.

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Configuring Cisco Easy VPN with IPSec Dynamic Virtual Tunnel

Interface (DVTI)
®
This document provides a sample configuration for enhanced Cisco Easy VPN Server and Easy VPN
Remote configuration using the IPSec Dynamic Virtual Tunnel Interface (DVTI). Cisco Easy VPN Remote
is configured with User Extension Mode and is assigned a dynamic IP address from the Easy VPN Server.
Cisco Easy VPN with DVTI configuration provides a routable interface for forwarding traffic based on IP
routing tables. Cisco Easy VPN uses a virtual access interface, which is created during the initial
configuration. The VPN traffic is forwarded to the virtual access interface for encryption and then sent out
of the physical interface. This sample configuration also demonstrates the use of quality of service (QoS)
with virtual tunnel interfaces.

Figure 1 shows the sample configuration.

Figure 1. Cisco Easy VPN Configuration with IPSec DVTI

Cisco Easy VPN with DVTI

Cisco DVTI is a new method that can be used by customers with Cisco Easy VPN for both the Server and Remote
configuration. The tunnels provide an on-demand separate virtual access interface for each Easy VPN connection.
The configuration of the virtual access interfaces is cloned from a virtual template configuration, which includes the
®
IPSec configuration and any Cisco IOS Software feature configured on the virtual template interface, such as QoS,
NetFlow, or access control lists (ACLs).

With IPSec DVTIs and Cisco Easy VPN, users can provide highly secure connectivity for remote-access VPNs that
can be combined with Cisco AVVID (Architecture for Voice, Video and Integrated Data) to deliver converged voice,
video, and data over IP networks.

© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 1 of 14
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Benefits
● Simplifies Management: Customers can use the Cisco IOS virtual template to clone, on demand, new virtual
access interfaces for IPSec, thus simplifying VPN configuration complexity, which translates into reduced
costs. In addition, existing management applications now can monitor separate interfaces for different sites
for monitoring purposes.
● Provides a Routable Interface: Cisco IPSec VTIs can support all types of IP routing protocols. Customers
can use these capabilities to connect larger office environments, such as branch offices.
● Improves Scaling: IPSec VTIs use single security associations per site, which cover different types of traffic,
enabling improved scaling.
● Offers Flexibility in Defining Features: An IPSec VTI is an encapsulation within its own interface. This
offers flexibility of defining features for clear-text traffic on IPSec VTIs, and defining features for encrypted
traffic on physical interfaces.

Configuration Summary
The Cisco Easy VPN with DVTI configuration provides a routable interface to selectively send traffic to different
destinations, such as an Easy VPN concentrator, a different site-to-site peer, or the Internet. IPSec DVTI
configuration does not require a static mapping of IPSec sessions to a physical interface. This allows for the flexibility
of sending and receiving encrypted traffic on any physical interface, such as in the case of multiple paths. Traffic is
encrypted when it is forwarded from or to the tunnel interface.

The traffic is forwarded to or from the tunnel interface by virtue of the IP routing table. Routes are dynamically
learned during Internet Key Exchange (IKE) Mode Configuration and inserted into the routing table pointing to the
DVTI. Dynamic IP routing can be used to propagate routes across the VPN. Using IP routing to forward the traffic to
encryption simplifies the IPSec VPN configuration when compared with using ACLs with the crypto map in native
IPSec configuration.

Before Cisco IOS Release 12.4(2)T, at the tunnel-up/tunnel-down transition, attributes that were pushed during the
mode configuration had to be parsed and applied. When such attributes resulted in the configurations being applied
on the interface, the existing configuration had to be overridden. With the Dynamic Virtual Tunnel Interface Support
feature, the tunnel-up configuration can be applied to separate interfaces, making it easier to support separate
features at tunnel-up time. Features that are applied to the traffic (before encryption) going into the tunnel can be
separate from the features that are applied to traffic that is not going through the tunnel (for example, split-tunnel
traffic and traffic leaving the device when the tunnel is not up).

When the Easy VPN negotiation is successful, the line protocol state of the virtual access interface gets changed to
up. When the Easy VPN tunnel goes down because the security association expires or is deleted, the line protocol
state of the virtual access interface changes to down.

The routing tables act as traffic selectors in an Easy VPN virtual interface configuration—that is, the routes replace
the access list on the crypto map. In a virtual interface configuration, Easy VPN negotiates a single IPSec security
association if the Easy VPN Server has been configured with an IPSec DVTI. This single security association is
created regardless of the Easy VPN mode that is configured.

After the security association is established, routes that point to the virtual access interface are added to direct traffic
to the corporate network. Easy VPN also adds a route to the VPN concentrator so that IPSec-encapsulated packets
get routed to the corporate network. A default route that points to the virtual access interface is added in the case of
a nonsplit mode. When the Easy VPN server “pushes” the split tunnel, the split tunnel subnet becomes the
destination to which the routes that point to the virtual access are added. In either case, if the peer (VPN
concentrator) is not directly connected, Easy VPN adds a route to the peer.

© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 2 of 14
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Note: Most routers that run the Cisco Easy VPN Client software have a default route configured. The default route
that is configured must have a metric value greater than 1—Easy VPN adds a default route that has a metric value of
1. The route points to the virtual access interface so that all traffic is directed to the corporate network when the
concentrator does not “push” the split tunnel attribute.

QoS can be used to improve the performance of different applications across the network. In this configuration,
traffic shaping is used between the two sites to limit the total amount of traffic that should be transmitted between the
sites. Additionally, the QoS configuration can support any combination of QoS features offered in Cisco IOS
Software, to support any of the voice, video, or data applications.

A link to more information about IPSec DVTI is provided in the Related Information section of this document.

Note: The QoS configuration in this guide is for demonstration only. It is expected that the VTI scalability results
will be similar to the p2p GRE over IPsec. For scaling and performance considerations please contact your Cisco
representative. for additional information, check the Virtual Tunnel Interface (VTI) Design guide:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/technologies/tk583/tk372/technologies_white_paper0900aecd8029d629_ps6635_Produ
cts_White_Paper.html

Limitations
This guide provides a sample of Easy VPN configuration with DVTI configuration only. It does not cover the following
configurations:

● Full security audit on the router. It is recommended that users run a Cisco Router and Security Device
Manager (SDM) security audit in Wizard Mode to lock down and secure the router.
● An initial router configuration step is not shown in the steps. The full configuration is shown in the following
section.
● This configuration guide enables split tunneling. The split tunneling is enabled on the hub by the ACL 101
command under the crypto isakmp client configuration mode. To disable the split tunneling on the remote,
remove the ACL command from the Easy VPN Server. The spoke is configured with Port Address Translation
(PAT) to provide connectivity over the Internet.
● This configuration uses User Extension Mode. For details on configuring this mode, please review Cisco Easy
VPN Remote or Server documentations.
● This configuration does not include multicast.

Restrictions
DVTI is only supported in the context of Enhanced Easy VPN. Routing with DVTIs is not supported or recommended.
A DVTI interface on the headend router cannot terminate on an SVTI interface on the remote peer. An SVTI interface
can only terminate on another SVTI interface.

Components Used
The sample configuration uses the following releases of the software and hardware:

● Cisco IOS Software, 3700 Software (C3745-ADVSECURITYK9-M), Release 12.4(2)T

● Cisco IOS Software, C831 Software (C831-K9O3SY6-M), Release 12.4(4)T
● Cisco IOS Software, C1700 Software (C1700-K9O3SV8Y7-M), Release 12.3(11)T3

© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 3 of 14
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The information presented in this document was created from devices in a specific lab environment. All of the
devices started with a cleared (default) configuration. If you are working in a live network, it is imperative to
understand the potential impact of any command before implementing it.

Router Configuration

C3725 Easy VPN Hub Router Configuration

version 12.4

hostname c3725-21

aaa new-model

aaa authentication login default local

aaa authorization network default local

aaa session-id common

resource policy

ip subnet-zero

ip cef

username cisco privilege 15 password 0 cisco

policy-map FOO

class class-default

shape average 1280000

crypto isakmp policy 1

encr 3des

authentication pre-share

group 2

crypto isakmp key cisco123 address 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0

crypto isakmp keepalive 10

crypto isakmp client configuration group cisco

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key cisco

dns 6.0.0.2

wins 7.0.0.1

domain cisco.com

pool dpool

acl 101

crypto isakmp profile vi

match identity group cisco

isakmp authorization list default

client configuration address respond

virtual-template 1

crypto ipsec transform-set set esp-3des esp-sha-hmac

crypto ipsec profile vi

set transform-set set

set isakmp-profile vi

interface FastEthernet0/0

ip address 10.0.149.221 255.255.255.0

duplex auto

speed auto

interface FastEthernet0/1

ip address 192.168.20.21 255.255.255.0

duplex auto

speed 100

interface Virtual-Template1 type tunnel

ip unnumbered FastEthernet0/0

tunnel source FastEthernet0/0

tunnel mode ipsec ipv4

tunnel protection ipsec profile vi

service-policy output FOO

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router eigrp 1

network 192.168.1.0

network 192.168.20.0

no auto-summary

ip local pool dpool 5.0.0.1 5.0.0.3

ip classless

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.149.207

access-list 101 permit ip 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 any

