Process Heat Transfer

Scilab Textbook Companion for
Process Heat Transfer

by D. Q. Kern1
Created by
Byragoni Spandana
Physics
Electrical Engineering
IIT-B
College Teacher
None
Cross-Checked by
Lavitha
June 6, 2016
1 Funded by a grant from the National Mission on Education through ICT,

http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro. This Textbook Companion and Scilab
codes written in it can be downloaded from the ”Textbook Companion Project”
section at the website http://scilab.in
Book Description
Title: Process Heat Transfer
Author: D. Q. Kern
Publisher: Tata McGraw-Hill, NY
Edition: 1
Year: 1950
ISBN: 0-07-085353-3
1
Scilab numbering policy used in this document and the relation to the
above book.
Exa Example (Solved example)
Eqn Equation (Particular equation of the above book)
AP Appendix to Example(Scilab Code that is an Appednix to a particular

Example of the above book)
For example, Exa 3.51 means solved example 3.51 of this book. Sec 2.3 means
a scilab code whose theory is explained in Section 2.3 of the book.
2
Contents
List of Scilab Codes 4
2 Conduction 5
4 Radiation 10
5 Temperature 13
6 CounterflowDouble pipe exchangers 19
7 Parallel Counterflow Shell and Tube Excahngers 29
8 Flow Arrangements for increased heat recovery 49
9 Gases 58
10 Streamlineflow and steam convection 65
11 Calculations for process conditions 76
12 Condensation of single vapor 100
13 Condensation of Mixed vapors 128
14 Evopartion 160
15 Vaporizers Evoparators and Reboilers 181
16 Extended Surfaces 209
3
17 Cooling Towers 224
18 Batch and unsteady process 236
19 Furnace Calculations 246
20 Additional applications 253
4
List of Scilab Codes
Exa 2.1 Value of Q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Exa 2.2 Temperature increase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Exa 2.3 Value of Q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Exa 2.4 Heat flow through pipe wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Exa 2.5 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Exa 4.1 Radiation between large 2 planes . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Exa 4.2 Radiation between Planes with Different Emissivities . 10
Exa 4.3 Calculation of Radiation from a Pipe . . . . . . . . . . 11
Exa 4.4 Radiation from a Pipe to a Duct . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Exa 5.1 Calculation of the LMTD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Exa 5.2 Calculation of the LMTD with Equal Outlet Tempera-
tures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Exa 5.3 Calculation of the LMTD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Exa 5.4 Calculation of the LMTD with One Isothermal Fluid . 15
Exa 5.5 Calculation of point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Exa 5.6 Calculation of the Caloric Temperature . . . . . . . . 17
Exa 6.1 Double Pipe Benzene Toluene Exchanger . . . . . . . 19
Exa 6.2 Calculation of the True Temperature Difference . . . . 23
Exa 6.3 Double Pipe Lube Oil Crude Oil Exchanger . . . . . . 24
Exa 7.1 shell side equivalent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Exa 7.2 Calculation of FT for Fluids with Equal Ranges . . . . 29
Exa 7.3 Calculation of a Kerosene Crude Oil Exchanger . . . . 31
Exa 7.4 Calculation of a Distilled water Raw water Exchanger 35
Exa 7.5 Calculation of the Optimum Outlet water Temperature 39
Exa 7.6 Calculation of a Phosphate Solution Cooler . . . . . . 40
Exa 7.7 The Optimum Use of Exhaust and Process Steam . . . 43
Exa 7.8 Calculation of a Sugar solution Heater without Baflles 44
Exa 7.9 Outlet Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5
Exa 8.1 Calculation of a Oil Cooler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Exa 8.2 calculation of an Acetone Acetic Acid Exchanger . . . 53
Exa 9.1 Calculation of an Ammonia Compressor Aftercooler . 58
Exa 9.2 Calculation of the Heat Load for an Air Intercooler . . 62
Exa 9.3 Calculation of the Dew Point after Compression . . . . 64
Exa 10.1 Crude Oil Heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Exa 10.2 Kerosene Heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Exa 10.3 Gas Oil Heater Using Cores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Exa 10.4 Calculation of a Heating Bundle for an Aniline Storage
Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Exa 11.1 Calculation of a Straw Oil Naphtha Exchanger . . . . 76
Exa 11.2 Calculation of a Flue Gas Cooler . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Exa 11.3 Calculation of a Caustic Solution Cooler . . . . . . . . 85
Exa 11.4 Calculation of an Alcohol Heater . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Exa 11.5 Calculation of a Flue Gas Cooler . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Exa 12.1 Calculation of a Horizontal n Propanol Condenser . . 100
Exa 12.2 Design of a Vertical n Propanol Condenser . . . . . . . 104
Exa 12.3 Calculation of a Butane Desuperheater condenser . . . 107
Exa 12.4 Calculation of a Vertical Condenser subeooler . . . . . 113
Exa 12.5 Calculation of a Horizontal Condenser subcooler . . . 118
Exa 12.6 Calculation of Vertical Reflux type CSo Condenser . . 122
Exa 12.7 Calculation of a Surface Condenser . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Exa 13.1 Calculation of the Bubble Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Exa 13.2 Calculation of the Bubble Point and Vapor Composition
by Relative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Exa 13.3 Condenser Calculations for a Multicomponent Mixture 136
Exa 13.4 Vapor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Exa 13.5 Calculation of a Steam Carbon Dioxide Condenser . . 143
Exa 13.6 Calculation of a Condenser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Exa 14.1 Calculation of Evaporator Surface . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Exa 14.2 Calculation of a Triple effect Forward feed Evaporator 161
Exa 14.3 Backward feed Multiple effect Evaporator . . . . . . . 163
Exa 14.4 evoparator installer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Exa 14.5 unit calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Exa 14.6 Evoparator specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Exa 14.7 heat and steam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Exa 15.1 Calculation of the Average Specific Volume . . . . . . 181
6
Exa 15.2 Vaporizer or Pump through Reboiler with Isothermal
Boiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Exa 15.3 Calculation of a Kettle Reboiler . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Exa 15.4 Calculation of a Once through Horizontal Thermosyphon
Reboiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Exa 15.5 Calculation of a Vertical Thennosyphon Reboiler . . . 193
Exa 15.6 Calculation of the Reboiler Duty . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Exa 15.7 Distillation of a Binary Mixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Exa 15.8 The Reboiler Duty for a Multicomponent Mixture . . 202
Exa 16.1 Calculation of the Fin Efficiency and a Weighted Effi-
ciency Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Exa 16.2 Calculation of a Heat transfer Curve from Experimental
Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Exa 16.3 Calculation of a Double Pipe Extended surface Gas Oil
Cooler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Exa 16.4 Calculation of a Longitudinal Fin Shell and tube Ex-
changer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Exa 16.5 Calculation of a Transverse fin Air Cooler . . . . . . . 219
Exa 17.1 Calculation of the Enthalpy of Saturated Air . . . . . 224
Exa 17.2 Calculation of the Number of Diffusion Units . . . . . 224
Exa 17.3 Calculation of the Required Height of Fill . . . . . . . 226
Exa 17.4 Determination of a Cooling tower Guarantee . . . . . 226
Exa 17.5 The Recalculation of Cooling tower Performance . . . 227
Exa 17.6 Calculation of a Direct contact Gas Cooler . . . . . . 231
Exa 17.7 Approximate Calculation of a Gas Cooler . . . . . . . 234
Exa 18.1 Calculation of Batch Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Exa 18.2 Heat Flow through a Wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Exa 18.3 Center line Temperature of a Shaft . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Exa 18.4 The Schack Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Exa 18.5 The Gumey Lurle Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Exa 18.6 The Application of Newmans Method to Heating a Brick 241
Exa 18.7 The Graphical Determination of the Time Temperature
Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Exa 18.8 Calculations for a Wall with Periodic Temperature Vari-
ation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Exa 18.9 Calculation of the Length of a Bed . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Exa 19.1 Lobo and Evans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
7
Exa 19.2 Calculation of a Furnace by the Method of Wilson and
Lobo and Hottel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Exa 19.3 Calculation of Performance by the Orrok Hudson Equa-
tion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Exa 19.4 Calculation of the Equivalent Radiant Coefficient . . . 250
Exa 19.5 Furnace calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Exa 20.1 Calculation of a Jacketed Vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Exa 20.2 Calculation of a Tube Coil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Exa 20.3 Calculation of a Submerged pipe Coil Slurry Cooler . . 255
Exa 20.4 Calculation of a Trombone 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Exa 20.5 Calculation of an Atmospheric Jacket Water Cooler . . 260
Exa 20.6 Calculation of the True Temperature Difference . . . . 262
Exa 20.7 calculation of Sand Cooling with Negllgible Resistance 263
Exa 20.8.1 Immersion Water Heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Exa 20.8.2 Strip Heater for Air Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Exa 20.8.3 Finned strip Heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Exa 20.8.4 Clamp on Plastic Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
8
Chapter 2
Conduction
Scilab code Exa 2.1 Value of Q
1 clc
2 // p a g e 13
3 printf ( ” \ t Example 2 . 1 \n ” ) ;
4 printf ( ” \ t a p p r o x i m a t e v a l u e s a r e m e n t i o n e d i n t h e
book \n ” ) ;
5 Tavg =900; // a v e r a g e t e m p e r a t u r e o f t h e w a l l , F
6 k =0.15; // Thermal c o n d u c t i v i t y a t 932 F , Btu / ( h r ) ( f t
ˆ 2 ) ( F/ f t )
7 T1 =1500; // h o t s i d e t e m p e r a t u r e , F
8 T2 =300; // c o l d s i d e t e m p e r a t u r e , F
9 A =192; // s u r f a c e a r e a , f t ˆ2
10 L =0.5; // t h i c k n e s s , f t
11 Q =( k ) *( A ) *( T1 - T2 ) / L ; // f o r m u l a f o r h e a t , Btu / h r
12 printf ( ” \ t h e a t i s : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
13 // end
Scilab code Exa 2.2 Temperature increase
9
1 // Page 14
2 clc
3 printf ( ” \ t Example 2 . 2 \n ” ) ;
book \n ” ) ;
5 La =8/12; // T h i c k n e s s o f f i r e b r i c k w a l l , f t
6 Lb =4/12; // T h i c k n e s s o f i n s u l a t i n g b r i c k w a l l , f t
7 Lc =6/12; // T h i c k n e s s o f b u i l d i n g b r i c k w a l l , f t
8 Ka =0.68; // t h e m a l c o n d u c t i v i t y o f f i r e b r i c k , Btu / ( h r
) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F/ f t )
9 Kb =0.15; // t h e m a l c o n d u c t i v i t y o f i n s u l a t i n g b r i c k ,
Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F/ f t )
10 Kc =0.40; // t h e m a l c o n d u c t i v i t y o f b u i l d i n g b r i c k ,
Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F/ f t )
12 Ta =1600; // t e m p e r a t u r e o f i n n e r w a l l , F
13 Tb =125; // t e m p e r a t u r e o f o u t e r w a l l . F
14 Ra = La /( Ka ) *( A ) ; // f o r m u l a f o r r e s i s t a n c e , ( h r ) ∗ ( F ) /
Btu
15 printf ( ” \ t r e s i s t a n c e o f f e r e d by f i r e b r i c k : %. 2 f (
h r ) ∗ ( F ) / Btu \n ” , Ra ) ;
16 Rb = Lb /( Kb ) *( A ) ; // f o r m u l a f o r r e s i s t a n c e , ( h r ) ∗ ( F ) /
Btu
17 printf ( ” \ t r e s i s t a n c e o f f e r e d by i n s u l a t i n g b r i c k :
%. 2 f ( h r ) ∗ ( F ) / Btu \n ” , Rb ) ;
18 Rc = Lc /( Kc ) *( A ) ; // f o r m u l a f o r r e s i s t a n c e , ( h r ) ∗ ( F ) /
Btu
19 printf ( ” \ t r e s i s t a n c e o f f e r e d by b u i l d i n g b r i c k : %. 2
f ( h r ) ∗ ( F ) / Btu \n ” , Rc ) ;
20 R = Ra + Rb + Rc ; // t o t a l r e s i s t a n c e o f f e r e d by t h r e e
w a l l s , ( h r ) ∗ ( F ) / Btu
21 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l r e s i s t a n c e o f f e r e d by t h r e e w a l l s :
%. 2 f ( h r ) ∗ ( F ) / Btu \n ” ,R ) ;
22 Q =(1600 -125) /4.45; // u s i n g f o r m u l a f o r h e a t l o s s / f t
ˆ 2 , Btu / h r
23 printf ( ” \ t h e a t l o s s / f t ˆ2 : %. 0 f Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
24 // T1 , T2 a r e t e m p e r a t u r e s a t i n t e r f a c e o f f i r e b r i c k
and i n s u l a t i n g b r i c k , and i n s u l a t i n g b r i c k and
10
building brick respectively ,F
25 delta =( Q ) *( Ra ) ; // f o r m u l a f o r t e m p e r a t u r e
difference ,F
26 printf ( ” \ t d e l t a i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , delta ) ;
27 T1 = Ta -(( Q ) *( Ra ) ) ; // t e m p e r a t u r e a t i n t e r f a c e o f
f i r e b r i c k and i n s u l a t i n g b r i c k , F
28 printf ( ” \ t t e m p e r a t u r e a t i n t e r f a c e o f f i r e b r i c k and
i n s u l a t i n g b r i c k :%. 0 f F \n ” , T1 ) ;
29 deltb = Q *( Rb ) ;
30 printf ( ” \ t d e l t b i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , deltb ) ;
31 T2 = T1 -(( Q ) *( Rb ) ) ; // t e m p e r a t u r e a t i n t e r f a c e o f
i n s u l a t i n g b r i c k and b u i l d i n g b r i c k , F
32 printf ( ” \ t t e m p e r a t u r e a t i n t e r f a c e o f i n s u l a t i n g
b r i c k and b u i l d i n g b r i c k :%. 0 f F \n ” , T2 ) ;
33 // end
Scilab code Exa 2.3 Value of Q
1 clc
2 // p a g e 15
3 printf ( ” \ t e x a m p l e 2 . 3 \n ” ) ;
book \n ” ) ;
5 Lair =0.25/12; // t h i c k n e s s o f a i r f i l m , f t
6 Kair =0.0265; // t h e r m a l c o n d u c t i v i t y o f a i r a t 572F ,
Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ( F/ f t )
8 Rair = Lair /( Kair *( A ) ) ; // r e s i s t a n c e o f f e r e d by a i r
f i l m , ( h r ) ( F ) / Btu
9 printf ( ” \ t r e s i s t a n c e o f f e r e d by a i r f i l m %. 2 f ( h r ) (
F ) / Btu \n ” , Rair ) ;
10 R =4.45; // r e s i s t a n c e from p r e v i o u s e x a m p l e 2 . 2 , ( h r )
( F ) / Btu
11 Rt =( R ) + Rair ; // t o t a l r e s i s t a n c e , ( h r ) ( F ) / Btu
12 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l r e s i s t a n c e %. 2 f ( h r ) ( F ) / Btu \n ” , Rt )
11
;
13 Ta =1600; // t e m p e r a t u r e o f i n n e r w a l l , F
14 Tb =125; // t e m p e r a t u r e o f o u t e r w a l l , F
15 Q =(1600 -125) / Rt ; // h e a t l o s s , Btu / h r
16 printf ( ” \ t h e a t l o s s %. 2 f Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
Scilab code Exa 2.4 Heat flow through pipe wall
1 // p a g e 16
2 clc
book \n ” ) ;
5 k =0.63; // t h e r m a l c o n d u c t i v i t y o f p i p e , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ (
f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F/ f t )
6 Do =6; // i n
7 Di =5; // i n
8 Ti =200; // i n n e r s i d e t e m p e r a t u r e , F
9 To =175; // o u t e r s i d e t e m p e r a t u r e , F
10 q =(2*(3.14) *( k ) *( Ti - To ) ) /(2.3* log10 ( Do / Di ) ) ; //
f o r m u l a f o r h e a t f l o w , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t )
11 printf ( ” \ t h e a t f l o w i s : %. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ) \n ” ,q ) ;
12 // c a c u l a t i o n m i s t a k e i n book
13 // end
Scilab code Exa 2.5 Temperature
1 clc
2 // p a g e 19
book \n ” ) ;
12
5 t1 =150; // assume t e m p e r a t u r e o f o u t e r surface of
rockwool , F
6 ta =70; // t e m p e r a t u r e o f s u r r o u n d i n g a i r , F
7 ha =2.23; // s u r f a c e c o e f f i c i e n t , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
8 q =(3.14) *(300 -70) /(((2.3/(2*0.033) ) * log10
(3.375/2.375) ) +(1/((2.23) *(3.375/12) ) ) ) ; // u s i n g
f o r m u l a f o r h e a t l o s s , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( l i n f t ) ,
c a l c u l a t i o n mistake
9 printf ( ” \ t h e a t l o s s f o r l i n e a r f o o t i s : %. 1 f Btu / (
h r ) ∗ ( l i n f t ) \n ” ,q ) ;
10 printf ( ” \ t Check b e t w e e n t s and t1 , s i n c e d e l t /R =
d e l t c /Rc \n ” ) ;
11 t1 =300 -(((104.8) *((2.3) *( log10 (3.375/2.375) ) ) ) /((2)
*(3.14) *(.033) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq 2 . 3 1 , F
12 printf ( ” \ t t 1 i s : %. 1 f F \n ” , t1 ) ;
13 t1 =125; // assume t e m p e r a t u r e o f o u t e r s u r f a c e o f
rockwool , F
14 ha =2.10; // s u r f a c e c o e f f i c i e n t , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
15 q =((3.14) *(300 -70) ) /(((2.3/(2*0.033) ) * log10
(3.375/2.375) ) +(1/((2.10) *(3.375/12) ) ) ) ; // u s i n g
f o r m u l a f o r h e a t l o s s , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( l i n f t )
16 printf ( ” \ t h e a t l o s s f o r l i n e a r f o o t i s : %. 1 f Btu / (
h r ) ∗ ( l i n f t ) \n ” ,q ) ;
17 printf ( ” \ t Check b e t w e e n t s and t1 , s i n c e d e l t /R =
d e l t c /Rc \n ” ) ;
18 t1 =300 -(((103) *((2.3) *( log10 (3.375/2.375) ) ) ) /((2)
*(3.14) *(.033) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq 2 . 3 1 , F
19 printf ( ” \ t t 1 i s : %. 1 f F \n ” , t1 ) ;
20 // end
13
Chapter 4
Radiation
Scilab code Exa 4.1 Radiation between large 2 planes
1 clc
2 // p a g e 75
book \n ” ) ;
5 T1 =1000+460; // R
6 T2 =800+460; // R
7 Q =((0.173) *((14.6) ^4 -(12.6) ^4) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 4 . 2 4 ,
Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 )
8 printf ( ” \ t h e a t removed from c o l d e r w a l l p e r u n i t
a r e a i s : %. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) \n ” ,Q ) ;
9 // end
Scilab code Exa 4.2 Radiation between Planes with Different Emissivities
book \n ” ) ;
14
3 T1 =1000+460; // R
4 T2 =800+460; // R
5 e1 =0.6; // e m i s s i v i t y o f h o t t e r w a l l
6 e2 =0.8; // e m i s s i v i t y o f c o l d e r w a l l
7 Q =(((0.173) /((1/0.6) +(1/0.8) -1) ) *((14.6) ^4 -(12.6) ^4)
) ; // u s i n g eq . 4 . 2 6 , h e a t l o s s p e r u n i t a r e a , Btu / (
hr ) ∗( f t ˆ2)
8 printf ( ” \ t h e a t removed from c o l d e r w a l l p e r u n i t
a r e a i s : %. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) \n ” ,Q ) ;
9 printf ( ” \ t For p e r f e c t b l a c k b o d i e s t h e v a l u e was
3 5 0 0 Btu / ( h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) \n ” ) ;
10 // end
Scilab code Exa 4.3 Calculation of Radiation from a Pipe
1 clc
2 // p a g e 78
book \n ” ) ;
5 T1 =125+460; // R
6 T2 =70+460; // R
7 e =0.9; // e m i s s i v i t y , u s i n g t a b l e 4 . 1 B
8 A =( %pi ) *(3.375/12) *(1) ; // a r e a , f t ˆ2/ l i n f t
9 printf ( ” \ t a r e a i s : %. 2 f f t ˆ2/ l i n f t \n ” ,A ) ;
10 Q =(0.9) *(0.88) *(0.173) *(( T1 /100) ^4 -( T2 /100) ^4) ; //
h e a t l o s s u s i n g eq . 4 . 3 2 , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( l i n f t )
11 printf ( ” \ t h e a t l o s s i s : %. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( l i n f t ) \n
” ,Q ) ;
12 hr =( Q ) /(( A ) *( T1 - T2 ) ) ; // f i c t i t i o u s f i l m c o e f f i c i e n t
, u s i n g eq 4 . 3 3 , Btu / ( h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) ( F )
13 printf ( ” \ t f i c t i t i o u s f i l m c o e f f i c i e n t i s : %. 2 f Btu
/ ( h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) ( F ) \n ” , hr ) ;
14 // end
15
Scilab code Exa 4.4 Radiation from a Pipe to a Duct
1 clc
2 // p a g e 82
book \n ” ) ;
5 T1 =300+460; // R
6 T2 =75+460; //R
7 A1 =0.622; // a r e a from t a b l e 11 i n t h e a p p e n d i x A, f t
ˆ2/ l i n f t
8 A2 =4*(1*1) ; // s u r f a c e a r e a o f duct , f t ˆ2/ l i n f t
9 e1 =0.79; // e m i s s i v i t y o f o x i d i z e d s t e e l from t a b l e
4.1
10 e2 =0.276; // e m i s s i v i t y o f o x i d i z e d z i n c from t a b l e
4.1
11 printf ( ” \ t s u r f a c e a r e a o f p i p e i s : %. 3 f f t ˆ2/ l i n
f t \n ” , A1 ) ;
12 printf ( ” \ t s u r f a c e a r e a o f d u c t i s : %. 0 f f t ˆ2/ l i n
f t \n ” , A2 ) ;
13 printf ( ” \ t The s u r f a c e o f t h e p i p e i s n o t n e g l i g i b l e
by c o m p a r i s o n w i t h t h a t o f t h e duct , and ( f ) o f
T a b l e 4 . 2 a p p l i e s most n e a r l y \n ” ) ;
14 Fa =1; // from t a b l e 4 . 2
15 Fe =((1) /((1/ e1 ) +(( A1 / A2 ) *((1/ e2 ) -1) ) ) ) ; // from
table 4.2
16 printf ( ” \ t Fe i s : %. 2 f \n ” , Fe ) ;
17 Q =(0.173*10^ -8) *( Fa ) *( Fe ) *( A1 ) *(( T1 ) ^4 -( T2 ) ^4) ; //
h e a t l o s s due t o r a d i a t i o n , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( l i n f t )
18 printf ( ” \ t h e a t l o s s due t o r a d i a t i o n i s : %. 0 f Btu
/ ( h r ) ∗ ( l i n f t ) \n ” ,Q ) ;
19 // end
16
Chapter 5
Temperature
Scilab code Exa 5.1 Calculation of the LMTD
2 T1 =300; // h o t f l u i d i n l e t t e m p e r a t u r e , F
3 T2 =200; // h o t f l u i d o u t l e t t e m p e r a t u r e , F
4 t1 =100; // c o l d f l u i d i n l e t t e m p e r a t u r e , F
5 t2 =150; // c o l d f l u i d o u t l e t t e m p e r a t u r e , F
6 printf ( ” \ t f o r c o u n t e r c u r r e n t f l o w \n ” ) ;
7 delt1 = T1 - t2 ; //F
8 delt2 = T2 - t1 ; // F
9 printf ( ” \ t d e l t 1 i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , delt1 ) ;
11 LMTD =(( delt2 - delt1 ) /((2.3) *( log10 ( delt2 / delt1 ) ) ) ) ;
12 printf ( ” \ t LMTD i s :%. 1 f F \n ” , LMTD ) ;
13 printf ( ” \ t f o r p a r a l l e l f l o w \n ” ) ;
14 delt1 = T1 - t1 ; // F
15 delt2 = T2 - t2 ; // F
20 // end
17
Scilab code Exa 5.2 Calculation of the LMTD with Equal Outlet Tem-
peratures
7 delt1 = T1 - t2 ; //F
8 delt2 = T2 - t1 ; // F
14 delt1 = T1 - t1 ; // F
15 delt2 = T2 - t2 ; // F
18 if ( delt2 ==0) ;
19 printf ( ” \ t d e n o m i n a t o r becomes i n f i n i t y s o LMTD
becomes Z e r o \n ” ) ;
20 printf ( ” \ t LMTD i s Z e r o \n ” ) ;
21 else
22 LMTD =(( delt2 - delt1 ) /((2.3) *( log10 ( delt2 / delt1 ) ) )
);
24 end
25 // end
Scilab code Exa 5.3 Calculation of the LMTD
18
book \n ” ) ;
8 deltc = T2 - t1 ; //F
9 delth = T1 - t2 ; // F
10 printf ( ” \ t d e l t h i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , delth ) ;
11 printf ( ” \ t d e l t c i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , deltc ) ;
12 LMTD =(( delth - deltc ) /((2.3) *( log10 ( delth / deltc ) ) ) ) ;
14 // end
Scilab code Exa 5.4 Calculation of the LMTD with One Isothermal Fluid
2 printf ( ” \ t p r o c e s s i s i s o t h e r m a l w i t h h o t f l u i d s o
t e m p e r a t u r e o f h o t f l u i d r e m a i n s c o n s t a n t \n ” ) ;
8 delt1 = T1 - t2 ; //F
9 delt2 = T2 - t1 ; // F
15 delt1 = T1 - t1 ; // F
16 delt2 = T2 - t2 ; // F
19
19 if ( delt2 ==0) ;
20 printf ( ” \ t d e n o m i n a t o r becomes i n f i n i t y s o LMTD
becomes Z e r o \n ” ) ;
21 printf ( ” \ t LMTD i s Z e r o \n ” ) ;
22 else
23 LMTD =(( delt2 - delt1 ) /((2.3) *( log10 ( delt2 / delt1 ) ) )
);
25 end
26 printf ( ” \ t t h e s e a r e i d e n t i c a l \n ” ) ;
27 // end
Scilab code Exa 5.5 Calculation of point
book \n ” ) ;
3 printf ( ” \ t f o r i n l e t \n ” ) ;
4 t1 =99.1; // t e m p e r a t u r e o f i n l e t , F
5 t2 =129.2; // t e m p e r a t u r e o f o u t l e t , F
6 c =.478; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ) ∗ ( F/ f t )
7 mu =2.95*2.42; // l b / ( f t ) ( h r )
8 k =0.078; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ) ∗ ( F/ f t )
9 G =854000; // mass v e l o c i t y , l b / ( f t ˆ 2 ) ( h r )
10 D =0.622/12; // d i a m e t e r , f t
11 Re =(( D ) *(( G ) /( mu ) ) ) ^(0.9) ;
12 printf ( ” \ t Re i s : %. 2 e \n ” , Re ) ;
13 Pr =(( c ) *( mu ) / k ) ^(1/3) ; // p r a n d t l number r a i s e d t o
power 1/3
14 printf ( ” \ t Pr i s : %. 2 f \n ” , Pr ) ;
15 Nu =0.0115*( Re ) *( Pr ) ; // f o r m u l a f o r n u s s e l t number
16 printf ( ” \ t n u s s e l t number i s : %. 0 f \n ” , Nu ) ;
17 hi =(( k ) *( Nu ) /( D ) ) ; // h e a t t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t
20
18 printf ( ” \ t h e a t t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t i s : %. 0 f \n ” ,
hi ) ; // c a c u l a t i o n m i s t a k e i n book
19 printf ( ” \ t f o r o u t l e t \n ” ) ;
20 c =.495; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ) ∗ ( F/ f t )
21 mu =2.20*2.42; // l b / ( f t ) ( h r )
22 k =0.078; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ) ∗ ( F/ f t )
23 G =854000; // mass v e l o c i t y , l b / ( f t ˆ 2 ) ( h r )
24 D =0.622/12; // d i a m e t e r , f t
25 Re =(( D ) *(( G ) /( mu ) ) ) ^(.9) ; // r e y n o l d s number r a i s e d
t o p o e r 0 . 9 , c a l c u l a t i o n m i s t a k e i n book
27 Pr =(( c ) *( mu ) / k ) ^(1/3) ; // p r a n d t l number r a i s e d t o
power 1/3
29 Nu =0.0115*( Re ) *( Pr ) ; // f o r m u l a f o r n u s s e l t number
30 printf ( ” \ t n u s s e l t number i s : %. 0 f \n ” , Nu ) ;
31 hi =(( k ) *( Nu ) /( D ) ) ; // h e a t t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t
32 printf ( ” \ t h e a t t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t i s : %. 0 f \n ” ,
hi ) ; // c a c u l a t i o n m i s t a k e i n book
33 // end
Scilab code Exa 5.6 Calculation of the Caloric Temperature
book \n ” ) ;
8 delT = T1 - T2 ; // t e m p e r a t u r e d i f f e r e n c e f o r c r u d e o i l ,
F
9 printf ( ” \ t t e m p e r a t u r e d i f f e r e n c e f o r c r u d e o i l i s :
%. 0 f F \n ” , delT ) ;
21
10 Kc =0.68; // from f i g . 1 7
11 delt = t2 - t1 ; // t e m p e r a t u r e d i f f e r e n c e for gasoline ,F
12 printf ( ” \ t t e m p e r a t u r e d i f f e r e n c e f o r gasoline is :
%. 0 f F \n ” , delt ) ;
13 Kc <=0.10; // from f i g . 1 7
14 printf ( ” \ t The l a r g e r v a l u e o f K . correspQnds to the
c o n t r o l l i n g h e a t t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t which i s
assumed t o e s t a b l i s h t h e v a r i a t i o n o f U w i t h
t e m p e r a t u r e \n ” ) ;
15 deltc = T2 - t1 ; //F
16 delth = T1 - t2 ; // F
17 printf ( ” \ t d e l t c i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , deltc ) ;
18 printf ( ” \ t d e l t h i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , delth ) ;
19 A =(( deltc ) /( delth ) ) ;
20 printf ( ” \ t r a t i o o f two l o c a l t e m p e r a t u r e d i f f e r e n c e
i s : %. 3 f \n ” ,A ) ;
21 Fc =0.425; // from f i g . 1 7
22 Tc =(( T2 ) +(( Fc ) *( T1 - T2 ) ) ) ; // c a l o r i c t e m p e r a t u r e o f
hot f l u i d , F
23 printf ( ” \ t c a l o r i c t e m p e r a t u r e o f h o t f l u i d i s : %. 1
f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
24 tc =(( t1 ) +(( Fc ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ) ; // c a l o r i c t e m p e r a t u r e o f
cold fluid ,F
25 printf ( ” \ t c a l o r i c t e m p e r a t u r e o f c o l d f l u i d i s : %
. 0 f F \n ” , tc ) ;
26 // end
22
Chapter 6
CounterflowDouble pipe
exchangers
Scilab code Exa 6.1 Double Pipe Benzene Toluene Exchanger
book \n ” ) ;
3 T1 =160; // i n l e t h o t f l u i d , F
4 T2 =100; // o u t l e t h o t f l u i d , F
5 t1 =80; // i n l e t c o l d f l u i d , F
6 t2 =120; // o u t l e t c o l d f l u i d , F
7 w =9820; // l b / h r
8 printf ( ” \ t 1 . f o r h e a t b a l a n c e \n ” ) ;
9 printf ( ” \ t f o r b e n z e n e \n ” ) ;
10 tav =(( t1 + t2 ) /2) ; // F
11 printf ( ” \ t a v e r a g e t e m p e r a t u r e o f b e n z e n e i s : %. 0 f
F \n ” , tav ) ;
12 c =0.425; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
13 Q =(( w ) *( c ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
14 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r b e n z e n e i s : %. 2 e
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
15 printf ( ” \ t f o r t o u l e n e \n ” ) ;
16 Tav =(( T1 + T2 ) /2) ; //F
23
17 printf ( ” \ t a v e r a g e t e m p e r a t u r e o f t o u l e n e i s : %. 0 f
F \n ” , Tav ) ;
18 c =0.44; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
19 W =(( Q ) /(( c ) *( T1 - T2 ) ) ) ; // l b / h r
20 printf ( ” \ t W i s :%. 2 e l b / h r \n ” ,W ) ;
21 printf ( ” \ t 2 .LMTD \n ” ) ;
23 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
24 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
29 printf ( ” \ t 3 . c a l o r i c t e m p e r a t u r e s \n ” ) ;
30 printf ( ” \ t b o t h s t r e a m s w i l l show t h a t n e i t h e r i s
v i s c o u s at the cold terminal ( the v i s c o s i t i e s
l e s s t h a n 1 c e n t i p o i s e ) and t h e t e m p e r a t u r e
r a n g e s and t e m p e r a t u r e d i f f e r e n c e a r e m o d e r a t e .
