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Stability of Control Systems - GATE Study Material in PDF

Stability of Control Systems is the most important topics for GATE 2018 as direct questions are asked. Download these control system study notes in pdf format for free & boost up your preparation for the GATE Exam. Also these short GATE note will help in quick revision once you have cleared your concepts.

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Shrishanti Kale
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2K views6 pages

Stability of Control Systems - GATE Study Material in PDF

Stability of Control Systems is the most important topics for GATE 2018 as direct questions are asked. Download these control system study notes in pdf format for free & boost up your preparation for the GATE Exam. Also these short GATE note will help in quick revision once you have cleared your concepts.

Uploaded by

Shrishanti Kale
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Stability of Control Systems - GATE

Study Material in PDF


Now that we are done with the Basics of Control Systems and Signal Flow Graph and
Block Diagram Reduction Techniques, let us get to the next chapter – Stability of
Control Systems. In these free GATE Notes, we will deal with the Concept of
Stability for Linear Time Invariant (LTI) Systems. We discuss the conditions
that should be satisfied for a LTIsystem to be stable. This article deals with the Stability
of Control Systems and covers concepts like BIBO stability, Condition for
Stability, Marginal Stability, Asymptotic Stability, Conditional Stability,
Absolute Stability and Relative Stability
This GATE Study Material can be downloaded in PDF for revision and reference
later. These GATE notes are useful for GATE 2017, BSNL, BARC, DRDO, IES and
other exams.
Recommended Reading –

Laplace Transforms
Control Systems Sensitivity
Block Diagram Algebra
Signal Flow Graph

Concept of Stability for Control Systems


An LTI system is said to be stable if the below two conditions are being satisfied.
1. For bounded input, the system produces bounded output.
2. In the absence of input, the output tends towards zero irrespective of initial
conditions.This phenomenon is also known as asymptotic stability.
It can also be said as for input r(t) being |r(t)| ≤ M1< ∞; the output c(t) will be
|c(t)| ≤ M2 < ∞.

1|
C(s)
If C(s) = L�r(t)�, R(s) = L�r(t)� and = G(s),
R(s)
g(t)=L-1(G(s))is the response for given input. The nature of this response can be
gaugedfrom the poles of G(s) which are also known as the roots of the characteristic
equation.
1
For instance, if G(s) = , then g(t) = e−t . If we plot g(t) against t
s+1

As seen above, a pole in negative region leads to decaying response as shown. Due to
this,the system in question will be stable as per the definition of stability mentioned
previously.
1
Similarly, for G(s) = having root in positive region, g(t) =
s−1
t
e which is increasingexponential. This response is unbounded and hence the system in
this case is unstable.
If r(t)is Impulse, then R(s)=1, C(s)=G(s)can also be termed as impulse response.

2|
Now, the impulse response of system with respect to position of poles can be illustrated
as(‘X’ indicating as position of poles)

I)

II)

III)

3|
IV)

V)

VI)

4|
VII)

VIII)

For a single pair of roots on imaginary line, the system is Marginally Stable, which
means a slight disturbance can push it towards instability. For double pair of roots at
imaginary line, the system will be unstable. Similar case will be for a single root at origin
and a pair of roots at origin. As shown above, for the roots which are in negative s-plane
i.e. having negative real part the system will be stable. On the other hand, roots having
positive real part constitute for an unstable system.
Another property of system which we look at is Relative Stability. It is the measure of
relative response of transients dying with respect to time for different poles. The farther
the poles are on left side of negative S – plane, the more quickly the transients will dry.
The relative response of system with respect to position of poles is illustrated below.

5|
This was the basic concept of Stability of Control Systems. In next article we will explore
the Routh-Hurwitz Stability Criteria.

6|

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