control-plane

end

C831 Spoke Router with DVTI Configuration

C1751 Spoke Router with Traditional Easy VPN Configuration

version 12.3

hostname c1751-16

enable password lab

username cisco privilege 15 password 0 cisco

no aaa new-model

ip subnet-zero

ip cef

ip domain name cisco.com

crypto isakmp policy 1

encr 3des

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authentication pre-share

group 2

crypto isakmp key cisco123 address 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0

crypto isakmp keepalive 10

crypto ipsec client ezvpn ez

connect manual

group cisco key cisco

local-address FastEthernet0/0

mode client

peer 10.0.149.221

interface Loopback0

ip address 5.0.0.3 255.255.255.255

interface Ethernet0/0

ip address 192.168.16.1 255.255.255.0

half-duplex

crypto ipsec client ezvpn ez inside

interface FastEthernet0/0

description $ETH-LAN$$ETH-SW-LAUNCH$

ip address dhcp

speed 100

full-duplex

crypto ipsec client ezvpn ez

ip classless

ip route 10.0.149.0 255.255.255.0 dhcp

end

Verifying the Results

This section provides information you can use to confirm that your configuration is working properly.

Verifying the C3725 Router with Virtual Tunnel Status

c3725-21#show crypto session detail

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Crypto session current status

Code: C - IKE Configuration mode, D - Dead Peer Detection

K - Keepalives, N - NAT-traversal, X - IKE Extended Authentication

Interface: Virtual-Access4

Session status: UP-ACTIVE

Peer: 10.0.150.8 port 500 fvrf: (none) ivrf: (none)

Phase1_id: cisco

Desc: (none)

IKE SA: local 10.0.149.221/500 remote 10.0.150.8/500 Active

Capabilities:CD connid:1114 lifetime:21:36:30

IPSEC FLOW: permit ip 192.168.20.0/255.255.255.0 host 5.0.0.1

Active SAs: 2, origin: crypto map

Inbound: #pkts dec'ed 9 drop 0 life (KB/Sec) 4599662/3571

Outbound: #pkts enc'ed 9 drop 0 life (KB/Sec) 4599662/3571

Interface: Virtual-Access2

Session status: UP-ACTIVE

Peer: 10.0.150.7 port 500 fvrf: (none) ivrf: (none)

Phase1_id: cisco

Desc: (none)

IKE SA: local 10.0.149.221/500 remote 10.0.150.7/500 Active

Capabilities:CD connid:1117 lifetime:23:54:26

IPSEC FLOW: permit ip 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0

Active SAs: 2, origin: crypto map

Inbound: #pkts dec'ed 15 drop 0 life (KB/Sec) 4577539/3267

Outbound: #pkts enc'ed 15 drop 0 life (KB/Sec) 4577539/3267

c3725-21#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

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Gateway of last resort is 10.0.149.207 to network 0.0.0.0

5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 2 subnets

S 5.0.0.1 [1/0] via 0.0.0.0, Virtual-Access4

S 5.0.0.3 [1/0] via 0.0.0.0, Virtual-Access2

8.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 8.8.8.0 is directly connected, Loopback8

C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 10.0.149.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

D 192.168.2.0/24 [90/2818560] via 192.168.20.20, 6w0d, FastEthernet0/1

S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.0.149.207

c3725-21#show interface virtual-access 2

Virtual-Access2 is up, line protocol is up

Hardware is Virtual Access interface

Interface is unnumbered. Using address of FastEthernet0/0 (10.0.149.221)

MTU 1514 bytes, BW 9 Kbit, DLY 500000 usec,

reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255

Encapsulation TUNNEL

Tunnel vaccess, cloned from Virtual-Template1

Vaccess status 0x4, loopback not set

Keepalive not set

Tunnel source 10.0.149.221 (FastEthernet0/0), destination 10.0.150.7

Tunnel protocol/transport IPSEC/IP

Tunnel TTL 255

Fast tunneling enabled

Tunnel transmit bandwidth 8000 (kbps)

Tunnel receive bandwidth 8000 (kbps)

Tunnel protection via IPSec (profile "vi")

Last input never, output never, output hang never

Last clearing of "show interface" counters 01:52:19

Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0

Queueing strategy: fifo

Output queue: 0/0 (size/max)

5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

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5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

15 packets input, 1500 bytes, 0 no buffer

Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles

0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort

15 packets output, 1500 bytes, 0 underruns

0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets

0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

c3725-21#show policy-map interface virtual-2

Virtual-Access2

Service-policy output: FOO

Class-map: class-default (match-any)

15 packets, 1500 bytes

5 minute offered rate 0 bps, drop rate 0 bps

Match: any

Traffic Shaping

Target/Average Byte Sustain Excess Interval Increment

Rate Limit bits/int bits/int (ms) (bytes)

