ​Equation​ ​solver
Trip​ ​planner​ ​for​ ​hiking/biking/skiing​ ​trips​ ​w/​ ​distance​ ​and​ ​elevation​ ​info!
Create​ ​an​ ​invoice​ ​for​ ​a​ ​business
Create​ ​a​ ​pay-stub​ ​program
Unit​ ​conversion​ ​calculators
Gradebook
Filter​ ​survey​ ​results​ ​to​ ​give​ ​you​ ​the​ ​information​ ​you​ ​really​ ​want
Law​ ​of​ ​Sines/cosines​ ​Solver
Financial​ ​tracker/personal​ ​budget​ ​tool
Cost​ ​splitter​ ​for​ ​group​ ​expenses

Extension​ ​example:​ ​Interest-earning​ ​accounts

The​ ​key​ ​idea​ ​here​ ​is​ ​that​ ​interest​ ​paid​ ​by​ ​the​ ​bank​ ​will​ ​immediately​ ​be​ ​deposited​ ​into​ ​the
account.​ ​ ​If​ ​you​ ​don’t​ ​withdraw​ ​any​ ​money,​ ​then​ ​you’ll​ ​have​ ​more​ ​money​ ​the​ ​next​ ​year,​ ​and
therefore​ ​earn​ ​more​ ​interest.​ ​ ​The​ ​interest​ ​payments​ ​will​ ​increase​ ​each​ ​year!

The​ ​goal​ ​with​ ​this​ ​portion​ ​is​ ​to​ ​create​ ​a​ ​tool​ ​that​ ​will​ ​calculate​ ​the​ ​amount​ ​of​ ​money​ ​in​ ​an
interest-earning​ ​account​ ​after​ ​a​ ​given​ ​period​ ​of​ ​time.​ ​ ​There​ ​are​ ​three​ ​main​ ​factors​ ​that​ ​will
affect​ ​the​ ​final​ ​result:
● Initial​ ​investment
● interest​ ​rate
● Time​ ​(how​ ​long​ ​the​ ​account​ ​sits​ ​for)

We​ ​will​ ​be​ ​able​ ​to​ ​see​ ​the​ ​effect​ ​year-to-year​ ​by​ ​having​ ​each​ ​row​ ​of​ ​a​ ​table​ ​represent
successive​ ​years.

We​ ​want​ ​to​ ​be​ ​able​ ​to​ ​easily​ ​adjust​ ​the​ ​values​ ​for​ ​initial​ ​investment​ ​and​ ​interest​ ​rates,​ ​so​ ​make
a​ ​small​ ​table​ ​off​ ​to​ ​the​ ​side​ ​where​ ​you​ ​can​ ​set​ ​those​ ​parameters.

For​ ​your​ ​main​ ​calculated​ ​columns,​ ​create​ ​a​ ​table​ ​the​ ​the​ ​following​ ​headings:
● Year Starting​ ​Amount Interest​ ​Earned Final​ ​Amount
Spreadsheet​ ​Workshop

Play​ ​around​ ​with​ ​figuring​ ​out​ ​how​ ​to​ ​set​ ​up​ ​your​ ​formulas​ ​so​ ​the​ ​spreadsheet​ ​does​ ​all​ ​the
calculations​ ​for​ ​you.​ ​ ​You​ ​can​ ​use​ ​the​ ​image​ ​above​ ​to​ ​make​ ​sure​ ​your​ ​formulas​ ​are​ ​cranking​ ​out
the​ ​correct​ ​numbers.

● Pro-Tip:​ ​ ​Remember​ ​that​ ​to​ ​hold​ ​a​ ​particular​ ​cell​ ​as​ ​part​ ​of​ ​the​ ​formula​ ​when​ ​you​ ​drag​ ​it
down,​ ​use​ ​the​ ​dollar​ ​sign​ ​($)​ ​in​ ​the​ ​formula.​ ​ ​Notice​ ​the​ ​way​ ​I’ve​ ​entered​ ​the​ ​formula​ ​in
cell​ ​C2​ ​above.

Now​ ​to​ ​make​ ​this​ ​more​ ​realistic:

Banks​ ​don’t​ ​just​ ​pay​ ​out​ ​interest​ ​at​ ​the​ ​end​ ​of​ ​the​ ​year,​ ​they​ ​pay​ ​it​ ​each​ ​month.​ ​ ​But​ ​they
only​ ​pay​ ​a​ ​portion​ ​of​ ​the​ ​annual​ ​interest.​ ​ ​It’s​ ​called​ ​compounding​ ​interest.

If​ ​the​ ​annual​ ​interest​ ​rate​ ​is​ ​4%,​ ​how​ ​much​ ​would​ ​it​ ​make​ ​sense​ ​for​ ​the​ ​bank​ ​to​ ​pay​ ​each
month?