The c o e f f i c i e n t s may a c c o r d i n g l y be e v a l u a t e d
from p r o p e r t i e s a t t h e a r i t h m e t i c mean , and t h e
v a l u e o f (mu/muw) ˆ 0 . 1 4 may be assumed e q u a l t o
1 . 0 \n ” ) ;
31 tav =(( t1 + t2 ) /2) ; // F
32 printf ( ” \ t a v e r a g e t e m p e r a t u r e o f b e n z e n e i s : %. 0 f
F \n ” , tav ) ;
33 Tav =(( T1 + T2 ) /2) ; //F
34 printf ( ” \ t a v e r a g e t e m p e r a t u r e o f t o u l e n e i s : %. 0 f
F \n ” , Tav ) ;
35 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : a n n u l u s , t o u l e n e \n ” ) ;
36 D1 =0.138; // f t
37 D2 =0.1725; // f t
38 aa =(( %pi ) *( D2 ^2 - D1 ^2) /4) ; // f l o w a r e a , f t ˆ2
39 printf ( ” \ t f l o w a r e a i s : %. 5 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , aa ) ;
40 De =( D2 ^2 - D1 ^2) / D1 ; // e q u i v d i a m e t e r , f t
41 printf ( ” \ t e q u i v d i a m e t e r i s : %. 4 f f t \n ” , De ) ;
42 Ga =( W / aa ) ; // mass v e l o c i t y , l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 )
43 printf ( ” \ t mass v e l o c i t y i s : %. 2 e l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) \n
” , Ga ) ;
24
44 mu1 =0.41*2.42; // a t 130 F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
45 Rea =(( De ) *( Ga ) / mu1 ) ; // r e y n o l d s number
46 printf ( ” \ t r e y n o l d s number i s : %. 1 e \n ” , Rea ) ;
47 jH =167; // from f i g . 2 4
48 c =0.44; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F ) , a t 130F
49 k =0.085; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F/ f t ) , from t a b l e 4
50 Pr =(( c ) *( mu1 ) / k ) ^(1/3) ; // p r a n d e l t number r a i s e d t o
power 1/3
52 ho =(( jH ) *( k / De ) *( Pr ) *(1^0.14) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 6 . 1 5 b ,
Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
53 printf ( ” \ t i n d i v i d u a l h e a t t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t i s :
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
54 printf ( ” \ t c o l d f l u i d : i n n e r p i p e , b e n z e n e \n ” ) ;
55 D =0.115; // f t
56 ap =(( %pi ) *( D ^2) /4) ; // f l o w a r e a , f t ˆ2
57 printf ( ” \ t f l o w a r e a i s : %. 4 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , ap ) ;
58 Gp =( w / ap ) ; // mass v e l o c i t y , l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 )
” , Gp ) ;
60 mu2 =0.5*2.42; // a t 130 F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
61 Rep =(( D ) *( Gp ) / mu2 ) ; // r e y n o l d s number
62 printf ( ” \ t r e y n o l d s number i s : %. 2 e \n ” , Rep ) ;
63 jH =236; // from f i g . 2 4
64 c =0.425; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F ) , a t 130F
power 1/3
68 hi =(( jH ) *( k / D ) *( Pr ) *(1^0.14) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 6 . 1 5 a , Btu
/( hr ) ∗( f t ˆ2) ∗(F)
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hi ) ;
70 ID =1.38; // f t
71 OD =1.66; // f t
72 hio =(( hi ) *( ID / OD ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 6 . 5
73 printf ( ” \ t C o r r e c t h i t o t h e s u r f a c e a t t h e OD i s :
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio ) ;
25
74 Uc =(( hio ) *( ho ) /( hio + ho ) ) ; // c l e a n overall
c o e f f i c i e n t , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
75 printf ( ” \ t c l e a n o v e r a l l c o e f f i c i e n t i s : %. 0 f Btu / (
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
76 Rd =0.002; // r e q u i r e d by problem , ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) / Btu
77 UD =(( Uc ) /((1) +( Uc * Rd ) ) ) ; // d e s i g n o v e r a l l
78 printf ( ” \ t d e s i g n o v e r a l l c o e f f i c i e n t i s : %. 0 f Btu
/ ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
79 A =(( Q ) /(( UD ) *( LMTD ) ) ) ; // r e q u i r e d s u r f a c e , f t ˆ2
80 printf ( ” \ t r e q u i r e d s u r f a c e i s : %. 1 f f t ˆ2 \n ” ,A ) ;
81 A1 =0.435; // From T a b l e 11 f o r 1 ( 1 / 4 ) i n IPS s t a n d a r d
pipe there are 0.435 f t 2 of e x t e r n a l s u r f a c e per
f o o t l e n g t h , f t ˆ2
82 L =( A / A1 ) ; // r e q u i r e d l e n g t h ; l i n f t
83 printf ( ” \ t r e q u i r e d l e n g t h i s : %. 0 f l i n f t \n ” ,L ) ;
84 printf ( ” \ t T h i s may be f u l f i l l e d by c o n n e c t i n g t h r e e
20− f t h a i r p i n s i n s e r i e s \n ” ) ;
85 A2 =120*0.435; // a c t u a l s u r f a c e s u p p l i e d , f t ˆ2
86 printf ( ” \ t a c t u a l s u r f a c e s u p p l i e d i s : %. 1 f f t ˆ2 \n
” , A2 ) ;
87 UD =(( Q ) /(( A2 ) *( LMTD ) ) ) ;
88 printf ( ” \ t a c t u a l d e s i g n o v e r a l l c o e f f i c i e n t i s : %
. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
89 Rd =(( Uc - UD ) /(( UD ) *( Uc ) ) ) ; // ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) / Btu
90 printf ( ” \ t a c t u a l Rd i s : %. 4 f ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) / Btu \
n ” , Rd ) ;
91 printf ( ” \ t p r e s s u r e d r o p f o r a n n u l u s \n ” ) ;
92 De1 =( D2 - D1 ) ; // f t
93 printf ( ” \ t De1 i s : %. 4 f f t \n ” , De1 ) ;
94 Rea1 =(( De1 ) *( Ga ) / mu1 ) ; // r e y n o l d s number
95 printf ( ” \ t r e y n o l d s number i s : %. 2 e \n ” , Rea1 ) ;
96 f =(0.0035) +((0.264) /( Rea1 ^0.42) ) ; // f r i c t i o n f a c t o r
, u s i n g eq . 3 . 4 7 b
97 printf ( ” \ t f r i c t i o n f a c t o r i s : %. 4 f \n ” ,f ) ;
98 s =0.87;
99 row =62.5*0.87; // from t a b l e 6
100 delFa =((4* f *( Ga ^2) * L ) /(2*4.18*(10^8) *( row ^2) *( De1 ) ) )
26
; // f t
101 printf ( ” \ t d e l F a i s : %. 1 f f t \n ” , delFa ) ;
102 V =(( Ga ) /(3600* row ) ) ; // f p s
103 printf ( ” \ t V i s : %. 2 f f p s \n ” ,V ) ;
104 Fl =((3*( V ^2) ) /(2*32.2) ) ; // f t
105 printf ( ” \ t F l i s : %. 1 f f t \n ” , Fl ) ;
106 delPa =(( delFa + Fl ) *( row ) /144) ; // p s i
107 printf ( ” \ t d e l P a i s : %. 1 f p s i \n ” , delPa ) ;
108 printf ( ” \ t a l l o w a b l e d e l P a i s 10 p s i \n ” ) ;
109 printf ( ” \ t p r e s s u r e d r o p f o r i n n e r p i p e \n ” ) ;
110 f =(0.0035) +((0.264) /( Rep ^0.42) ) ; // f r i c t i o n f a c t o r ,
u s i n g eq . 3 . 4 7 b
112 s =0.88;
113 row =62.5*0.88; // from t a b l e 6
114 delFp =((4* f *( Gp ^2) * L ) /(2*4.18*(10^8) *( row ^2) *( D ) ) ) ;
// f t
115 printf ( ” \ t d e l F p i s : %. 1 f f t \n ” , delFp ) ;
116 delPp =(( delFp ) *( row ) /144) ; // p s i
117 printf ( ” \ t d e l P p i s : %. 1 f p s i \n ” , delPp ) ;
118 printf ( ” \ t a l l o w a b l e d e l P p i s 10 p s i \n ” ) ;
119 // end
Scilab code Exa 6.2 Calculation of the True Temperature Difference
book \n ” ) ;
7 n =6; // number o f p a r a l l e l s t r e a m s
8 P =(( T2 - t1 ) /( T1 - t1 ) ) ;
9 printf ( ” \ t P i s : %. 3 f \n ” ,P ) ;
27
10 R =(( T1 - T2 ) /(( n ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ) ;
11 printf ( ” \ t R i s : %. 3 f \n ” ,R ) ;
12 gama =((1 - P ) /((2.3) *(( n * R ) /( R -1) ) * log10 ((( R -1) / R ) *(1/
P ) ^(1/ n ) +(1/ R ) ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 6 . 3 5 a
13 printf ( ” \ t gama i s : %. 3 f \n ” , gama ) ;
14 delt =( gama *( T1 - t1 ) ) ; // t r u e t e m p e r a t u r e d i f f e r e n c e ,
F
15 printf ( ” \ t r u e t e m p e r a t u r e d i f f e r e n c e i s : %. 1 f F \n
” , delt ) ;
16 // end
Scilab code Exa 6.3 Double Pipe Lube Oil Crude Oil Exchanger
book \n ” ) ;
7 W =6900; // l b / h r
8 w =72500; // l b / h r
10 printf ( ” \ t f o r l u b e o i l \n ” ) ;
11 c =0.62; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
12 Q =(( W ) *( c ) *( T1 - T2 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
13 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r l u b e o i l i s : %. 2
e Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
14 printf ( ” \ t f o r c r u d e o i l \n ” ) ;
15 c =0.585; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
16 Q1 =(( w ) *( c ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
17 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r c r u d e o i l i s : %
. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” , Q1 ) ; // c a l c u l a t i o n m i s t a k e i n
book
18 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
28
19 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
24 A =(( delt1 ) /( delt2 ) ) ;
i s : %. 3 f \n ” ,A ) ;
26 Fc =0.395; // from f i g . 1 7
hot f l u i d , F
f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
cold fluid ,F
. 0 f F \n ” , tc ) ;
31 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : a n n u l u s , l u b e o i l \n ” ) ;
32 D1 =0.199; // f t
33 D2 =0.256; // f t
34 aa =(( %pi ) *( D2 ^2 - D1 ^2) /4) ; // f l o w a r e a , f t ˆ2
36 De =( D2 ^2 - D1 ^2) / D1 ; // e q u i v d i a m e t e r , f t
37 printf ( ” \ t e q u i v d i a m e t e r i s : %. 2 f f t \n ” , De ) ;
” , Ga ) ;
40 mu1 =3*2.42; // a t 3 8 9 . 5 F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r ) , from f i g . 1 4
43 jH =20.5; // from f i g . 2 4
44 c =0.615; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F ) , a t 130F
power 1/3
48 Ho =(( jH ) *( k / De ) *( Pr ) ) ; // H0=(h0 / phya ) , u s i n g eq
. 6 . 1 5 , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
29
%. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Ho ) ;
50 printf ( ” \ t c o l d f l u i d : i n n e r p i p e , c r u d e o i l \n ” ) ;
51 D =0.172; // f t
52 ap =(( %pi ) *( D ^2) /4) ; // f l o w a r e a , f t ˆ2
53 printf ( ” \ t f l o w a r e a i s : %. 4 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , ap ) ;
54 Gp =( w /(2* ap ) ) ; // mass v e l o c i t y , l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 )
” , Gp ) ;
56 mu2 =0.83*2.42; // a t 304 F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
57 Rep =(( D ) *( Gp ) / mu2 ) ; // r e y n o l d s number
58 printf ( ” \ t r e y n o l d s number i s : %. 2 e \n ” , Rep ) ;
59 jH =320; // from f i g . 2 4
60 c =0.585; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F ) , a t 304F , from f i g . 4
61 k =0.073; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F/ f t ) , from f i g . 1
power 1/3
64 Hi =(( jH ) *( k / D ) *( Pr ) *(1^0.14) ) ; // Hi =( h i / phyp ) , u s i n g
eq . 6 . 1 5 a , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
65 printf ( ” \ t Hi i s : %. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Hi ) ;
66 ID =2.067; // f t
67 OD =2.38; // f t
68 Hio =(( Hi ) *( ID / OD ) ) ; // Hio =( h i o / phyp ) , u s i n g eq . 6 . 5
69 printf ( ” \ t C o r r e c t Hi0 t o t h e s u r f a c e a t t h e OD i s :
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Hio ) ;
70 muw =0.77*2.42; // l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r ) , from f i g . 1 4
71 phyp =( mu2 / muw ) ^0.14;
72 printf ( ” \ t phyp i s : %. 0 f \n ” , phyp ) ; // from f i g . 2 4
73 hio =( Hio ) *(1) ; // from eq . 6 . 3 7
74 printf ( ” \ t C o r r e c t h i o t o t h e s u r f a c e a t t h e OD i s :
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio ) ;
75 tw =( tc ) +((( Ho ) /( Hio + Ho ) ) *( Tc - tc ) ) ; // from eq . 5 . 3 1
76 printf ( ” \ t tw i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , tw ) ;
78 phya =( mu1 / muw ) ^0.14;
79 printf ( ” \ t phya i s : %. 1 f \n ” , phya ) ; // from f i g . 2 4
80 ho =( Ho ) *( phya ) ; // from eq . 6 . 3 6
30
81 printf ( ” \ t C o r r e c t h0 t o t h e s u r f a c e a t t h e OD i s :
%. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
82 Uc =(( hio ) *( ho ) /( hio + ho ) ) ; // c l e a n o v e r a l l
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
84 Rd =0.006; // r e q u i r e d by problem , ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) / Btu
/ ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
87 A =(( Q ) /(( UD ) *( LMTD ) ) ) ; // r e q u i r e d s u r f a c e , f t ˆ2
88 printf ( ” \ t r e q u i r e d s u r f a c e i s : %. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ” ,A ) ;
89 A1 =0.622; // From T a b l e 1 1 , f t ˆ2
90 Lr =( A / A1 ) ; // r e q u i r e d l e n g t h ; l i n f t
91 printf ( ” \ t r e q u i r e d l e n g t h i s : %. 0 f l i n f t \n ” , Lr ) ;
92 printf ( ” \ t S i n c e two p a r a l l e l s t r e a m s a r e employed ,
u s e e i g h t 20 f t h a i r p i n s o r 320 l i n . f e e t \n ” ) ;
93 L =320;
94 A2 =320*0.622; // a c t u a l s u r f a c e s u p p l i e d , f t ˆ2
95 printf ( ” \ t a c t u a l s u r f a c e s u p p l i e d i s : %. 1 f f t ˆ2 \n
” , A2 ) ;
96 UD =(( Q ) /(( A2 ) *( LMTD ) ) ) ;
. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
n ” , Rd ) ;
101 De1 =.058; // f t
103 Rea1 =(( De1 ) *( Ga ) /7.25) ; // r e y n o l d s number
104 printf ( ” \ t r e y n o l d s number i s : %. 2 e \n ” , Rea1 ) ;
105 f =(0.0035) +((0.264) /(2680^0.42) ) ; // f r i c t i o n f a c t o r
, u s i n g eq . 3 . 4 7 b
107 s =0.775;
108 row =62.5*0.775; // from f i g 6
31
109 delFa =((4* f *( Ga ^2) * L ) /(2*4.18*(10^8) *( row ^2) *( De1 ) ) )
; // f t
110 printf ( ” \ t d e l F a i s : %. 1 f f t \n ” , delFa ) ;
111 V =(( Ga ) /(3600* row ) ) ; // f p s
113 delFl =((8*( V ^2) ) /(2*32.2) ) ; // f t
114 printf ( ” \ t d e l F l i s : %. 2 f f t \n ” , delFl ) ;
115 delPa =(( delFa + delFl ) *( row ) /144) ; // p s i
116 printf ( ” \ t d e l P a i s : %. 1 f p s i \n ” , delPa ) ;
119 f =(0.0035) +((0.264) /( Rep ^0.42) ) ; // f r i c t i o n f a c t o r ,
u s i n g eq . 3 . 4 7 b
121 s =0.76;
122 row =62.5*0.76; // from t a b l e 6
123 Lp =160;
124 delFp =((4* f *( Gp ^2) * Lp ) /(2*4.18*(10^8) *( row ^2) *( D ) ) ) ;
// f t
125 printf ( ” \ t d e l F p i s : %. 1 f f t \n ” , delFp ) ;
126 delPp =(( delFp ) *( row ) /144) ; // p s i
127 printf ( ” \ t d e l P p i s : %. 1 f p s i \n ” , delPp ) ;
128 printf ( ” \ t a l l o w a b l e d e l P p i s 10 p s i \n ” ) ;
129 // end
32
Chapter 7
Parallel Counterflow Shell and

Tube Excahngers
Scilab code Exa 7.1 shell side equivalent
2 PT =1; // s q u a r e p i t c h , i n
3 do =0.75; // o u t e r d i a m e t e r , i n
4 de =((4*( PT ^2 -(3.14* do ^2/4) ) ) /(3.14* do ) ) ;
5 printf ( ” \ t e q u i v a l e n t d i a m e t e r i s : %. 2 f i n \n ” , de ) ;
6 De =( de /12) ; // f t
7 printf ( ” \ t De i s : %. 3 f i n \n ” , De ) ;
8 // end
Scilab code Exa 7.2 Calculation of FT for Fluids with Equal Ranges
book \n ” ) ;
3 printf ( ” \ t c o n s i d e r i n g 50F a p p r o a c h \n ” ) ;
4 T1 =350; //F
33
5 T2 =250; //F
6 t2 = T2 -50; // f o r m u l a f o r a p p r o a c h , f
7 printf ( ” \ t t 2 i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , t2 ) ;
8 printf ( ” \ t f l u i d s a r e w i t h e q u a l r a n g e s , s o \n ” ) ;
9 t1 = t2 -( T1 - T2 ) ; // F
10 printf ( ” \ t t 1 i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , t1 ) ;
11 R =(( T1 - T2 ) /( t2 - t1 ) ) ;
12 printf ( ” \ t R i s : %. 0 f \n ” ,R ) ;
13 S =(( t2 - t1 ) /( T1 - t1 ) ) ;
14 printf ( ” \ t S i s : %. 2 f \n ” ,S ) ;
15 printf ( ” \ t FT i s 0 . 9 2 5 \n ” ) ; // from f i g 18
16 printf ( ” \ t c o n s i d e r i n g 0F a p p r o a c h \n ” ) ;
17 T1 =300; //F
18 T2 =200; //F
19 t2 = T2 -0; // f o r m u l a f o r a p p r o a c h , f
20 printf ( ” \ t t 2 i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , t2 ) ;
22 t1 = t2 -( T1 - T2 ) ; // F
23 printf ( ” \ t t 1 i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , t1 ) ;
24 R =(( T1 - T2 ) /( t2 - t1 ) ) ;
25 printf ( ” \ t R i s : %. 0 f \n ” ,R ) ;
26 S =(( t2 - t1 ) /( T1 - t1 ) ) ;
27 printf ( ” \ t S i s : %. 2 f \n ” ,S ) ;
28 printf ( ” \ t FT i s 0 . 8 0 \n ” ) ; // from f i g 18
29 printf ( ” \ t c o n s i d e r i n g 20F c r o s s \n ” ) ;
30 T1 =280; //F
31 T2 =180; //F
32 t2 = T2 +20; // f o r m u l a f o r a p p r o a c h , f
33 printf ( ” \ t t 2 i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , t2 ) ;
35 t1 = t2 -( T1 - T2 ) ; // F
36 printf ( ” \ t t 1 i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , t1 ) ;
37 R =(( T1 - T2 ) /( t2 - t1 ) ) ;
38 printf ( ” \ t R i s : %. 0 f \n ” ,R ) ;
39 S =(( t2 - t1 ) /( T1 - t1 ) ) ;
40 printf ( ” \ t S i s : %. 3 f \n ” ,S ) ;
42 // end
34
Scilab code Exa 7.3 Calculation of a Kerosene Crude Oil Exchanger
book \n ” ) ;
7 W =43800; // l b / h r
8 w =149000; // l b / h r
10 printf ( ” \ t f o r k e r o s e n e \n ” ) ;
11 c =0.605; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
12 Q1 =(( W ) *( c ) *( T1 - T2 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
13 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r k e r o s e n e i s : %. 1
e Btu / h r \n ” , Q1 ) ; // c a l c u l a t i o n m i s t a k e i n
problem
14 printf ( ” \ t f o r c r u d e o i l \n ” ) ;
15 c =0.49; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
16 Q =(( w ) *( c ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
17 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r mid c o n t i n e n t
c r u d e i s : %. 1 e Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ; // c a l c u l a t i o n
mistake i n problem
18 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
19 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
24 R =(( T1 - T2 ) /( t2 - t1 ) ) ;
25 printf ( ” \ t R i s : %. 2 f \n ” ,R ) ;
26 S =(( t2 - t1 ) /( T1 - t1 ) ) ;
27 printf ( ” \ t S i s : %. 3 f \n ” ,S ) ;
35
29 delt =(0.905* LMTD ) ; // F
30 printf ( ” \ t d e l t i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , delt ) ;
31 X =(( delt1 ) /( delt2 ) ) ;
i s : %. 3 f \n ” ,X ) ;
33 Fc =0.42; // from f i g . 1 7
34 Kc =0.20; // c r u d e o i l c o n t r o l l i n g
hot f l u i d , F
f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
cold fluid ,F
. 0 f F \n ” , tc ) ;
39 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : s h e l l s i d e , k e r o s e n e \n ” ) ;
40 ID =21.25; // i n
41 C =0.25; // c l e a r a n c e
42 B =5; // b a f f l e s p a c i n g , i n
43 PT =1.25;
44 as =(( ID * C * B ) /(144* PT ) ) ; // f l o w a r e a , f t ˆ2
45 printf ( ” \ t f l o w a r e a i s : %. 4 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , as ) ;
46 Gs =( W / as ) ; // mass v e l o c i t y , l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 )
” , Gs ) ;
48 mu1 =0.40*2.42; // a t 280F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r ) , from f i g . 1 4
49 De =0.99/12; // from f i g . 2 8 , f t
50 Res =(( De ) *( Gs ) / mu1 ) ; // r e y n o l d s number
51 printf ( ” \ t r e y n o l d s number i s : %. 2 e \n ” , Res ) ;
52 jH =93; // from f i g . 2 8
power 1/3
. 6 . 1 5 , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
36
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Ho ) ;
59 printf ( ” \ t c o l d f l u i d : i n n e r t u b e s i d e , c r u d e o i l \n ” )
;
60 D =0.0675; // f t
61 Nt =158;
62 n =4; // number o f p a s s e s
63 L =16; // f t
64 at1 =0.515; // f l o w a r e a , i n ˆ2
65 at =(( Nt * at1 ) /(144* n ) ) ; // t o t a l a r e a , f t ˆ 2 , from eq
.7.48
66 printf ( ” \ t f l o w a r e a i s : %. 3 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , at ) ;
67 Gt =( w /( at ) ) ; // mass v e l o c i t y , l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 )
” , Gt ) ;
69 mu2 =3.6*2.42; // a t 129F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
70 Ret =(( D ) *( Gt ) / mu2 ) ; // r e y n o l d s number
71 printf ( ” \ t r e y n o l d s number i s : %. 2 e \n ” , Ret ) ;
72 jH =31; // from f i g . 2 4
power 1/3
77 Hi =(( jH ) *( k / D ) *( Pr ) *(1^0.14) ) ; // Hi =( h i / phyp ) , u s i n g
eq . 6 . 1 5 a , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
79 ID =0.81; // f t
80 OD =1; // f t
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Hio ) ;
84 phyt =( mu2 / muw ) ^0.14;
85 printf ( ” \ t phyt i s : %. 2 f \n ” , phyt ) ; // from f i g . 2 4
86 hio =( Hio ) *( phyt ) ; // from eq . 6 . 3 7
87 printf ( ” \ t C o r r e c t h i 0 t o t h e s u r f a c e a t t h e OD i s :
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio ) ;
37
88 tw =( tc ) +((( Ho ) /( Hio + Ho ) ) *( Tc - tc ) ) ; // from eq . 5 . 3 1
91 phys =( mu1 / muw ) ^0.14;
92 printf ( ” \ t phys i s : %. 2 f \n ” , phys ) ; // from f i g . 2 4
93 ho =( Ho ) *( phys ) ; // from eq . 6 . 3 6
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
97 A2 =0.2618; // a c t u a l s u r f a c e s u p p l i e d f o r e a c h tube ,
f t ˆ 2 , from t a b l e 10
98 A =( Nt * L * A2 ) ; // f t ˆ2
99 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l s u r f a c e a r e a i s : %. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ” ,A ) ;
100 UD =(( Q ) /(( A ) *( delt ) ) ) ;
. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
n ” , Rd ) ;
105 f =0.00175; // f r i c t i o n f a c t o r f o r r e y n o l d s number
25300 , using f i g .29
106 s =0.73; // f o r r e y n o l d s number 2 5 3 0 0 , u s i n g f i g . 6
107 Ds =21.25/12; // f t
108 N =(12* L / B ) ; // number o f c r o s s e s , u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 3
109 printf ( ” \ t number o f c r o s s e s a r e : %. 0 f \n ” ,N ) ;
110 delPs =(( f *( Gs ^2) *( Ds ) *( N ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( De ) *( s ) *(
phys ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 4 , p s i
111 printf ( ” \ t d e l P s i s : %. 1 f p s i \n ” , delPs ) ;
8220 , using f i g .26
115 s =0.83;
116 delPt =(( f *( Gt ^2) *( L ) *( n ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( D ) *( s ) *(
38
phyt ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 5 , p s i
117 printf ( ” \ t d e l P t i s : %. 1 f p s i \n ” , delPt ) ;
118 X1 =0.15; // X1=((Vˆ 2 ) / ( 2 ∗ g ) ) , f o r Gt 1 0 6 0 0 0 0 , u s i n g
f i g .27
119 delPr =((4* n * X1 ) /( s ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 6 , p s i
120 printf ( ” \ t d e l P r i s : %. 1 f p s i \n ” , delPr ) ;
121 delPT = delPt + delPr ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 7 , p s i
122 printf ( ” \ t delPT i s : %. 1 f p s i \n ” , delPT ) ;
123 printf ( ” \ t a l l o w a b l e d e l P s i s 10 p s i \n ” ) ;
124 // end
Scilab code Exa 7.4 Calculation of a Distilled water Raw water Exchanger
book \n ” ) ;
7 W =175000; // l b / h r
8 w =280000; // l b / h r
10 printf ( ” \ t f o r d i s t i l l e d w a t e r \n ” ) ;
11 c =1; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
12 Q =(( W ) *( c ) *( T1 - T2 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
13 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r d i s t i l l e d w a t e r
i s : %. 1 e Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
14 printf ( ” \ t f o r raw w a t e r \n ” ) ;
15 c =1; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
16 Q =(( w ) *( c ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
17 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r raw w a t e r i s : %
. 1 e Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
18 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
19 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
39
24 R =(( T1 - T2 ) /( t2 - t1 ) ) ;
25 printf ( ” \ t R i s : %. 2 f \n ” ,R ) ;
26 S =(( t2 - t1 ) /( T1 - t1 ) ) ;
27 printf ( ” \ t S i s : %. 3 f \n ” ,S ) ;
29 delt =(0.945* LMTD ) ; // F
31 X =(( delt1 ) /( delt2 ) ) ;
i s : %. 3 f \n ” ,X ) ;
33 Fc =0.42; // from f i g . 1 7
35 Tc =(( T2 ) +( T1 ) ) /2; // c a l o r i c t e m p e r a t u r e o f h o t
fluid ,F
f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
37 tc =(( t1 ) +( t2 ) ) /2; // c a l o r i c t e m p e r a t u r e o f c o l d
fluid ,F
. 1 f F \n ” , tc ) ;
39 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : s h e l l s i d e , d i s t i l l e d w a t e r \n ” )
;
40 ID =15.25; // i n
41 C =0.1875; // c l e a r a n c e
43 PT =0.9375;
44 as =(( ID * C * B ) /(144* PT ) ) ; // f l o w a r e a , f t ˆ 2 , u s i n g eq
.7.1
46 Gs =( W / as ) ; // mass v e l o c i t y , l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) , u s i n g eq
.7.2
” , Gs ) ;
40
49 De =0.55/12; // from f i g . 2 8 , f t
52 jH =73; // from f i g . 2 8
53 c =1; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F ) , a t 89F , from f i g . t a b l e 4
power 1/3
57 ho =(( jH ) *( k / De ) *( Pr ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 6 . 1 5 , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t
ˆ2) ∗(F)
%. 2 e Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
59 printf ( ” \ t c o l d f l u i d : i n n e r t u b e s i d e , raw w a t e r \n ” )
;
60 Nt =160;
62 L =16; // f t
63 at1 =0.334; // f l o w a r e a , i n ˆ 2 , from t a b l e 10
.7.48
” , Gt ) ;
68 V =( Gt /(3600*62.5) ) ;
69 printf ( ” \ t V i s %. 1 f f p s \n ” ,V ) ;
70 mu2 =0.92*2.42; // a t 7 7 . 5 F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
71 D =0.65/12; // f t
74 hi =1350*0.99; // u s i n g f i g . 2 5 , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
75 ID =0.65; // f t
76 OD =0.75; // f t
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio ) ;
41
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
81 printf ( ” \ t w h e n b o t h . f i l m c o e f f i c i e n t s a r e h i g h
the thermal r e s i s t a n c e o f the tube metal i s not
n e c e s s a r i l y i n s i g n i f i c a n t a s assumed i n t h e
d e r i v a t i o n o f Eq . ( 6 . 3 8 ) . For a s t e e l 1 . 8 BWG
t u b e Rm= 0 . 0 0 0 1 7 and f o r c o p p e r Rm= 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 7 \n ” )
;
83 A =( Nt * L * A2 ) ; // f t ˆ2
85 UD =(( Q ) /(( A ) *( delt ) ) ) ;
. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
n ” , Rd ) ;
16200 , using f i g .29
91 s =1; // f o r r e y n o l d s number 2 5 3 0 0 , u s i n g f i g . 6
92 Ds =15.25/12; // f t
93 phys =1;
96 delPs =(( f *( Gs ^2) *( Ds ) *( N ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( De ) *( s ) *(
phys ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 4 , p s i
36400 , using f i g .26
101 s =1;
102 phyt =1;
103 D =0.054; // f t
104 delPt =(( f *( Gt ^2) *( L ) *( n ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( D ) *( s ) *(
42
phyt ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 5 , p s i
f i g .27
111 printf ( ” \ t a l l o w a b l e delPT i s 10 p s i \n ” ) ;
112 // end
Scilab code Exa 7.5 Calculation of the Optimum Outlet water Tempera-
ture
book \n ” ) ;
6 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
8 U =15; // a s s u m p t i o n , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
9 theta =8000; // o p e r a t i n g h o u r s , h r
10 CW =(0.01/8300) ; // w a t e r c o s t , $ / l b
11 printf ( ” \ t For a n n u a l c h a r g e s assume 20 p e r c e n t
r e p a i r and m a i n t e n a n c . e and 10 p e r c e n t
d e p r e c i a t i o n \n ” ) ;
12 CF =(0.3*4) ; // a n n u a l f i x e d c h a r g e s / f t ˆ2
13 c =1; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
14 X =(( U ) *( theta ) *( CW ) /( CF * c ) ) ;
15 printf ( ” \ t X i s : %. 4 f \n ” ,X ) ;
16 Y =(( T1 - T2 ) / delt1 ) ;
17 printf ( ” \ t Y i s : %. 2 f \n ” ,Y ) ;
18 A =0.96; // A=( d e l t 2 / d e l t 1 ) , from f i g 7 . 2 4
43
19 delt2 =0.96* delt1 ;
21 t2 = T1 - delt2 ; // F
22 printf ( ” \ t t 2 i s : %. 1 f F \n ” , t2 ) ;
23 // end
Scilab code Exa 7.6 Calculation of a Phosphate Solution Cooler
book \n ” ) ;
7 W =20160; // l b / h r
8 w =41600; // l b / h r
10 printf ( ” \ t f o r s o l u t i o n \n ” ) ;
11 c =(0.3*0.19) +(0.7*1) ; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F ) , b c o z o f 30
percent of solution
12 Q1 =(( W ) *( c ) *( T1 - T2 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
13 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r s o l u t i o n i s : %. 2
e Btu / h r \n ” , Q1 ) ;
14 printf ( ” \ t f o r w a t e r \n ” ) ;
15 c =1; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
16 Q =(( w ) *( c ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
17 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r w a t e r i s : %. 2 e
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
18 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
19 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
44
24 R =(( T1 - T2 ) /( t2 - t1 ) ) ;
25 printf ( ” \ t R i s : %. 2 f \n ” ,R ) ;
26 S =(( t2 - t1 ) /( T1 - t1 ) ) ;
27 printf ( ” \ t S i s : %. 3 f \n ” ,S ) ;
29 delt =(0.81* LMTD ) ; // F
fluid ,F
f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
fluid ,F
. 1 f F \n ” , tc ) ;
35 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : s h e l l s i d e , p h o s p h a t e s o l u t i o n \
n”);
36 ID =10.02; // i n
37 C =0.25; // c l e a r a n c e
39 PT =1;
40 as =(( ID * C * B ) /(144* PT ) ) ; // f l o w a r e a , f t ˆ 2 , u s i n g eq
.7.1
42 Gs =( W / as ) ; // mass v e l o c i t y , l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) , u s i n g eq
.7.2
” , Gs ) ;
45 De =0.95/12; // from f i g . 2 8 , f t
48 jH =71; // from f i g . 2 8
49 c =1; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F ) , a t 120F , from f i g . t a b l e 4
51 Pr =((0.757) *( mu1 ) / k ) ^(1/3) ; // p r a n d e l t number
r a i s e d t o power 1/3
45
53 ho =(( jH ) *( k / De ) *( Pr ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 6 . 1 5 , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t
ˆ2) ∗(F)
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
55 printf ( ” \ t c o l d f l u i d : i n n e r t u b e s i d e , raw w a t e r \n ” )
;
56 Nt =52;
58 L =16; // f t
.7.48
” , Gt ) ;
64 V =( Gt /(3600*62.5) ) ;
66 mu2 =0.91*2.42; // a t 79F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r ) , from t a b l e 14
67 D =(0.62/12) ; // from t a b l e 10
70 hi =800*1; // u s i n g f i g . 2 5 , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
71 ID =0.62; // f t
72 OD =0.75; // f t
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio ) ;
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
78 A =( Nt * L * A2 ) ; // f t ˆ2
80 UD =(( Q ) /(( A ) *( delt ) ) ) ;
46
. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
n ” , Rd ) ;
15750 , using f i g .29
87 Ds =10.02/12; // f t
88 phys =1;
91 delPs =(( f *( Gs ^2) *( Ds ) *( N ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( De ) *( s ) *(
phys ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 4 , p s i
17900 , using f i g .26
96 s =1;
97 phyt =1;
98 D =0.0517; // f t
99 delPt =(( f *( Gt ^2) *( L ) *( n ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( D ) *( s ) *(
phyt ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 5 , p s i
f i g .27
107 // end
Scilab code Exa 7.7 The Optimum Use of Exhaust and Process Steam
47
book \n ” ) ;
3 U =50; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
4 TP =328; // F
5 TE =228; // F
6 CP =(0.30/(888.8*1000) ) ;
7 CE =(0.05/(960*1000) ) ;
8 CF =1.20;
9 theta =8000; // a n n u a l h o u r s
10 X =(( CF *( TP - TE ) ) /(( CP - CE ) * U * theta ) ) ; // from eq 7 . 5 3
11 printf ( ” \ t X i s : %. 9 f \n ” ,X ) ;
12 a =(1) ; // c o e f f i c i e n t o f t ˆ2
13 b =( -556) ; // c o e f f i c i e n t o f t
14 c =(74784 - X ) ; // c o n s t a n t
15 printf ( ” \ t c o e f f i c i e n t o f t ˆ2 i s : %. 2 f \n ” ,a ) ;
16 printf ( ” \ t c o e f f i c i e n t o f t i s : %. 2 f \n ” ,b ) ;
17 printf ( ” \ t c o n s t a n t term i s : %. 9 f \n ” ,c ) ;
18 P = poly ([ c b a ] , ’ t ’ , ’ c ’ ) ;
19 t = roots ( P ) ;
20 printf ( ” \ t t i s :%. 0 f \n ” ,t ) ;
21 printf ( ” \ t t c a n n o t be g r e a t e r t h a n 328F \n \ t t i s
218F \n ” ) ;
22 // end
Scilab code Exa 7.8 Calculation of a Sugar solution Heater without Baflles
book \n ” ) ;
7 W =200000; // l b / h r
48
8 w =3950; // l b / h r
10 printf ( ” \ t f o r s o l u t i o n \n ” ) ;
11 c =(0.2*0.30) +(0.8*1) ; // b c o z o f 20 p e r c e n t solution
, Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
12 Q1 =(( W ) *( c ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
13 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r s o l u t i o n i s : %. 2
e Btu / h r \n ” , Q1 ) ;
