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MTHW

Hill and Peterson

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Bhavya Anoohya
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116 views7 pages

MTHW

Hill and Peterson

Uploaded by

Bhavya Anoohya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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“5-2, Given that & commerical aitiner has 2 range of 6100 miles using 200 tonnos soaps fuck estimate the range ofthe aircraft Burning either gaseous oF fi tid hydrogen and fa. The same mass of hydrogen as JP4, 1. The same volume of hydrogen as SP4 “The dry mass ofthe aircraft is 80 tonnes. The fuel properties areas flows: q Density eating value i Feet kel) (Ph) are 00 “5000 Wguscow, site) “nee ata Hither Vain) 728 ‘oem : ‘ Se mn Mm i S= No + Gs mm ; k= = = 6909 20,598_M Po = ain 5,000 Ln 1202 & Wee @) same fuel mass as gee s = (45) Or An = © 598 (120,900) 4m (1828) = (62120 me (6) seme fuel volume as vey Gj) gaseous He p (STP) ™Meuel = Be Mapy. = 2-282 (200) = 0-022 Ps pu. and tonnes s = (0.598) [20,900 Yn Soocc2! 18 mae Gi) liquid = He Meuel = Be mse = Bo (20°) = ITT s = (0.598)120,900 Pn SEI = 152 mi 5-3, The idling engles of 2 landing turbojet produce forward thrust when operat dein mea manner, tut they ean produce reverse thrust if heft is PO ing Wigrlocted, Suppose thal while the acraft cols down the runway at $50 Kea the idling engine consumes air ot 50 kgs and produces an exhaust velocity of 150 ms. ‘n. What is the forward thrust of this engine? Ty What are the magnitude and direction (i... forward or reverse) ithe ex hhaust is deflected 0" without affecting the mass Flow? Tere = 7o9te2_ less? = 0.0559 KW 5 Grbejet Tor = 297.3 as befor, Tes = Ten (Se3)'# = 2973/12)" 6047 a ) Assuming the cpe = hicee Tes = Tot — (Tes—Ta ad = Ihoo — (60.7 — 297.3) : sf eye oe =) (Gr Fe O.4I99 fe fe fee Bs Be =f 2] Facroare = 109 Ye= J? G9] *2ie00}) 1092.6 I~ Bay ail = IIl2 my, Fo Sele Te © acto 6007) oor 7g TESS src = 176 Ci 000) = 00252 Kg fi, 5-14. An ideal bypass wurbojet (90 lasses in compressor, burnes, turbine. nozzle fan, and fan nozzle) has a bypass ratio efor 8:1 am # maximum turbine inlet temperature of 1200 K_ At takeoff the ambient conditions ae 298 K and 101 KPa. The bypass nocale exhaust and core engine nozzle exhatist velocities are ential ‘What compressor pressute ratio will maximize takcoftthrast? For ease of calculation the approximation f <<< | may be used (f being the fuels ratio for the core engine) and the specific heat rio y may be taken to be 14 throughout @) T= mg (tf Ue + Bue ue < Facome 7 [Qe gs 42 = cp (Toe -Te)-cp(ts—ey LO . ) — Bep( Tos -Ta Also Ue = & (Te -T2) = ce (me re) +8) Ue eee REL) - Beet With no losses ‘Te ws I. ee = 383 G45 use Tee Ta ea Zen = os Ci- BJ - Be+s Which is maximized when Bea, = je Bes (Be yp _ eooyF 2 @ = (333) = ws 5°15. A turbofan engine is being designed for 8 bypass ratio of 6:1. During cruise (M = 0.85) at 12,000 km, the ratio ofthe ext stagnation presure to ambient pressure padps is 16:1 (the same for the fan efor the core engine). The Stagnation temperature a eit from the core engine is G00 Kyat ext from the fan its only 340 K ‘The question is whether 4. The fan and core streams should expand in soparate nozzles to ambient pressure, oF They should first be mixed to uniform stagnation temperature, then ex panded in a single nozzle Determine the ratio of theusts (case 2 to case b) on the understanding ‘hat mixing ofthe wo steams can be done with no los in Stagnation pressure For simplicity assume thatthe specific heat riio and the gas constant are the same for both streams and that ~ 1.4 and R= OJ87 ki/kg -K. “The fuel-air ratio Tor the core engine is approx: ately 0.118, sod nozzle losses are neglipile (A) Separate nozzles ing ¢ and B (+8 te Fh = (irtyue + Bue G0 Te Apne ett LS pre e)F] = [emmaemp= Gay 3005 Us = \2cp Tor I -@)¥J= ‘2( 1005) 340] — Gz) #4] = 293.0 us MFR = o.ss{reaer)zees manos la = (1.018) 389.3 + 6 (293.0) —(G+e)250.8 = 392-7 Ms Gi Govraes ee us (6) Mixed flow, one nozzle Db o0+$+B) Um — +6 )u in “which Um =. VF tom [IEF] and, with adiabatic mixing, — Gtf)Tec + BTor _ 1.018 Goojrebte) _ Tom = Cg = tei GoeeP) —aniric Um = J2G008)3777[1-G4)85] = 308.9 mS Ti. Gow + c )zoe.9 — Cie) 2508 = 4124 me so Te wet _ 1 oss Ta 3987 FE ln rooms PEL 19 Stan in i Gece tec cce eae es Consider the M=0 case ancl asseme that <5 the turoine inlet temperature is raised From (S00 te (720 K the compressor Pressuve yatio remains at 20:1. Tae 51 provides the component ef ficicacies. Estimate the change m Tee fer this change in Tew 71. A two-dimensional or wedge-type ditfuser consists of two external oblique ‘hocks, a normal shock, anda subsonic internal section, x8 shown in the fg lure. Assuming no external fsses other than shock losses, and assuming the subsonic section stagnation pressure loss 3%, ind the overall otal presse Fatio ata (light Mach number of 25, Sketch the inlet shock system roughly t0 Seale and label all angles. Fig 3-11 M=Z25 8=10° o=32° = 0.98 Be10° SF = 33° Mealce Bae oges fo Mg=166 §=0° My=0.65 Be eoere Subsonic diffusion B= 0.07 & = 0-98%0.5985 *0.87x 0.97 = 0.84 7 6-2. A jet engine in an areraft fying at M ~ 0.9 ingests ao aieflow af 100 kes Uhrough an iniet area oF 3.07 m*. The adiabatic efficiency ofthe Giternal) di fuser is 0.9, and the Mach number ef the flow entering the compressa is 04 ‘The ambient temperature and pressure are 222 K and 9.57 kPa, respectively 8. What is the ratio of the inlet static pressure (at entrance to the engine intake) (0 the ambient pressure? i, What isthe statie pressure ratio across the internal diffuser? © What fraction of che inlet dynamic pressure is converted 0 static pres- sre in the intake? or M= 2.5 My = 175 Ma = 0.90 Me oS c) Pri Poa B=17-5° 6217.57 Ho? S,=40_ 17.5 eo Gy GHI7.S B Bs Be =Gesyooo1 = ose > E25) @) he ooofit$ts] = 15 2 £= MiP. Moe > Se ia = mR ES Ga =F Pisns(g) = 1035 kf& o a Ta Ta Ct mYornt mi) = 47K 22 Pye = 3Sfo2enIN) = 0.765 keg fos C= MRR = OSsimGEneT = 218 m/s n > “= 2b = Sear = 3gom 6-8. A ramjet engine io fly at Mach number of in an atoosphere whose tem perature is 23 K. AL entrance to the burne 03. Combustion in the the Mac numberof The How is burner (whose cross-sectial area i constant) may be represented approximately as heating of a perfect ges with constant spe cific heat ratio. At the i from the burner the temperature of the gas is 2862 KC. Neglecting frietional effets in the burner and considering the flow tobe one-dimensional throughout, estimate the Mach numberof the gas lest ing the burner. Deter (8, calculate the ratio Burner Toa = Te (! testo the stagnation presale eo neg ole a nt stgmtonpresa entrance Mz,=0.3 +ieim*) = 223(+g42) = S3T7K 6-10, A ramjet has constant-diameter combustion chamber followed by a nozzle whose throat diameter is 0.94 times the chamber diameter. Air enters the combustion chamber with Tp =f450 K and M~ 03. How high may the tem- Perature rise in the combustion chamber without necessarily changing the chamber inlet conditions? For simplicity, neglect fictional losses in the chamber and nozzles and assume that the working fhid has specific heat ratio y= 1.333 ae lps = 1132 a. Ef aXe |S Aye ales (ie Mi] 5 i Ay ® ere ® L132 = ralF (+ B95] Solving iteratively My = 9,656 Eq. (6-15) 2 2 2 ) Tet Mul (1+ =! Mg )C OM) Tos Mat li eer M2 CIM) = 2.6567i+ £985CK 4 3 O38 (le EOS ICI E 06568) CPM mar = Teo ( Bt -1)=ts0 (256-2) = 2262 2.4% 2 = 256 G-1L Consider the use of hydrogen fuel for gus turbines (inthe way that Fig, 6:22 docs for kerosie-type (vel). For the special ease in which at entrance to the burner the hydrogen is at 77 K and in vapor form, and the sir is a 600 K, determine the dependence of fuel-air ratio f and equivalence ratio # on the turbine inlet temperature in the range 1200-1800 K. Dissociation may be considered negligible, Average specifi Heats aay be assumed as follow: Comaiuest ——G,kUkmad fh a2 ° aa m so Ho. 00 “he eat formation of HO is ~244.27 km Ha + 59(02#3-76N.)—~ Hao + $Gp-)02 + STEN, o= = NLM + = ey] Spi fe +i ey] froducte reactants for adiabatic Combu s tion

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