Expand​ ​your​ ​parameter​ ​table​ ​to​ ​include​ ​“​number​ ​of​ ​payments​ ​each​ ​year​”​ ​and​ ​“​compounded
interest​ ​rate​”

Re-title​ ​your​ ​“​year​”​ ​column​ ​“​number​ ​of​ ​payment​ ​cycles​”

Adjust​ ​the​ ​formula​ ​in​ ​your​ ​“​interest​”​ ​column​ ​to​ ​calculate​ ​interest​ ​based​ ​on​ ​the​ ​compounded
rate,​ ​instead​ ​of​ ​the​ ​annual​ ​rate.​ ​ ​Use​ ​the​ ​example​ ​below​ ​to​ ​make​ ​sure​ ​your​ ​formulas​ ​are
working​ ​correctly.
Spreadsheet​ ​Workshop

This​ ​is​ ​cool.​ ​ ​Now​ ​you​ ​have​ ​a​ ​great​ ​tool​ ​for​ ​watching​ ​your​ ​money​ ​grow​ ​in​ ​the​ ​bank!
Spreadsheet​ ​Workshop
Completion​ ​Checklist

❏ Overall
❏ All​ ​exercises​ ​completed​ ​in​ ​a​ ​separate​ ​tab​ ​with​ ​a​ ​title
❏ Every​ ​sheet​ ​uses​ ​a​ ​layout​ ​that​ ​makes​ ​sense​ ​and​ ​is​ ​visually​ ​interesting
❏ Part​ ​I:​ ​Temperature​ ​Graphs
❏ Data​ ​table​ ​with​ ​column​ ​headings
❏ 4​ ​different​ ​types​ ​of​ ​graphs​ ​to​ ​represent​ ​the​ ​data
❏ Statements​ ​below​ ​each​ ​graph
❏ Use​ ​“merge​ ​cells”​ ​and​ ​“wrap​ ​text”​ ​to​ ​make​ ​the​ ​statements​ ​fit​ ​in​ ​an​ ​attractive
space
❏ Part​ ​II:​ ​Making​ ​Calculations
❏ Use​ ​formulas​ ​that​ ​feed​ ​numbers​ ​from​ ​other​ ​cells​ ​to​ ​calculate
❏ Have​ ​a​ ​layout​ ​with​ ​labels​ ​that​ ​make​ ​it​ ​clear​ ​what​ ​values​ ​represent
❏ Part​ ​III:​ ​Special​ ​Calculators
❏ Use​ ​formulas​ ​that​ ​feed​ ​numbers​ ​from​ ​other​ ​cells​ ​to​ ​calculate
❏ Have​ ​a​ ​layout​ ​with​ ​labels​ ​that​ ​make​ ​it​ ​clear​ ​what​ ​values​ ​represent
❏ Column​ ​headers​ ​include​ ​a​ ​description​ ​and​ ​units
❏ At​ ​least​ ​3​ ​different​ ​calculators​ ​that​ ​turn​ ​out​ ​correct​ ​values
❏ Part​ ​IV:​ ​Graphing​ ​a​ ​Function
❏ Line​ ​graph​ ​that​ ​plots​ ​your​ ​function
❏ X-Y​ ​table​ ​with​ ​x-values​ ​from​ ​-5​ ​to​ ​5
❏ Y-column​ ​uses​ ​a​ ​formula​ ​with​ ​X-column​ ​as​ ​inputs
❏ Y-column​ ​goes​ ​to​ ​two​ ​decimal​ ​places
❏ Part​ ​V:​ ​Tweaking​ ​a​ ​Function
❏ X-Y​ ​table​ ​going​ ​from​ ​-10​ ​to​ ​10
❏ Parameters​ ​in​ ​separate​ ​table​ ​with​ ​slope​ ​and​ ​intercept
❏ Formulas​ ​in​ ​y-column​ ​that​ ​use​ ​the​ ​$​ ​to​ ​designate​ ​parameters
❏ The​ ​axes​ ​of​ ​your​ ​graph​ ​stay​ ​from​ ​-10​ ​to​ ​10​ ​for​ ​all​ ​slopes​ ​and​ ​intercepts
❏ Part​ ​VI:​ ​Conditional​ ​Invoice
❏ Labor​ ​vs.​ ​parts​ ​tax​ ​rates​ ​declared​ ​in​ ​a​ ​parameters​ ​table
❏ Drop-down​ ​menu​ ​to​ ​select​ ​parts​ ​vs.​ ​labor
❏ Conditional​ ​formula​ ​to​ ​calculate​ ​the​ ​proper​ ​tax​ ​rate
❏ All​ ​costs​ ​get​ ​added​ ​up​ ​properly​ ​into​ ​a​ ​single​ ​invoice​ ​total
❏ Part​ ​VIII:​ ​Coin​ ​Flip​ ​Analysis
❏ One​ ​column​ ​with​ ​all​ ​the​ ​data​ ​(#​ ​of​ ​heads​ ​out​ ​of​ ​20​ ​flips)
❏ Stat​ ​table​ ​displaying​ ​minimum,​ ​maximum,​ ​and​ ​average​ ​number​ ​of​ ​heads
❏ Frequency​ ​table​ ​showing​ ​how​ ​many​ ​times​ ​each​ ​number​ ​of​ ​heads​ ​occurred​ ​(0-20)
❏ Column​ ​chart​ ​based​ ​on​ ​the​ ​frequency​ ​table
❏ Part​ ​IX:
❏ Conditional​ ​formatting​ ​to​ ​color​ ​code​ ​sums​ ​of​ ​60
❏ Average​ ​frequency​ ​calculated​ ​by​ ​dividing​ ​and​ ​by​ ​=AVERAGE​ ​function
❏ Standard​ ​deviation​ ​calculated​ ​the​ ​long​ ​way​ ​and​ ​by​ ​using​ ​=STDEV​ ​function
❏ Chi-squared​ ​values​ ​calculated​ ​and​ ​added​ ​up​ ​for​ ​all​ ​sets​ ​of​ ​60​ ​rolls