14 printf ( ” \ t f o r steam \n ” ) ;
15 l =960.1; // l a t e n t h e a t o f c o n d e n s a t i o n , Btu / ( l b )
16 Q =(( w ) *( l ) ) ; // Btu / h r
17 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r steam i s : %. 2 e
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
18 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
19 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
24 R =(( T1 - T2 ) /( t2 - t1 ) ) ;
25 printf ( ” \ t R i s : %. 0 f \n ” ,R ) ;
26 delt =( LMTD ) ; // when R=0 ,F
28 printf ( ” \ t The steam c o e f f i c i e n t w i l l be v e r y g r e a t
compared w i t h t h a t f o r t h e s u g a r s o l u t i o n , and
t h e t u b e w a l l w i l l be c o n s i d e r a b l y n e a r e r 228 F
than the c a l o r i c temperature o f the f l u i d . Obtain
Fc from U1 and U0 F a i l u r e t o c o r r e c t f o r w a l l
e f f e c t s , however , w i l l k e e p t h e h e a t e r
c a l c u l a t i o n on t h e s a f e s i d e . \ n ” ) ;
29 ta =111; //F
30 Ta =228; // f
31 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : t u b e s i d e , steam \n ” ) ;
32 Nt =76;
34 L =16; // f t
35 at1 =0.302; // f l o w a r e a , i n ˆ2
49
.7.48
39 printf ( ” \ t mass v e l o c i t y i s : %. 2 e l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) \n ”
, Gt ) ;
40 mu2 =0.0128*2.42; // a t 228F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
41 D =(0.62/12) ; // from t a b l e 1 0 , f t
44 hio =1500; // f o r c o n d e n s a t i o n o f steam
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio ) ;
46 printf ( ” \ t c o l d f l u i d : s h e l l s i d e , s u g a r s o l u t i o n \n ” )
;
47 ID =12; // i n
48 d =0.75/12; // d i a m e t e r o f tube , f t
49 Nt =76; // number o f t u b e s
50 as =((3.14*(12^2) /4) -(76*3.14*(0.75^2) /4) ) /144; //
f l o w a r e a , f t ˆ2
” , Gs ) ;
55 De =((4* as ) /( Nt *3.14* d ) ) ; // from eq . 6 . 3 , f t
56 printf ( ” \ t De i s : %. 3 f f t \n ” , De ) ;
59 jH =61.5; // from f i g . 2 4 , t u b e s i d e d a t a
61 k =0.333; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F/ f t )
power 1/3
. 6 . 1 5 , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Ho ) ;
50
66 muw =0.51*2.42; // a t 210F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r ) , from f i g . 1 4
67 phys =( mu1 / muw ) ^0.14;
69 ho =( Ho ) *( phys ) ; // from eq . 6 . 3 6
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
71 tw =( ta ) +((( hio ) /( hio + Ho ) ) *( Ta - ta ) ) ; // from eq . 5 . 3 1
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
76 A =( Nt * L * A2 ) ; // f t ˆ2
78 UD =(( Q ) /(( A ) *( LMTD ) ) ) ;
. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
n ” , Rd ) ;
82500 , using f i g .26
84 s =0.0008;
85 phyt =1;
86 D =0.0517;
87 delPt =(( f *( Gt ^2) *( L ) *(2) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( D ) *( s ) *(
phyt ) ) ) /2; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 5 , p s i
90 De1 =((4* as ) /(( Nt *3.14* d ) +(3.14*1) ) ) ; // from eq . 6 . 4 ,
ft
92 Res1 =( De1 * Gs / mu1 ) ; // from eq 7 . 3
93 printf ( ” \ t Res1 i s : %. 2 e \n ” , Res1 ) ;
94 f =0.00025; // f r i c t i o n f a c t o r , u s i n g f i g . 2 6
51
96 delPs =(( f *( Gs ^2) *( L ) *(1) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( De1 ) *( s ) *(
phys ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 4 , p s i
98 // end
Scilab code Exa 7.9 Outlet Temperatures
book \n ” ) ;
3 T1 =390; // F
4 t1 =100; // F
5 U =69.3; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
6 A =662; // f t ˆ2
7 W =43800; // l b / h r
8 w =149000; // l b / h r
9 C =0.60; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
10 c =0.49; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
11 X =(( U * A ) /( w * c ) ) ;
12 printf ( ” \ t X i s : %. 2 f \n ” ,X ) ;
13 R =(( w * c ) /( W * C ) ) ;
14 printf ( ” \ t R i s : %. 2 f \n ” ,R ) ;
15 S =0.265; // from f i g 7 . 2 5 , by c o m p a r i n g X an R
16 t2 =( t1 ) +((0.265) *( T1 - t1 ) ) ; // S =(( t2 −t 1 ) / ( T1−t 1 ) )
17 printf ( ” \ t t 2 i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , t2 ) ;
18 T2 =(( T1 ) -(( R ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ) ; // R=((T1−T2 ) / ( t2 −t 1 ) )
19 printf ( ” \ t T2 i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , T2 ) ;
20 // end
52
Chapter 8
Flow Arrangements for

increased heat recovery
Scilab code Exa 8.1 Calculation of a Oil Cooler
book \n ” ) ;
7 W =49600; // l b / h r
8 w =233000; // l b / h r
10 printf ( ” \ t f o r o i l \n ” ) ;
11 c =0.545; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
12 Q =(( W ) *( c ) *( T1 - T2 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
13 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r o i l i s : %. 2 e Btu
/ h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
15 c =1; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
16 Q =(( w ) *( c ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
53
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
18 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
19 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
24 R =(( T1 - T2 ) /( t2 - t1 ) ) ;
25 printf ( ” \ t R i s : %. 1 f \n ” ,R ) ;
26 S =(( t2 - t1 ) /( T1 - t1 ) ) ;
27 printf ( ” \ t S i s : %. 3 f \n ” ,S ) ;
28 printf ( ” \ t FT i s 0 . 9 3 \n ” ) ; // from f i g 19 f o r 2−4
exchanger
29 delt =(0.93* LMTD ) ; // F
31 X =(( delt1 ) /( delt2 ) ) ;
i s : %. 3 f \n ” ,X ) ;
33 Fc =0.25; // from f i g . 1 7
hot f l u i d , F
f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
cold fluid ,F
. 0 f F \n ” , tc ) ;
39 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : s h e l l s i d e , o i l \n ” ) ;
40 ID =35; // i n
41 C =0.25; // c l e a r a n c e
43 PT =1.25;
44 as =(( ID * C * B ) /(144* PT ) ) /2; // f l o w a r e a , f t ˆ 2 , from eq
7.1
46 Gs =( W / as ) ; // mass v e l o c i t y , l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) , from eq
7.2
54
” , Gs ) ;
49 De =0.99/12; // from f i g . 2 8 , f t
52 jH =52.5; // from f i g . 2 8
53 Z =0.2; // Z=(k ) ∗ ( Pr ∗ ( 1 / 3 ) ) p r a n d e l t number
54 Ho =(( jH ) *(1/ De ) *( Z ) ) ; // H0=(h0 / phys ) , u s i n g eq . 6 . 1 5 ,
Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Ho ) ;
56 printf ( ” \ t c o l d f l u i d : i n n e r t u b e s i d e , w a t e r \n ” ) ;
57 Nt =454;
59 L =12; // f t
60 at1 =0.455; // f l o w a r e a , i n ˆ2
.7.48
” , Gt ) ;
65 V =( Gt /(3600*62.5) ) ; // f p s
67 mu2 =0.73*2.42; // a t 98F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r ) , from f i g 14
68 D =(0.76/12) ; // f t , from t a b l e 10
71 hi =1010*0.96; // u s i n g f i g 2 5 , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
72 printf ( ” \ t h i i s : %. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hi ) ;
73 ID =0.76; // f t
74 OD =1; // f t
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio ) ;
77 tw =( tc ) +((( Ho ) /( hio + Ho ) ) *( Tc - tc ) ) ; // from eq . 5 . 3 1
55
80 phys =( mu1 / muw ) ^0.14;
82 ho =( Ho ) *( phys ) ; // from eq . 6 . 3 6
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
87 A =( Nt * L * A2 ) ; // f t ˆ2
89 Q =6980000; // t a k i n g r o u n d e d v a l u e , Btu / h r
90 UD =(( Q ) /(( A ) *( delt ) ) ) ;
. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
n ” , Rd ) ;
8900 , using f i g .29
97 Ds =35/12; // f t
100 delPs =(( f *( Gs ^2) *( Ds ) *(2* N ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( De ) *( s )
*( phys ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 4 , p s i
34900 , using f i g .26
105 s =1;
106 D =0.0633; // f t
107 phyt =1;
56
108 delPt =(( f *( Gt ^2) *( L ) *( n ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( D ) *( s ) *(
phyt ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 5 , p s i
f i g .27
116 // end
Scilab code Exa 8.2 calculation of an Acetone Acetic Acid Exchanger
book \n ” ) ;
7 W =60000; // l b / h r
8 w =168000; // l b / h r
10 printf ( ” \ t f o r a c e t o n e \n ” ) ;
11 c =0.57; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
12 Q =(( W ) *( c ) *( T1 - T2 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
13 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r a c e t o n e i s : %. 2 e
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ; // c a l c u l a t i o n m i s t a k e i n p r o b l e m
14 printf ( ” \ t f o r a c e t i c a c i d \n ” ) ;
15 c =0.51; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
16 Q1 =(( w ) *( c ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
17 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r a c e t i c a c i d i s :
%. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” , Q1 ) ; // c a l c u l a t i o n m i s t a k e i n
problem
57
18 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
19 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
24 R =(( T1 - T2 ) /( t2 - t1 ) ) ;
25 printf ( ” \ t R i s : %. 1 f \n ” ,R ) ;
26 S =(( t2 - t1 ) /( T1 - t1 ) ) ;
27 printf ( ” \ t S i s : %. 3 f \n ” ,S ) ;
28 printf ( ” \ t FT i s 0 . 8 8 \n ” ) ; // from f i g 2 0 , f o r 3−6
exchanger
29 delt =(0.88* LMTD ) ; // F
fluid ,F
f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
fluid ,F
. 0 f F \n ” , tc ) ;
35 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : s h e l l s i d e , a c e t o n e \n ” ) ;
36 ID =21.25; // i n
37 C =0.25; // c l e a r a n c e
39 PT =1;
” , Gs ) ;
45 De =0.95/12; // from f i g . 2 8 , f t
48 phys =1;
49 jH =137; // from f i g . 2 8
58
power 1/3
54 ho =(( jH ) *( k / De ) *( Pr ) *1) ; // u s i n g eq . 6 . 1 5 b , Btu / ( h r )
∗( f t ˆ2) ∗(F)
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
56 printf ( ” \ t c o l d f l u i d : i n n e r t u b e s i d e , a c e t i c a c i d \n
”);
57 Nt =270;
59 L =16; // f t
.7.48
” , Gt ) ;
65 mu2 =0.85*2.42; // a t 120F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
66 D =(0.584/12) ; // f t
69 jH =56; // from f i g . 2 4
72 phyt =1;
power 1/3
75 hi =(( jH ) *( k / D ) *( Pr ) *(1^0.14) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 6 . 1 5 a , Btu
/( hr ) ∗( f t ˆ2) ∗(F)
77 ID =0.584; // f t
78 OD =0.75; // f t
79 hio =(( hi ) *( ID / OD ) ) ; // Hio =( h i o / phyp ) , u s i n g eq . 6 . 5
59
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio ) ;
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
84 A =3*( Nt * L * A2 ) ; // f t ˆ2
85 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l s u r f a c e a r e a i s : %. 2 e f t ˆ2 \n ” ,A ) ;
86 UD =(( Q ) /(( A ) *( delt ) ) ) ;
. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
n ” , Rd ) ;
52200 , using f i g .29
92 s =0.79; // f o r r e y n o l d s number 2 5 3 0 0 , u s i n g t a b l e . 6
93 Ds =21.25/12; // f t
94 N =(12* L / B ) +1; // number o f c r o s s e s , u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 3
96 delPs =(( f *( Gs ^2) *( Ds ) *(3* N ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( De ) *( s )
*( phys ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 4 , p s i
158000 , using f i g .26
101 s =1.07;
102 D =0.0487; // f t
103 delPt =(( f *( Gt ^2) *( L ) *( n *3) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( D ) *( s ) *(
phyt ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 5 , p s i
f i g .27
106 delPr =(3) *((4* n * X1 ) /( s ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 6 , p s i
60
111 // end
61
Chapter 9
Gases
Scilab code Exa 9.1 Calculation of an Ammonia Compressor Aftercooler
book \n ” ) ;
7 W =9872; // l b / h r
8 w =78500; // l b / h r
10 printf ( ” \ t f o r ammonia g a s \n ” ) ;
11 c =0.53; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
12 Q =(( W ) *( c ) *( T1 - T2 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
13 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r ammonia g a s i s :
%. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
15 c =1; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
16 Q =(( w ) *( c ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
17 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r w a t e r i s : %. 2 f
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
18 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
62
19 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
24 R =(( T1 - T2 ) /( t2 - t1 ) ) ;
25 printf ( ” \ t R i s : %. 0 f \n ” ,R ) ;
26 S =(( t2 - t1 ) /( T1 - t1 ) ) ;
27 printf ( ” \ t S i s : %. 4 f \n ” ,S ) ;
29 delt =(0.837* LMTD ) ; // F
fluid ,F
f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
fluid ,F
. 0 f F \n ” , tc ) ;
35 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : s h e l l s i d e , ammonia a t 83 p s i a \n
”);
36 ID =23.25; // i n
37 C =0.1875; // c l e a r a n c e
39 PT =0.937;
40 as =(( ID * C * B ) /(144* PT ) ) ; // f l o w a r e a , f t ˆ 2 , from eq
7.1
42 Gs =( W / as ) ; // mass v e l o c i t y , l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) , from eq
7.2
” , Gs ) ;
45 De =0.55/12; // from f i g . 2 8 , f t
48 jH =118; // from f i g . 2 8
63
50 Z =0.97; // Z=(Pr ∗ ( 1 / 3 ) ) p r a n d e l t number
51 ho =(( jH ) *( k / De ) *( Z ) *1) ; // u s i n g eq . 6 . 1 5 , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ (
f t ˆ2) ∗(F)
%. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
54 Nt =364;
56 L =8; // f t
.7.48
” , Gt ) ;
62 V =( Gt /(3600*62.5) ) ; // f p s
64 mu2 =0.82*2.42; // a t 90F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r ) , from f i g 14
65 D =(0.62/12) ; // f t , from t a b l e 10
68 hi =900; // u s i n g f i g 2 5 , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
70 ID =0.62; // f t
71 OD =0.75; // f t
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio ) ;
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
77 A =( Nt * L * A2 ) ; // f t ˆ2
64
79 UD =(( Q ) /(( A ) *( delt ) ) ) ;
80 printf ( ” \ t a c t u a l d e s i g n overall coefficient is : %
. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
n ” , Rd ) ;
40200 , using f i g .29
85 Ds =23.25/12; // f t
86 phys =1;
89 rowgas =0.209;
90 printf ( ” \ t r o w g a s i s %. 3 f l b / f t ˆ3 \n ” , rowgas ) ;
91 s = rowgas /62.5;
92 printf ( ” \ t s i s %. 5 f \n ” ,s ) ;
93 delPs =(( f *( Gs ^2) *( Ds ) *( N ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( De ) *( s ) *(
phys ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 4 , p s i
21400 , using f i g .26
98 s =1;
99 D =0.0517; // f t
100 phyt =1;
101 delPt =(( f *( Gt ^2) *( L ) *( n ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( D ) *( s ) *(
phyt ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 5 , p s i
f i g .27
109 // end
65
Scilab code Exa 9.2 Calculation of the Heat Load for an Air Intercooler
book \n ” ) ;
3 V1 =4670; // i n l e t a i r volume , cfm
4 Pp =0.8153; // S a t u r a t i o n p a r t i a l p r e s s u r e o f w a t e r
a t 95F , p s i , from t a b l e 7
5 Ps =404.3; // S a t u r a t i o n s p e c i f i c volume o f w a t e r a t
95F , f t ˆ3/ l b , from t a b l e 7
6 printf ( ” \ t The a i r and w a t e r b o t h o c c u p y t h e same
volume a t t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e p a r t i a l p r e s s u r e s \n ” )
;
7 Vw1 =( V1 *60/ Ps ) ; // w a t e r e n t e r i n g p e r hr , l b
8 printf ( ” \ t volume o f w a t e r e n t e r i n g i s : %. 0 f l b \n ”
, Vw1 ) ;
9 printf ( ” \ t f o r f i r s t s t a g e \n ” ) ;
10 c =2.33; // c o m p r e s s i o n r a t i o
11 P1 =14.7; // p s i
12 P2 =( P1 * c ) ; // ( c =(P2/P1 ) ) , p s i
13 printf ( ” \ t P2 i s : %. 1 f p s i \n ” , P2 ) ;
14 gama =1.4; // f o r a i r
15 T1abs =95; // F
16 T2absr =(( T1abs +460) *( P2 / P1 ) ^(( gama -1) / gama ) ) ;
17 printf ( ” \ t T 2 a b s r i s : %. 0 f R \n ” , T2absr ) ;
18 T2abs =( T2absr -459.67) ; // F
19 printf ( ” \ t T2abs i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , T2abs ) ;
20 printf ( ” \ t f o r i n t e r c o o l e r \n ” ) ;
21 V2 =( V1 *60* P1 / P2 ) ; // f t ˆ3/ h r
22 printf ( ” \ t f i n a l g a s volume i s : %. 1 e f t ˆ3/ h r \n ” , V2
);
23 Vw2 =( V2 / Ps ) ; // w a t e r r e m a i n i n g i n a i r , l b / h r
24 printf ( ” \ t w a t e r r e m a i n i n g i n a i r i s : %. 0 f l b / h r \n
” , Vw2 ) ;
66
25 C =( Vw1 - Vw2 ) ; // c o n d e n s a t i o n i n i n t e r c o o l e r , l b / h r
26 printf ( ” \ t c o n d e n s a t i o n i n i n t e r c o o l e r i s : %. 0 f l b
/ h r \n ” ,C ) ;
27 Vs =14.8; // S p e c i f i c volume o f a t m o s p h e r i c a i r , f t ˆ3/
lb
28 printf ( ” \ t S p e c i f i c volume o f a t m o s p h e r i c a i r i s : %
. 1 f f t ˆ3/ l b \n ” , Vs ) ;
29 Va =( V1 *60/ Vs ) ; // a i r i n i n l e t gas , l b / h r
30 printf ( ” \ t a i r i n i n l e t g a s i s : %. 2 e l b / h r \n ” , Va ) ;
31 printf ( ” \ t h e a t l o a d ( 2 4 5 t o 95F ) \n ) ” ) ;
32 printf ( ” \ t s e n s i b l e h e a t \n ” ) ;
33 Qair =(( Va ) *(0.25) *(245 - T1abs ) ) ; // Btu / h r
34 printf ( ” \ t Q a i r i s : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” , Qair ) ;
35 Qwaters =( Vw1 *0.45*(245 - T1abs ) ) ; // Btu / h r
36 printf ( ” \ t Qwaters i s : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” , Qwaters ) ;
37 printf ( ” \ t l a t e n t h e a t \n ” ) ;
38 l =1040.1; // l a t e n t h e a t
39 Qwaterl =( C * l ) ; // Btu / h r
40 printf ( ” \ t Qwater1 i s : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” , Qwaterl ) ;
41 Qt1 = Qair + Qwaters + Qwaterl ;
42 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t i s : %. 3 e Btu / h r \n ” , Qt1 ) ;
43 printf ( ” \ t f o r s e c o n d s t a g e \n ” ) ;
44 c =2.33; // c o m p r e s s i o n r a t i o
45 P3 =( P2 * c ) ; // ( c =(P3/P1 ) ) , p s i
46 printf ( ” \ t P3 i s : %. 1 f p s i \n ” , P3 ) ;
47 V3 =( V1 *60* P1 / P3 ) ; // f t ˆ3/ h r
48 printf ( ” \ t f i n a l g a s volume i s : %. 2 e f t ˆ3/ h r \n ” , V3
);
49 Vw3 =( V3 / Ps ) ; // w a t e r r e m a i n i n g i n a i r , l b / h r
50 printf ( ” \ t w a t e r r e m a i n i n g i n a i r i s : %. 1 f l b / h r \n
” , Vw3 ) ;
51 C1 =(297 - Vw3 ) ; // c o n d e n s a t i o n i n i n t e r c o o l e r , l b / h r
52 printf ( ” \ t c o n d e n s a t i o n i n i n t e r c o o l e r i s : %. 1 f l b
/ h r \n ” , C1 ) ;
53 printf ( ” \ t h e a t l o a d ( 2 4 5 t o 95F ) \n ) ” ) ;
54 printf ( ” \ t s e n s i b l e h e a t \n ” ) ;
55 Qair =( Va *0.25*(245 - T1abs ) ) ; // Btu / h r
56 printf ( ” \ t Q a i r i s : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” , Qair ) ;
67
57 Qwaters =( Vw2 *0.44*(245 - T1abs ) ) ; // Btu / h r
58 printf ( ” \ t Qwater i s : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” , Qwaters ) ;
59 printf ( ” \ t l a t e n t h e a t \n ” ) ;
60 l =1040.1; // l a t e n t h e a t
61 Qwaterl =( C1 * l ) ; // Btu / hr , c a l c u l a t i o n m i s t a k e i n
book
62 printf ( ” \ t Qwater i s : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” , Qwaterl ) ;
63 Qt1 = Qair + Qwaters + Qwaterl ;
64 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t i s : %. 3 e Btu / h r \n ” , Qt1 ) ;
65 // end
Scilab code Exa 9.3 Calculation of the Dew Point after Compression
book \n ” ) ;
3 Va =18900; // a i r i n i n l e t g a s
4 Vw1 =692; // w a t e r e n t e r i n g
5 Ma =( Va /29) ; // m o l e s
6 Mw =( Vw1 /18) ; // m o l e s
7 M =( Ma + Mw ) ; // m o l e s
8 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l number o f m o l e s r e : %. 1 f \n ” ,M ) ;
9 printf ( ” \ t M o l e s o f a i r i s : %. 0 f \n ” , Ma ) ;
10 printf ( ” \ t M o l e s o f w a t e r i s : %. 1 f \n ” , Mw ) ;
11 printf ( ” \ t a f t e r c o m p r e s s i o n \n ” ) ;
12 P =34.2; // p r e s s u r e , p s i
13 pw =( Mw / M ) *( P ) ; // p a r t i a l p r e s s u r e
14 printf ( ” \ t p a r t i a l p r e s s u r e i s :%. 1 f p s i \n ” , pw ) ;
15 Td =124; // F , t a b l e t a b l e 7
16 printf ( ” \ t dew p o i n t i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , Td ) ;
17 // end
68
Chapter 10
Streamlineflow and steam

convection
Scilab code Exa 10.1 Crude Oil Heater
1 printf ( ” \ t e x a m p l e 1 0 . 1 \n ” ) ;
book \n ” ) ;
7 W =16000; // l b / h r
8 w =410; // l b / h r
10 printf ( ” \ t f o r c r u d e \n ” ) ;
11 c =0.485; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
12 Q =(( W ) *( c ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
13 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r c r u d e i s : %. 2 e
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
15 l =945.5; // Btu / ( l b )
16 Q =(( w ) *( l ) ) ; // Btu / h r
69
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
18 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
19 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
24 printf ( ” \ t On t h e a s s u m p t i o n t h a t t h e f l u i d s a r e
mixed b e t w e e n p a s s e s , e a c h p a s s must be s o l v e d
i n d e p e n d e n t l y . S i n c e o n l y two p a s s e s a r e p r e s e n t
in t h i s exchanger , i t i s simply a matter of
a s s u m i n g t h e t e m p e r a t u r e a t t h e end o f t h e f i r s t
p a s s . More t h a n h a l f t h e h e a t l o a d must be
t r a n s f e r r e d i n t h e f i r s t p a s s ; t h e r e f o r e assume
t i a t t h e end o f t h e f i r s t p a s s i s 125 F \n ” ) ;
25 ti =125; // F
26 tc =(( t1 ) +( ti ) ) /2; // c a l o r i c t e m p e r a t u r e o f c o l d
fluid ,F
. 0 f F \n ” , tc ) ;
28 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : s h e l l s i d e , steam \n ” ) ;
29 ho =(1500) ; // c o n d e n s a t i o n o f steam Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 )
∗(F)
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
31 printf ( ” \ t c o l d f l u i d : i n n e r t u b e s i d e , c r u d e \n ” ) ;
32 Nt =86;
34 L =12; // f t
.7.48
38 Gt =( W /(.177) ) ; // mass v e l o c i t y , l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 )
” , Gt ) ;
40 mu2 =2.95*2.42; // a t 145F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
41 D =(0.87/12) ; // f t
70
42 Ret1 =(( D ) *( Gt ) / mu2 ) ; // r e y n o l d s number
43 printf ( ” \ t r e y n o l d s number i s : %. 0 f \n ” , Ret1 ) ;
44 mu3 =4.8*2.42; // a t 110F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
45 D =(0.87/12) ; // f t
50 Pr =(( c ) *( mu3 ) / k ) ; // p r a n d e l t number
51 printf ( ” \ t p r a n d e l t number i s : %. 1 f \n ” , Pr ) ;
52 Hi =((1.86) *( k / D ) *(( Ret2 *( D / L ) * Pr ) ^(1/3) ) ) ; // u s i n g
eq . 6 . 1 , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
54 muw =1.2*2.42; // l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r ) , a t 249F from f i g . 1 4
55 phyt =( mu3 / muw ) ^0.14;
57 hi =( Hi ) *( phyt ) ; // from eq . 6 . 3 7
58 printf ( ” \ t C o r r e c t h i t o t h e s u r f a c e a t t h e OD i s :
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hi ) ;
59 tp =( tc ) +((( ho ) /( hi + ho ) ) *( T1 - tc ) ) ; // from eq . 5 . 3 1
60 printf ( ” \ t t p i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , tp ) ;
61 delt = tp - tc ; //F
63 Ai1 =0.228 // i n t e r n a l s u r f a c e p e r f o o t o f l e n g t h , f t
64 Ai =( Nt * L * Ai1 /2) ; // f t ˆ2
65 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l s u r f a c e a r e a i s : %. 1 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , Ai )
;
66 delt3 =(( hi * Ai * delt ) /( W * c ) ) ; // d e l t 3=t i −t1 , F
68 ti = t1 + delt3 ; // F
69 printf ( ” \ t t i i s : %. 1 f F \n ” , ti ) ;
70 printf ( ” \ t The o i l now e n t e r s t h e s e c o n d p a s s a t
1 2 6 . 9 F \n ” ) ;
71 // end
71
Scilab code Exa 10.2 Kerosene Heater
book \n ” ) ;
7 W =16000; // l b / h r
8 w =423; // l b / h r
10 printf ( ” \ t f o r k e r o s e n e \n ” ) ;
11 c =0.5; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
12 Q =(( W ) *( c ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
f Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
15 l =945.5; // Btu / ( l b )
16 Q =(( w ) *( l ) ) ; // Btu / h r
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
18 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
19 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
fluid ,F
. 0 f F \n ” , tc ) ;
27 ho =(1500) ; // c o n d e n s a t i o n o f steam Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 )
∗(F)
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
29 printf ( ” \ t c o l d f l u i d : i n n e r t u b e s i d e , k e r o s e n e \n ” ) ;
72
30 Nt =86;
32 L =12; // f t
.7.48
36 Gt =( W /(.177) ) ; // mass v e l o c i t y , l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 )
” , Gt ) ;
38 mu2 =1.36*2.42; // a t 145F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
39 D =(0.87/12) ; // f t
42 mu3 =1.75*2.42; // a t 120F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
43 D =(0.87/12) ; // f t
45 printf ( ” \ t r e y n o l d s number i s : %. 1 e \n ” , Ret2 ) ;
46 Z1 =331; // Z1=(L∗n /D)
47 jH =3.1; // from f i g 24
48 mu4 =1.75; // cp and 40 API
49 Z2 =0.24; // Z2 =(( k ) ∗ ( c ∗mu4/ k ) ˆ ( 1 / 3 ) ) , from f i g 16
50 Hi =(( jH ) *(1/ D ) *( Z2 ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 6 . 1 5 a , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t
ˆ2) ∗(F)
52 ID =0.87; // f t
53 OD =1; // f t
54 Hio =( Hi *( ID / OD ) ) ; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) , from eq . 6 . 5
55 printf ( ” \ t Hio i s : %. 2 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Hio
);
56 tw =( tc ) +((( ho ) /( Hio + ho ) ) *( T1 - tc ) ) ; // from eq . 5 . 3 1
58 muw =1.45; // l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r ) , a t 249F from f i g . 1 4
59 phyt =( mu3 / muw ) ^0.14;
%. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio ) ;
73
63 delt = tw - tc ; //F
65 printf ( ” \ t S i n c e t h e k e r o s e n e h a s a v i s c o s i t y o f
o n l y 1 . 7 5 cp a t t h e c a l o r i c t e m p e r a t u r e and d e l t
=129F , f r e e c o n v e c t i o n s h o u l d be i n v e s t i g a t e d . \n
”);
66 s =0.8;
67 row =50; // l b / f t ˆ 3 , from f i g 6
68 s1 =0.810; // a t 95F
69 s2 =0.792; // a t 145F
70 bita =(( s1 ^2 - s2 ^2) /(2*( t2 - t1 ) * s1 * s2 ) ) ; // /F
71 printf ( ” \ t b e t a i s : %. 6 f /F \n ” , bita ) ;
72 G =(( D ^3) *( row ^2) *( bita ) *( delt ) *(4.18*10^8) /( mu3 ^2) ) ;
73 printf ( ” \ t G i s : %. 1 e \n ” ,G ) ;
74 psy =((2.25) *(1+(0.01* G ^(1/3) ) ) /( log10 ( Ret2 ) ) ) ;
75 printf ( ” \ t p s y i s : %. 2 f \n ” , psy ) ;
76 hio1 =( hio * psy ) ;
77 printf ( ” \ t c o r r e c t e d h i o 1 i s : %. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 )
∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio1 ) ;
78 Uc =(( hio1 ) *( ho ) /( hio1 + ho ) ) ; // c l e a n o v e r a l l
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
81 A =( Nt * L * A2 ) ; // f t ˆ2
83 UD =(( Q ) /(( A ) *( delt ) ) ) ;
. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
n ” , Rd ) ;
87 // end
74
Scilab code Exa 10.3 Gas Oil Heater Using Cores
book \n ” ) ;
7 w =50000; // l b / h r
8 W =622; // l b / h r
10 printf ( ” \ t f o r g a s o i l \n ” ) ;
11 c =0.47; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
12 Q =(( w ) *( c ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
13 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r g a s o i l i s : %. 2 e
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
15 l =945.5; // Btu / ( l b )
16 Q =(( W ) *( l ) ) ; // Btu / h r
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
18 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
19 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
fluid ,F
. 1 f F \n ” , tc ) ;
27 ID =15.25; // i n
28 C =0.25; // c l e a r a n c e
30 PT =1.25;
31 as =(( ID * C * B ) /(144* PT ) ) ; // f l o w a r e a , f t ˆ 2 , eq 7 . 1
75
33 Gs =(6220/ as ) ; // mass v e l o c i t y , l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ,
” , Gs ) ;
35 mu1 =0.0314; // a t 250F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r ) , from f i g . 1 5
36 De =0.060; // from f i g . 2 9 , f t
37 Res =(( De ) *( Gs ) / mu1 ) ; // r e y n o l d s number , c a l c u l a t i o n
mistake
39 ho =1500; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
;
42 d1 =0.5; // i n
43 d2 =0.87; // i n
44 at1 =((3.14*( d2 ^2 - d1 ^2) ) /4) ;
45 printf ( ” \ t a t 1 i s : %. 1 f i n ˆ2 \n ” , at1 ) ;
46 Nt =86;
48 L =12; // f t
.7.48
” , Gt ) ;
53 De =( d2 ^2 - d1 ^2) /(12* d2 ) ;
54 printf ( ” \ t De i s : %. 4 f f t \n ” , De ) ;
55 mu2 =16.7; // a t 117F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
56 Ret =(( De ) *( Gt ) / mu2 ) ; // r e y n o l d s number
58 jH =3.1; // from f i g . 2 4
59 Z =0.35; // Z=(K∗ ( c ∗mu3/ k ) ˆ ( 1 / 3 ) ) , Btu / ( h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) ( F/ f t
) , a t mu3=6.9 cp and 28 API
60 Hi =(( jH ) *(1/ De ) *( Z ) ) ; // Hi =( h i / phyp ) , u s i n g eq . 6 . 1 5 a ,
Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
76
62 ID =0.87; // f t
63 OD =1; // f t
%. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Hio ) ;
66 muw =4.84; // l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r ) , from f i g . 1 4
67 phyt =( mu2 / muw ) ^0.14;
%. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio ) ;
71 tw =( tc ) +((( ho ) /( hio + ho ) ) *( T1 - tc ) ) ; // from eq . 5 . 3 1
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
75 A =270; // f t ˆ2
77 UD =(( Q ) /(( A ) *( LMTD ) ) ) ;
. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
n ” , Rd ) ;
25300 , using f i g .29
84 Ds =15.25/12; // f t
85 phys =1;
88 delPs =(( f *(19600^2) *( Ds ) *( N ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( De ) *( s )
*( phys ) ) ) /(2) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 4 , p s i
77
91 dt =( d2 - d1 ) /(12) ; // f t
92 printf ( ” \ t d t i s : %. 4 f f t \n ” , dt ) ;
93 Ret2 =( dt * Gt / mu2 ) ;
94 printf ( ” \ t Ret2 i s : %. 0 f \n ” , Ret2 ) ;
8220 , using f i g .26
96 phyt =1.35; // f i g 6
97 printf ( ” \ t phyt i s : %. 2 f \n ” , phyt ) ;
98 s =0.85;
99 delPt =(( f *(420000^2) *( L ) *( n ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *(0.0309)
*( s ) *( phyt ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 5 , p s i
101 printf ( ” \ t d e l P r i s n e g l i g i b l e \n ” ) ;
102 // end
Scilab code Exa 10.4 Calculation of a Heating Bundle for an Aniline Stor-
age Tank
book \n ” ) ;
3 t1 =100; // F
4 t2 =0; // F
5 T1abs =100+460; // R
6 T2abs =460; //R
7 delt = t1 - t2 ;
8 printf ( ” \ t d e l t i s : %. f F \n ” , delt ) ;
9 hc =0.3*( delt ^0.25) ; // c o n v e c t i o n l o s s , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t
ˆ2) ∗( F )
10 printf ( ” \ t c o n v e c t i o n l o s s i s : %. 2 f Btu / ( h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) (
F ) \n ” , hc ) ;
11 e =0.8; // e m i s s i v i t y
12 hr =((0.173* e *(( T1abs /100) ^4 -( T2abs /100) ^4) ) /( T1abs -
T2abs ) ) ; // r a d i a t i o n r a t e , from 4 . 3 2 , Btu / ( h r ) (
f t ˆ2) (F)
78
13 printf ( ” \ t r a d i a t i o n l o s s i s : %. 2 f Btu / ( h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) ( F
) \n ” , hr ) ;
14 hl = hc + hr ; // combined l o s s , Btu / ( h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) ( F )
15 printf ( ” \ t combined l o s s i s : %. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) ( F )
\n ” , hl ) ;
16 D =5; // f t
17 L =12; // f t
18 A1 =((2*3.14* D ^2) /(4) ) +(3.14* D * L ) ; // t o t a l t a n k a r e a
19 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l t a n k a r e a i s : %. 1 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , A1 ) ;
20 Q =( hl * A1 * delt ) ; // t o t a l h e a t l o s s
21 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t l o s s : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
22 printf ( ” \ t T h i s h e a t must be s u p p l i e d by t h e p i p e
b u n d l e , Assuming e x h a u s t steam t o be a t 212 F \n ”
);
23 d0 =1.32;
24 X =( delt / d0 ) ;
25 tf =(( t1 +212) /2) ; // F