1280000/1280000 8000 32000 32000 25 4000

Adapt Queue Packets Bytes Packets Bytes Shaping

Active Depth Delayed Delayed Active

- 0 15 1500 0 0 no

Verifying the C831 Router with Virtual Tunnel Status

c831-27#crypto ipsec client ezvpn connect

EZVPN(ez): IPSec connection terminated

c831-27#

*Jul 17 20:37:37.772: %CRYPTO-6-

EZVPN_CONNECTION_DOWN: (Client) User= Group=cisco Server_public_addr=10.0.149.221

*Jul 17 20:37:38.840: %CRYPTO-6-EZVPN_CONNECTION_UP: (Client) User= Group=cisc

o Server_public_addr=10.0.149.221 Assigned_client_addr=5.0.0.3

*Jul 17 20:37:40.760: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Loopback0, changed state to up

*Jul 17 20:37:41.760: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0,

changed state to up

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c831-27#ping 192.168.20.21

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.20.21, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/8/8 ms

c831-27#show crypto session detail

Crypto session current status

Code: C - IKE Configuration mode, D - Dead Peer Detection

K - Keepalives, N - NAT-traversal, X - IKE Extended Authentication

Interface: Ethernet1

Session status: UP-ACTIVE

Peer: 10.0.149.221 port 500 fvrf: (none) ivrf: (none)

Phase1_id: 10.0.149.221

Desc: (none)

IKE SA: local 10.0.150.7/500 remote 10.0.149.221/500 Active

Capabilities:CD connid:3012 lifetime:23:58:43

IPSEC FLOW: permit ip 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0

Active SAs: 2, origin: crypto map

Inbound: #pkts dec'ed 5 drop 0 life (KB/Sec) 4456688/3567

Outbound: #pkts enc'ed 5 drop 0 life (KB/Sec) 4456688/3567

c831-27#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 10.0.150.207 to network 0.0.0.0

5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

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C 5.0.0.3 is directly connected, Loopback0

C 192.168.27.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0

S 192.168.20.0/24 [1/0] via 0.0.0.0, Virtual-Access2

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets

C 10.0.150.0 is directly connected, Ethernet1

S 10.0.149.0 [1/0] via 10.0.150.207

S* 0.0.0.0/0 [254/0] via 10.0.150.207

c831-27#show interface virtual-access 2

Virtual-Access2 is up, line protocol is up

Hardware is Virtual Access interface

Interface is unnumbered. Using address of Loopback0 (5.0.0.3)

MTU 1514 bytes, BW 9 Kbit, DLY 500000 usec,

reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255

Encapsulation TUNNEL

Tunnel vaccess, cloned from Virtual-Template1

Vaccess status 0x0, loopback not set

Keepalive not set

Tunnel source UNKNOWN, destination 10.0.149.221

Tunnel protocol/transport IPSEC/IP

Tunnel TTL 255

Fast tunneling enabled

Tunnel transmit bandwidth 8000 (kbps)

Tunnel receive bandwidth 8000 (kbps)

Last input never, output never, output hang never

Last clearing of "show interface" counters never

Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0

Queueing strategy: fifo

Output queue: 0/0 (size/max)

5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

2149 packets input, 214900 bytes, 0 no buffer

Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles

0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort

2150 packets output, 215000 bytes, 0 underruns

0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets

0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

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c831-27#show policy-map interface virtual-access 2

Virtual-Access2

Service-policy output: FOO

Class-map: class-default (match-any)

2140 packets, 214280 bytes

5 minute offered rate 0 bps, drop rate 0 bps

Match: any

Traffic Shaping

Target/Average Byte Sustain Excess Interval Increment

Rate Limit bits/int bits/int (ms) (bytes)

128000/128000 1984 7936 7936 62 992

Adapt Queue Packets Bytes Packets Bytes Shaping

Active Depth Delayed Delayed Active

- 0 2140 214000 0 0 no

c831-27#show ip nat statistics

Total active translations: 4 (0 static, 4 dynamic; 4 extended)

Outside interfaces:

Ethernet1, Virtual-Access2

Inside interfaces:

Ethernet0, Virtual-Template1

Hits: 307 Misses: 33

CEF Translated packets: 330, CEF Punted packets: 19

Expired translations: 28

Dynamic mappings:

-- Inside Source

[Id: 17] access-list internet-list interface Ethernet1 refcount 2

[Id: 16] access-list enterprise-list pool ez refcount 2

pool ez: netmask 255.255.255.0

start 5.0.0.3 end 5.0.0.3

type generic, total addresses 1, allocated 1 (100%), misses 0

Queued Packets: 0

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Related Information
● IPSec Support Page
● Cisco Easy VPN Remote
● Easy VPN Server
● IPSec Virtual Tunnel Interface
● Configuring IPSec Network Security
● Configuring Internet Key Exchange Security Protocol
● Command Lookup Tool (registered customers only)
● Technical Support—Cisco Systems

Printed in USA C11-539894-00 05/09

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