26 printf ( ” \ t X i s : %. 0 f \n ” ,X ) ;
27 printf ( ” \ t t f i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , tf ) ;
28 hio =48; // from f i g 1 0 . 4 , Btu / ( h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) ( F )
29 ho =1500; // c o n d e n s a t i o n o f steam , Btu / ( h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) ( F )
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
32 Rd =0.02; // d i r t f a c t o r , ( h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) ( F ) / Btu
/ ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
35 A2 =(( Q ) /(( UD ) *(212 -100) ) ) ; // t o t a l s u r f a c e , f t ˆ2
36 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l s u r f a c e i s : %. 1 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , A2 ) ;
37 A3 =2.06; // a r e a / p i p e
38 N =( A2 / A3 ) ;
39 printf ( ” \ t number o f p i p e s a r e : %. 0 f \n ” ,N ) ;
40 // end
79
Chapter 11
Calculations for process

conditions
Scilab code Exa 11.1 Calculation of a Straw Oil Naphtha Exchanger
book \n ” ) ;
7 W =29800; // l b / h r
8 w =103000; // l b / h r
10 printf ( ” \ t f o r s t r a w o i l \n ” ) ;
11 c =0.58; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
12 Q =(( W ) *( c ) *( T1 - T2 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
13 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r s t r a w o i l i s : %
. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
14 printf ( ” \ t f o r naphtha \n ” ) ;
15 c =0.56; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
16 Q =(( w ) *( c ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
17 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r naphtha i s : %. 2 e
80
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
18 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
19 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
24 R =(( T1 - T2 ) /( t2 - t1 ) ) ;
25 printf ( ” \ t R i s : %. 1 f \n ” ,R ) ;
26 S =(( t2 - t1 ) /( T1 - t1 ) ) ;
27 printf ( ” \ t S i s : %. 3 f \n ” ,S ) ;
29 delt =(0.885* LMTD ) ; // F
31 X =(( delt1 ) /( delt2 ) ) ;
i s : %. 3 f \n ” ,X ) ;
33 L =16;
34 Fc =0.405; // from f i g . 1 7
hot f l u i d , F
f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
cold fluid ,F
. 0 f F \n ” , tc ) ;
40 UD1 =70; // assume , from t a b l e 8 a
41 A1 =(( Q ) /(( UD1 ) *( delt ) ) ) ;
42 printf ( ” \ t A1 i s : %. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , A1 ) ;
43 a1 =0.1963; // f t ˆ2/ l i n f t
44 N1 =( A1 /(16* a1 ) ) ;
45 printf ( ” \ t number o f t u b e s a r e : %. 0 f \n ” , N1 ) ;
46 N2 =124; // a s s u m i n g two t u b e p a s s e s , from t a b l e 9
47 A2 =( N2 * L * a1 ) ; // f t ˆ2
48 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l s u r f a c e a r e a i s : %. 1 e f t ˆ2 \n ” , A2 )
;
81
49 UD =(( Q ) /(( A2 ) *( delt ) ) ) ;
50 printf ( ” \ t c o r r e c t d e s i g n overall coefficient is : %
. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
51 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : s h e l l s i d e , s t r a w o i l \n ” ) ;
52 ID =15.25; // i n
53 C =0.25; // c l e a r a n c e
54 B =3.5; // minimum b a f f l e s p a c i n g , from eq 1 1 . 4 , i n
55 PT =1;
56 as =(( ID * C * B ) /(144* PT ) ) ; // f l o w a r e a , from eq 7 . 1 , f t
ˆ2
58 Gs =( W / as ) ; // mass v e l o c i t y , from eq 7 . 2 , l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t
ˆ2)
” , Gs ) ;
60 mu1 =3.63; // a t 2 8 0 . 5 F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r ) , from f i g . 1 4
61 De =0.95/12; // from f i g . 2 8 , f t
64 jH =46; // from f i g . 2 8
65 Z =0.224; // Z=(K∗ ( c ∗mu3/ k ) ˆ ( 1 / 3 ) ) , Btu / ( h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) ( F/
f t ) , a t mu3=1.5 cp and 35 API
66 Ho =(( jH ) *(1/ De ) *( Z ) ) ; // H0=(h0 / phya ) , u s i n g eq . 6 . 1 5 ,
Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Ho ) ;
68 phys =1;
69 ho =( Ho ) *( phys ) ; // from eq . 6 . 3 6
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
71 printf ( ” \ t c o l d f l u i d : i n n e r t u b e s i d e , naphtha \n ” ) ;
72 Nt =124;
74 L =16; // f t
75 at1 =0.302; // f l o w a r e a , i n ˆ2
.7.48
82
” , Gt ) ;
80 mu2 =1.31; // a t 212F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
81 D =0.0517; // f t
84 jH =102; // from f i g . 2 4
86 Hi =(( jH ) *(1/ D ) *( Z ) ) ; // Hi =( h i / phyp ) , u s i n g eq . 6 . 1 5 a ,
Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
88 ID =0.62; // f t
89 OD =0.75; // f t
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Hio ) ;
92 phyt =1;
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio ) ;
7000 , using f i g .29
97 s =0.76; // f o r r e y n o l d s number 7 0 0 0 , u s i n g f i g . 6
98 Ds =15.25/12; // f t
101 delPs =(( f *( Gs ^2) *( Ds ) *( N ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( De ) *( s ) *(
phys ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 4 , p s i
31300 , using f i g .26
105 s =0.72;
106 delPt =(( f *( Gt ^2) *( L ) *( n ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( D ) *( s ) *(
phyt ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 5 , p s i
83
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
n ” , Rd ) ;
112 printf ( ” \ t The f i r s t t r i a l i s d i s q u a l i f i e d b e c a u s e
o f f a i l u r e t o meet t h e r e q u i r e d d i r t f a c t o r \n ” ) ;
113 printf ( ” \ t P r o c e e d i n g a s a b o v e and c a r r y i n g t h e
v i s c o s i t y c o r r e c t i o n and p r e s s u r e d r o p s t o
c o m p l e t i o n t h e new summary i s g i v e n u s i n g a 1 7 . 2 5
i n . ID s h e l l w i t h 166 t u b e s on two p a s s e s and a
3 . 5 i n . b a f f l e s p a c e \n ” ) ;
114 UD1 =60; // a s s u m p t i o n f o r 2 t u b e p a s s e s , 3 . 5 b a f f l e
s p a c i n g and 1 7 . 2 5 i n ID
115 UC1 =74.8;
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UC1 ) ;
117 UD2 =54.2;
118 printf ( ” \ t c o r r e c t d e s i g n o v e r a l l c o e f f i c i e n t i s : %
. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD2 ) ;
119 Rd1 =0.005;
n ” , Rd1 ) ;
121 delPs1 =4.7;
122 printf ( ” \ t d e l P s i s : %. 1 f p s i \n ” , delPs1 ) ;
123 delPt1 =2.1;
124 printf ( ” \ t d e l P t i s : %. 1 f p s i \n ” , delPt1 ) ;
125 // end
Scilab code Exa 11.2 Calculation of a Flue Gas Cooler
84
book \n ” ) ;
7 W =84438; // l b / h r
8 w =86357; // l b / h r
10 printf ( ” \ t f o r l e a n o i l \n ” ) ;
11 c =0.56; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
12 Qh =(( W ) *( c ) *( T1 - T2 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
13 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r l e a n o i l i s : %. 2
e Btu / h r \n ” , Qh ) ;
14 printf ( ” \ t f o r r i c h o i l \n ” ) ;
15 c =0.53; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
16 Qc =(( w ) *( c ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
17 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r r i c h o i l i s : %. 2
e Btu / h r \n ” , Qc ) ;
18 Q =( Qh + Qc ) /(2) ;
19 printf ( ” \ t Q i s : %. 2 e V \n ” ,Q ) ;
20 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
21 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
26 R =(( T1 - T2 ) /( t2 - t1 ) ) ;
27 printf ( ” \ t R i s : %. 3 f \n ” ,R ) ;
28 S =(( t2 - t1 ) /( T1 - t1 ) ) ;
29 printf ( ” \ t S i s : %. 2 f \n ” ,S ) ;
30 printf ( ” \ t FT i s 0 . 8 7 5 \n ” ) ; // f o r 4−8 e x c h a n g e r ,
from f i g 21
31 delt =(0.875* LMTD ) ; // F
33 X =(( delt1 ) /( delt2 ) ) ;
i s : %. 2 f \n ” ,X ) ;
85
35 Fc =0.48; // from f i g . 1 7
37 Tc =(( T2 ) +(( Fc ) *( T1 - T2 ) ) ) ; // c a l o r i c temperature of
hot f l u i d , F
f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
cold fluid ,F
. 1 f \n ” , tc ) ;
41 UD1 =50; // assume , from t a b l e 8 a
42 A1 =(( Q ) /(( UD1 ) *( delt ) ) ) ;
43 printf ( ” \ t A1 i s : %. 2 e f t ˆ2 \n ” , A1 ) ;
44 a1 =0.1963; // f t ˆ2/ l i n f t
45 N1 =( A1 /(16* a1 *2) ) ; // 2−4 e x c h a n g e r i n s e r i e s
47 N2 =580; // a s s u m i n g s i x t u b e p a s s e s , 3 1 i n ID , from
table 9
48 A2 =( N2 *16* a1 *2) ; // f t ˆ2
;
50 UD =(( Q ) /(( A2 ) *( delt ) ) ) ;
. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
52 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : i n n e r t u b e s i d e , l e a n o i l \n ” ) ;
53 Nt =580;
55 L =16; // f t
56 at1 =0.302; // f l o w a r e a , i n ˆ2
.7.48
59 Gt =( W /( at ) ) ; // mass v e l o c i t y , l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 )
” , Gt ) ;
61 mu2 =2.13; // a t 212F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
62 D =0.0517; // f t
86
65 jH =36.5; // from f i g . 2 4
67 Hi =(( jH ) *(1/ D ) *( Z ) ) ; // Hi =( h i / phyp ) , u s i n g eq . 6 . 1 5 a ,
Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
69 ID =0.62; // f t
70 OD =0.75; // f t
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Hio ) ;
73 phyt =1;
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio ) ;
76 printf ( ” \ t c o l d f l u i d : s h e l l s i d e , r i c h o i l \n ” ) ;
77 ID =31; // i n
78 C =0.25; // c l e a r a n c e
79 B =12; // minimum b a f f l e s p a c i n g , from eq 1 1 . 4 , i n
80 PT =1;
81 as =(( ID * C * B ) /(144* PT ) ) /(2) ; // f l o w a r e a , from eq
7 . 1 , f t ˆ2
83 Gs =( w / as ) ; // mass v e l o c i t y , from eq 7 . 2 , l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t
ˆ2)
” , Gs ) ;
86 De =0.95/12; // from f i g . 2 8 , f t
89 jH =45; // from f i g . 2 8
Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
87
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Ho ) ;
93 phys =1;
94 ho =( Ho ) *( phys ) ; // from eq . 6 . 3 6
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
10100 , using f i g .26
98 s =0.77;
99 delPt =((2* f *( Gt ^2) *( L ) *( n ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( D ) *( s ) *(
phyt ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 5 , p s i
f i g .27
102 delPr =((4*2* n * X1 ) /( s ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 6 , p s i
6720 , using f i g .29
109 s =0.79; // f o r r e y n o l d s number 6 7 2 0 , u s i n g f i g . 6
110 Ds =31/12; // f t
111 De =0.0792;
112 N =(4*12* L / B ) ; // number o f c r o s s e s , u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 3
114 delPs =(( f *( Gs ^2) *( Ds ) *( N ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( De ) *( s ) *(
phys ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 4 , p s i
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
n ” , Rd ) ;
88
121 printf ( ” \ t The i n i t i a l a s s u m p t i o n s have p r o v i d e d an
e x c h a n g e r which v e r y n e a r l y m e e t s a l l t h e
r e q u i r e m e n t s . E i g h t −p a s s u n i t s would meet t h e
h e a t − t r a n s f e r r e q u i r e m e n t but would g i v e a tube −
s i d e p r e s s u r e d r o p o f 14 p s i . The t r i a l e x c h a n g e r
w i l l be somewhat l e s s s u i t a b l e when t h e v a l u e o f
Q, i s a l s o t a k e n i n t o a c c o u n t . I f t h e minimum
d i r t f a c t o r o f 0 . 0 0 4 0 i s t o be t a k e n l i t e r a l l y ,
i t w i l l be n e c e s s a r y t o t r y t h e n e x t s i z e s h e l l \
n”);
122 printf ( ” \ t Assume a 33 i n . ID s h e l l w i t h s i x 1 t u b e
p a s s e s and b a f f i e s s p a c e d 12− i n . a p a r t , s i n c e t h e
p r e s s u r e drop i n c r e a s e s with the diameter o f the
s h e l l f o r a g i v e n mass v e l o c i t y . \n ” ) ;
123 UC1 =52.3;
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UC1 ) ;
125 UD2 =42;
. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD2 ) ;
127 Rd1 =0.0047;
128 printf ( ” \ t c a l c u l a t e d Rd i s : %. 4 f ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) /
Btu \n ” , Rd1 ) ;
129 Rd2 =0.004;
n ” , Rd2 ) ;
131 delPs1 =4.4;
133 delPT1 =7.9;
134 printf ( ” \ t d e l P t i s : %. 1 f p s i \n ” , delPT1 ) ;
135 // end
Scilab code Exa 11.3 Calculation of a Caustic Solution Cooler
89
book \n ” ) ;
7 W =100000; // l b / h r
8 w =154000; // l b / h r
10 printf ( ” \ t f o r c a u s t i c \n ” ) ;
11 c =0.88; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
12 Q =(( W ) *( c ) *( T1 - T2 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
13 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r c a u s t i c i s : %. 2 e
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
15 c =1; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
16 Q =(( w ) *( c ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
18 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
19 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
24 R =(( T1 - T2 ) /( t2 - t1 ) ) ;
25 printf ( ” \ t R i s : %. 2 f \n ” ,R ) ;
26 S =(( t2 - t1 ) /( T1 - t1 ) ) ;
27 printf ( ” \ t S i s : %. 3 f \n ” ,S ) ;
28 printf ( ” \ t FT i s 0 . 8 1 5 \n ” ) ; // f o r 4−8 e x c h a n g e r ,
from f i g 21
29 delt =(0.815* LMTD ) ; // F
31 Tc =(( T2 ) +( T1 ) ) /(2) ; // c a l o r i c t e m p e r a t u r e o f h o t
fluid ,F
f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
33 tc =(( t1 ) +( t2 ) ) /(2) ; // c a l o r i c t e m p e r a t u r e o f c o l d
90
fluid ,F
. 1 f \n ” , tc ) ;
35 UD1 =250; // assume , from t a b l e 8
36 A1 =(( Q ) /(( UD1 ) *( delt ) ) ) ;
38 a1 =0.2618; // f t ˆ2/ l i n f t
39 L =16;
40 N1 =( A1 /(16* a1 ) ) ;
42 N2 =140; // a s s u m i n g f o u r t u b e p a s s e s , 1 9 . 2 5 i n ID ,
from t a b l e 9
43 A2 =( N2 * L * a1 ) ; // f t ˆ2
44 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l s u r f a c e a r e a i s : %. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , A2 )
;
45 UD =(( Q ) /(( A2 ) *( delt ) ) ) ;
. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
47 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : s h e l l s i d e , c a u s t i c \n ” ) ;
48 ID =19.25; // i n
49 C =0.25; // c l e a r a n c e
51 PT =1.25;
ˆ2
ˆ2)
” , Gs ) ;
57 De =0.72/12; // from f i g . 2 8 , f t
60 jH =75; // from f i g . 2 8
ft )
91
Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Ho ) ;
64 phys =1; // low v i s c o s i t y
65 ho =( Ho ) *( phys ) ; // from eq . 6 . 3 6
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
68 Nt =140;
70 L =16; // f t
71 at1 =0.546; // f l o w a r e a , i n ˆ2
.7.48
” , Gt ) ;
76 V = Gt /(3600*62.5) ;
78 mu2 =1.74; // a t 100F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
79 D =0.0695; // f t
82 hi =1240*0.94; // from f i g 25
83 printf ( ” \ t Hi i s : %. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hi ) ;
84 ID =0.834; // f t
85 OD =1; // f t
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio ) ;
17400 , using f i g .29
91 Ds =19.25/12; // f t
92 De =0.06;
93 N =(12* L / B ) +1; // number o f c r o s s e s , u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 3
92
95 delPs =(( f *( Gs ^2) *( Ds ) *( N ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( De ) *( s ) *(
phys ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 4 , p s i
46300 , using f i g .26
100 s =1;
101 phyt =1;
102 delPt =(( f *( Gt ^2) *( L ) *( n ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( D ) *( s ) *(
phyt ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 5 , p s i
f i g .27
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
n ” , Rd ) ;
114 printf ( ” \ t A d j u s t m e n t o f t h e b a f f i e s p a c e t o u s e t h e
f u l l 10 p s i w i l l s t i l l n o t p e r m i t t h e e x c h a n g e r
t o make t h e 0 . 0 0 2 d i r t f a c t o r . The v a l u e o f UD
h a s b e e n assumed t o o h i g h \n ” ) ;
115 printf ( ” \ t Try a 2 1 . 2 5 i n . ID s h e l l w i t h f o u r t u b e
p a s s e s and a 6 i n . b a f f i e s p a c e . T h i s c o r r e s p o n d s
t o 170 t u b e s \n ” ) ;
116 UC1 =390;
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UC1 ) ;
118 UD2 =200;
93
. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD2 ) ;
120 Rd1 =0.0024;
Btu \n ” , Rd1 ) ;
122 Rd2 =0.002;
n ” , Rd2 ) ;
124 delPs1 =9.8;
126 delPT1 =4.9;
128 // end
Scilab code Exa 11.4 Calculation of an Alcohol Heater
book \n ” ) ;
7 W =10350; // l b / h r
8 w =115000; // l b / h r
11 l =962; // Btu / ( l b )
12 Qh =(( W ) *( l ) ) ; // Btu / h r
Btu / h r \n ” , Qh ) ;
14 printf ( ” \ t f o r a l c o h o l \n ” ) ;
15 c =0.72; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
16 Qc =(( w ) *( c ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
17 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r a l c o h o l i s : %. 2 e
94
Btu / h r \n ” , Qc ) ; Q =( Qh + Qc ) /(2) ;
18 Q =( Qh + Qc ) /(2) ;
19 printf ( ” \ t Q i s : %. 2 e V \n ” ,Q ) ;
20 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
21 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
26 Tc =(( T2 ) +( T1 ) ) ; // c a l o r i c t e m p e r a t u r e o f h o t f l u i d ,
F
f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
28 tc =(( t1 ) +( t2 ) ) ; // c a l o r i c t e m p e r a t u r e o f c o l d f l u i d
,F
. 1 f \n ” , tc ) ;
30 L =12;
32 A1 =(( Q ) /(( UD1 ) *( LMTD ) ) ) ;
34 a1 =0.2618; // f t ˆ2/ l i n f t
35 N1 =( A1 /(12* a1 ) ) ;
37 N2 =232; // a s s u m i n g two t u b e p a s s e s , 2 3 . 2 5 i n ID , from
table 9
38 A2 =( N2 * L * a1 ) ; // f t ˆ2
;
40 UD =(( Q ) /(( A2 ) *( LMTD ) ) ) ;
. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
42 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : i n n e r t u b e s i d e , steam \n ” ) ;
43 Nt =232;
45 L =12; // f t
46 at1 =0.546; // f l o w a r e a , i n ˆ2
95
.7.48
” , Gt ) ;
51 mu2 =0.0314; // a t 225F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
52 D =0.0695; // f t
55 hio =1500; // c o n d e n s a t i o n o f steam
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio ) ;
57 printf ( ” \ t c o l d f l u i d : s h e l l s i d e , a l c o h o l \n ” ) ;
58 ID =23.25; // i n
59 C =0.25; // c l e a r a n c e
61 PT =1.25;
ˆ2
64 Gs =( w / as ) ; // mass v e l o c i t y , from eq 7 . 2 , l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t
ˆ2)
” , Gs ) ;
67 De =0.72/12; // from f i g . 2 8 , f t
70 jH =83; // from f i g . 2 8
ft )
Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Ho ) ;
74 phys =1;
75 ho =( Ho ) *( phys ) ; // from eq . 6 . 3 6
96
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
52000 , using f i g .26
79 s =0.00076;
80 delPt =(( f *( Gt ^2) *( L ) *( n ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( D ) *( s ) *(1) )
) /(2) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 5 , p s i
82 printf ( ” \ t d e l P r i s n e g l i g i b l e \n ” ) ;
83 printf ( ” \ t a l l o w a b l e d e l P a i s n e g l i g i b l e \n ” ) ;
21000 , using f i g .29
87 Ds =1.94; // f t
88 De =0.06;
91 delPs =(( f *( Gs ^2) *( Ds ) *( N ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( De ) *( s ) *(
phys ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 4 , p s i
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
n ” , Rd ) ;
98 printf ( ” \ t T h i s i s c l e a r l y an i n s t a n c e i n which UD
was assumed t o o h i g h . I t i s now a q u e s t i o n o f how
much t o o h i g h . With t h e a i d o f t h e summary i t i s
apparent thatin a l a r g e r s h e l l a clean o v e r a l l
c o e f f i c i e n t o f a b o u t 200 may be e x p e c t e d \n ” ) ;
99 printf ( ” \ t Assume a 27 i n . ID s h e l l w i t h 2 t u b e
p a s s e s , 3 3 4 t u b e s and b a f f i e s s p a c e d 7 i n . a p a r t ,
s i n c e the p r e s s u r e drop i n c r e a s e s with the
d i a m e t e r o f t h e s h e l l f o r a g i v e n mass v e l o c i t y .
97
\n ” ) ;
100 UC1 =214;
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UC1 ) ;
102 UD2 =138.5;
. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD2 ) ;
104 Rd1 =0.0025;
Btu \n ” , Rd1 ) ;
106 Rd2 =0.002;
n ” , Rd2 ) ;
108 delPs1 =0.23;
110 delPT1 =7.1;
112 // end
Scilab code Exa 11.5 Calculation of a Flue Gas Cooler
book \n ” ) ;
7 W =41300; // l b / h r
8 w =64500; // l b / h r
10 printf ( ” \ t f o r g a s \n ” ) ;
11 c =0.25; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
12 Q =(( W ) *( c ) *( T1 - T2 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
13 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r g a s i s : %. 2 e Btu
98
/ h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
15 c =1; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
16 Q =(( w ) *( c ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
18 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
19 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
24 R =(( T1 - T2 ) /( t2 - t1 ) ) ;
25 printf ( ” \ t R i s : %. 2 f \n ” ,R ) ;
26 S =(( t2 - t1 ) /( T1 - t1 ) ) ;
27 printf ( ” \ t S i s : %. 3 f \n ” ,S ) ;
29 delt =(0.935* LMTD ) ; // F
fluid ,F
f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
fluid ,F
. 0 f F \n ” , tc ) ;
36 A1 =(( Q ) /(( UD1 ) *( delt ) ) ) ;
38 a1 =0.2618; // f t ˆ2/ l i n f t
39 N1 =( A1 /(12* a1 ) ) ;
41 N2 =358; // a s s u m i n g 12 t u b e p a s s e s , from t a b l e 9
42 L =12;
43 A2 =( N2 * L * a1 ) ; // f t ˆ2
;
99
45 UD =(( Q ) /(( A2 ) *( delt ) ) ) ;
46 printf ( ” \ t c o r r e c t d e s i g n overall coefficient is : %
. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
47 printf ( ” \ t When s o l v e d i n a manner i d e n t i c a l w i t h
t h e p r e c e d i n g e x a m p l e s and u s i n g t h e s m a l l e s t
i n t e g r a l number o f b u n d l e c r o s s e s ( f i v e )
c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o a 2 8 . 8 i n . s p a c i n g \n ” ) ;
48 UC1 =22.7;
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UC1 ) ;
50 UD2 =14;
. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD2 ) ;
52 Rd1 =0.027;
Btu \n ” , Rd1 ) ;
54 Rd1 =0.005;
55 printf ( ” \ t r e q u i r e d Rd i s : %. 3 f ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) / Btu
\n ” , Rd1 ) ;
56 delPs1 =5.2;
58 delPt1 =1.0;
59 printf ( ” \ t d e l P t i s : %. 1 f p s i \n ” , delPt1 ) ;
60 printf ( ” \ t The f i r s t t r i a l i s d i s q u a l i f i e d b e c a u s e
o f f a i l u r e t o meet t h e r e q u i r e d d i r t f a c t o r and
the the p r e s s u r e drop i s f i v e t im e s g r e a t e r than
t h e a l l o w a b l e \n ” ) ;
61 printf ( ” \ t T h i s would be u n s a t i s f a c t o r y , s i n c e g a s e s
r e q u i r e l a r g e i n l e t c o n n e c t i o n s and t h e f l o w
d i s t r i b u t i o n on t h e f i r s t and t h i r d b u n d l e
c r o s s e s would be p o o r and t h e c o n d i t i o n s o f
a l l o w a b l e p r e s s u r e d r o p would s t i l l n o t be met \n
”);
63 A1 =(( Q ) /(( UD1 ) *( delt ) ) ) ;
65 a1 =0.2618; // f t ˆ2/ l i n f t
66 N1 =( A1 /(12* a1 ) ) ;
100
68 N2 =340; // a s s u m i n g e i g h t t u b e p a s s e s , from t a b l e 9
69 A2 =( N2 * L * a1 ) ; // f t ˆ2
;
71 UD =(( Q ) /(( A2 ) *( delt ) ) ) ;
. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
73 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : s h e l l s i d e , g a s \n ” ) ;
74 ID =31; // i n
75 C =0.25; // c l e a r a n c e
77 PT =1.25;
ˆ2
80 Gs =( W / as ) /(2) ; // mass v e l o c i t y , from eq 7 . 2 , l b / ( h r )
∗( f t ˆ2)
” , Gs ) ;
83 De =0.99/12; // from f i g . 2 8 , f t
86 jH =105; // from f i g . 2 8
87 k =0.015; // Btu / ( h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) ( F / f t )
88 Z =0.94; // Z=(( c ∗mu3/ k ) ˆ ( 1 / 3 ) ) , Btu / ( h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) ( F/ f t )
89 Ho =(( jH ) *( k / De ) *( Z ) ) ; // H0=(h0 / phya ) , u s i n g eq . 6 . 1 5 ,
Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
%. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Ho ) ;
91 phys =1;
92 ho =( Ho ) *( phys ) ; // from eq . 6 . 3 6
%. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
;
95 Nt =340;
101
97 L =12; // f t
98 at1 =0.546; // f l o w a r e a , i n ˆ2
.7.48
” , Gt ) ;
103 V =( Gt /(3600*62.5) ) ;
105 mu2 =1.96; // a t 90F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
106 D =0.0695; // f t
109 hi =667; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
111 ID =0.83; // f t
112 OD =1; // f t
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio ) ; //
115 phyt =1;
33000 , using f i g .29
119 Ds =31/12; // f t
120 N =(3) ; // number o f c r o s s e s , u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 3
122 delPs =(( f *( Gs ^2) *( Ds ) *( N ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( De ) *( s ) *(
phys ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 4 , p s i
21300 , using f i g .26
126 s =1;
102
127 delPt =(( f *( Gt ^2) *( L ) *( n ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( D ) *( s ) *(
phyt ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 5 , p s i
f i g .27
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
n ” , Rd ) ;
138 // end
103
Chapter 12
Condensation of single vapor
Scilab code Exa 12.1 Calculation of a Horizontal n Propanol Condenser
book \n ” ) ;
7 W =60000; // l b / h r
8 w =488000; // l b / h r
10 printf ( ” \ t f o r p r o p a n o l \n ” ) ;
11 l =285; // Btu / ( l b )
12 Q =(( W ) *( l ) ) ; // Btu / h r
13 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r p r o p a n o l i s : %. 2
e Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
15 c =1; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
16 Q =(( w ) *( c ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
18 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
104
19 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
fluid ,F
f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
fluid ,F
. 1 f F \n ” , tc ) ;
29 A1 =(( Q ) /(( UD1 ) *( LMTD ) ) ) ;
31 a1 =0.1963; // f t ˆ2/ l i n f t
32 N1 =( A1 /(8* a1 ) ) ;
35 A2 =( N2 *8* a1 ) ; // f t ˆ2
;
37 UD =(( Q ) /(( A2 ) *( LMTD ) ) ) ;
. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
39 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : s h e l l s i d e , p r o p a n o l \n ” ) ;
40 ID =31; // i n
41 C =0.1875; // c l e a r a n c e
43 PT =0.937;
44 L =8; // f t
ˆ2
ˆ2)
105
” , Gs ) ;
49 G1 =( W /( L * N2 ^(2/3) ) ) ; // from eq . 1 2 . 4 3
50 printf ( ” \ t G1 i s : %. 1 f l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( l i n f t ) \n ” , G1 ) ;
52 Nt =766;
54 L =8; // f t
55 at1 =0.302; // f l o w a r e a , i n ˆ2
.7.48
” , Gt ) ;
60 V =( Gt /(3600*62.5) ) ;
62 mu2 =1.74; // a t 1 0 2 . 5 F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
63 D =0.0517; // f t
66 hi =1300; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
68 ID =0.62; // f t
69 OD =0.75; // f t
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio ) ; //
72 ho =200; // a s s u m p t i o n
73 tw =( tc ) +((( ho ) /( hio + ho ) ) *( Tc - tc ) ) ; // from eq . 5 . 3 1
75 tf =( Tc + tw ) /(2) ; // from eq 1 2 . 1 9
77 kf =0.094; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F/ f t ) , from t a b l e 4
78 sf =0.8; // from t a b l e 6
79 muf =0.62; // cp , from f i g 14
80 ho =172; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) , from f i g 1 2 . 9
81 printf ( ” \ t C o r r e c t ho t o t h e s u r f a c e a t t h e OD i s :
106
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
82 printf ( ” \ t Based on h=172 i n s t e a d o f t h e assumed 200
a new v a l u e o f tw , and t f c o u l d be o b t a i n e d t o
g i v e a more e x a c t v a l u e o f h b a s e d on f l u i d
p r o p e r t i e s a t a v a l u e o f t f more n e a r l y c o r r e c t \
n”);
84 mu1 =0.0242; // l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r ) , f i r 15
85 De =0.0458; // f i g 28
84600 , using f i g .29
90 Ds =31/12; // f t
91 phys =1;
94 delPs =(( f *( Gs ^2) *( Ds ) *( N ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( De ) *( s ) *(
phys ) ) ) /(2) ; // u s i n g eq . 1 2 . 4 7 , p s i
36200 , using f i g .26
99 s =1;
100 phyt =1;
101 delPt =(( f *( Gt ^2) *( L ) *( n ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( D ) *( s ) *(
phyt ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 5 , p s i
103 X1 =0.2; // X1=((Vˆ 2 ) / ( 2 ∗ g ) ) , u s i n g f i g . 2 7
107
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
n ” , Rd ) ;
113 // end
Scilab code Exa 12.2 Design of a Vertical n Propanol Condenser
book \n ” ) ;
7 W =60000; // l b / h r
8 w =488000; // l b / h r
10 printf ( ” \ t f o r p r o p a n o l \n ” ) ;
11 l =285; // Btu / ( l b )
12 Q =(( W ) *( l ) ) ; // Btu / h r
13 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r p r o p a n o l i s : %. 2
e Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
15 c =1; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
16 Q =(( w ) *( c ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
18 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
19 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
108
24 Tc =(( T2 ) +( T1 ) ) /(2) ; // c a l o r i c temperature o f hot
fluid ,F
f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
fluid ,F
. 1 f F \n ” , tc ) ;
29 A1 =(( Q ) /(( UD1 ) *( LMTD ) ) ) ;
32 a1 =0.1963; // f t ˆ2/ l i n f t
33 L =( A1 /( N2 * a1 ) ) ;
34 printf ( ” \ t L i s : %. 1 f f t \n ” ,L ) ;
35 A2 =( N2 *12* a1 ) ; // f t ˆ2
;
37 UD =(( Q ) /(( A2 ) *( LMTD ) ) ) ;
. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
39 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : s h e l l s i d e , p r o p a n o l \n ” ) ;
40 Do =0.0625; // f t
41 G1 =( W /(3.14* N2 * Do ) ) ; // from eq . 1 2 . 3 6
44 Nt =766;
46 L =12; // f t
47 at1 =0.302; // f l o w a r e a , i n ˆ2
.7.48
” , Gt ) ;
52 V =( Gt /(3600*62.5) ) ;
109
54 mu2 =1.74; // a t 1 0 2 . 5 F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
55 D =0.0517; // f t
58 hi =1300; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
60 ID =0.62; // f t
61 OD =0.75; // f t
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio ) ;
64 ho =100; // a s s u m p t i o n
67 tf =( Tc + tw ) /(2) ; // from eq 1 2 . 1 9
69 kf =0.0945; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F/ f t ) , from t a b l e 4
70 sf =0.76; // from t a b l e 6
71 muf =0.65; // cp , from f i g 14
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
75 ID =31; // i n
76 C =0.1875; // c l e a r a n c e
78 PT =0.937;
ˆ2
ˆ2)
” , Gs ) ;
83 mu1 =0.0242; // l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r ) , f i g 15
84 De =0.0458; // f i g 28
110
91000 , using f i g .29
89 Ds =31/12; // f t
90 phys =1;
93 delPs =(( f *( Gs ^2) *( Ds ) *( N ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( De ) *( s ) *(
phys ) ) ) /(2) ; // u s i n g eq . 1 2 . 4 7 , p s i
96 printf ( ” \ t p r e s s u r e drop f o r i n n e r p i p e \n ” ) ;
36200 , using f i g .26
98 s =1;
99 phyt =1;
100 delPt =(( f *( Gt ^2) *( L ) *( n ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( D ) *( s ) *(
phyt ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 5 , p s i
102 X1 =0.2; // X1=((Vˆ 2 ) / ( 2 ∗ g ) ) , u s i n g f i g . 2 7
c o e f f i c i e n t , eq 6 . 3 8 , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
110 Rd =(( Uc - UD ) /(( UD ) *( Uc ) ) ) ; // eq 6 . 1 3 , ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
/ Btu
n ” , Rd ) ;
112 // end
111
Scilab code Exa 12.3 Calculation of a Butane Desuperheater condenser
book \n ” ) ;
5 T3 =125; // a f t e r c o n d e n s a t i o n
8 W =27958; // l b / h r
9 w =135500; // l b / h r
11 printf ( ” \ t f o r b u t a n e \n ” ) ;
12 c =0.44; // Btu / ( l b ) ( F )
13 qd =(( W ) *( c ) *( T1 - T2 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
14 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r d e s u p e r h e a t i n g o f
b u t a n e i s : %. 1 e Btu / h r \n ” , qd ) ;
15 HT2 =309; // e n t h a l p y a t T2 , Btu / l b
17 qc =( W *( HT2 - HT3 ) ) ; // f o r c o n d e n s a t i o n
18 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r c o n d e n s i n g o f
b u t a n e i s : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” , qc ) ;
19 Q = qd + qc ;
20 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r b u t a n e i s : %. 2 e
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
22 c =1; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
23 Q =(( w ) *( c ) *( t3 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
25 deltw =( qc / w ) ;
26 printf ( ” \ t d e l t w i s : %. 1 f F \n ” , deltw ) ;
27 t2 = t1 + deltw ;
28 printf ( ” \ t t 2 i s : %. 1 f F \n ” , t2 )
29 printf ( ” \ t f o r d e s u p e r h e a t i n g \n ” ) ;
30 delt1 = T2 - t2 ; //F
31 delt2 = T1 - t3 ; // F
112
34 LMTDd =(( delt2 - delt1 ) /((2.3) *( log10 ( delt2 / delt1 ) ) ) ) ;
35 printf ( ” \ t LMTD i s :%. 0 f F \n ” , LMTDd ) ;
36 w1 =( qd / LMTDd ) ;
37 printf ( ” \ t w1 i s : %. 3 e l b / h r \n ” , w1 ) ;
38 printf ( ” \ t f o r c o n d e n s i n g \n ” ) ;
39 delt3 = T3 - t1 ; //F
40 delt4 = T2 - t2 ; // F
43 LMTDc =(( delt4 - delt3 ) /((2.3) *( log10 ( delt4 / delt3 ) ) ) ) ;
44 printf ( ” \ t LMTD i s :%. 0 f F \n ” , LMTDc ) ;
45 w2 =( qc / LMTDc ) ;
47 delt =( Q /( w1 + w2 ) ) ;
48 printf ( ” \ t d e l t i s : % . 1 f F \n ” , delt ) ;
fluid ,F
f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
fluid ,F
. 1 f F \n ” , tc ) ;
53 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : s h e l l s i d e , b u t a n e \n ” ) ;
54 ID =23.25; // i n
55 C =0.25; // c l e a r a n c e
57 PT =1;
60 printf ( ” \ t d e s u p e r h e a t i n g \n ” ) ;
” , Gs ) ;
64 De =0.73/12; // from f i g . 2 8 , f t
113
67 jH =239; // from f i g . 2 8
69 Z =0.96; // Z=(( c ) ∗ ( mu1 ) / k ) ˆ ( 1 / 3 )
70 ho =(( jH ) *( k / De ) *( Z ) ) ; // H0=(h0 / phya ) , u s i n g eq . 6 . 1 5 b
, Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
%. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
73 Nt =352;
75 L =16; // f t
76 at1 =0.302; // f l o w a r e a , t a b l e 1 0 , i n ˆ2
.7.48
” , Gt ) ;
81 V =( Gt /(3600*62.5) ) ;
83 mu2 =2.11; // a t 8 2 . 5 F , f i g 1 4 , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
84 D =0.0517; // f t
87 hi =800; // f i g 2 5 , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
89 ID =0.62; // f t
90 OD =0.75; // f t
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio ) ;
93 Ud =(( hio ) *( ho ) /( hio + ho ) ) ; // c l e a n o v e r a l l
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Ud ) ;
95 Ad =( qd /( Ud * LMTDd ) ) ;
114
96 printf ( ” \ t c l e a n s u r f a c e r e q u i r e d f o r d e s u p e r h e a t i n g
: %. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , Ad ) ;
97 printf ( ” \ t f o r c o n d e n s a t o n \n ” ) ;
98 Lc =16*0.6; // c o n d e n s a t i o n o c c u r s 60% o f t h e t u b e
length
99 G1 =( W /( Lc * Nt ^(2/3) ) ) ; // from eq . 1 2 . 4 3
101 ho =200; // a s s u m p t i o n
104 tf =( Tc + tw ) /(2) ; // from eq 1 2 . 1 9
106 kf =0.075; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F/ f t )
107 sf =0.55; // from t a b l e 6
108 muf =0.14; // cp , from f i g 14
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
113 Ac =( qc /( Uc * LMTDc ) ) ;
: %. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , Ac ) ;
115 AC = Ad + Ac ;
116 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l c l e a n s u r f a c e : %. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , AC ) ;
117 lc =( Ac /( Ac + Ad ) ) ;
118 printf ( ” \ t assumed c o n d e n s i n g l e n g t h p e r c e n t a g e : %
. 2 f \n ” , lc ) ;
119 UC =(( Ud * Ad ) +( Uc * Ac ) ) /( AC ) ;
120 printf ( ” \ t w e i g h t e d c l e a n o v e r a l l c o e f f i c i e n t : %. 0 f
Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UC ) ;
122 A =( Nt * L * A2 ) ; // f t ˆ2
124 UD =(( Q ) /(( A ) *( delt ) ) ) ;
115
. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
126 Rd =(( UC - UD ) /(( UD ) *( UC ) ) ) ; // ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) / Btu
n ” , Rd ) ;
129 printf ( ” \ t d e s u p e r h e a t i n g \n ” ) ;
130 Ld =6.4; // f t
131 De =0.0608; // f i g 28
145000 , using f i g .29
133 Ds =1.94; // f t
134 phys =1;
135 N =(12* Ld / B ) ; // number o f c r o s s e s , u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 3
137 row =(58.1/((359) *(625/492) *(14.7/99.7) ) ) ;
138 printf ( ” \ t row i s %. 3 f l b / f t ˆ3 \n ” , row ) ;
139 s =( row /62.5) ;
140 printf ( ” \ t s i s %. 4 f \n ” ,s ) ;
141 delPsd =(( f *( Gs ^2) *( Ds ) *( N ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( De ) *( s ) *(
phys ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 4 , p s i
142 printf ( ” \ t d e l P s i s : %. 1 f p s i \n ” , delPsd ) ;
143 printf ( ” \ t c o n d e n s a t i o n \n ” ) ;
144 N =(12* Lc / B ) ; // number o f c r o s s e s , u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 3
146 delPsc =(( f *( Gs ^2) *( Ds ) *( N ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( De ) *( s ) *(
phys ) ) ) /(2) ; // u s i n g eq 1 2 . 4 7 , p s i
147 printf ( ” \ t d e l P s c i s : %. 1 f p s i \n ” , delPsc ) ;
148 delPS = delPsd + delPsc ;
149 printf ( ” \ t d e l P S i s : %. 0 f p s i \n ” , delPS ) ;
17900 , using f i g .26
153 s =1;
154 phyt =1;
155 delPt =(( f *( Gt ^2) *( L ) *( n ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( D ) *( s ) *(
phyt ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 5 , p s i
116
157 X1 =0.075; // X1=((Vˆ 2 ) / ( 2 ∗ g ) ) , u s i n g f i g . 2 7
163 // end
Scilab code Exa 12.4 Calculation of a Vertical Condenser subeooler
book \n ” ) ;
5 T3 =100; // a f t e r s u c o o l i n g
8 W =21000; // l b / h r
9 w =167000; // l b / h r
11 printf ( ” \ t f o r p e n t a n e \n ” ) ;
p e n t a n e i s : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” , qc ) ;
16 c =0.57; // Btu / ( l b ) ( F )
17 qs =(( W ) *( c ) *( T2 - T3 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
18 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r s u b c o o l i n g o f
p e n t a n e i s : %. 0 e Btu / h r \n ” , qs ) ;
19 Q = qs + qc ;
20 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r p e n t a n e i s : %. 2
e Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
117
22 c =1; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
23 Q =(( w ) *( c ) *( t3 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
25 deltw =( qc / w ) ;
27 t2 = t3 - deltw ;
28 printf ( ” \ t t 2 i s : %. 1 f F \n ” , t2 )
30 delt1 = T2 - t2 ; //F
31 delt2 = T1 - t3 ; // F
36 w1 =( qc / LMTDc ) ;
38 printf ( ” \ t s u b c o o l i n g \n ” ) ;
39 delt3 = T3 - t1 ; //F
40 delt4 = T2 - t2 ; // F
43 LMTDs =(( delt4 - delt3 ) /((2.3) *( log10 ( delt4 / delt3 ) ) ) ) ;
44 printf ( ” \ t LMTD i s :%. 1 f F \n ” , LMTDs ) ;
45 w2 =( qs / LMTDs ) ;
47 delt =( Q /( w1 + w2 ) ) ;
fluid ,F
f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
fluid ,F
. 0 f F \n ” , tc ) ;
53 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : s h e l l s i d e , p e n t a n e \n ” ) ;
118
55 Do =0.0625; // f t
57 G1 =( W /(3.14* Nt * Do ) ) ; // from eq . 1 2 . 4 2
58 printf ( ” \ t G1 i s : %. 1 e l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( l i n f t ) \n ” , G1 ) ;
61 L =16; // f t
62 at1 =0.302; // f l o w a r e a , i n ˆ2
.7.48
” , Gt ) ;
67 V =( Gt /(3600*62.5) ) ;
69 mu2 =1.98; // a t 90F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
70 D =0.0517; // f t
73 hi =940; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
75 ID =0.62; // f t
76 OD =0.75; // f t
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio ) ;
79 ho =125; // a s s u m p t i o n
82 tf =( Tc + tw ) /(2) ; // from eq 1 2 . 1 9
84 kf =0.077; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F/ f t ) , t a b l e 4
85 sf =0.6; // from t a b l e 6
86 muf =0.19; // cp , from f i g 14
119
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
91 Ac =(3040000/(104*36.4) ) ;
92 printf ( ” \ t c l e a n s u r f a c e r e q u i r e d f o r d c o n d e n s a t i o n
: %. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , Ac ) ;
94 ID =25; // i n
95 C =0.25; // c l e a r a n c e
97 PT =1;
” , Gs ) ;
103 De =0.95/12; // from f i g . 2 8 , f t
106 jH =46.5; // from f i g . 2 8
108 Z =1.51; // Z=(( c ) ∗ ( mu1 ) / k ) ˆ ( 1 / 3 )
109 ho =(( jH ) *( k / De ) *( Z ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 6 . 1 5 b , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t
ˆ2) ∗(F)
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
111 Us =(( hio ) *( ho ) /( hio + ho ) ) ; // c l e a n o v e r a l l
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Us ) ;
113 As =( qs /( Us * LMTDs ) ) ;
: %. 1 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , As ) ;
115 AC = As + Ac ;
120
117 UC =(( Us * As ) +( Uc * Ac ) ) /( AC ) ;
Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UC ) ;
120 A =( Nt * L * A2 ) ; // f t ˆ2
122 UD =(( Q ) /(( A ) *( delt ) ) ) ;
. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
n ” , Rd ) ;
128 Lc =13.4; // f t
129 De =0.0792; // f i g 28
193000 , using f i g .29
131 mu3 =0.0165; // a t 1 2 7 . 5 F
132 Ds =2.08; // f t
133 phys =1;
134 Res1 =( De * Gs / mu3 ) ;
135 printf ( ” \ t r e y n o l d s number i s %. 2 e \n ” , Res1 ) ;
136 rowvap =(72.2/((359) *(590/492) *(14.7/25) ) ) ;
137 printf ( ” \ t r o w v a p o u r i s %. 3 f l d / f t ˆ3 \n ” , rowvap ) ;
138 s =( rowvap /62.5) ;
139 printf ( ” \ t s i s %. 5 f \n ” ,s ) ;
140 N =(12* Lc / B ) +(1) ; // number o f c r o s s e s , u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 3
phys ) ) ) /(2) ; // u s i n g eq . 1 2 . 4 7 , p s i
144 printf ( ” \ t d e l P s s i s n e g l i g i b l e \n ” ) ;
22500 , using f i g .26
121
148 s =1;
149 phyt =1;
150 delPt =(( f *( Gt ^2) *( L ) *( n ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( D ) *( s ) *(
phyt ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 5 , p s i
152 X1 =0.1; // X1=((Vˆ 2 ) / ( 2 ∗ g ) ) , u s i n g f i g . 2 7
158 // end
Scilab code Exa 12.5 Calculation of a Horizontal Condenser subcooler
book \n ” ) ;
5 T3 =100; // a f t e r s u b c o o l i n g
8 W =21000; // l b / h r
9 w =167000; // l b / h r
11 printf ( ” \ t f o r p e n t a n e \n ” ) ;
12 c =0.57; // Btu / ( l b ) ( F )
13 qs =(( W ) *( c ) *( T2 - T3 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
14 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r s u b c o o l i n g o f
p e n t a n e i s : %. 0 e Btu / h r \n ” , qs ) ;
122
p e n t a n e i s : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” , qc ) ;
19 Q = qs + qc ;
20 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r p e n t a n e i s : %. 2
e Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
22 c =1; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
23 Q =(( w ) *( c ) *( t3 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
25 deltw =18.2;
27 t2 = t3 - deltw ;
28 printf ( ” \ t t 2 i s : %. 1 f F \n ” , t2 )
30 delt1 = T2 - t2 ; //F
31 delt2 = T1 - t3 ; // F
36 w1 =( qc / LMTDc ) ;
39 delt3 = T3 - t1 ; //F
40 delt4 = T2 - t2 ; // F
43 LMTDs =(( delt4 - delt3 ) /((2.3) *( log10 ( delt4 / delt3 ) ) ) ) ;
44 printf ( ” \ t LMTD i s :%. 1 f F \n ” , LMTDs ) ;
45 w2 =( qs / LMTDs ) ;
47 delt =( Q /( w1 + w2 ) ) ;
fluid ,F
f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
123
fluid ,F
. 0 f F \n ” , tc ) ;
53 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : s h e l l s i d e , p e n t a n e \n ” ) ;
54 C1 =0.198; // f o r 0 . 3 Ds
55 Ds =25; // i n
56 L =16; // f t
57 N =370
58 a =( C1 * Ds ^2) ;
59 printf ( ” \ t a i s : %. 0 f i n ˆ2 \n ” ,a ) ;
60 N1 =(( N * a *4) /(3.14* Ds ^2) ) ;
61 printf ( ” \ t number o f submerged t u b e s a r e : %. 0 f \n ” ,
N1 ) ;
62 Nt =N - N1 ;
63 printf ( ” \ t number o f t u b e s f o r c o n d e n s a t i o n a r e : %
. 0 f \n ” , Nt ) ;
64 Af =( N1 / N ) ;
65 printf ( ” \ t f l o o d e d s u r f a c e : %. 2 f \n ” , Af ) ;
67 G1 =( W /( L * Nt ^(2/3) ) ) ; // from eq . 1 2 . 4 3
71 L =16; // f t
72 at1 =0.302; // f l o w a r e a , i n ˆ2
.7.48
” , Gt ) ;
77 V =( Gt /(3600*62.5) ) ;
79 mu2 =1.98; // l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
80 D =0.0517; // f t
83 hi =940; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
124
85 ID =0.62; // f t
86 OD =0.75; // f t
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio ) ;
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
93 Ac =( qc /( Uc * LMTDc ) ) ;
94 printf ( ” \ t c l e a n s u r f a c e r e q u i r e d f o r d c o n d e n s a t i o n
: %. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , Ac ) ;
96 ho =50; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
98 Us =(( hio ) *( ho ) /( hio + ho ) ) ; // c l e a n o v e r a l l
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Us ) ;
100 As =( qs /( Us * LMTDs ) ) ;
: %. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , As ) ;
102 AC = As + Ac ;
104 UC =(( Us * As ) +( Uc * Ac ) ) /( AC ) ;
Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UC ) ;
106 A =1160; // f t ˆ2
108 UD =(( Q ) /(( A ) *( delt ) ) ) ;
. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
125
n ” , Rd ) ;
114 printf ( ” \ t I t w i l l be n e c e s s a r y t o s p r e a d t h e b a t H e s
t o a s p a c i n g o f 18 i n . t o c o m p e n s a t e f o r t h e
r e d u c t i o n i n c r o s s f i o w a r e a due t o t h e f l o o d e d
s u b c o o l i n g z o n e . The tube −s i d e p r e s s u r e d r o p w i l l
be t h e same a s b e f o r e . Assume b u n d l e f l o o d e d t o
0 . 3 Ds . \ n ” ) ;
115 As =0.547; // f t ˆ2
116 Gs =( W /( As ) ) ; // mass v e l o c i t y , l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 )
” , Gs ) ;
118 De =0.0792; // f i g 28
119 Res =(( De ) *( Gs ) /0.0165) ; // r e y n o l d s number
193000 , using f i g .29
122 s =0.00454; // f o r r e y n o l d s number 1 9 3 0 0 0 , u s i n g f i g . 6
123 Ds =2.08; // f t
124 B =18
125 phys =1;
phys ) ) ) /(2) ; // u s i n g eq . 1 2 . 4 7 , p s i
130 printf ( ” \ t d e l P s s i s n e g l i g i b l e \n ” ) ;
132 // end
Scilab code Exa 12.6 Calculation of Vertical Reflux type CSo Condenser
126
book \n ” ) ;
7 W =30000; // l b / h r
8 w =120000; // l b / h r
10 printf ( ” \ t f o r c a r b o n d i s u l f i d e \n ” ) ;
11 l =140; // Btu / ( l b )
12 Q =(( W ) * l ) ; // Btu / h r
13 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r c a r b o n d i s u l f i d e
i s : %. 1 e Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
15 c =1; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
16 Q =(( w ) *( c ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
17 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r w a t e r i s : %. 0 f
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
18 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
19 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
24 Tc =(( T2 ) + T1 ) /2; // c a l o r i c t e m p e r a t u r e o f h o t f l u i d ,
F
f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
fluid ,F
. 1 f F \n ” , tc ) ;
28 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : i n n e r t u b e s i d e , c a r b o n
d i s u l f i d e \n ” ) ;
29 hio =300; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
30 printf ( ” \ t c o l d f l u i d : s h e l l s i d e , w a t e r \n ” ) ;
31 ID =17.25; // i n
127
32 C =0.25; // c l e a r a n c e
34 PT =1;
37 Gs =( w / as ) ; // mass v e l o c i t y , l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 )
” , Gs ) ;
40 De =0.0792; // from f i g . 2 8 , f t
43 jH =103; // from f i g . 2 8
45 Z =1.68; // Z=(( c ) ∗ ( mu1 ) / k ) ˆ ( 1 / 3 ) ; // p r a n d e l t number
46 ho =(( jH ) *( k / De ) *( Z ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 6 . 1 5 , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t
ˆ2) ∗(F)
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
48 tw =( tc ) +((( hio ) /( hio + ho ) ) *( Tc - tc ) ) ; // from eq . 5 . 3 1
50 tf =( Tc + tw ) /(2) ; // from eq 1 2 . 1 9
52 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : i n n e r t u b e s i d e , c a r b o n
d i s u l f i d e \n ” ) ;
53 kf =0.09; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F/ f t ) , from f i g 14
54 sf =1.26; // from t a b l e 6
55 rowf =78.8; // l b / f t ˆ3
56 muf =0.68; // cp , from f i g 24
57 Nt =177;
58 D =0.0517; // f t
59 G1 =( W /(3.14* Nt * D ) ) ;
60 printf ( ” \ t G1 i s : %. f l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( l i n f t ) \n ” , G1 ) ;
61 Ret =((4) *( G1 ) / muf ) ; // r e y n o l d s number
62 printf ( ” \ t r e y n o l d s number i s : %. 0 f \n ” , Ret ) ;
63 hi =(0.251*((( kf ^3) *( rowf ^2) *(4.17*10^8) ) /( muf ^2) )
^(1/3) ) ; // h i ∗ ( ( ( k f ˆ 3 ) ∗ ( r o w f ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( 4 . 1 7 ∗ 1 0 ˆ 8 ) ) / (
muf ˆ 2 ) ) ˆ( −1) = 0 . 2 5 1 , from f i g 1 2 . 1 2
128
64 printf ( ” \ t h i i s : %. 0 e Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hi ) ;
65 ID =0.62; // f t
66 OD =.75; // f t
67 hio1 =(( hi ) *( ID / OD ) ) ; // Hio =( h i o / phyp ) , u s i n g eq . 6 . 5
68 printf ( ” \ t C o r r e c t h i o 1 t o t h e s u r f a c e a t t h e OD i s
: %. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio1 ) ;
69 Uc =(( hio1 ) *( ho ) /( hio1 + ho ) ) ; // c l e a n o v e r a l l
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
72 L =16;
73 A =( Nt * L * A2 ) ; // f t ˆ2
75 UD =(( Q ) /(( A ) *( LMTD ) ) ) ;
. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
n ” , Rd ) ;
81 at1 =0.302; // f l o w a r e a , i n ˆ2
.7.48
84 Gt =(30000/(0.372) ) ; // mass v e l o c i t y , l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 )
” , Gt ) ;
86 mu2 =0.029; // a t i n l e t , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
89 row =(76.1/((359) *(636/492) *(14.7/39.7) ) ) ;
90 printf ( ” \ t row i s %. 3 f l d / f t ˆ3 \n ” , row ) ;
91 s =( row /62.5) ;
92 printf ( ” \ t s i s %. 4 f \n ” ,s ) ;
129
143000 , using f i g .26
94 delPt =(( f *( Gt ^2) *(16) *(1) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *(0.0517) *( s
) ) ) /(2) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 5 , p s i
96 printf ( ” \ t a l l o w a b l e d e l P a i s n e g l i g i b l e p s i \n ” ) ;
31000 , using f i g .29
99 s =1; // f o r r e y n o l d s number 3 1 0 0 0 , u s i n g f i g . 6
100 Ds =17.25/12; // f t
101 B =6;
104 delPs =(( f *( Gs ^2) *( Ds ) *( N ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( De ) *( s ) ) ) ;
// u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 4 , p s i
107 // end
Scilab code Exa 12.7 Calculation of a Surface Condenser
book \n ” ) ;
3 V =7.5; // f p s
4 W =250000;
5 CCl =0.85;
6 CT =1;
7 CL =1;
8 Ct =263;
9 UD =( CCl * CT * CL * Ct *( V ^(1/2) ) ) ;
/ ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
11 A =( W /8) ;
12 printf ( ” \ t a r e a i s : %. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ” ,A ) ;
130
13 a1 =0.229; // f t ˆ2/ f t , t a b l e 10
14 at =0.475; // i n ˆ 2 , t a b l e 10
15 t1 =70;
16 Ts =91.72; //F
17 n =2;
18 L =26;
19 t2 =( Ts ) -(( Ts - t1 ) /((10) ^(0.000279* UD * L * n * a1 /( V * at ) ) ) )
;
20 printf ( ” \ t t 2 i s : %. 1 f F \n ” , t2 ) ; // c a l c u l a t i o n
m i s t a k e i n book
21 Go =( W *950) /(( t2 - t1 ) *500) ;
22 printf ( ” \ t c i r c u l a t i o n r a t e i s : %. 0 f gpm \n ” , Go ) ;
23 // end
131
Chapter 13
Condensation of Mixed vapors
Scilab code Exa 13.1 Calculation of the Bubble Point
2 // a t a t m o s p h e r i c p r e s s u r e , Pt =760 mm Hg
book \n ” ) ;
4 x (1) =0.077; // mole f r a c t i o n o f C4
7 printf ( ” \ t f o r T 100 F \n ” ) ;
8 Pp (1) =3170; // v a p o u r p r e s s u r e o f C4 , from f i g 1 3 . 3
11 i =1;
12 while (i <4)
13 p ( i ) =( Pp ( i ) * x ( i ) ) ;
14 printf ( ” \n x ( i ) Pp ( i ) p ( i ) \n ” +
string ( x ( i ) ) + ” ” + string ( Pp ( i ) ) + ” ”+
string ( p ( i ) ) + ” \n ” ) ;
15 i = i +1;
16 end
17 pt = p (1) + p (2) + p (3) ;
18 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l p r e s s u r e i s : %. 1 f mm Hg \n ” , pt ) ;
132
19 printf ( ” \ t p r e s s u r e i s t o o h i g h \n ” ) ;
20 printf ( ” \ t f o r T 96 F \n ” ) ;
24 i =1;
25 while (i <4)
26 p ( i ) =( Pp ( i ) * x ( i ) ) ;
string ( p ( i ) ) + ” \n ” ) ;
28 i = i +1;
29 end
30 pt = p (1) + p (2) + p (3) ;
32 printf ( ” \ t p r e s s u r e i s t o o low \n ” ) ;
33 printf ( ” \ t f o r T 97 F \n ” ) ;
37 i =1;
38 while (i <4)
39 p ( i ) =( Pp ( i ) * x ( i ) ) ;
string ( p ( i ) ) + ” \n ” ) ;
41 i = i +1;
42 end
43 pt = p (1) + p (2) + p (3) ;
45 i =1;
46 while (i <4)
47 y ( i ) =( Pp ( i ) * x ( i ) / pt ) ;
48 printf ( ” \n x ( i ) y ( i ) \n ” + string ( x ( i ) ) + ”
” + string ( y ( i ) ) + ” \n ” ) ;
49 i = i +1;
50 end
51 printf ( ” \ t s o l u t i o n f o r b \n ” ) ;
133
52 // S i m i l a r l y a t what t e m p e r a t u r e w i l l t h e m i x t u r e
s t a r t to b o i l i f the system i s under a p r e s s u r e
o f 35 p s i a
53 printf ( ” \ t f o r T 150 F \n ” ) ;
57 i =1;
58 while (i <4)
59 p ( i ) =( Pp ( i ) * x ( i ) ) ;
string ( p ( i ) ) + ” \n ” ) ;
61 i = i +1;
62 end
63 pt = p (1) + p (2) + p (3) ;
65 printf ( ” \ t p r e s s u r e i s t o o h i g h \n ” ) ;
66 printf ( ” \ t f o r T 149F \n ” ) ;
70 i =1;
71 while (i <4)
72 p ( i ) =( Pp ( i ) * x ( i ) ) ;
string ( p ( i ) ) + ” \n ” ) ;
74 i = i +1;
75 end
76 pt = p (1) + p (2) + p (3) ;
78 i =1;
79 while (i <4)
80 y ( i ) =( Pp ( i ) * x ( i ) / pt ) ;
81 printf ( ” \n x ( i ) y ( i ) \n ” + string ( x ( i ) ) + ”
” + string ( y ( i ) ) + ” \n ” ) ;
82 i = i +1;
134
83 end
84 printf ( ” \ t s o l u t i o n f o r c \n ” ) ;
85 printf ( ” \ t f o r T 95F \n ” ) ;
86 K (1) =3.13; // f i g 7
87 K (2) =0.92; // f i g 7
88 K (3) =0.30; // f i g 7
89 i =1;
90 while (i <4)
91 y ( i ) =( K ( i ) * x ( i ) ) ;
92 printf ( ” \n x ( i ) K( i ) y ( i ) \n ” + string (
x(i))+” ” + string ( K ( i ) ) + ” ” + string ( y
( i ) ) + ” \n ” ) ;
93 i = i +1;
94 end
95 yt = y (1) + y (2) + y (3) ;
96 printf ( ” \ t y t i s : %. 3 f \n ” , yt ) ;
97 printf ( ” \ t y t i s t o o low \n ” ) ;
98 printf ( ” \ t f o r T 100F \n ” ) ;
99 K (1) =3.35; // f i g 7
100 K (2) =1; // f i g 7
101 K (3) =0.335; // f i g 7
102 i =1;
103 while (i <4)
104 y ( i ) =( K ( i ) * x ( i ) ) ;
( i ) ) + ” \n ” ) ;
106 i = i +1;
107 end
108 yt = y (1) + y (2) + y (3) ;
111 printf ( ” \ t f o r T 102F \n ” ) ;
112 K (1) =3.45; // f i g 7
113 K (2) =1.02; // f i g 7
114 K (3) =0.35; // f i g 7
115 i =1;
116 while (i <4)
135
117 y ( i ) =( K ( i ) * x ( i ) ) ;
( i ) ) + ” \n ” ) ;
119 i = i +1;
120 end
121 yt = y (1) + y (2) + y (3) ;
123 printf ( ” \ t s o l u t i o n f o r d \n ” ) ;
124 // The u s e o f K v a l u e s g i v e s y , d i r e c t l y and p e r m i t s
u s e o f t h e t o t a l mol f r a c t i o n o f y t = 1 . 0 0 a s
the c r i t e r i o n f o r e q u i l i b r i u m
125 printf ( ” \ t f o r T 150F \n ” ) ;
126 K (1) =2.8; // f i g 7
127 K (2) =1.01; // f i g 7
128 K (3) =0.4; // f i g 7
129 i =1;
130 while (i <4)
131 y ( i ) =( K ( i ) * x ( i ) ) ;
( i ) ) + ” \n ” ) ;
133 i = i +1;
134 end
135 yt = y (1) + y (2) + y (3) ;
138 printf ( ” \ t f o r T 153F \n ” ) ;
139 K (1) =2.90; // f i g 7
140 K (2) =1.06; // f i g 7
141 K (3) =0.415; // f i g 7
142 i =1;
143 while (i <4)
144 y ( i ) =( K ( i ) * x ( i ) ) ;
( i ) ) + ” \n ” ) ;
146 i = i +1;
136
147 end
148 yt = y (1) + y (2) + y (3) ;
150 printf ( ” \ t s o l u t i o n f o r e a t p t =760mm Hg \n ” ) ;
151 y (1) =0.077; // mole f r a c t i o n o f C4
154 printf ( ” \ t f o r T 130F \n ” ) ;
155 K (1) =5; // f i g 7
156 K (2) =1.65; // f i g 7
157 K (3) =0.62; // f i g 7
158 i =1;
159 while (i <4)
160 x ( i ) =( y ( i ) / K ( i ) ) ;
161 printf ( ” \n y ( i ) K( i ) x ( i ) \n ” + string (
y(i))+” ” + string ( K ( i ) ) + ” ” + string ( x
( i ) ) + ” \n ” ) ;
162 i = i +1;
163 end
164 xt = x (1) + x (2) + x (3) ;
165 printf ( ” \ t x t i s : %. 3 f \n ” , xt ) ;
166 printf ( ” \ t x t i s t o o low \n ” ) ;
167 printf ( ” \ t f o r T 120F \n ” ) ;
168 K (1) =4.4; // f i g 7
169 K (2) =1.4; // f i g 7
170 K (3) =0.51; // f i g 7
171 i =1;
172 while (i <4)
173 x ( i ) =( y ( i ) / K ( i ) ) ;
( i ) ) + ” \n ” ) ;
175 i = i +1;
176 end
177 xt = x (1) + x (2) + x (3) ;
179 printf ( ” \ t x t i s h i g h \n ” ) ;
180 printf ( ” \ t f o r T 123F \n ” ) ;
137
181 K (1) =4.6; // f i g 7
182 K (2) =1.49; // f i g 7
183 K (3) =0.545; // f i g 7
184 i =1;
185 while (i <4)
186 x ( i ) =( y ( i ) / K ( i ) ) ;
( i ) ) + ” \n ” ) ;
188 i = i +1;
189 end
190 xt = x (1) + x (2) + x (3) ;
192 printf ( ” \ t dew p o i n t a t 760mm i s 123F \n ” ) ;
193 printf ( ” \ t dew p o i n t a t 35 p s i a \n ” ) ;
194 printf ( ” \ t f o r T 174F \n ” ) ;
195 K (1) =3.7; // f i g 7
196 K (2) =1.38; // f i g 7
197 K (3) =0.58; // f i g 7
198 i =1;
199 while (i <4)
200 x ( i ) =( y ( i ) / K ( i ) ) ;
( i ) ) + ” \n ” ) ;
202 i = i +1;
203 end
204 xt = x (1) + x (2) + x (3) ;
206 printf ( ” \ t dew p o i n t i s 174F \n ” ) ;
207 // end
Scilab code Exa 13.2 Calculation of the Bubble Point and Vapor Compo-
sition by Relative
138
book \n ” ) ;
3 printf ( ” \ t b u b b l e p o i n t a t 95F and 1 4 . 7 p s i a \n ” ) ;
7 K (1) =3.13; // f i g 7
8 K (2) =0.92; // f i g 7
9 K (3) =0.3; // f i g 7
10 a (1) =3.4; // a= a l p h a
11 a (2) =1;
12 a (3) =0.326;
13 i =1;
14 while (i <4)
15 Z ( i ) =( a ( i ) * x ( i ) ) ;
16 i = i +1;
17 end
18 Zt = Z (1) + Z (2) + Z (3) ;
19 printf ( ” \ t Zt i s : %. 3 f \n ” , Zt ) ;
20 i =1;
21 while (i <4)
22 y ( i ) =( a ( i ) * x ( i ) /( Zt ) ) ;
23 printf ( ” \n x ( i ) K( i ) a( i ) Z( i )
y ( i ) \n ” + string ( x ( i ) ) + ” ” + string ( K
(i))+” ” + string ( a ( i ) ) + ” ” + string ( Z ( i
))+” ” + string ( y ( i ) ) + ” \n ” ) ;
24 i = i +1;
25 end
26 yt = y (1) + y (2) + y (3) ;
28 K2 =( y (2) / x (2) ) ;
29 printf ( ” \ t K2 i s : %. 3 f \n ” , K2 ) ;
30 printf ( ” \ t b u b b l e p o i n t i s 102 \n ” ) ; // from f i g 7 ,
c o m p a r i n g K2 v a l u e
31 printf ( ” \ t dew p o i n t a t 130F and 1 4 . 7 p s i a \n ” ) ;
139
35 K (1) =5; // f i g 7
36 K (2) =1.65; // f i g 7
37 K (3) =0.62; // f i g 7
38 a (1) =3.03; // a= a l p h a
39 a (2) =1;
40 a (3) =0.376;
41 i =1;
42 while (i <4)
43 Z ( i ) =( y ( i ) / a ( i ) ) ;
44 i = i +1;
45 end
46 Zt = Z (1) + Z (2) + Z (3) ;
47 printf ( ” \ t Zt i s : %. 3 f \n ” , Zt ) ;
48 i =1;
49 while (i <4)
50 x ( i ) =( Z ( i ) / Zt ) ;
51 printf ( ” \n y ( i ) K( i ) a( i ) Z( i )
x ( i ) \n ” + string ( y ( i ) ) + ” ” + string ( K
(i))+” ” + string ( a ( i ) ) + ” ” + string ( Z ( i
))+” ” + string ( x ( i ) ) + ” \n ” ) ;
52 i = i +1;
53 end
54 xt = x (1) + x (2) + x (3) ;
56 K2 =( y (2) / x (2) ) ;
57 printf ( ” \ t K2 i s : %. 2 f \n ” , K2 ) ;
58 printf ( ” \ t dew p o i n t i s 122F \n ” ) ; // from f i g 7 ,
c o m p a r i n g K2 v a l u e
59 // end
Scilab code Exa 13.3 Condenser Calculations for a Multicomponent Mix-

ture
140
book \n ” ) ;
3 printf ( ” \ t f o r c o n d e n s i n g r a n g e \n ” ) ;
4 V (1) =170.5; // volume o f C3 , Mol / h r
5 V (2) =284; // volume o f C4 , Mol / h r
8 V (5) =284; // volume o f C8 , Mol / h r
9 Tw =283; // dew p o i n t a s s u m p t i o n
10 Tb =120; // b u b b l e p o i n t a s s u m p t i o n
11 K (1) =13.75 // a t 283F
12 K (2) =6.18 // a t 283F
13 K (3) =1.60 // a t 283F
14 K (4) =0.825 // a t 283F
15 K (5) =0.452 // a t 283F
16 i =1;
17 while (i <6)
18 Z ( i ) =( V ( i ) / K ( i ) ) ;
19 i = i +1;
20 end
21 Vt = V (1) + V (2) + V (3) + V (4) + V (5) ;
22 Zt = Z (1) + Z (2) + Z (3) + Z (4) + Z (5) ;
23 L (1) =170.5; // volume o f C3 , Mol / h r
24 L (2) =284; // volume o f C4 , Mol / h r
27 L (5) =284; // volume o f C8 , Mol / h r
28 Kl (1) =4.1 // a t 283F
29 Kl (2) =1.39 // a t 283F
30 Kl (3) =0.17 // a t 283F
31 Kl (4) =0.06 // a t 283F
32 Kl (5) =0.023 // a t 283F
33 i =1;
34 while (i <6)
35 Zl ( i ) =( L ( i ) * Kl ( i ) ) ;
36 printf ( ” \n V( i ) K( i ) Z( i ) L( i )
Kl ( i ) Z l ( i ) \n ” + string ( V ( i ) ) + ”
” + string ( K ( i ) ) + ” ” + string ( Z ( i ) ) + ”
141
” + string ( L ( i ) ) + ” ” + string ( Kl ( i ) ) + ”
” + string ( Zl ( i ) ) + ” \n ” ) ;
37 i = i +1;
38 end
39 Lt = L (1) + L (2) + L (3) + L (4) + L (5) ;
40 Zlt = Zl (1) + Zl (2) + Zl (3) + Zl (4) + Zl (5) ;
41 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l volume i n v a p o u r p h a s e : %. 1 f \n ” ,
Vt ) ;
42 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l Zt i n v a p o u r p h a s e : %. 1 f \n ” , Zt ) ;
43 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l volume i n l i q u i d p h a s e : %. 1 f \n ” ,
Lt ) ;
44 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l Z l t i n l i q u i d p h a s e : %. 1 f \n ” , Zlt )
;
45 // Range : 283 t o 270 F
46 // T r i a l : Assume V /L = 4 . 0 0 .
47 R =4; // R=(V/L ) , a s s u m p t i o n
48 K (1) =12.75 // a t 270F
49 K (2) =5.61 // a t 270F
50 K (3) =1.40 // a t 270F
51 K (4) =0.705 // a t 270F
52 K (5) =0.375 // a t 270F
53 i =1;
54 Y(i)=V(i);
55 while (i <6)
56 P ( i ) =( K ( i ) * R ) ;
57 L1 ( i ) =( V ( i ) /(1+ P ( i ) ) ) ; // V( i )=Y( i )
58 printf ( ” \n Y( i ) K( i ) P( i ) L1 ( i )
\n ” + string ( V ( i ) ) + ” ” + string ( K ( i ) ) + ”
” + string ( P ( i ) ) + ” ” + string ( L1 ( i ) ) + ”
\n ” ) ;
59 i = i +1;
60 end
61 L1t = L1 (1) + L1 (2) + L1 (3) + L1 (4) + L1 (5) ;
62 V1t =( Vt - L1t ) ;
63 R1 =( V1t / L1t ) ;
64 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l l i q u i d a t 270F : %. 0 f \n ” , L1t ) ;
65 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l v a p o u r a t 270F : %. 0 f \n ” , V1t ) ;
66 printf ( ” \ t R1 i s : %. 0 f \n ” , R1 ) ;
142
67 // I f t h e assumed and c a l c u l a t e d v a l u e s o f V /L had
n o t c h e c k e d , a new v a l u e would have b e e n assumed .
68 printf ( ” \ t f o r c o n d e n s i n g c u r v e \n ” ) ;
69 R270 =4; // V/L a t 2 7 0 , from t a b l e 1 3 . 2
70 R270 =1.567; // V/L a t 2 5 0 , from t a b l e 1 3 . 2
71 R270 =0.916; // V/L a t 2 3 0 , from t a b l e 1 3 . 2
72 R270 =0.520; // V/L a t 2 0 0 , from t a b l e 1 3 . 2
73 R270 =0.226; // V/L a t 1 6 0 , from t a b l e 1 3 . 2
74 H270 =30835500; // 4 t h t a b l e i n s o l u t i o n , e n t h a l p i e s
c a l c u l a t e d from f i g 10
75 printf ( ” \ t h e a t l o a d a t 270F i s : %. 0 f Btu / h r \n ” ,
H270 ) ;
76 H250 =27042400; // 5 t h t a b l e i n s o l u t i o n , e n t h a l p i e s
77 printf ( ” \ t h e a t l o a d a t 250F i s : %. 0 f Btu / h r \n ” ,
H250 ) ;
78 Q = H270 - H250 ;
79 printf ( ” \ t h e a t l o a d f o r i n t e r v a l 270 −250F : %. 0 f
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
80 qt =21203000; // 6 t h t a b l e i n s o l u t i o n , c a l c u l a t e d
from f i g 10
81 printf ( ” \ t h e a t l o a d f o r e n t i r e r a n g e i s : %. 0 f Btu /
h r \n ” , qt ) ;
82 M =210410; // M=sum (U∗A) , 6 t h t a b l e i n s o l u t i o n ,
83 w =( qt /(120 -80) ) ;
84 printf ( ” \ t w a t e r f l o w r a t e : %. 1 e l b / h r \n ” ,w ) ;
85 W =95450; // f l o w r a t e o f f e e d , l b / h r
86 delt =( qt / M ) ;
87 printf ( ” \ t w e i g h t e d d e l t i s : %. 1 f F \n ” , delt ) ;
88 q1 =[0 3.4765 7.2696 10.109 13.468 17.399 21.203];
89 T1 =[283 270 250 230 200 160 120];
90 plot2d ( q1 , T1 , style =3 , rect =[0 ,0 ,25 ,300]) ;
91 q2 =[0 21.203];
92 T2 =[283 120];
93 plot2d ( q2 , T2 , style =5 , rect =[0 ,0 ,25 ,300]) ;
94 xtitle ( ” c o n d e n s i n g c u r v e ” ,” h e a t l o a d , Btu / h r ” ,”
t e m p e r a t u r e , F” ) ;
143
95 legend ( ” g r e e n − d i f f e r e n t i a l v a p o u r ” ,” red −v a p o u r ” ) ;
96 printf ( ” \ t c a l c u l a t i o n o f t h e e x c h a n g e r \n ” ) ;
101 L =16;
102 Nt =774;
103 n =4;
104 row =62.5;
105 Qs =21203000; // Btu / h r
106 Qw =( w *1*(120 -80) ) ;
107 printf ( ” \ t h e a t a b s o r b e d by w a t e r : %. 4 e Btu / h r \n ” ,
Qw ) ;
108 Mavg =84; // T h i s c o r r e s p o n d s v e r y c l o s e l y t o h e x a n e
( mol . Wt . = 8 6 . 2 ) whose p r o p e r t i e s w i l l be u s e d
throughout .
109 Qc = W *(0.6/2) *(283 -120) ;
110 printf ( ” \ t c o n d e n s a t e s e n s i b l e h e a t l o a d : %. 2 e Btu /
h r \n ” , Qc ) ;
111 S =( Qc *(100/ Qs ) ) ;
112 printf ( ” \ t s u b m e r g e n c e : %. 0 f \n ” ,S ) ;
113 Tc =(( T1 + T2 ) /2) ; // c a l o r i c t e m p e r a t u r e o f h o t f l u i d ,
F
f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
115 tc =(( t1 + t2 ) /2) ; // c a l o r i c t e m p e r a t u r e o f c o l d f l u i d
,F
. 0 f F \n ” , tc ) ;
117 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : s h e l l s i d e , v a p o u r \n ” ) ;
118 Nts =(774*(1 -.22) ) ; // a s s u b m e r g e n c e i s 22%
119 printf ( ” \ t unmerged t u b e s : %. 0 f \n ” , Nts ) ;
120 Gs =( W /( L *( Nts ^(2/3) ) ) ) ; // eq 1 2 . 4 3
121 printf ( ” \ t Gs i s : %. 1 f \n ” , Gs ) ;
122 Ho =200; // a s s u m p t i o n
124 at1 =0.302; // f l o w a r e a , i n ˆ2
144
.7.48
” , Gt ) ;
129 V =( Gt /(3600* row ) ) ;
131 hi =1355; // f i g 25
132 ID =0.62;
133 OD =0.75;
%. 2 e Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio ) ;
136 tw =( tc ) +((( Ho ) /( hio + Ho ) ) *( Tc - tc ) ) ; // from eq . 5 . 3 1
138 tf =( Tc + tw ) /(2) ; // from eq 1 2 . 1 9
140 kf =0.077; // t a b l e 4 , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F/ f t )
141 sf =0.60; // from t a b l e 6
142 muf =0.21; // cp , from f i g 14
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
147 Ac =( Qw /(174* delt ) ) ;
148 printf ( ” \ t c l e a n s u r f a c e r e q u i r e d f o r c o n d e n s a t i o n :
%. 2 e f t ˆ2 \n ” , Ac ) ;
149 As =1210*0.22;
150 printf ( ” \ t c l e a n s u r f a c e r e q u i r e d f o r s u b c o o l i n g : %
. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , As ) ;
151 AG = As + Ac ;
152 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l c l e a n s u r f a c e : %. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , AG ) ;
153 UC =( Qw /( AG * delt ) ) ;
145
Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UC ) ;
156 A =( Nt * L * A2 ) ; // f t ˆ2
157 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l s u r f a c e a r e a i s : %. 2 e f t ˆ2 \n ” ,A ) ;
158 UD =(( Qw ) /(( A ) *( delt ) ) ) ;
. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
n ” , Rd ) ;
163 B =30;
164 as =33*0.25*(30/144) *1; // eq 7 . 1
165 printf ( ” \ t a s i s : %. 2 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , as ) ;
166 Gs =( W / as ) ;
167 printf ( ” \ t Gs i s : %. 2 e l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) \n ” , Gs ) ; //
eq 7 . 2
168 mu1 =0.0218; // a t 283F
169 De =0.0608; // f t , from f i g 15
170 Res =( De * Gs ) /( mu1 ) ;
172 f =0.00125; // f i g 29
173 N =(12* L / B ) ; // eq 7 . 4 3
174 printf ( ” \ t number c r o s s e s : %. 0 f \n ” ,N ) ;
175 row1 =0.527; // l b / f t ˆ3
176 s =0.00844;
177 Ds =2.75; // f t
178 delPs =(( f *( Gs ^2) *( Ds ) *( N ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( De ) *( s )
*(1) ) ) /(2) ; // u s i n g eq 1 2 . 4 7 , p s i
181 mu2 =1.74; // f i g 14
182 D =0.0517; // f t
183 s =1;
184 Ret =( D * Gt / mu2 ) ;
185 printf ( ” \ t r e y n o l d s number : %. 2 e \n ” , Ret ) ;
186 f =0.00019; // f t ˆ2/ i n ˆ2
146
187 delPt =(( f *( Gt ^2) *( L ) *( n ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( D ) *(1) *(1) )
) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 5 , p s i
189 X1 =0.23; // X1=((Vˆ 2 ) / ( 2 ∗ g ) ) , u s i n g f i g . 2 7
195 // end
Scilab code Exa 13.4 Vapor
book \n ” ) ;
3 vA =2*3.7+(7.4) ; // f o r steam
4 vB =14.8+(2*7.4) ; // f o r CO2
5 MA =18;
6 MB =44;
7 T =403; // K
8 Pt =3.04; // atm
9 kd =(0.0166) *(((403^(3/2) ) /(3.04*(14.8^(1/3)
+29.6^(1/3) ) ^(2) ) ) *((1/18) +(1/44) ) ^(1/2) ) ; // eq
13.31
10 printf ( ” \ t d i f f u s i v i t y i s : %. 2 f f t ˆ2/ h r \n ” , kd ) ;
11 // end
Scilab code Exa 13.5 Calculation of a Steam Carbon Dioxide Condenser
2 // f o r a B a s i s o f one Hour
147
book \n ” ) ;
4 c (1) =1544; // Flow r a t e o f CO2 , Lb/ h r
5 h (1) =4500; // Flow r a t e o f H20 , Lb/ h r
6
7 c (2) =35; // Flow r a t e o f CO2 , Mol / h r
8 h (2) =250; // Flow r a t e o f H20 , Mol / h r
9
10 t (1) = c (1) + h (1) ; // T o t a l f l o w r a t e , Lb/ h r
11 t (2) = c (2) + h (2) ; // T o t a l f l o w r a t e , Mol / h r
12
13 Pt = (30+14.7) /(14.7) ; // T o t a l P r e s s u r e i n atm
14 printf ( ” \ t Pt i s %. 2 f \n ” , Pt ) ;
15 Pw = ( h (2) / t (2) ) * Pt ; // P a r t i a l p r e s s u r e o f Water
i n atm
16
17 printf ( ” \ t P a r t i a l P r e s s u r e o f Water : %. 2 f atm \n ” ,
Pw ) ;
18
19 Tw = 267; // from t a b l e 7 a t 2 . 6 8 atm
20 Mm = ( t (1) / t (2) ) ;
21
22 printf ( ” \ t mean m o l e c u l a r w e i g h t : %. 1 f \n ” , Mm ) ;
23 // w e i g h t e d t e m p e r a t u r e d i f f e r e n c e
24 // o v e r a l l b a l a n c e
25 // f o r I n l e t
26 Pv =2.68; // w a t e r v a p o u r p r e s s u r e , atm
27 Pg = Pt - Pv ; // I n e r t p r e s s u r e
28 // f o r E x i t
29 Pw1 = 0.1152 // P a r t i a l p r e s s u r e o f w a t e r a t 120 F
30 Pv1 = 0.115; // Water v a p o r p r e s s u r e
31 Pg1 = 2.935; // I n e r t p r e s s u r e
32
33 w1 = 250; // Pound m o l s steam i n l e t
34 w2 = c (2) *( Pv1 / Pg1 ) ;
35 printf ( ” \ tPound m o l s steam e x i t :%. 2 f \n ” , w2 ) ;
36 w3 = w1 - w2 ;
37 printf ( ” \ tPound m o l s steam c o n d e s s e d :%. 2 f \n ” , w3 ) ;
148
38 // Assume p o i n t s a t 2 6 7 , 2 6 2 , 2 5 5 , 2 2 5 , 1 5 0 , 1 2 0 deg F
39 // For t h e i n t e r v a l from 267 t o 262 F
40
41 Pv2 = 2.49; // From t a b l e 7 a t 262 F
42 Pg2 = Pt - Pv2 ; // I n e r t p r e s s u r e
43 printf ( ” \ tPg i s %. 2 f ” , Pg2 ) ;
44
45 w4 = c (2) * ( Pv2 / Pg2 ) ; // Mol steam r e m a i n i n g
46 w5 = h (2) - w4 ; // Mol steam c o n d e n s e d
47
48 printf ( ” \ tMol steam r e m a i n i n g :%. 0 f \n ” , w4 ) ;
49 printf ( ” \ tMol steam c o n d e n s e d :%. 0 f \n ” , w5 ) ;
50
51 h1 = ( w5 *18*937.3) + (0.46*(267 -262) * w5 * 18) ; //
Heat o f c o n d e n s a t i o n
52 h2 = ( w4 * 18 * 0.46*(267 -262) ) ; // Heat from
u n c o n d e n s e d steam
53 h3 = c (1) *0.22*5.0; // Heat from n o n c o n d e n s a b l e
54
55 printf ( ” \ t H e a t o f c o n d e n s a t i o n :%. 2 e \n ” , h1 ) ;
56 printf ( ” \ t H e a t from u n c o n d e n s e d steam :%. 2 e \n ” , h2 ) ;
57 printf ( ” \ t H e a t from n o n c o n d e n s a b l e :%. 1 e \n ” , h3 ) ;
58
59 ht = h1 + h2 + h3 ; // T o t a l h e a t
60 printf ( ” \ t T o t a l h e a t :%. 0 f \n ” , ht ) ;
61
62 // S i m i l a r i l y c a l c u l a t i n g t h e Heat b a l a n c e f o r o t h e r
intervals
63 printf ( ” \ t I n t e r v a l , F\ t T o t a l Heat \n\ t 2 6 7 −262\ t1
, 5 9 8 , 0 0 0 \ n\ t 2 6 2 −255\ t1 , 1 0 4 , 0 0 0 \ n\ t 2 5 5 −225\ t1
, 1 7 2 , 0 0 0 \ n\ t 2 2 5 −150\ t 7 5 1 , 0 0 0 \ n\ t 1 5 0 −120\ t 1 7 7 , 0 0 0 \
n\ t T o t a l \ t4 , 8 0 2 , 0 0 0 \ n ” ) ;
64
65 w =4802000/(115 -80) ; // T o t a l w a t e r
66 printf ( ” \ t T o t a l w a t e r : %. 2 e \n ” ,w ) ;
67 // Water c o e f f i c i e n t
68 Nt = 246;
69 at1 = 0.302;
149
70 n = 4;
71
72 at = Nt * ( at1 /(144* n ) ) ; // From eq 7 . 4 8
73 printf ( ” \ t a t i s %. 3 f f t ˆ2\ n ” , at ) ;
74 Gt = w / at ;
75 printf ( ” \ tGt i s %. 2 e l b / ( h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) \n ” , Gt ) ;
76 ro = 62.5;
77 V = Gt /(3600* ro ) ;
78 printf ( ” \tV i s %. 2 f f p s \n ” ,V ) ;
79 hi = 1120; // From f i g . 25
80 ID = 0.62;
81 OD = 0.75;
82 hi0 = hi *( ID / OD ) ; // From eq 6 . 5
83 printf ( ” \ t h i 0 i s %. 0 f \n ” , hi0 ) ;
84 // Mean p r o p e r t i e s a t 267 F
85 c = (( c (1) *0.22) +( h (1) *0.46) ) / t (1) ; // C a l c u l a t i o n
m i s t a k e i n Book
86 printf ( ” \ tMean c :%. 3 f Btu / ( l b ) ( F ) \n ” ,c ) ;
87
88 k = (( c (1) *0.0128) +( h (1) *0.015) ) / t (1) ; //
C a l c u l a t i o n m i s t a k e i n Book
89 printf ( ” \ tMean k :%. 4 f Btu / ( h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) ( F/ f t ) \n ” ,k ) ;
90
91 mu = ((( c (1) *0.019) +( h (1) *0.0136) ) / t (1) ) * 2.42; //
C a l c u l a t i o n m i s t a k e i n Book
92 printf ( ” \ tMean mu :%. 4 f l b / ( h r ) ( f t ) \n ” , mu ) ;
93
94 ID1 = 21.25;
95 C = 0.25;
96 B = 12;
97 PT = 1.0;
98
99 as = ID1 * C * ( B /(144* PT ) ) ; // From eq 7 . 1
100 printf ( ” \ t a s i s %. 3 f f t ˆ2\ n ” , as ) ;
101 Gs = t (1) / as // From eq 7 . 2
102 printf ( ” \ tGs i s %. 3 e l b / ( h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) \n ” , Gs ) ;
103 Ds = 0.0792; // From F i g 28
104 Res = Ds * ( Gs /0.0363) ; // From eq 7 . 3
150
105 printf ( ” \ t R e s i s %. 2 e \n ” , Res ) ;
106 jH = 102; // From F i g 28
107 x = (( c * mu ) / k ) ^(1/3) ;
108 printf ( ” \ t ( c . mu/ k ) ˆ 1 / 3 i s %. 0 f \n ” ,x ) ;
109 h0 = jH * 0.0146 * ( x / Ds ) ; // From eq 6 . 1 5 b
110 printf ( ” \ t h 0 i s %. 0 f \n ” , h0 ) ;
111 y = 0.62 // y = (mu/ r o ∗ kd ) ˆ ( 2 / 3 )
112 z = 1.01; // z = ( ( c ∗mu) / k ) ˆ ( 2 / 3 )
113
114 K = ( h0 * z ) /(0.407* Mm * y ) ; //KG = K/ p 0 f
115 printf ( ” \tK i s %. 2 f \n ” ,K ) ;
116 // a t p o i n t 1
117 Tg = 244; // F
118 tW = 115;
119 delt =( Tg - tW ) ;
120 printf ( ” \ t d e l t i s %. 0 f F \n ” , delt ) ;
Scilab code Exa 13.6 Calculation of a Condenser
1 printf ( ” \ t e x a m p l e 1 3 . 6 a \n ” ) ;
book \n ” ) ;
3
4 ds =[0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100];
5 tmp =[90 145 180 208 234 260 286 312 338 367 400];
6 clf () ;
7 subplot (3 ,2 ,1) ;
8 plot2d ( ds , tmp , style =2 , rect =[0 ,80 ,100 ,400]) ;
9 xtitle ( ” P l o t o f ASTM c u r v e ” , boxed =1) ;
10 xlabel ( ” Per c e n t d i s t i l l e d o f f ” ) ;
11 ylabel ( ” T e m p e r a t u r e F ”);
12
13 // From t h e p l o t t e d ASTM c u r v e and r e f e r e n c e l i n e
14 s = (312 -145) /60; // ( 7 0% − 10%) /60%
15 printf ( ” \ t S l o p e o f ASTm = %. 2 f F \n ” ,s ) ;
151
16 ap = (180+260+338) /3; // ( 2 0% +50% +80%) /3
17 printf ( ” \ t A v e r a g e 50 p r c n t p o i n t = %. 1 f F \n ” , ap ) ;
18
19 fc = 38; // F , from F i g . 1 3 . 8
20 printf ( ” \ t 5 0 p r c n t p o i n t ASTM = 50 p r c n t p o i n t f l a s h
c u r v e = %. 0 f F \n ” , fc ) ;
21 fc1 = ap - fc ; // F , f i x i n g f i r s t p o i n t on EFC
22 printf ( ” \ t 5 0 p r c n t on EFC = %. 0 f F \n ” , fc1 ) ;
23
24 s1 = 1.65; // ( F /%) from f i g 1 3 . 1 0 , u p p e r c u r v e
25 ten = 221 - 40* s1 ; //
26 printf ( ” \ t 1 0 p r c n t on EFC = 50 p r c n t − 40 p r c n t = %. 0 f
F \n ” , ten ) ;
27 sty = 221 + 20* s1 ; //
28 printf ( ” \ t 7 0 p r c n t on EFC = 50 p r c n t + 20 p r c n t %. 0 f
F \n ” , sty ) ;
29
30 // Draw t h i s l i n e a s a r e f e r e n c e t h r o u g h t h e 50%
point . Calculate the f l a s h curve f o r d i f f e r e n t
percentages off
31
32 // 0% o f f
33 printf ( ” \n\ t 0 p r c n t o f f : \ n ” ) ;
34 dela = 90 - 117; // S t e p ( 8 )
35 printf ( ” \ t \ tDelT ASTM = %. 0 f F \n ” , dela ) ;
36 delE = dela * 0.50; // S t e p ( 9 )
37 printf ( ” \ t \ tDelT EFC = %. 1 f F \n ” , delE ) ;
38 FE = 139 - delE ; // S t e p ( 1 0 )
39 printf ( ” \ t \ t F EFC = %. 1 f \n ” , FE ) ;
40 // end
41 ov =13300; // l b / h r
42 ng =90; // l b / h r
43 mng =50; // mol . wt
44 st =370; // l b / h r
45 avG =50; // F API
46 // For 80%
47 ouc = ov *0.80; // l b / h r
48 printf ( ” \ t o i l u n c o n d e n s e d = %. 0 f l b / h r \n ” , ouc ) ;
152
49 avB =269; // F , from F i g . 1 3 . 1 3
50 printf ( ” \ t A v e r a g e b o i l i n g p o i n t from t h e EFC a t 1
atm = %. 0 f F \n ” , avB ) ;
51 avB1 = avB +17; // F , from F i g . 1 3 . 1 3
52 printf ( ” \ t A v e r a g e b o i l i n g p o i n t from t h e EFC a t 1 9 . 7
p s i a = %. 0 f F \n ” , avB1 ) ;
53 mwt =113; // mol . wt
54 mtoc = ouc / mwt ;
55 printf ( ” \ tThe m o l e s o f o i l s t i l l t o be c o n d e n s e d = %
. 1 f \n ” , mtoc ) ;
56 mg1 = ng / mng ;
57 ms1 = st /18;
58 tm = mg1 + ms1 + mtoc ;
59 printf ( ” \ t \ t M o l s g a s = %. 2 f \n\ t \ t M o l s steam = %. 1 f \n
” ,mg1 , ms1 ) ;
60 printf ( ” \ t \ t \ t −−−−−\n\ t \ t M o l s t o t a l = %. 1 f \n ” , tm
);
61 tp =19.7; // p s i a
62 poil =( mtoc / tm ) * tp ; // p s i a
63 printf ( ” \ t P a r t i a l p r e s s u r e o f o i l = %. 1 f p s i a \n ” ,
poil ) ;
64 pgas =( mg1 / tm ) * tp ; // p s i a
65 printf ( ” \ t P a r t i a l p r e s s u r e o f NC g a s = %. 3 f p s i a \n ” ,
pgas ) ;
66 tm (1) =95; // F
67 tm (2) =127; // F
68 tm (3) =163; // F
69 tm (4) =205; // F
70 tm (5) =240; // F
71 pp (1) =6.73;
72 pp (2) =9.40;
73 pp (3) =12.25;
74 pp (4) =14.64;
75 pp (5) =15.65;
76 psat (1) =0.815; // From steam t a b l e
153
81 printf ( ” \n\ t \tCALCULATION OF DEW POINT OF THE STEAM\
n”);
82 printf ( ” \tT , F \ t [ p t − ( p o i l +pNC) ] = psteam \
t p s a t ( steam t a b l e s ) \n ” ) ;
83 i =1;
84 while (i <6)
85 ps = tp - pp ( i ) ;
86 printf ( ” \ t ” + string ( tm ( i ) ) + ” \t% . 1 f \ t %. 2 f \ t \t% . 2 f
\t% . 3 f \n ” ,tp , pp ( i ) ,ps , psat ( i ) ) ;
87 i = i +1;
88 end
89 subplot (3 ,2 ,2) ;
90 plot2d ( psat , tm , style =3 , rect =[0 ,25 ,90 ,250]) ;
91 xtitle ( ” Computed p r e s s u r e o f steam ” , boxed =1) ;
92 xlabel ( ” P r e s s u r e o f steam , p s i ” ) ;
94
95 ds =6.417; // p s i a , a t 173 F ,
96 printf ( ” \ tAt 173 F , t h e dew p o i n t o f steam , psat =
%. 3 f p s i a \n ” , ds ) ;
97 pd1 = tp - ds ; // p s i a
98 printf ( ” \ t p o i l + pNC = %. 2 f p s i a \n ” , pd1 ) ;
99 x =(( tp * ms1 ) / ds ) -( ms1 + mg1 ) ; // m o l s o i l
100 printf ( ” \ t O i l = %. 2 f m o l s o i l \n ” ,x ) ;
101 mw =85; // From f i g . 1 3 . 1 4
102 printf ( ” \ tThe m o l e c u l a r w e i g h t o f t h e v a p o r s i s %. 0 f
\n ” , mw ) ;
103 lv = x * mw ; // l b
104 printf ( ” \ tLb / h r v a p o r = %. 0 f \n ” , lv ) ;
105 prc =(( ov - lv ) *100) / ov ; //%
106 printf ( ” \ t p e r c e n t Condensed = %. 0 f \n ” , prc ) ;
107 printf ( ” \n\ t \ t \ tOIL CONDENSING CURVE\n ” ) ;
108 printf ( ” \ t p r c n t \ t C o n d e n s a b l e s \ t \ tAv BP on EFC\ t \
t50 API\ t \ tMol o i l \ t \ tMol NC g a s \ tMol steam \
tMol t o t a l \ t T o t a l p r e s s u r e \ t P a r t i a l p r e s s u r e \
t P a r t i a l p r e s s u r e \ tCond temp , F \n\ t \ t l b . h r \ t \ t 1 4
.7 psia F \ t 1 9 . 7 p s i a , F \ t m o l . wt \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \
154
t \ t \ t p s i a \ t \ t o i l , p s i a \ t \tNC gas , p s i a \n ” ) ;
109 mo (1) =107.5;
110 mo (2) =94.3;
111 mo (3) =77.7;
112 mo (4) =57.4;
113 mo (5) =31.8;
114 mo (6) =17.1;
115 mo (7) =8.9;
116 i =1;
117 while (i <8)
118 mt ( i ) = mo ( i ) + mg1 + ms1 ;
119 ppo ( i ) =( mo ( i ) / mt ( i ) ) * tp ;
120 ppg ( i ) =( mg1 / mt ( i ) ) * tp ;
121 i = i +1;
122 end
123 printf ( ” \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
n”);
124 printf ( ” \ t 1 0 0 \ t 1 3 3 3 0 \ t \ t 3 0 0 \ t \ t 3 1 7 \ t \ t 1 2 4 \ t \t% . 1 f \ t \
t 1 . 8 \ t \ t 2 0 . 6 \ t \t% . 1 f \ t \ t 1 9 . 7 \ t \t% . 1 f \ t \ t \t% . 3 f \ t \
t \ t 3 0 5 \n ” , mo (1) , mt (1) , ppo (1) , ppg (1) ) ;
125 printf ( ” \ t 8 0 \ t 1 0 6 6 4 \ t \ t 2 6 9 \ t \ t 2 8 6 \ t \ t 1 1 3 \ t \t% . 1 f \ t \
t 1 . 8 \ t \ t 2 0 . 6 \ t \t% . 1 f \ t \ t 1 9 . 7 \ t \t% . 1 f \ t \ t \t% . 3 f \ t \
t \ t 2 7 7 \n ” , mo (2) , mt (2) , ppo (2) , ppg (2) ) ;
126 printf ( ” \ t 6 0 \ t 7 9 9 8 \ t \ t 2 3 9 \ t \ t 2 5 6 \ t \ t 1 0 3 \ t \t% . 1 f \ t \ t 1
. 8 \ t \ t 2 0 . 6 \ t \t% . 1 f \ t \ t 1 9 . 7 \ t \t% . 1 f \ t \ t \t% . 3 f \ t \ t \
t 2 4 0 \n ” , mo (3) , mt (3) , ppo (3) , ppg (3) ) ;
127 printf ( ” \ t 4 0 \ t 5 3 3 2 \ t \ t 2 0 7 \ t \ t 2 2 4 \ t \ t 9 3 \ t \t% . 1 f \ t \ t 1
t 2 0 5 \n ” , mo (4) , mt (4) , ppo (4) , ppg (4) ) ;
t 1 6 3 \n ” , mo (5) , mt (5) , ppo (5) , ppg (5) ) ;
t 1 2 7 \n ” , mo (6) , mt (6) , ppo (6) , ppg (6) ) ;
130 printf ( ” \ t 5 \ t 6 6 7 \ t \ t 1 4 1 \ t \ t 1 5 8 \ t \ t 7 5 \ t \t% . 1 f \ t \ t 1 . 8 \
t \ t 2 0 . 6 \ t \t% . 1 f \ t \ t 1 9 . 7 \ t \t% . 1 f \ t \ t \t% . 3 f \ t \ t \ t 9 5
155
\n ” , mo (7) , mt (7) , ppo (7) , ppg (7) ) ;
131
132 // T r a i l 1 :
133 m =78; // 50 API mol . wt . f o r c o n d e s a b l e s 1 3 3 3
134 vap =( ov *0.10) /78; // Mol / h r
135 printf ( ” \n\ t \ t \ t \ tMol / h r \n\ t O i l v a p o r \ t \t% . 1 f \n\tNC
g a s \ t \ t \t% . 1 f \n\ tSteam \ t \ t \tX\n\ t T o t a l \ t \ t \ t 1 8 .9+
X\n ” ,vap , mg1 ) ;
136 vap1 = vap + mg1 ; // Mol / h r
137 psteam =5.09; // p s i a , For 163 F
138 x1 =( psteam * vap1 ) /( tp - psteam ) ; // m o l s steam
139 printf ( ” \tX = %. 2 f m o l s steam \n ” , x1 ) ;
140 tv = vap1 + x1 ;
141 printf ( ” \n\ t \ t \ tMol / h r \ tmf \ tmf ∗ p t = p− p a r t i a l \n ” ) ;
142 mf1 = vap /( tv ) ;
143 ppar1 = mf1 * tp ;
144 printf ( ” \ t O i l v a p o r \t% . 1 f \t% . 3 f \t% . 2 f \n ” ,vap , mf1 ,
ppar1 ) ;
145 mf2 = mg1 / tv ;
146 ppar2 = mf2 * tp ;
147 printf ( ” \tNC g a s \ t \t% . 1 f \t% . 3 f \t% . 2 f \n ” ,mg1 , mf2 ,
ppar2 ) ;
148 mf3 = x1 / tv ;
149 ppar3 = mf3 * tp ;
150 printf ( ” \ tSteam \ t \t% . 2 f \t% . 3 f \t% . 2 f \n ” ,x1 , mf3 , ppar3 )
;
151 tot1 = vap + mg1 + x1 ;
152 tot2 = mf1 + mf2 + mf3 ;
153 tot3 = ppar1 + ppar2 + ppar3 ;
154 printf ( ” \ t T o t a l \ t \t% . 2 f \t% . 3 f \t% . 2 f \n ” , tot1 , tot2 ,
tot3 ) ;
155 // E r r o r was f o u n d . So t r a i l 2 i s done i n a s i m i l a r
way
156 printf ( ” \n\ t S i m i l a r l y , \ n\tT , F \ t O i l cond , p r c n t \
t O i l cond , l b \ tSteam cond , l b \n ” ) ;
157 printf ( ” \ t 1 7 3 \ t 7 4 \ t \ t 9 8 6 3 \ t \ t 0 \n\ t 1 6 3 \ t 8 5 \ t \ t 1 1 3 5 0 \ t
\ t 2 0 4 \n\ t 1 2 7 \ t 9 7 . 5 \ t \ t 1 3 0 0 0 \ t \ t 3 5 7 \n\ t 9 5 \ t 1 0 0 \ t \
t 1 3 3 3 0 \ t \ t 3 7 0 \n ” ) ;
156
158 // C o n d e n s i n g c u r v e
159 printf ( ” \n\ t \ t \ t O i l \ t \ t \ t \ tSteam \n\ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
n\ tTc , F \ tHv , v a p o r \ tHl , l i q u i d \ tHg o r Hv , \ tHl ,
l i q u i d \n\ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t g a s o r v a p o r \n ” ) ;
160 printf ( ” \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
n”)
161 printf ( ” \ t 3 0 5 \ t 3 6 8 \ t \ t 2 4 2 \ t \ t 1 1 9 7 . 0 \ t \ t S u p e r h e a t e d \n
\ t 2 7 7 \ t 3 5 9 \ t \ t 2 2 5 \ t \ t 1 1 8 4 . 1 \ t \ t S u p e r h e a t e d \n\ t 2 4 0
\ t 3 3 7 \ t \ t 2 0 4 \ t \ t 1 1 6 7 . 0 \ t \ t S u p e r h e a t e d \n\ t 2 0 5 \ t 3 2 2
\ t \ t 1 8 5 \ t \ t 1 1 5 0 . 6 \ t \ t S u p e r h e a t e d \n\ t 1 7 3 \ t 3 1 0 \ t \
t 1 6 8 \ t \ t 1 1 3 5 . 4 \ t \ t 1 4 0 . 9 \ n ” ) ; // From f i g . 1 1 i n
Appendix and steam t a b l e s
162 // Heat l o a d
163 // 305 F :
164 hvv =368;
165 hvg =1197.0;
166 olv = ov * hvv ;
167 stm = st * hvg ;
168 ncg = ng *(0.46*273) ;
169 thh = olv + stm + ncg ;
170 printf ( ” \n\ t \ t \ t \tH\ t \ t q \n ” ) ;
171 printf ( ” \ t O i l v a p o r \ t \t% . 2 e \n\ tSteam \ t \ t \t% . 2 e \n\tNC
g a s \ t \ t \t% . 2 e \n\ t \ t \ t \ t−−−−−−−−\n\ t \ t \ t \t% . 4 e \ t 0
\n ” ,olv , stm , ncg , thh ) ;
172 // S i m i l a r i l y a t o t h e r t e m p e r a t u r e s
173 ttp (1) =305; // F
174 ttp (2) =277; // F
175 ttp (3) =240 // F
176 ttp (4) =205; // F
177 ttp (5) =173; // F , Dew p o i n t o f steam
178 ttp (6) =163; // F
179 ttp (7) =127; // F
180 ttp (8) =95; // F
181
182 hld (1) =0; // m i l l i o n Btu
183 hld (2) =0.55; // m i l l l i o n Btu
157
184 hld (3) =1.2; // m i l l i o n Btu
185 hld (4) =1.75; // m i l l i o n Btu
186 hld (5) =2.3; // m i l l i o n Btu
187 hld (6) =2.73; // m i l l i o n Btu
188 hld (7) =3.3; // m i l l i o n Btu
189 hld (8) =3.66; // m i l l i o n Btu
190 subplot (2 ,2 ,3) ;
191 plot2d ( hld , ttp , style =6 , rect =[0 ,60 ,3.8 ,320]) ;
192 xtitle ( ” C o n d e n s a t i o n o f mixed h y d r o c a r b o n s w i t h g a s
and steam ” , boxed =1) ;
193 xlabel ( ” Heat l o a d , m i l l i o n Btu ” ) ;
195 // summary
196 dp =3042800; // Btu / h r
197 ttt =3638400; // Btu / h r
198 i2s = thh - dp ; // Btu / h r
199 printf ( ” \ t I n l e t t o steam dew p o i n t = %. 4 eBtu / h r \n ” ,
i2s ) ;
200 so = dp -1735900; // Btu / h r
201 printf ( ” \ tSteam dew p o i n t t o o u t l e t = %. 4 e Btu / h r \n ”
, so ) ;
202 totl = i2s + so ; // Btu / h r
203 printf ( ” \ t T o t a l \ t \ t \ t= %. 4 e Btu / h r \n ” , totl ) ;
204 twa = ttt /(120 -85) ;
205 printf ( ” \ t T o t a l w a t e r = %. 2 e l b / h r \n ” , twa ) ;
206 wt =85+((1306900/ ttt ) *35) ; // F
207 printf ( ” \ tWater t e m p e r a t u r e a t dew p o i n t o f steam =
%. 0 f F \n ” , wt ) ;
208 // Weighted t r u e t e m p e r a t u r e d i f f e r e n c e , d e l T :
209 // I n l e t t o dew p o i n t o f steam :
210 delq =2331500;
211 delt1 =122.2;
212 UA1 = delq / delt1 ;
213 printf ( ” \tUA = %. 0 f \n ” , UA1 ) ;
214 printf ( ” \n\tDew p o i n t o f steam t o o u l e t \n ” ) ;
215 printf ( ” \ t q \ t d e l q \ tTc \ ttw \ t d e l T a v \ t ( d e l q / d e l T a v ) =
UA\n ” ) ;
216 printf ( ” \ t
158
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−\
n”);
217 q (1) =2331500;
218 q (2) =2500000;
219 q (3) =2750000;
220 q (4) =3000000;
221 q (5) =3250000;
222 q (6) =3500000;
223 q (7) =3638000;
224 i =1;
225 while (i <7)
226 dq ( i ) = q ( i +1) -q ( i ) ;
227 i = i +1;
228 end
229 dpt (1) =173;
230 dpt (2) =169;
231 dpt (3) =161;
232 dpt (4) =149;
233 dpt (5) =134;
234 dpt (6) =112;
235 dpt (7) =95;
236 dtw (1) =97.5;
237 dtw (2) =96;
238 dtw (3) =93;
239 dtw (4) =91;
240 dtw (5) =89;
241 dtw (6) =86;
242 dtw (7) =85;
243 i =1;
244 tua =0;
245 while (i <7)
246 dpdelt ( i ) =(( dpt ( i +1) - dtw ( i +1) ) +( dpt ( i ) - dtw ( i ) ) )
/2;
247 UA ( i ) = dq ( i ) / dpdelt ( i ) ;
248 tua = tua + UA ( i ) ;
249 i = i +1;
250 end
251 printf ( ” \ t 2 3 3 1 5 0 0 \ t . . . . . . \ t 1 7 3 \ t 1 7 3 \ t 9 7 . 5 \ n ” ) ;
159
252 i =1;
253 while (i <7)
254 printf ( ” \ t ” + string ( q ( i +1) ) + ” \ t ” + string ( dq ( i ) ) + ” \
t ” + string ( dpt ( i +1) ) + ” \ t ” + string ( dtw ( i +1) ) + ” \ t
” + string ( dpdelt ( i ) ) + ” \t% . 0 f \n ” , UA ( i ) ) ; // from
Fig . 13.16
255 i = i +1;
256 end
257
258 printf ( ” \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \t% . 0 f \tUA = s i g m a { d e l q / d e l t }\ n ” ,
tua ) ;
259 wdt =1306900/ tua ; // F
260 printf ( ” \ t W e i g h t e d d e l t = %. 1 f F \n ” , wdt ) ;
261 owdt = ttt /( tua + UA1 ) ; // F
262 printf ( ” \ t O v e r a l l w e i g h t e d t e m p e r a t u r e d i f f e r e n c e =
%. 1 f F \n ” , owdt ) ;
263 printf ( ” \ tThe u n c o r r e c t e d LMTD i s 6 0 . 1 F \n ” ) ;
264 // end
265
266
267 printf ( ” \ t e x a m p l e 1 3 . 6 b \n ” ) ;
book \n ” ) ;
269
270 // EXCHANGER
271 // S h e l l s i d e
272 Id = 27; // i n c h e s
273 Bs = 16; // i n c h e s
274 Ps = 1; // p a s s e s
275
276 // Tube s i d e
277 N = 286; // number
278 l = 12; // i n c h e s
279 Od = 1; // i n c h
280 BWG = 14; // bWG
281 Ptc = 1.25; // i n c h e s
282 Ps1 = 8; // p a s s e s
283
160
284 // C l e s a n s u r f a c e r e q u i r e m e n t s
285
286 // Head l o a d i n l e t t o dew p o i n t o f steam
287 st = 2331500; // Btu / h r
288 delT = 122.2 // F
289 hio = 700; // Btu / ( ( h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) ( F ) ) f o r w a t e r
290
291 // From t a b l e 1 3 . 4 a t i n l e t
292 NC = 1.8; //NC gas , mol / h r
293 sm = 20.6; // steam , mol / h r
294 tt = NC + sm ; // mol / h r
295 printf ( ” \tNC g a s + steam i s %. 1 f mol / h r \n ” , tt ) ;
296 pN = tt /129.9; // mol / h r
297 printf ( ” \ t p e r c e n t a g e NC g a s i s %. 4 f \n ” , pN ) ;
298
299 // From F i g 1 3 . 1 7
300 hn = 205; // Btu / ( ( h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) ( F ) )
301 // At dew p o i n t o f steam
302 No =40.75; // Mol / h r
303 t1 = tt + No ; // Mol / hr , t o t a l
304 pN1 = tt / t1 ; // Mol / hr , %NC
305 printf ( ” \ t p e r c e n t a g e NC i s %. 3 f \n ” , pN1 ) ;
306
307 // From f i g 1 3 . 7
308 hn1 = 140; // Btu / ( ( h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) ( F ) )
309 lm = 136.5; // Btu / ( ( h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) ( F ) )
310 delT = 122.2; // F
311 Ac1 = st /( lm * delT ) ; // f t ˆ2
312 printf ( ” \ tAc1 = Q/ (U ∗ d e l T ) i s %. 1 f f t ˆ2\ n ” , Ac1 ) ;
313
314 // At dew p o i n t o f steam t o o u l e t
315 sm1 = 20.64; // Mol / h r , Steam
316 t2 = NC + sm1 ; // t o t a l , Mol / h r
317 printf ( ” \tNC g a s + steam i s %. 1 f mol / h r \n ” , t2 ) ;
318 pN1 = NC / t2 ; // % NC g a s
319 printf ( ” \ t p e r c e n t a g e NC g a s i s %. 3 f \n ” , pN1 ) ;
320
321 Uc = 212; // From F i g 1 3 . 1 7 , w e i g h t e d f o r o i l and
161
steam
322
323 // At o u t l e t , steam = n e g l i g i b l e
324
325 Uc = 15; // From F i g 1 3 . 1 7
326
327 // Log mean o v e r a l l c o e f f i c i e n t
328 lm = 74.5; // Btu / ( ( h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) ( F ) ) , From F i g 1 3 . 1 7
329 delT = 44.8; // F
330 Ac2 = 1306900/( lm * delT ) ;
331 printf ( ” \ tAc2 i s %. 0 f f t ˆ2\ n ” , Ac2 ) ;
332
333 hl = 770000; // Btu / h r
334 printf ( ” \ t H e a t o f L i q u i d ( 5 0 A P I ) i s %. 1 e f \n ” , hl ) ;
335 wr = ( hl /3638400) *35; // F
336 printf ( ” \ tWater r i s e = %. 1 f F \n ” , wr ) ;
337
338 LMTD = 66.3; // F
339 U1 =50 // f o r f r e e c o n v e c t i o n
340 As = hl /( U1 * LMTD ) ; // f t ˆ2
341 printf ( ” \ tAs = %. 1 f f t ˆ2\ n ” , As ) ;
342 Ac = Ac1 + Ac2 + As ; // f t ˆ2
343 printf ( ” \ t T o t a l c l e a n s u r f a c e %. 0 f f t ˆ2\ n ” , Ac ) ;
344
345 Uc = 3638400/( Ac * 75.5) ; // Btu / ( ( h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) ( F ) )
346 printf ( ” \ t C l e a n o v e r a l l c o e f f i c i e n t Uc = %. 1 f Btu / ( (
h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) ( F ) ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
347
348 x = 0.2618; // f t , from t a b l e 10
349 A = N * l * x ; // f t ˆ2
350 Ud = 3638400/( A * 75.5) ;
351 printf ( ” \ t D e s i g n c o e f f i c i e n t Ud i s %. 1 f \n ” , Ud ) ;
352 Rd =( Uc - Ud ) /( Uc * Ud ) ; // ( ( h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) ( F ) ) / Btu
353 printf ( ” \ t D i r t f a c t o r Rd i s %. 4 f ( ( h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) ( F ) ) /
Btu \n ” , Rd ) ;
354
355 yo = ( As / Ac ) * A ; // f t ˆ2
356 printf ( ” \ tSubmerge = %. 0 f f t ˆ2 o f s u r f a c e \n ” , yo ) ;
162
357 // end
163
Chapter 14
Evopartion
Scilab code Exa 14.1 Calculation of Evaporator Surface
book \n ” ) ;
3
4 t1 = 300; // F
5 t2 = 226; // F
6 bs = 700; // Btu / ( ( h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) ( F ) )
7 // Heat B a l a n c e
8 Qv = 10000 * 961; // Btu / h r
9 printf ( ” \ tQevap i s %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” , Qv ) ;
10 Q3 = 10550 * 910; // Btu / h r
11 printf ( ” \ t Q 3 0 0 F i s %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” , Q3 ) ;
12
13 delT = t1 - t2 ; // F
14 printf ( ” \ t T e m p e r a t u r e head = %. 0 f F \n ” , delT ) ;
15 Ud = bs * 0.865;
16 printf ( ” \ t O v e r a l l c o e f f i c i e n t %. 0 f \n ” , Ud ) ;
17 A = Qv /( Ud * delT ) ; // f t ˆ2
18 printf ( ” \ t S u r f a c e r e q u i r e d i s %. 0 f f t ˆ2\ n ” ,A ) ; //
Wrong c a l c u l a t i o n i n book
19 // end
164
Scilab code Exa 14.2 Calculation of a Triple effect Forward feed Evapo-
rator
book \n ” ) ;
3
4 wf = 50000; // l b / h r
5 sf = wf * 0.10; // l b / h r
6 tp = sf /0.50; // l b / h r
7 printf ( ” \ t T o t a l p r o d u c t i s %. 0 f l b / h r \n ” , tp ) ;
8 te = wf - tp ;
9 printf ( ” \ t T o t a l e v a p o r a t i o n i s %. 0 f l b / h r \n ” , te ) ;
10 cf = 1.0;
11 tF = 100; // F
12 T1 = 244; // F
13 T2 = 125; // F
14 U1 =600; // Btu / ( ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ))
15 U2 =250; // Btu / ( ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ))
16 U3 =125; // Btu / ( ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ))
17
18 T = T1 - T2 ;
19 printf ( ” \ t T o t a l t e m p e r a t u r e d i f f e r e n c e i s delT% . 0 f
F \n ” ,T ) ;
20 df = (26.70 - 1.95) /3; // p s i / e f f e c t
21 printf ( ” \ t A v e r a g e p r e s s u r e d i f f e r e n c e i s delP% . 2 f
p s i / e f f e c t \n ” , df ) ;
22
23 printf ( ” \n\ t \ t \ t \ t \ t P r e s s u r e , p s i a \ t \ t delP , p s i \ t
Steam o r vapor , F \ t lambda , Btu / l b \n\ tSteam
c h e s t , 1 s t e f f e c t \ t 2 6 . 7 0 \ t \ t \ t . . . . \ t \ t Ts =
244 \ t \ t l s = 949 \n\ tSteam c h e s t , 2 nd e f f e c t \ t
1 8 . 4 5 \ t \ t \ t 8 . 2 5 \ t \ t t 1 = 224 \ t \ t l 1 = 961 \n\
tSteam c h e s t , 3 r d e f f e c t \ t 1 0 . 2 0 ( 2 0 . 7 i n . Hg ) \ t
165
8 . 2 5 \ t \ t t 2 = 194 \ t \ t l 1 = 981 \n\ tVapor t o
c o n d e n s e r \ t \ t 1 . 9 5 ( 2 6 i n . Hg ) \ t 8 . 2 5 \ t \ t t 2 =
125 \ t \ t l 1 = 1 0 2 2 \n ” ) ;
24
25 printf ( ” \ t 9 4 9 ∗Ws + 5 0 0 0 0 ∗ ( 1 0 0 − 2 2 4 ) = 961 ∗ w1\n\ t 9 6 1 ∗
w1 + ( 5 0 0 0 0 − w1 ) ∗(224 −194) = 981 ∗ w2\n\ t 9 8 1 ∗w2
+ (50000 −w1−w2 ) (194 −125) = 1 0 2 2 ∗ w2\n\ tw1+w2+w3
= 40000\ n”);
26 printf ( ” \ t S o l v i n g s i m u l t a n e o u s l y \n ” ) ;
27 w1 =12400;
28 printf ( ” \ tw1 = %. 2 e \n ” , w1 ) ;
29 w2 =13300;
30 printf ( ” \ tw2 = %. 2 e \n ” , w2 ) ;
31 w3 =14300;
32 printf ( ” \ tw3 = %. 2 e \n ” , w3 ) ;
33
34 Wt = w1 + w2 + w3 ;
35 printf ( ” \tW1−3 i s %. 0 e \n ” , Wt ) ;
36 Ws = 19100;
37 lms = 949;
38 lm1 = 961;
39 lm2 = 981;
40 lm3 = 1022;
41 Ts = 244;
42 t1 = 224;
43 t2 = 194;
44 t3 = 125;
45
46 A1 = ( Ws * lms ) /( U1 *( Ts - t1 ) ) ; // f t ˆ2
47 printf ( ” \ tA1 i s %. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , A1 ) ;
48 A2 = ( w1 * lm1 ) /( U2 *( t1 - t2 ) ) ; // f t ˆ2
50 A3 = ( w2 * lm2 ) /( U3 *( t2 - t3 ) ) ; // f t ˆ2
52
53 hc = w3 * lm3 ; // Btu / hr , WRONG CALCULATION IN TEXT
BOOK
54 printf ( ” \ t H e a t t o c o n d e n s e r i s %. 3 e Btu / h r \n ” , hc ) ;
166
55 wr = hc /(120 -85) ; // l b / h r
56 printf ( ” \ tWater r e q u i r e m e n t i s %. 1 e l b / h r \n ” , wr ) ;
57 wr1 = wr /500;
58 printf ( ” \ t= %. 0 f gpm \n ” , wr1 ) ;
59 // end
Scilab code Exa 14.3 Backward feed Multiple effect Evaporator
book \n ” ) ;
3 // Same c o n d i t i o n s a s e x a m p l e 1 4 . 2
4 U1 = 400; // Btu / ( ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) )
5 U2 = 250; // Btu / ( ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) )
6 U3 = 175; // Btu / ( ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) )
7
8 w1 = 50000; // l b / h r From e x a m p l e 1 4 . 2
9 wt = 40000; // l b / h r From e x a m p l e 1 4 . 2
10 cf = 1; // From e x a m p l e 1 4 . 2
11
12 printf ( ” \ t 9 8 1 ∗w2 + 5 0 0 0 0 ∗ ( 1 0 0 − 1 2 5 ) = 1 0 2 2 ∗ w3\n\ t 9 6 1 ∗
w1 + ( 5 0 0 0 0 − w3 ) ∗(125 −194) = 981 ∗ w2\n\ t 9 4 9 ∗Ws
+ (50000 −w3−w2 ) (194 −224) = 961 ∗ w1\n\ tw1+w2+w3 =
40000\ n”);
13 printf ( ” \ t S o l v i n g s i m u l t a n e o u s l y \n ” ) ;
14 w1 = 15950;
15 w2 = 12900;
16 w3 = 11150;
17 lms = 949;
18 lm1 = 961;
19 lm2 = 981;
20 lm3 = 1022;
21
22 wt = w1 + w2 + w3 ;
23 printf ( ” \ tw1−3 = %. 0 f \n ” , wt ) ;
167
24 Ws = 16950;
25 A1 = ( Ws * lms ) /( U1 *20) ; // f t ˆ2
26 printf ( ” \ tA1 i s %. 0 f f t ˆ2\ n ” , A1 ) ;
27 A2 = ( w1 * lm1 ) /( U2 *30) ; // f t ˆ2
29 A3 = ( w2 * lm2 ) /( U3 *69) ; // f t ˆ2
31
32 Avs = ( A1 + A2 + A3 ) /3; // f t ˆ2
33 printf ( ” \ t A v e r a g e s u r f a c e i s %. 0 f f t ˆ2\ n ” , Avs ) ;
34 Av1 = 3 * Avs ; // f t ˆ2
35 printf ( ” \n\ tWith a b e t t e r d i s t r i b u t i o n t e m p e r a t u r e s
and p r e s s u r e , A v e r a g e s u r f a c e i s %. 0 f f t ˆ2\ n ” ,
Av1 ) ;
36 printf ( ” \ t R e c a l c u l a t i o n \n ” ) ;
37 Av2 = 1500; // f t ˆ 2 , assume
38 dT1 = 28; // F
39 A4 = (20/ dT1 ) * A1 ; // f t ˆ2
41 dT2 = 41; // F
42 A5 = (30/ dT2 ) * A2 ; // f t ˆ2
44 dT3 = 50; // F
45 A6 = (69/50) * A3 ; // f t ˆ2
47 del1 = 119; // F
48 printf ( ” \ tTs−t 3 i s %. 0 f F \n ” , del1 ) ;
49 printf ( ” \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t P r e s s u r e , p s i a \ t \ t Steam o r vapor ,
F \ t lambda , Btu / l b \n\ tSteam c h e s t , 1 s t e f f e c t
\ t 2 6 . 7 0 \ t \ t \ tTs = 244 \ t \ t 949 \n\ tSteam c h e s t
, 2 nd e f f e c t \ t 1 6 . 0 \ t \ t \ t t 1 = 216 \ t \ t 968 \n\
tSteam c h e s t , 3 r d e f f e c t \ t 1 6 . 4 i n . Hg ) \ t \ t t 2
= 175 \ t \ t 992 \n\ tVapor t o c o n d e n s e r \ t \ t 26 i n .
Hg \ t \ t t 3 = 125 \ t \ t l 1 = 1 0 2 2 \n ” ) ;
50
51 w1 = 15450; // S o l v i n g a g a i n f o r
52 printf ( ” \ tw1 i s %. 0 f \n ” , w1 ) ;
53 w2 = 13200;
168
54 printf ( ” \ tw2 i s %. 0 f \n ” , w2 ) ;
55 w3 = 11350;
56 printf ( ” \ tw3 i s %. 0 f \n ” , w3 ) ;
57 Ws = 16850;
58 printf ( ” \tWs i s %. 0 f \n ” , Ws ) ;
59 Hc = w3 * 1022;
60 printf ( ” \ t H e a t t o c o n d e n s e r i s %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” , Hc ) ;
61 wr = Hc /(120 -85) ; // l b / h r
62 printf ( ” \ tWater r e q u i r e m e n t %. 2 e l b / h r \n ” , wr ) ;
63 wr1 = wr /500;
64 printf ( ” \ t \ t \ t= %. 0 fgpm \n ” , wr1 ) ;
65 ec = wt / Ws ;
66 printf ( ” \ tEconomy , l b e v a p o r a t i o n / l b steam %. 2 f \n ” ,
ec ) ;
67
68 // c o m p a r i s i o n o f f o r w a r d and backward f e e d
69 printf ( ” \ t \ t \ t \ t F o r w a r d \ t \ tBackward \n\ t T o t a l steam ,
l b / h r \ t 1 9 1 0 0 \ t \ t 1 6 8 5 0 \n\ t C o o l i n g water , gpm\ t 8 4 0 \
t \ t 6 6 4 \n\ t T o t a l s u r f a c e , f t ˆ2\ t 4 8 0 0 \ t \ t 4 5 0 0 ” ) ;
Scilab code Exa 14.4 evoparator installer
book \n ” ) ;
3 // Assumed t h a t 3 7 5 0 0 l b / h r o f 15 p s i g v a p o r i s b l e d
from t h e f i r s t e f f e c t f o r u s e i n thevaccum p a n s
4 printf ( ” \n\tAVERAGE EVAPORATION PER SQUARE FOOT
HEATING SURFACE FOR SUGAR EVAPORATORS\n ” ) ;
5 printf ( ” \ t E f f e c t s \ t \ tWater e v a p o r a t e d ( l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 )
) \n ” ) ;
6 printf ( ” \ t 1 \ t \ t14 −16\n\ t 2 \ t \ t6 −8\n\ t 3 \ t \ t5 −6\n\ t 4 \ t \
t4 −5\n\ t 5 \ t \ t3 −4\n ” ) ;
7 printf ( ” \n\tEVAPORATOR SUMMARY\n ” ) ;
8 printf ( ” \ t
169
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
n”);
9 printf ( ” \ t I t e m \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t E f f e c t s \ n t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
n\ t \ t \ t \ t \ t1A \ t \ t1B \ t \ t 2 \ t \ t 3 \ t \ t 4 \ t \ t 5 \n ” ) ;
10 printf ( ” \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
n”);
11 printf ( ” \ t 1 . Steam f l o w , l b / h r \ t \ t 4 2 6 0 0 \ t \ t 3 8 0 0 0 \n\
t 2 . Steam p r e s s u r e , p s i / i n . Hg\ t 3 0 \ t \ t 3 0 \ t \ t 1 5 \ t \ t 5
\ t \ t4 \ t \ t14 . 5 \ n”);
12 printf ( ” \ t 3 . Steam temp , F \ t \ t \ t 2 7 4 \ t \ t 2 7 4 \ t \ t 2 5 0 \ t \
t 2 2 7 \ t \ t 2 0 5 \ t \ t 1 8 1 \n ” ) ;
13 printf ( ” \ t 4 . delT , F \ t \ t \ t 2 3 \ t \ t 2 3 \ t \ t 2 1 \ t \ t 2 0 \ t \ t 2 0
\ t \ t 2 7 \n\ t 5 . L i q u o r temp , F \ t \ t251 \ t \ t251 \ t \ t229
\ t \ t 2 0 7 \ t \ t 1 8 5 \ t \ t 1 6 4 \n\ t 6 . BPR, F \ t \ t \ t1 \ t \ t1 \ t
\ t 2 \ t \ t 2 \ t \ t 4 \ t \ t 7 \n\ t 7 . Vapor temp , F \ t \ t250 \ t \
t 2 5 0 \ t \ t 2 2 7 \ t \ t 2 0 5 \ t \ t 1 8 1 \ t \ t 1 4 7 \n\ t 8 . Vapor
p r e s s u r e , p i s / i n . Hg\ t 1 5 \ t \ t 1 5 \ t \ t 5 \ t \ t 4 \ t \ t 1 4 . 5 \ t
\ t 2 3 \n\ t 9 . Lambda , Btu / l b \ t \ t 9 4 6 \ t \ t 9 4 6 \ t \ t 9 6 0 \ t \
t 9 7 5 \ t \ t 9 9 0 \ t \ t 1 0 1 0 \n\ t 1 0 . L i q u o r i n , l b / h r \ t \
t229000 \ t \ t190200 \ t \ t154000 \ t \ t117100 \ t \ t87800 \ t \
t 6 4 0 0 0 \n\ t 1 1 . L i q o u r out , l b / h r \ t \ t 1 9 0 2 0 0 \ t \
t 1 5 4 0 0 0 \ t \ t 1 1 7 1 0 0 \ t \ t 8 7 8 0 0 \ t \ t 6 4 0 0 0 \ t \ t 4 9 6 0 0 \n\
t12 . Evaporation , l b / hr \ t \ t38800 \ t \ t36200 \ t \ t36900 \
t \ t 2 9 3 0 0 \ t \ t 2 3 8 0 0 \ t \ t 1 4 4 0 0 \n\ t 1 3 . B r i x ( o u t ) \ t \ t \
t 1 5 . 7 \ t \ t 1 9 . 4 \ t \ t 2 5 . 5 \ t \ t 3 4 . 4 \ t \ t 4 6 . 5 \ t \ t 5 0 . 0 \ n\
t 1 4 . A, f t ˆ2\ t \ t \ t 3 5 0 0 \ t \ t 3 5 0 0 \ t \ t 5 0 0 0 \ t \ t 5 0 0 0 \ t \
t 5 0 0 0 \ t \ t 3 5 0 0 \n\ t 1 5 . UD, Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \ t 4 7 8
\ t \ t 4 2 5 \ t \ t 3 1 0 \ t \ t 2 6 4 \ t \ t 2 1 9 \ t \ t 1 3 8 \n\ t 1 6 .UD delT
, Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) \ t 1 1 0 0 0 \ t \ t 9 7 8 0 \ t \ t 6 5 2 0 \ t \ t 5 2 7 0 \ t
\ t 4 3 9 0 \ t \ t 3 7 4 0 \n ” ) ; //BPR v a l u e s from f i g 1 4 . 3 4 a
14 // S a t u r a t e v a p o r p r e s s u r e a b o v e t h e l i q u o u r
d e t e r m i n e d from T a b l e 7
15 // S a t u r a t e d steam p r e s s u r e i n t h e f o l l o w i n g e f f e c t
d e t e r m i n e d from T a b l e 7
16
17 t1 = 274; // F
170
18 t2 = 147; // F
19 t = t1 - t2 ; // F
20 printf ( ” \ t T o t a l t e m p e r a t u r e d i f f e r e n c e in the
e v a p o r a t o r s y s t e m = %. 0 f F \n ” ,t ) ;
21 bpr1 = 1; // F
22 bpr2 = 2; // F
23 bpr3 = 2; // F
24 bpr4 = 4; // F
25 bpr5 = 7; // F
26 bpr = bpr1 + bpr2 + bpr3 + bpr4 + bpr5 ; // F
27 printf ( ” \ tThe sum o f a l l t h e BPR( from e f f e c t 1B t o
the f i f t h effect i n c l u s i v e ) = %. 0 f F \n ” , bpr ) ;
28 tf = t - bpr ; // F
29 printf ( ” \ t T o t a l EFFECTIVE temperature d i f f e r e n c e =
%. 0 f F \n ” , tf ) ;
30 lbh = 229000; // l b / h r
31 tp1 =212; // F
32 tp2 =184; // F
33 tp3 =144; // F
34 tp4 =82; // F
35 tj1 =243; // F
36 tj2 =220; // F
37 tj3 =200; // F
38 Ud1 =231;
39 Ud2 =243;
40 Ud3 =230;
41 Ud4 =214;
42 Ud5 =217;
43 printf ( ” \n\ t \ t \ t \tSUGAR−JUICE HEATERS\n ” ) ;
44 printf ( ” \tRaw− j u i c e h e a t e r s \ t \ t \ t \ t C l e a r= j u i c e
h e a t e r s \n\ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
n”);
45 rj1 = lbh *( tp1 - tp2 ) *(0.91) ; // Btu / h r
46 printf ( ” \ t 1 .%. 0 f (%. 0 f −%. 0 f ) ( 0 . 9 1 ) = %. 2 e Btu / h r ” ,lbh
, tp1 , tp2 , rj1 ) ;
47 rj2 = lbh *( tj1 - tj2 ) *(0.91) ; // Btu / h r
48 printf ( ” \ t 1 .%. 0 f (%. 0 f −%. 0 f ) ( 0 . 9 1 ) = %. 1 e Btu / h r \n ” ,
171
lbh , tj1 , tj2 , rj2 ) ;
49 printf ( ” \ tVapor temp . = 227 F \ t d e l T =26.6 F \ t \
tVapor temp . = 250 F \ t d e l T =15.8 F \n ” ) ;
50 printf ( ” \tUD=%. 0 f \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \tUD=%. 0 f \n ” ,Ud1 , Ud2 ) ;
51 A1 = rj1 /(26.6* Ud1 ) ; // f t ˆ2
52 A2 = rj2 /(15.8* Ud2 ) ; // f t ˆ2
53 printf ( ” \ t S u r f a c e , A=%. 0 f f t ˆ2\ t \ t \ t \ t S u r f a c e , A=%. 0 f
f t ˆ2\ n\n ” ,A1 , A2 ) ;
54
55 rj3 = lbh *( tp2 - tp3 ) *(0.90) ; // Btu / h r
, tp2 , tp3 , rj3 ) ;
57 rj4 = lbh *( tj2 - tj3 ) *(0.90) ; // Btu / h r
58 printf ( ” \ t 2 .%. 0 f (%. 0 f −%. 0 f ) ( 0 . 9 1 ) = %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” ,
lbh , tj2 , tj3 , rj4 ) ;
59 printf ( ” \ tVapor temp . = 205 F \ t d e l T =37.6 F \ t \
tVapor temp . = 227 F \ t d e l T =14.8 F \n ” ) ;
60 printf ( ” \tUD=%. 0 f \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \tUD=%. 0 f \n ” ,Ud3 , Ud4 ) ;
61 A3 = rj3 /(37.6* Ud3 ) ; // f t ˆ2
62 A4 = rj4 /(14.8* Ud4 ) ; // f t ˆ2
63 printf ( ” \ t S u r f a c e , A=%. 0 f f t ˆ2\ t \ t \ t \ t S u r f a c e , A=%. 0 f
f t ˆ2\ n\n ” ,A3 , A4 ) ;
64
65 rj5 = lbh *( tp3 - tp4 ) *(0.90) ; // Btu / h r
, tp3 , tp4 , rj4 ) ;
67 printf ( ” \ t ( Use 2 h e a t e r s a t 1 3 0 0 f t ˆ2 e a c h p l u s 1\ n\
t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t h e a t e r a t 1 3 0 0 f t ˆ2 a s s p a r e ) \n ” ) ;
68 A5 = rj5 /(62.2* Ud5 ) ; // f t ˆ2
69 printf ( ” \ tVapor temp . = 181 F \ t d e l T =62.2 F \n\
t S u r f a c e , A=%. 0 f \n ” , A5 ) ;
70 printf ( ” \ t ( Use 3 h e a t e r s a t 100 f t ˆ2\ n\ t e a c h p l u s 1
h e a t e r a s s p a r e ) \n\n ” ) ;
71
72 v1 =42600; // l b / h r
73 tt1 =251; // F
74 printf ( ” \ t \ t \ t \tHEAT BALANCE\n ” ) ;
75 printf ( ” \ t E f f e c t \ t \ t \ tBtu / h r \ t \ t E v a p o r a t i o n , l / h r \n ” )
172
;
76 printf ( ” \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−\
n”);
77 hia = v1 *929*0.97; // Btu / h r
78 printf ( ” \ t1A . Heat i n steam . . . . . . . . %. 2 e \n ” , hia ) ;
79 hla = lbh *( tt1 - tj1 ) *0.91; // Btu / h r
80 hh = hia - hla ; // Btu / h r
81 lb1 =946; // Btu / l b
82 dif = hh / lb1 ; // l b / h r
83 printf ( ” \ t H e a t i n g l i q u o r . . . . . . . %. 2 e \n\ t \ t \ t \t% . 3 e
\t% . 0 f \n ” ,hla , hh , dif ) ;
84 ltob = lbh - dif ; // l b / h r
85 printf ( ” \ t L i q o u r t o 1B\n\ t = %. 0 f l b / h r \n ” , ltob
);
86 hia1 = dif *929*0.97; // Btu / h r
87 printf ( ” \ t1B . Heat i n steam . . . . . . . . %. 2 e \n ” , hia1 ) ;
88 hla1 = ltob *( tt1 - tt1 ) *0.91; // Btu / h r
89 hh1 = hia1 ; // Btu / h r
90 dif1 = hh1 / lb1 ; // l b / h r
91 printf ( ” \ t H e a t i n g l i q u o r . . . . . . . . %. 0 f \n\ t \ t \ t \t% . 3
e \t% . 0 f \n ” , hla1 , hh1 , dif1 ) ;
92 dif2 = ltob - dif1 ; // l b / h r
93 printf ( ” \ t L i q o u r t o 2 d \n\ t e f f e c t =%. 0 f l b / h r \n
” , dif2 ) ;
94 // S i m i l a r i l y t h e v a l u e s i n t h e t a b l e a r e c a l c u l a t e d
95
96 printf ( ” \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ tLb / h r \n ” ) ;
97 aa =179400; // l b / h r
98 bb =145500; // l b / h r
99 cc =19700; // l b / h r
100 dd =30600; // l b / h r
101 ee =17900; // l b / h r
102 ff =13100; // l b / h r
103 tto = aa + bb + cc + dd + ee + ff ; // l b / h r
104 printf ( ” \ t ( a ) A c t u a l e v a p o r a t i o n
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %. 0 f \n ” , aa ) ;
105 printf ( ” \ t ( b ) E q u i v a l e n t e v a p o r a t i o n from v a p o r s o f
173
\n\ t 1 s t e f f e c t u s e d f o r vaccum p a n s
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %. 0 f \n ” , bb ) ;
106 printf ( ” \ t ( c ) E q u i v a l e n t e v a p o r a t i o n from 1 s t e f f e c t
\n\ t vapors used f o r c l a r i f i e d −j u i c e h e a t e r s
. . . . . . . . . . . . . %. 0 f \n ” , cc ) ;
107 printf ( ” \ t ( d ) E q u i v a l e n t e v a p o r a t i o n from 2 d e f f e c t
\n\ t v a p o r s u s e d f o r c l a r i f i e d −and raw− j u i c e
h e a t e r s . . . . . %. 0 f \n ” , dd ) ;
108 printf ( ” \ t ( e ) E q u i v a l e n t e v a p o r a t i o n from 3d e f f e c t
\n\ t v a p o r s u s e d f o r raw− j u i c e h e a t e r s
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %. 0 f \n ” , ee )
109 printf ( ” \ t ( f ) E q u i v a l e n t e v a p o r a t i o n from 4 t h e f f e c t
\n\ t v a p o r s u s e d f o r raw− j u i c e h e a t e r s
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %. 0 f \n ” , ff ) ;
110 printf ( ” \ t
−−−−−\n ” )
111 printf ( ” \ t Extrapolated evaporation
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %. 0 f \n ” , tto ) ;
112 esq = tto /5; // l b / h r
113 printf ( ” \ t \ t E s t i m a t e d steam q u a n t i t y = %. 0 f l b / h r \n ”
, esq ) ;
114 aesq =80600; // l b / h r
115 err = esq - aesq ; // l b / h r
116 printf ( ” \ t \ t A c t u a l steam r e q u i r e d from f i n a l h e a t
b a l a n c e = %. 0 f l b / h r \n ” , aesq ) ;
117 printf ( ” \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t E r r o r = %. 0 f l b / h r \n ” , err ) ;
118 ta =15;
119 Q =14575000; // Btu / h r T o t a l h o u r l y e v a p o r a t i o n
120 Gpm = Q /(500*( t2 - tp4 - ta ) ) ; // From e q u a t i o n 1 4 . 4
121 printf ( ” \ t G a l l o n s p e r m i n u t e o f Water r e q u i r e d = %. 0
f gpm” , Gpm ) ;
Scilab code Exa 14.5 unit calculation
174
1 printf ( ” \ t e x a m p l e 1 4 . 5 \ n ” ) ;
book \n ” ) ;
3 st1 =280; // F
4 vt6 =125; // F
5 odT = st1 - vt6 ; // F
6 printf ( ” \ t O v e r a l l t e m p e r a t u r e d i f f e r e n c e = %. 0 f F\
n ” , odT ) ; // c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o 35 p s i g and 26 i n . Hg
7 bpr (1) =10; // F
8 bpr (2) =8; // F
9 bpr (3) =7; // F
10 bpr (4) =6; // F
11 bpr (5) =5; // F
12 bpr (6) =5; // F
13 i =1;
14 tbpr =0;
15 while (i <7)
16 tbpr = tbpr + bpr ( i ) ;
17 i = i +1;
18 end
19 printf ( ” \ tThe e s t i m a t e d t o t a l BPR = %. 0 f F \n ” , tbpr
) ; // from f i g . 1 4 . 3 6 a
20 edT = odT - tbpr ;
21 printf ( ” \ t E f f e c t i v e t e m p e r a t u r e d i f f e r e n c e = %. 0 f
F \n ” , edT ) ;
22 printf ( ” \n\ t \ t \ t \tEVAPORATOR SUMMARY\n\ t A l l b o d i e s
w i l l c o n s i s t o f 300 2 i n . OD, 10 BWG t u b e s 24
l o n g \n ” ) ;
23 printf ( ” \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
n”);
24 printf ( ” \ t I t e m \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t E f f e c t s \n\ t \ t \ t \ t \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
n\ t \ t \ t \ t \ t1A \ t \ t1B \ t \ t 2 \ t \ t 3 \ t \ t 4 \ t \ t 5 \n ” ) ;
25 printf ( ” \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
n”);
26 printf ( ” \ t 1 . Steam f l o w , l b / h r \ t \ t 2 0 0 0 0 \n\ t 2 . Steam
175
p r e s s u r e , p s i / i n . Hg\ t 3 5 \ t \ t 1 4 . 5 \ t \ t 4 \ t \ t 7 \ t \ t 1 6
. 5 \ t \ t 2 2 \n\ t 3 . Steam temp , F \ t \ t \ t 2 8 0 \ t \ t 2 4 9 \ t \
t 2 2 4 \ t \ t 1 9 9 \ t \ t 1 7 4 \ t \ t 1 5 1 \n\ t 4 . delT , F \ t \ t \ t 2 1 \ t
\ t 1 7 \ t \ t 1 8 \ t \ t 1 9 \ t \ t 1 8 \ t \ t 2 1 \n\ t 5 . L i q u o r temp ,
F \ t \ t 2 5 9 \ t \ t 2 3 2 \ t \ t 2 0 6 \ t \ t 1 8 0 \ t \ t 1 5 6 \ t \ t 1 3 0 \n\
t 6 . BPR, F \ t \ t \ t 1 0 \ t \ t 8 \ t \ t 7 \ t \ t 6 \ t \ t 5 \ t \ t 5 \n\ t 7
. Vapor temp , F \ t \ t259 \ t \ t232 \ t \ t206 \ t \ t180 \ t \
t 1 5 6 \ t \ t 1 3 0 \n\ t 8 . Vapor p r e s s u r e , p i s / i n . Hg\ t 1 4 . 5 \
t \ t 4 \ t \ t 7 \ t \ t 6 \ t \ t 5 \ t \ t 5 \n\ t 9 . Lambda , Btu / l b \ t \
t 9 4 6 \ t \ t 9 6 2 \ t \ t 9 7 8 \ t \ t 9 9 4 \ t \ t 1 0 0 8 \ t \ t 1 0 2 2 \n\ t 1 0 .
Liquor in , l b / hr \ t \ t73400 \ t \ t88300 \ t \ t101000 \ t \
t 1 1 3 0 0 0 \ t \ t 7 2 0 0 0 \ t \ t 7 2 0 0 0 \n\ t 1 1 . L i q o u r out , l b / h r
\ t \ t56200 \ t \ t73400 \ t \ t88300 \ t \ t101100 \ t \ t58300 \ t \
t 5 4 7 0 0 \n\ t 1 2 . E v a p o r a t i o n , l b / h r \ t \ t 1 7 2 0 0 \ t \ t 1 4 9 0 0 \
t \ t 1 2 8 0 0 \ t \ t 1 1 9 0 0 \ t \ t 1 3 7 0 0 \ t \ t 1 7 3 0 0 \n\ t 1 3 . T o t a l
s o l i d s , \ t \ t38 .9\ t \ t29 .8\ t \ t24 .7\ t \ t21 .6\ t \ t18 .7\
t \ t 2 0 . 0 \ n\ t 1 4 . A, f t ˆ2\ t \ t \ t 3 2 5 0 \ t \ t 3 2 5 0 \ t \ t 3 2 5 0 \ t \
t 3 2 5 0 \ t \ t 3 2 5 0 \ t \ t 3 2 5 0 \n\ t 1 5 . UD, Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ (
F ) \ t 2 6 2 \ t \ t 2 9 5 \ t \ t 2 5 2 \ t \ t 2 5 1 \ t \ t 2 2 1 \ t \ t 2 2 1 \n\
t 1 6 .UD delT , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) \ t 5 5 1 0 \ t \ t 5 0 0 0 \ t \
t 4 5 3 0 t \ t \ t 4 7 7 0 \ t \ t 3 9 8 0 \ t \ t 4 6 5 0 \n ” ) ; //BPR v a l u e s
from f i g 1 4 . 3 6 a
27 // S p e c i f i c −h e a t d a t a a r e g i v e n i n F i g . 1 4 . 3 6 b
28 ev (1) =17200; // l b / h r
29 ev (2) =14900; // l b / h r
30 ev (3) =12800; // l b / h r
31 ev (4) =11900; // l b / h r
32 ev (5) =13700; // l b / h r
33 ev (6) =17300; // l b / h r
34 i =1;
35 tev =0;
36 while (i <7)
37 tev = tev + ev ( i ) ;
38 i = i +1;
39 end
40 printf ( ” \n\ t T o t a l amount o f w a t e r e v a p o r a t e d = %. 0 f
l b / h r \n ” , tev ) ;
41 ttev = tev /6; // l b / h r
176
42 printf ( ” \ t T h e o r e t i c a l amount o f steam f o r a s i x −
e f f e c t e v a p o r a t o r = %. 0 f l b / h r \n ” , ttev ) ;
43 tev2 = tev /(6*0.75) ; // l b / h r . o r d e r o f 75 p e r c e n t o f
theoretical
44 printf ( ” \ tSteam u s e d f o r t r a i l b a l a n c e = %. 0 f l b / h r \
n ” , tev2 ) ;
45 lq =( tev /6) ;
46 lq = lq +( lq *0.15) ;
47 printf ( ” \ t E s t i m a t e o f t h e amount o f e v a p o r a t i o n i n
t h e f i r s t e f f e c t = %. 0 f l b / h r \n ” , lq ) ;
48 lout6 =54000; // l b / h r
49 lq2 = lout6 + lq +2200; // l b / h r
50 printf ( ” \ t E s t i m a t e d d i s c h a r g e from s e c o n d e f f e c t = %
. 0 f l b / h r \n ” , lq2 ) ;
51 printf ( ” \n\ t \ t \ t \tHEAT BALANCE\n ” ) ;
52 cw = 17750000/(500*(125 -15 -60) ) ; //gpm , v a l u e s from
table 14.6
53 printf ( ” \ t \ t C o o l i n g w a t e r a t 60 F = %. 0 f gpm\n ” , cw
);
54 printf ( ” \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−\
n”);
;
56 printf ( ” \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−\
n”);
57 sf =20000; // l b / h r
58 lqi =73400; // l b / h r
59 lqi2 =88300
60 lt1 =259; // F
61 lt2 =232; // F
62 lt3 =206; // F
63 ev =17200; // l b / h r
64 his = sf *924*0.97; // Btu / h r
65 printf ( ” \ t 1 . a . Heat i n steam \t% . 2 e \n ” , his ) ;
66 hl = lqi *( lt1 - lt2 ) *0.82; // Btu / h r
67 printf ( ” \ t b . H e a t i n g l i q u o r \t% . 2 e \n ” , hl ) ;
177
68 hh = his - hl ;
69 ev1 =( hh ) /946; // l b / h r
70 printf ( ” \ t c . E v a p o r a t i o n \ t \ t \ t \t% . 0 f \n ” , ev1 ) ;
71 dif = lqi - ev1 ;
72 tft =( dif ) *( lt1 -209) *0.78;
73 printf ( ” \ t d . To f l a s h t a n k \t% . 1 e ” , tft ) ;
74 ev2 = tft /978; // l b / h r
75 printf ( ” \ t \t% . 0 f \n ” , ev2 ) ;
76 printf ( ” \ t e . F l a s h e d v a p o r=%. 0 f \n ” , ev2 ) ;
77 p = dif - ev2 ;
78 printf ( ” \ t f . p r o d u c t %. 1 e \n ” ,p ) ;
79 printf ( ” \n\ t 2 . a . Heat i n 1 s t v a p o r s \t% . 3 e \n ” , hh ) ;
80 hl2 = lqi2 *( lt2 - lt3 ) *0.85;
81 printf ( ” \ t b . H e a t i n g l i q o u r \t% . 2 e \n ” , hl2 ) ;
82 ev3 =( hh - hl2 ) /962;
83 printf ( ” \ t c . E v a p o r a t i o n=%. 0 f ” , ev3 ) ;
84
85 printf ( ” \ t \ t \t% . 0 f \n ” , ev3 ) ;
86 lto1 = lqi2 - ev3 ;
87 printf ( ” \ t d . L i q u o r t o 1 b=%. 0 f \n ” , lto1 ) ;
88 // end
Scilab code Exa 14.6 Evoparator specification
book \n ” ) ;
3 st1 =274; // F
4 vt6 =115; // F
5 odT = st1 - vt6 ; // F
6 printf ( ” \ t T o t a l t e m p e r a t u r e d i f f e r e n c e = %. 0 f F \n ”
, odT ) ; // c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o 35 p s i g
7 eb1 =77; // F , From f i g . 1 4 . 3 8
8 eb2 =26; // F , From f i g . 1 4 . 3 8
9 etd = odT -( eb1 + eb2 ) ; // F
178
10 printf ( ” \ tThe e f f e c t i v e t e m p e r a t u r e d i f f e r e n c e i s %
.0 f F \n ” , etd ) ;
11 printf ( ” \n\ t \ t \tCAUSTIC EVAPORATOR MATERIAL BALANCE\
n”);
12 // B a s i s : 1 t o n / h r NaOH
13 printf ( ” \ t C e l l l i q u o u r a t 120 F \ t \ tWash a t 80 F \n
”);
14 printf ( ” \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−\n ” )
;
15 l1 =2000; // Lb
16 l2 =3800; // Lb
17 l3 =17050; // Lb
18 lq = l1 + l2 + l3 ; // Lb
19 w1 =340; // Lb
20 w2 =1020; // Lb
21 w = w1 + w2 ; // Lb
22 printf ( ” \ t 8 . 7 5 p r c n t NaOH = %. 0 f \n\ t 1 6 . 6 p r c n t NaCl
= %. 0 f \ t \ t 2 5 p r c n t NaCl = %. 0 f \n ” ,l1 , l2 , w1 ) ;
23 printf ( ” \ t 7 4 . 6 5 p r c n t H20 = %. 0 f \ t \ t 7 5 p r c n t H20 = %
. 0 f \n ” ,l3 , w2 ) ;
24 printf ( ” \ t T o t a l c e l l l i q u o r = %. 0 f \ t T o t o a l wash = %
. 0 f \n ” ,lq , w ) ;
25 printf ( ” \n\ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
n”);
26 printf ( ” \ t \ t \ t \tNaOH\ t \ tNaCl \ t \ tH20 , Lb\ t T o t a l , Lb\n\ t
\ t \ t \ t p r c n t \ tLb \ t p r c n t \ tLb \n ” ) ;
27 printf ( ” \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
n”);
28 printf ( ” \ t O v e r a l l o p e r a t i o n : \ n\ t Cell liquor
. . . . . . . . . . 8 . 7 5 \ t ” + string ( l1 ) + ” \ t 1 6 . 6 0 \ t ” + string (
l2 ) + ” \ t ” + string ( l3 ) + ” \ t ” + string ( lq ) + ” \n ” ) ;
29 printf ( ” \ t Wash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \ t . . . . \ t 2 5 . 0 0 \
t ” + string ( w1 ) + ” \ t ” + string ( w2 ) + ” \ t ” + string ( w ) + ” \n ”
);
30 wl1 = l2 + w1 ; // Lb
179
31 wl2 = l3 + w2 ; // Lb
32 wlt = lq + w ;
33 printf ( ” \ t Total in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \ t ” + string ( l1 )
+ ” \ t . . . . \ t ” + string ( wl1 ) + ” \ t ” + string ( wl2 ) + ” \ t ” +
string ( wlt ) + ” \n ” ) ;
34 prn =110; // Lb
35 prh =1890; // Lb
36 prt =4000; // Lb
37 printf ( ” \ t P r o d u c t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 0 . 0 0 \ t ” + string ( l1
) + ” \ t 2 . 7 5 \ t ” + string ( prn ) + ” \ t ” + string ( prh ) + ” \ t ” +
string ( prt ) + ” \n ” ) ;
38 r1 = wl1 - prn ; // Lb
39 r2 = wl2 - prh ; // Lb
40 r3 = wlt - prt ; // Lb
41 gain =3200; //gpm
42 printf ( ” \ t Removed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \ t . . . . \ t . . . . \
t% . 0 f \t% . 0 f \t% . 0 f \n ” ,r1 , r2 , r3 ) ;
43 // R e s t o f t h e t a b l e i s c a l c u l a t e d s i m i l a r i l y
44 printf ( ” \n\ t \ t \ t \ t \tCAUSTIC EVAPORATOR SUMMARY\n ” ) ;
45 printf ( ” \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
n”);
46 printf ( ” \ t I t e m \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t E f f e c t s \ n t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−\t \ t F l a s h Tank \n\ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ I \
t \ t I I \n ” ) ;
47 printf ( ” \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
n”);
48 printf ( ” \ t 1 . Steam p r e s s u r e , p s i / i n . Hg\ t 3 0 \n\ t 2 . Steam
t e m p e r a t u r e , F \ t \ t 2 7 4 \ t \ t 1 6 9 \n\ t 3 . delT , F \ t \ t \
t 2 8 \ t \ t 2 8 \n\ t 4 . L i q u o r t e m p e r a t u r e , F \ t246 \ t \
t 1 4 1 \ t \ t 1 9 2 \n\ t 5 . BPR, F \ t \ t \ t 7 7 \ t \ t 2 6 \ t \ t 7 7 \n\
t 6 . Vapor t e m p e r a t u r e , F \ t \ t 1 6 9 \ t \ t 1 1 5 \ t \ t 1 1 5 \n\
t 7 . Lambda , Btu / l b \ t \ t 9 9 7 \ t \ t 1 0 2 7 \ t \ t 1 0 2 7 \n\ t 8 .
Feed , l b / h r \ t \ t \ t 2 2 7 8 8 \ t \ t 5 0 6 0 2 \ t \ t 1 3 3 6 7 \n\ t 9 .
Product , l b / h r \ t \ t 1 3 3 6 7 \ t \ t 4 0 3 5 2 \ t \ t 1 2 8 1 3 \n\ t 1 0 .
E v a p o r a t i o n , l b / h r \ t \ t 9 4 2 1 \ t \ t 1 0 2 5 0 \ t \ t 5 5 4 \n\ t 1 1 .
Heat f l o w , Btu / h r \ t \ t 1 1 8 9 0 0 0 0 \ t 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 \n\ t 1 2 . UD,
180
Btu / ( ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) ) \ t 7 0 0 \n\ t 1 3 . A, f t ˆ2\ t \ t \
t 6 8 3 \ t \ t 6 8 3 \n\ t 1 4 . Tubes , OD, i n . and BWG\ t1 , 1 6 \ t \
t1 , 1 6 \ n\ t 1 5 . Tube l e n g t h , f t \ t \ t 7 \ t \ t 7 \n\ t 1 6 . No .
t u b e s \ t \ t \ t 4 3 2 \ t \ t 4 3 2 \n\ t 1 7 . C i r c u l a t i n g pump . gpm
\ t 3 2 0 0 a t 20 f t \ t 3 2 0 0 a t 20 f t \ t 1 6 7 a t 45 f t \n\ t 1 8
. Apparent e f f i c i e n c y , p r c n t \ t 5 4 \ t \ t 6 4 \n\ t 1 8 . BHP\ t
\ t \ t \ t 3 8 \ t \ t 3 5 \ t \ t 8 . 2 \ n\ t 2 0 . Motor , hp \ t \ t \ t 4 0 \ t \
t40 \ t \ t10 . 0 \ n”);
49 printf ( ” \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
n”);
50 V =8;
51 s =1.5;
52 G = V * s *62.5*3600; // l b / ( ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) )
53 printf ( ” \tG = V( s ∗ 6 2 . 5 ∗ 3 6 0 0 ) = %. 1 e l b / ( ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) )
\n ” ,G ) ;
54 UD =700; // Btu / ( ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) )
55 // Combining w i t h a steam f i l m c o e f f i c i e n t o f
a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1500
56 printf ( ” \tUC o r UD = %. 0 f Btu / ( ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) ) \n ”
, UD ) ;
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
”);
58 printf ( ” \n\ t t x , F \tw , l b / h r \ t \ t d e l T \tUC\tA , f t ˆ2\ t a t ,
f l o w a r e a \ t G c a l c \ t \ t U c a l c \n\ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t p e r p a s s
, f t ˆ2\ n ” ) ;
59 printf ( ” \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
n”);
60 printf ( ” \ t 2 5 1 \ t 2 9 7 0 0 0 0 \ t \ t 2 5 . 4 \ t 7 0 0 \ t 6 7 0 \ t 0 . 8 7 \ t \
t 3 4 2 0 0 0 0 \n\ t 2 5 2 \ t 2 4 8 0 0 0 0 \ t \ t 2 5 . 0 \ t 7 0 0 \ t 6 8 0 \ t 0 . 8 8 \
t \ t 2 8 2 0 0 0 0 \n\ t 2 5 2 . 5 \ t 2 2 9 0 0 0 0 \ t \ t 2 4 . 7 \ t 7 0 0 \ t 6 8 5 \ t 0
. 8 9 \ t \ t 2 5 7 0 0 0 0 \ t \ t 7 0 0 \n\ t 2 5 3 \ t 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 \ t \ t 2 4 . 5 \
t 7 0 0 \ t 6 9 5 \ t 0 . 9 0 \ t \ t 2 5 2 0 0 0 0 \n ” ) ;
61 printf ( ” \ tThee g a i n p e r m i n u t e i s %. 0 f gpm\n ” , gain ) ;
62 printf ( ” \n\ t \ t \ t \tCAUSTIC EVAPORATION HEAT BALANCE\n
”);
181
63 printf ( ” \ t \ t \ t \ t ( B a s i s = 1 t o n / h r NaOH) \n ” ) ;
64 printf ( ” \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
n”);
65 printf ( ” \ t \tEFFECT\ t \ t \ tBtu / h r \ t \ t E v a o p r a t i o n , l b / h r
\n ” ) ;
66 hi =10500*930*0.974; // Btu / h r
67 hl =18230*(246 -150) *0.83; // Btu / h r
68 rh = hi - hl ; // Btu / h r
69 hc =300000; // Btu / h r
70 hv = rh - hc ; // Btu / h r
71 evv = hv /997; // l b / h r
72 printf ( ” \ t 1 . a . Heat i n steam \ t \t% . 1 e \n\ t b . H e a t i n g
l i q u o r \ t \t% . 2 e \n\ t c . R e s u l t a n t h e a t \ t \t% . 2 e f \n\ t
d . Heat o f c o n c e n t r a t e \ t \t% . 0 e \n\ t e . Heat o f
v a p o r s \ t \t% . 2 e \t% . 0 f \n ” ,hi , hl , rh , hc , hv , evv ) ;
73 s1 =1.35;
74 G1 = V * s1 *62.5*3600; // l b / ( ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) )
75 printf ( ” \n\tG = V( s ∗ 6 2 . 5 ∗ 3 6 0 0 ) = %. 2 e l b / ( ( h r ) ∗ ( f t
ˆ 2 ) ) \n ” , G1 ) ;
76 UD1 =700; // Btu / ( ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) )
77 // U s i n g t h e r m a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s f o r t h i s s o l u t i o n
78 printf ( ” \tUD = %. 0 f Btu / ( ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) ) \n ” , UD1 ) ;
79 // As f o r e f f e c t I :
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
”);
81 printf ( ” \n\ t t x , F \tw , l b / h r \ t \ t d e l T \tUC\tA , f t ˆ2\ t a t ,
f l o w a r e a \ t G c a l c \ t \ t U c a l c \n\ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t p e r p a s s
, f t ˆ2\ n ” ) ;
82 printf ( ” \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
n”);
83 printf ( ” \ t 1 4 6 \ t 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 \ t \ t 2 5 . 4 \ t 7 0 0 \ t 6 2 0 \ t 0 . 8 0 \ t \
t 2 7 9 0 0 0 0 \ t \ t 7 0 0 \n\ t 1 4 6 . 5 \ t 2 1 6 0 0 0 0 \ t \ t 2 5 . 2 \ t 7 0 0 \
t 6 8 3 \ t 0 . 8 9 \ t \ t 2 4 3 0 0 0 0 \n ” ) ;
84 // end
182
Scilab code Exa 14.7 heat and steam
book \n ” ) ;
3 M2 =14300; // From f i g . 1 4 . 4 3 and h e a t b a l a n c e a b o v e
4 M1 =32200 -14300; // From f i g . 1 4 . 4 3 and h e a t b a l a n c e
above
5 printf ( ” \tM1 = %. 0 f l b \n ” , M1 ) ;
6 printf ( ” \n\ t \ t \ t \tEVAPORATOR SUMMARY\n ” ) ;
7 printf ( ” \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
n”);
8 printf ( ” \ t E f f e c t s \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t S t r a i g h t t r i p l e e f f e c t \ t \
t \ t \ tThermocompression \ nt \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
n\ t \ t \ t \ t \ t 1 \ t \ t 2 \ t \ t 3 \ t \ t 1 \ t \ t 2 \ t \ t 3 \n ” ) ;
9 printf ( ” \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
n”);
10 printf ( ” \ tSteam f l o w , l b / h r \ t \ t 2 2 4 0 0 \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \
t 1 7 9 0 0 \n\ tSteam p r e s s u r e , p s i i n . Hg\ t 2 0 \ t \ t 9 \ t \ t 2
\ t \ t 2 0 \ t \ t 9 \ t \ t 2 \n\ tSteam temp , F \ t \ t \ t 2 5 8 \ t \
t 2 3 7 \ t \ t 2 1 7 \ t \ t 2 5 8 \ t \ t 2 3 7 \ t \ t 2 1 7 \n\ t t d e l T , F \ t \ t
\ t 2 0 \ t \ t 1 8 \ t \ t 2 2 \ t \ t 2 0 \ t \ t 1 8 \ t \ t 2 2 \n\ t L i q u o r temp
, F \ t \ t \ t238 \ t \ t219 \ t \ t195 \ t \ t238 \ t \ t219 \ t \ t195
\n\tBPR , F \ t \ t \ t \ t 1 \ t \ t 2 \ t \ t 3 \ t \ t 1 \ t \ t 2 \ t \ t 3 \n\
tVapor temp , F \ t \ t \ t237 \ t \ t217 \ t \ t192 \ t \ t237 \ t \
t 2 1 5 \ t \ t 1 9 2 \n\ tVapor p r e s s u r e , p i s / i n . Hg\ t 9 \ t \ t 2 \
t \ t 1 0 \ t \ t 9 \ t \ t 2 \ t \ t 1 0 \n\ tLambda , Btu / l b \ t \ t \ t 9 5 4 \
t \ t 9 6 5 \ t \ t 9 8 3 \ t \ t 9 5 4 \ t \ t 9 6 5 \ t \ t 9 8 3 \n\ t L i q u o r i n ,
l b / hr \ t \ t100000 \ t \ t79400 \ t \ t56900 \ t \ t109000 \ t \
t 7 0 0 0 0 \ t \ t 5 2 4 0 0 \n\ t L i q o u r out , l b / h r \ t \ t 7 9 4 0 0 \ t \
t 5 6 9 0 0 \ t \ t 3 3 3 0 0 \ t \ t 7 0 0 0 0 \ t \ t 5 2 4 0 0 \ t \ t 3 3 3 0 0 \n\
183
tEvaporation , l b / hr \ t \ t20600 \ t \ t22500 \ t \ t23500 \ t \
t 3 0 0 0 0 \ t \ t 1 7 6 0 0 \ t \ t 1 9 1 0 0 \n\ t B r i x ( o u t ) \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t
\ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t 3 0 \n\ t C o n d e n s e r water , gpm\ t \ t \ t \
t 4 5 5 \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t 3 6 5 \n ” ) ;
11 printf ( ” \n\ t \ t \ t \tHEAT BALANCE−STRAIGHT TRIPLE
EFFECT\n\ t \ t \ t \ t C o n d e n s e r w a t e r = 455 gpm\n ” ) ;
12 printf ( ” \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−\
n”);
;
14 printf ( ” \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−\
n”);
15 sf =22400; // l b / h r
16 lc =100000; // l b / h r
17 t1 =238; // F
18 t2 =230; // F
19 his = sf *940*0.97; // Btu / h r
20 hlq = lc *( t1 - t2 ) *0.92; // Btu / h r
21 hd = his - hlq ; // Btu / h r
22 eva =( hd ) /954; // l b / h r
23 l2d = lc - eva ;
24 printf ( ” \ t 1 . a . Heat i n steam \t% . 2 e \n\ t b . H e a t i n g
l i q u o r \t% . 2 e \n\ t c . E v a p o r a t i o n \ t \t% . 4 e / 9 5 4 \ t% . 0 f
\n\ t d . L i q u o r t o 2 d = %. 0 f ” ,his , hlq , hd , eva , l2d ) ;
25 // end
184
Chapter 15
Vaporizers Evoparators and

Reboilers
Scilab code Exa 15.1 Calculation of the Average Specific Volume
book \n ” ) ;
3 ts =250;
4 T1 =400;
5 T2 =300;
6 w =10000; // l b / h r
7 W =150000; // l b / h r
8 l =945.3; // Btu / ( l b ) , t a b l e 7
9 Q =(( w ) *( l ) ) ; // Btu / h r
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
11 C =0.63; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
12 Q =(( W ) *( C ) *( T1 - T2 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
e Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
14 delt1 = T2 - ts ; //F
15 delt2 = T1 - ts ; // F
185
20 UD =100;
21 A =( Q /( UD * LMTD ) ) ;
22 printf ( ” \ t A : %. 2 e f t ˆ2 \n ” ,A ) ;
23 WC =94500; // Btu /F
24 vl =0.017; // f t ˆ3/ l b , from t a b l e 7
25 vv =13.75; // f t ˆ3/ l b , from t a b l e 7
26 printf ( ” \ t By t h e law o f m i x t u r e s \n ” ) ;
27 // Assume 80 p e r c e n t o f t h e o u t l e t f l u i d i s v a p o r
28 v2 =(0.8* vv ) +(.2* vl ) ;
29 printf ( ” \ t v2 : %. 0 f f t ˆ3/ l b \n ” , v2 ) ;
30 vav =( WC *( v2 - vl ) /( UD * A ) ) -(( WC *( T2 - ts ) /( l * w ) ) *( vv - vl ) )
+ vl ;
31 printf ( ” \ t vav : %. 2 f f t ˆ3/ l b \n ” , vav ) ;
32 printf ( ” \ t By t h e a p p r o x i m a t e method \n ” ) ;
33 vav1 =( vl + v2 ) /(2) ;
34 printf ( ” \ t vav : %. 2 f f t ˆ3/ l b \n ” , vav1 ) ;
35 row =62.5;
36 rowac =(1/ vav ) ;
37 s =( rowac / row ) ;
38 printf ( ” \ t a c t u a l d e n s i t y : %. 3 f l b / f t ˆ3 \n ” , rowac ) ;
39 printf ( ” \ t s : %. 4 f \n ” ,s ) ;
40 rowap =(1/ vav1 ) ;
41 s =( rowap / row ) ;
42 printf ( ” \ t a p p r o x i m a t e d e n s i t y : %. 3 f l b / f t ˆ3 \n ” ,
rowac ) ;
43 printf ( ” \ t s : %. 4 f \n ” ,s ) ;
44 // end
Scilab code Exa 15.2 Vaporizer or Pump through Reboiler with Isother-
mal Boiling
186
book \n ” ) ;
5 Ts =338;
6 Wp =24700; // l b / h r
7 Wv =19750; // l b / h r
8 w =4880; // l b / h r
10 Ht1 =162; // e n t h a l p y a t t1 , Btu / l b , f i g 9
12 qp =( Wp *( Ht2 - Ht1 ) ) ; // f o r p r e h e a t
13 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r p r e h e a t o f b u t a n e
i s : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” , qp ) ;
14 Ht3 =358; // e n t h a l p y o f v a p o u r a t t2 , Btu / l b , f i g 9
15 qv = Wv *( Ht3 - Ht2 ) ;
16 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r v a p o u r i s a t i o n o f
b u t a n e i s : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” , qv ) ;
17 Q = qp + qv ;
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
20 l =880.6; // Btu / ( l b ) , t a b l e 7
21 Q =(( w ) *( l ) ) ; // Btu / h r
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
23 deltp =158.5; // F , from eq 5 . 1 4
24 deltv =103; // F eq 5 . 1 4
25 Wp1 =( qp / deltp ) ;
26 printf ( ” \ t Wp1 i s : %. 2 e l b / h r \n ” , Wp1 ) ;
27 Wv1 =( qv / deltv ) ;
28 printf ( ” \ t Wv1 i s : %. 2 e l b / h r \n ” , Wv1 ) ;
29 W =( Wp1 + Wv1 ) ;
30 printf ( ” \ t W i s : %. 2 e l b / h r \n ” ,W ) ;
31 delt =( Q / W ) ;
32 printf ( ” \ t w e i g h t e d d e l t i s : % . 1 f F \n ” , delt ) ;
33 Tc =(( Ts ) +( Ts ) ) /(2) ; // c a l o r i c t e m p e r a t u r e o f h o t
fluid ,F
187
f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
fluid ,F
. 1 f F \n ” , tc ) ;
38 Nt =76;
40 L =16; // f t
.7.48
” , Gt ) ;
46 mu1 =0.0363; // a t 338F , f i g 1 5 , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
47 D =0.0725; // f t
50 hio =1500; // c o n d e n s i n g steam , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
51 printf ( ” \ t h i o i s : %. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio
);
52 printf ( ” \ t c o l d f l u i d : s h e l l s i d e , b u t a n e \n ” ) ;
53 printf ( ” \ t p r e h e a t i n g \n ” ) ;
54 ID =15.25; // i n
55 C =0.25; // c l e a r a n c e
57 PT =1.25;
60 Gs =( Wp / as ) ; // mass v e l o c i t y , l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 )
” , Gs ) ;
63 De =0.0825; // from f i g . 2 8 , f t
188
66 jH =159; // from f i g . 2 8
67 Z =0.12; // Z=k ∗ ( ( c ) ∗ ( mu1 ) / k ) ˆ ( 1 / 3 ) , f i g 16
68 hop =(( jH ) *(1/ De ) *( Z ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 6 . 1 5 b , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t
ˆ2) ∗(F)
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hop ) ;
70 Up =(( hio ) *( hop ) /( hio + hop ) ) ; // c l e a n o v e r a l l
71 printf ( ” \ t c l e a n o v e r a l l c o e f f i c i e n t f o r p r e h e a t i n g
: %. 0 e Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Up ) ;
72 Ap =( qp /( Up * deltp ) ) ;
73 printf ( ” \ t c l e a n s u r f a c e r e q u i r e d f o r p r e h e a t i n g : %
. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , Ap ) ;
74 printf ( ” \ t f o r v a p o u r i s a t i o n \n ” ) ;
78 jH =170; // from f i g . 2 8
79 Z =0.115; // Z=k ∗ ( ( c ) ∗ ( mu1 ) / k ) ˆ ( 1 / 3 ) , f i g 16
80 hov =(( jH ) *(1/ De ) *( Z ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 6 . 1 5 b , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t
ˆ2) ∗(F)
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hov ) ;
82 Uv =(( hio ) *( hov ) /( hio + hov ) ) ; // c l e a n o v e r a l l
83 printf ( ” \ t c l e a n o v e r a l l c o e f f i c i e n t f o r
v a p o u r i s a t i o n : %. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uv ) ;
84 Av =( qv /( Uv * deltv ) ) ;
85 printf ( ” \ t c l e a n s u r f a c e r e q u i r e d f o r v a p o u r i s a t i o n
: %. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , Av ) ;
86 Ac = Ap + Av ;
87 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l c l e a n s u r f a c e : %. 1 e f t ˆ2 \n ” , Ac ) ;
88 UC =(( Up * Ap ) +( Uv * Av ) ) /( Ac ) ;
Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UC ) ;
189
91 A =( Nt * L * A2 ) ; // f t ˆ2
93 UD =(( Q ) /(( A ) *( delt ) ) ) ;
94 printf ( ” \ t a c t u a l d e s i g n o v e r a l l coefficient is : %
. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
95 // A t o t a l o f 170 f t 2 a r e r e q u i r e d o f which 103 a r e
t o be u s e d f o r v a p o r i z a t i o n . For t h e t o t a l
s u r f a c e r e q u i r e d 318 f t 2 w i l l be p r o v i d e d . I t can
be assumed , then , t h a t t h e s u r f a c e p r o v i d e d f o r
v a p o r i z a t i o n i s 193 f t ˆ2
96 // t h e n f l u x i s Q/A=10700 , which i s w i t h i n
satisfactory levels .
n ” , Rd ) ;
62000 , using f i g .26
101 s =0.00413;
102 phyt =1;
103 delPt =(( f *( Gt ^2) *( L ) *( n ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( D ) *( s ) *(
phyt ) ) ) /(2) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 5 , p s i
107 printf ( ” \ t p r e h e a t i n g \n ” ) ;
69200 , using f i g .29
109 Lp =( L * Ap / Ac ) ; // f t
110 printf ( ” \ t l e n g t h o f p r e h e a t z o n e : %. 1 f f t \n ” , Lp ) ;
111 N =(12* Lp / B ) ; // number o f c r o s s e s , u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 3
114 Ds =1.27; // f i g 28
115 phys =1;
116 delPsp =(( f *( Gs ^2) *( Ds ) *( N ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( De ) *( s ) *(
phys ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 4 , p s i
117 printf ( ” \ t d e l P s p i s : %. 1 f p s i \n ” , delPsp ) ;
190
118 printf ( ” \ t v a p o u r i s a t i o n \n ” ) ;
119 f =0.00142;
120 Lv =9.7; // Lv=L−Lp
121 Nv =(12* Lv / B ) ; // number o f c r o s s e s , u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 3
122 printf ( ” \ t number o f c r o s s e s a r e : %. 0 f \n ” , Nv ) ;
123 s =0.28;
124 delPsv =(( f *( Gs ^2) *( Ds ) *( Nv ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( De ) *( s )
*(1) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq 1 2 . 4 7 , p s i
125 printf ( ” \ t d e l P s v i s : %. 1 f p s i \n ” , delPsv ) ;
126 delPS = delPsp + delPsv ;
127 printf ( ” \ t d e l P S i s : %. 1 f p s i \n ” , delPS ) ;
129 // end
Scilab code Exa 15.3 Calculation of a Kettle Reboiler
book \n ” ) ;
3 ts =400;
4 T1 =575;
5 T2 =475;
6 W =28100; // l b / h r
7 w =34700; // l b / h r
9 HT1 =290; // e n t h a l p y a t T1 , Btu / l b , f i g 11
10 HT2 =385; // e n t h a l p y a t T2 , Btu / l b , f i g 11
11 Q =( W *( HT2 - HT1 ) ) ; // f o r p r e h e a t
12 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r g a s o l i n e i s : %. 2
e Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
13 c =0.77; // Btu / ( l b ) , t a b l e 7
14 Q =(( w ) *( c ) *( T1 - T2 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
16 delt =118; // F eq 5 . 1 4
191
17 S =(( T2 - ts ) /( T1 - ts ) ) ;
18 printf ( ” \ t S i s : %. 3 f \n ” ,S ) ;
19 Kc =0.37; // f i g 17
20 Fc =0.42;
21 Tc =( T2 +(0.42*( T1 - T2 ) ) ) ;
22 printf ( ” \ t Tc i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
23 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : i n n e r t u b e s i d e , g a s o i l \n ” ) ;
24 Nt =68;
26 L =12; // f t
.7.48
” , Gt ) ;
32 mu1 =0.65; // a t 517F , f i g 1 4 , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
33 D =0.0694; // f t
36 jH =220; // from f i g . 2 4
37 Z =0.118; // Z=k ∗ ( ( c ) ∗ ( mu1 ) / k ) ˆ ( 1 / 3 ) , f i g 16
38 Hi =(( jH ) *(1/ D ) *( Z ) ) ; // h i / phyt , Hi =() u s i n g eq . 6 . 1 5 d ,
Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Hi ) ;
40 Hio =(( Hi ) *(0.834/1) ) ; // Hio =( h i o / phyp ) , u s i n g eq . 6 . 9
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Hio ) ;
42 // ( mu1/muw) ˆ ( 0 . 1 4 ) i s n e g l i g i b l e
43 printf ( ” \ t c o l d f l u i d : s h e l l s i d e , g a s o l i n e \n ” ) ;
44 ho =300; // a s s u m p t i o n
45 tw =( ts ) +((( Hio ) /( Hio + ho ) ) *( Tc - ts ) ) ; // from eq . 5 . 3 1
47 deltw =( tw - ts ) ;
48 printf ( ” \ t d e l t w : %. 0 f F \n ” , deltw ) ;
49 // from f i g 1 5 . 1 1 , ho >300
192
50 Uc =(( Hio ) *( ho ) /( Hio + ho ) ) ; // c l e a n overall
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
53 A =( Nt * L * A2 ) ; // f t ˆ2
55 UD =(( Q ) /(( A ) *( delt ) ) ) ;
. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
57 // c h e c k f o r max . f l u x=Q/A= 1 2 5 0 0 . ( s a t i s f a c t o r y )
n ” , Rd ) ;
85700 , using f i g .26
62 s =0.71;
63 phyt =1;
64 delPt =(( f *( Gt ^2) *( L ) *( n ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( D ) *( s ) *(
phyt ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 5 , p s i
f i g .27
72 printf ( ” \ t d e l P s i s n e g l i g i b l e \n ” ) ;
73 // end
Scilab code Exa 15.4 Calculation of a Once through Horizontal Thermosyphon

Reboiler
193
book \n ” ) ;
5 T1 =525;
6 T2 =400;
7 Wv =29000; // l b / h r
8 Ws =38500; // l b / h r
9 w =51000; // l b / h r
13 Ht3 =378; // e n t h a l p y o f v a p o u r a t t 2
14 qv =( Wv *( Ht3 - Ht2 ) ) ; // f o r p r e h e a t
15 printf ( ” \ t qv i s : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” , qv ) ;
16 qs = Ws *( Ht2 - Ht1 ) ;
17 printf ( ” \ t q s i s : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” , qs ) ;
18 Q = qs + qv ;
19 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r naphtha i s : %. 2 e
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
20 c =0.66; // Btu / ( l b ) ( F )
21 Q =(( w ) *( c ) *( T1 - T2 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
23 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
24 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
29 R =(( T1 - T2 ) /( t2 - t1 ) ) ;
30 printf ( ” \ t R i s : %. 2 f \n ” ,R ) ;
31 S =(( t2 - t1 ) /( T1 - t1 ) ) ;
32 printf ( ” \ t S i s : %. 3 f \n ” ,S ) ;
34 delt =(0.97* LMTD ) ; // F
194
36 X =(( delt1 ) /( delt2 ) ) ; // f i g 17
37 printf ( ” \ t r a t i o o f two l o c a l t e m p e r a t u r e difference
i s : %. 3 f \n ” ,X ) ;
38 Fc =0.41; // from f i g . 1 7
39 Kc =0.42;
hot f l u i d , F
f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
cold fluid ,F
. 0 f F \n ” , tc ) ;
45 Nt =116;
47 L =12; // f t
.7.48
” , Gt ) ;
53 mu1 =1.09; // a t 451F , f i g 1 4 , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
54 D =0.0695; // f t
57 jH =168; // from f i g . 2 4
58 Z =0.142; // Z=k ∗ ( ( c ) ∗ ( mu1 ) / k ) ˆ ( 1 / 3 ) , f i g 16
59 Hi =(( jH ) *(1/ D ) *( Z ) ) ; // , Hi =( h i / phyt ) u s i n g eq . 6 . 1 5 d ,
Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Hi ) ;
61 Hio =(( Hi ) *(0.834/1) ) ; // Hio =( h i o / phyp ) , u s i n g eq . 6 . 9
62 printf ( ” \ t C o r r e c t Hio t o t h e s u r f a c e a t t h e OD i s :
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Hio ) ;
63 printf ( ” \ t c o l d f l u i d : s h e l l s i d e , naphtha \n ” ) ;
195
64 ho1 =200; // a s s u m p t i o n
65 tw =( tc ) +((( Hio ) /( Hio + ho1 ) ) *( Tc - tc ) ) ; // from eq
. 5 . 3 1 , c a l c u l a t i o n mistake
67 deltw =( tw - tc ) ;
68 printf ( ” \ t d e l t w : %. 0 f F \n ” , deltw ) ;
69 // from f i g 1 5 . 1 1 , hv >300 , h s =60
70 Av =( qv /300) ;
71 As = qs /60;
72 printf ( ” \ t qv / hv : %. 3 e \n ” , Av ) ;
73 printf ( ” \ t q s / h s : %. 0 e \n ” , As ) ;
74 A1 = As + Av ;
75 printf ( ” \ t A : %. 3 e \n ” , A1 ) ;
76 ho =( Q / A1 ) ;
77 printf ( ” \ t ho : %. 0 f \n ” , ho ) ;
78 Uc =(( Hio ) *( ho ) /( Hio + ho ) ) ; // c l e a n o v e r a l l
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
81 A =( Nt * L * A2 ) ; // f t ˆ2
83 UD =(( Q ) /(( A ) *( delt ) ) ) ;
. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
85 // c h e c k f o r max . f l u x=Q/A= 1 1 5 0 0 . ( s a t i s f a c t o r y )
n ” , Rd ) ;
59200 , using f i g .26
90 s =0.73;
91 phyt =1;
92 delPt =(( f *( Gt ^2) *( L ) *( n ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( D ) *( s ) *(
phyt ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 5 , p s i
196
f i g .27
101 Af =(3.14*(21.25^2 -(116) ) /8) ;
102 printf ( ” \ t f l o w a r e a : %. 0 f i n ˆ2 \n ” , Af ) ;
103 as =0.917; // f t ˆ2
104 p =(3.14*21.25/2) +(3.14*1*116/2) +(21.25) ;
105 printf ( ” \ t w e t t e d p e r i m e t e r : %. 1 f i n \n ” ,p ) ;
106 De =0.186; // f t
107 Gs =( Ws /(2* as ) ) ; // mass v e l o c i t y , l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 )
” , Gs ) ;
109 mu2 =0.435; // a t 315F , f i g 1 4 , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
112 f =0.00028; // u s i n g f i g . 2 6
113 row =0.337; // f i g 1 3 . 1 4
114 // s o u t l e t max = 0 . 0 7 1 ,
115 s =0.35; // u s i n g f i g . 6
116 phys =1;
117 delPs =(( f *( Gs ^2) *( L ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( De ) *( s ) *( phys ) )
) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 4 , p s i
119 printf ( ” \ t a l l o w a b l e d e l P a i s . 2 5 p s i \n ” ) ;
120 // end
Scilab code Exa 15.5 Calculation of a Vertical Thennosyphon Reboiler
197
book \n ” ) ;
3 W =40800; // l b / h r
4 w =4570; // l b / h r
6 Ht1 =241; // e n t h a l p y o f l i q u i d a t 228F , Btu / l b , f i g
9
7 Ht2 =338; // e n t h a l p y o f v a p o u r a t 228F , Btu / l b , f i g 9
8 Q =( W *( Ht2 - Ht1 ) ) ;
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
10 l =868; // Btu / ( l b ) , t a b l e 7
11 Q =(( w ) *( l ) ) ; // Btu / h r
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
13 delt =125; // d e l t=LMTD, i s o t h e r m a l b o i l i n g , eq 5 . 1 4
14 // Tc and t c : Both s t r e a m s a r e i s u t h e r m a l
15 printf ( ” \ t t r a i l 1 \n ” ) ;
16 A1 =(( Q ) /((12000) ) ) ; // Q/A1 =12000 , f i r s t t r i a l
s h o u l d a l w a y s be t a k e n f o r t h e maximum a l l o w a b l e
flux
18 a1 =0.1963; // f t ˆ2/ l i n f t
19 L =16;
20 N1 =( A1 /( L * a1 ) ) ; // t a b l e 10
22 N2 =109; // a s s u m i n g one t u b e p a s s e s , 13.25 − i n ID ,
from t a b l e 9
23 A2 =( N2 * L * a1 ) ; // f t ˆ2
;
25 UD =(( Q ) /(( A2 ) *( delt ) ) ) ;
. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
27 // Assume 4 : 1 r e c i r c u l a t i o n r a t i o
28 rowv =(58/(359*(688/492) *(14.7/290) ) ) ; // eq 1 5 . 1 8
29 printf ( ” \ t v a p o u r d e n s i t y : %. 2 f l b / f t ˆ3 \n ” , rowv ) ;
30 Vv =0.44;
31 Vl =0.0372; // f i g 6
198
32 W1 =4* W ;
33 printf ( ” \ t w e i g h t f l o w o f r e c i r c u l a t e d l i q u i d : %. 3 e
l b / h r \n ” , W1 ) ;
34 VL = W1 * Vl ;
35 VV = W * Vv ;
36 printf ( ” \ t volume o f l i q u i d : %. 2 e f t ˆ3 \n ” , VL ) ;
37 printf ( ” \ t volume o f v a p o u r : %. 3 e f t ˆ3 \n ” , VV ) ;
38 V = VL + VV ;
39 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l volume o u t o f r e b o i l e r : %. 3 e f t ˆ3
\n ” ,V ) ;
40 vo =( V /( W1 + W ) ) ;
41 printf ( ” \ t vo i s : %. 4 f f t ˆ3/ l b \n ” , vo ) ;
42 Pl =((2.3*16) /(144*( vo - Vl ) ) ) *( log10 ( vo / Vl ) ) ;
43 printf ( ” \ t p r e s s u r e l e g : %. 1 f p s i \n ” , Pl ) ;
44 printf ( ” \ t f r i c t i o n a l r e s i s t a n c e \n ” ) ;
45 Nt =109;
.7.48
50 Gt =(( W1 + W ) /( at ) ) ; // mass v e l o c i t y , l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 )
” , Gt ) ;
52 mu1 =0.242; // a t 228F , f i g 1 4 , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
53 D =0.0517; // f t
56 f =0.000127; // u s i n g f i g . 2 6
57 s =0.285;
58 phyt =1;
59 delPt =(( f *( Gt ^2) *( L ) *( n ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( D ) *( s ) *(
phyt ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 5 , p s i
61 P = Pl + delPt ;
62 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l r e s i s i t a n c e : %. 2 f p s i \n ” ,P ) ;
63 F =(16*0.43*62.5/144) ;
64 printf ( ” \ t d r i v i n g f o r c e : %. 2 f p s i \n ” ,F ) ;
199
65 // The r e s i s t a n c e s a r e g r e a t e r t h a n t h e h y d r o s t a t i c
head can p r o v i d e ; h e n c e t h e r e c i r c u l a t i o n r a t i o
w i l l be l e s s t h a n 4 : 1
66 printf ( ” \ t t r i a l 2 \n ” ) ; // Assume 1 2 ’ 0 ” t u b e s and
4:1 recirculation ratio
67 A1 =(( Q ) /((12000) ) ) ; // Q/A1 =12000 , f i r s t t r i a l
s h o u l d a l w a y s be t a k e n f o r t h e maximum a l l o w a b l e
flux
69 a1 =0.1963; // f t ˆ2/ l i n f t
70 L =12;
71 N1 =( A1 /( L * a1 ) ) ; // t a b l e 10
73 N2 =151; // a s s u m i n g one t u b e p a s s e s , 15.25 − i n ID ,
from t a b l e 9
74 A2 =( N2 * L * a1 ) ; // f t ˆ2
;
76 UD =(( Q ) /(( A2 ) *( delt ) ) ) ;
. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
78 Pl =((2.3*12) /(144*( vo - Vl ) ) ) *( log10 ( vo / Vl ) ) ;
79 printf ( ” \ t p r e s s u r e l e g : %. 1 f p s i \n ” , Pl ) ;
80 printf ( ” \ t f r i c t i o n a l r e s i s t a n c e \n ” ) ;
81 Nt =151;
.7.48
86 Gt =(( W1 + W ) /( at ) ) ; // mass v e l o c i t y , l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 )
” , Gt ) ;
88 mu1 =0.242; // a t 228F , f i g 1 4 , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
89 D =0.0517; // f t
92 f =0.000135; // u s i n g f i g . 2 6
200
93 s =0.285;
94 phyt =1;
95 delPt =(( f *( Gt ^2) *(12) *( n ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( D ) *( s ) *(
phyt ) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 5 , p s i
97 P = Pl + delPt ;
98 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l r e s i s i t a n c e : %. 2 f p s i \n ” ,P ) ;
99 F =(12*0.43*62.5/144) ;
100 printf ( ” \ t d r i v i n g f o r c e : %. 2 f p s i \n ” ,F ) ;
101 // S i n c e t h e d r i v i n g f o r c e i s s l i g h t l y g r e a t e r than
the r e s i s t a n c e s , a r e c i r c u l a t i o n r a t i o b e t t e r
than 4 : 1 i s a s s u r e d .
103 ho =1500; // c o n d e n s i n g steam
104 printf ( ” \ t c o l d f l u i d : i n n e r t u b e s i d e , b u t a n e \n ” ) ;
105 jH =330; // from f i g . 2 4
106 Z =0.115; // Z=k ∗ ( ( c ) ∗ ( mu1 ) / k ) ˆ ( 1 / 3 ) , f i g 16
107 Hi =(( jH ) *(1/ D ) *( Z ) ) ; // , Hi =( h i / phyt ) u s i n g eq . 6 . 1 5 d ,
Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Hi ) ;
109 Hio =((300) *(0.62/0.75) ) ; // Hio =( h i o / phyp ) , u s i n g eq
.6.9
110 printf ( ” \ t C o r r e c t Hio t o t h e s u r f a c e a t t h e OD i s :
%. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Hio ) ;
111 Uc =(( Hio ) *( ho ) /( Hio + ho ) ) ; // c l e a n o v e r a l l
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
113 UD =89;
n ” , Rd ) ;
116 // end
201
Scilab code Exa 15.6 Calculation of the Reboiler Duty
book \n ” ) ;
3 // 20000=WD+WB;
4 // 0 . 9 9 ∗WD+ ( 0 . 0 5 ∗WB) = ( 2 0 0 0 0 ∗ . 5 ) ;
5 // s o l v i n g a b o v e two eq . we g e t WD and WB
6 WD =9570; // l b / h r
7 WB =10430; // l b / h r
8 HBl =108; // f i g 3 and 12
9 HDl =85.8; // f i g 3 and 12
10 HDv =253.8; // f i g 3 and 12
11 HFl =92; // f i g 3 and 12
12 l =153; // f i g 3 and 12
13 QR =((2.54+1) * WD *( HDv ) ) -(2.54* WD * HDl ) +( WB * HBl )
-(20000* HFl ) ;
14 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t duty : %. 1 e Btu / h r \n ” , QR ) ;
15 Q = QR /153;
16 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t duty : %. 2 e l b / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
17 // end
Scilab code Exa 15.7 Distillation of a Binary Mixture
book \n ” ) ;
3
4 // B a s i s : One h o u r
5 // 20000=WD+WB , m a t e r i a l b a l a n c e
6 // 0 . 9 9 ∗WD+ ( 0 . 0 5 ∗WB) = ( 2 0 0 0 0 ∗ 0 . 5 ) , Benzene b a l a n c e
7 // s o l v i n g a b o v e two eq . we g e t WD and WB
8 WD =9570; // l b / h r
9 WB =10430; // l b / h r
10
202
11 // C o m p o s i t i o n s and B o i l i n g P o i n t s
12 // Feed
13 l1 = 10000; // Lb/ h r , C6H4
14 l2 = 10000; // Lb/ h r , C7H8
15 lb = l1 + l2 ; // Lb/ h r
16 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l Lb/ h r i s %. 0 f \n ” , lb ) ;
17 mo1 = 78.1; // Mol . wt . , C6H6
18 mo2 = 93.1; // Mol . wt , C7H8
19 mh1 = 128.0; // Mol / h r , C6H6
20 mh2 = 107.5; // Mol / h r , C7H8
21 mh = mh1 + mh2 ; // Mol / h r
22 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l Mol / h r i s %. 1 f \n ” , mh ) ;
23 x1 = mh1 / mh ;
24 printf ( ” \ t x 1 o f C6H6 i s %. 3 f \n ” , x1 ) ;
25 x2 = mh2 / mh ;
26 printf ( ” \ t x 1 o f C7H8 i s %. 3 f \n ” , x2 ) ;
27 x = x1 + x2 ;
28 printf ( ” \ t T o t a l x1 i s %. 3 f \n ” ,x ) ;
29 Pp1 = 1380; // 214 F
30 Pp2 =575; // 214 F
31 xp1 = x1 * Pp1 ;
32 printf ( ” \ tx1Pp1 o f C6H6 i s %. 0 f \n ” , xp1 ) ;
33 xp2 = x2 * Pp2 ;
34 printf ( ” \ tx1Pp1 o f C7H8 i s %. 0 f \n ” , xp2 ) ;
35 sxp = xp1 + xp2 ;
36 printf ( ” \ t T o t a l x1Pp1 i s %. 0 f \n ” , sxp ) ;
37 y1 = xp1 / sxp ;
38 printf ( ” \ t y 1 o f C6H6 i s %. 3 f \n ” , y1 ) ;
39 y2 = xp2 / sxp ;
40 printf ( ” \ t y 1 o f C7H8 i s %. 3 f \n ” , y2 ) ;
41 y = y1 + y2 ;
42 printf ( ” \ t T o t a l y1 i s %. 3 f \n ” ,y ) ;
43
44
45 w1 = 0.558; // from eq 1 5 . 4 2
46 printf ( ” \ t (WR‘ /V =((xD − yF ) / . ( xD − xF ) ) ) = %. 3 f m o l /
mol \n ” , w1 ) ;
47 wD =1;
203
48 xD = 0.992;
49 //V = WR’ + WD
50 // WR’ /V = 0 . 5 5 8
51 // S o l v i n g , WR’ = (WR’ ∗ 0 . 5 5 8 ) + ( 0 . 5 5 8 ∗ WD)
52 Wr = 1.27; // mol r e f l u x / mol d i s t i l l a t e
53 printf ( ” \tWR‘ = %. 2 f ( mol r e f l u x ) / ( mol d i s t i l l a t e ) \n
” , Wr ) ;
54 Wr1 = Wr * 2; // mol / mol d i s t i l l a t e
55 printf ( ” \ tAssumed 200 p e r c e n t o f t h e theoretical
minimum r e f l u x a s e c o n o m i c \n\tWR = %. 2 f ( mol ) / ( m i l
d i s t i l l a t e ) \n ” , Wr1 ) ;
56 in = ( wD * xD ) /( Wr1 + 1) ; // i n t e r c e p t f o r t h e u p p e r
operating line
57 printf ( ” \ tThe i n t e r c e p t f o r t h e u p p e r o p e r a t i n g l i n e
= %. 3 f \n ” , in ) ;
58 p = 13; // From f i g . 1 5 . 2 3 , c o n n e c t i n g t h e
corresponding l i n e s
59 printf ( ” \ t C o n n e c t i n g t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g l i n e i n F i g .
1 5 . 2 3 , p l a t e s r e q u i r e d : %. 0 f \n ” ,p ) ;
60 fp = 7; // From f i g . 1 5 . 2 3 , c o n n e c t i n g t h e
corresponding l i n e s
61 printf ( ” \ t F e e d p l a t e i s %. 0 f t h ( from t o p ) \n ” , fp ) ;
62 d =122.5;
63 tf = Wr1 * d ;
64 printf ( ” \ t T o t a l r e f l u x i s %. 1 f \n ” , tf ) ;
65 printf ( ” \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t H e a t b a l a n c e s ” ) ;
66
67 // Heat B a l a n c e s
68 l1 = 33900;
69 l2 = 9570;
70 l3 = 24330;
71 b1 = 253.8;
72 b2 = 85.8;
73 b3 = 85.8;
74 bt1 = b1 * l1 ;
75 bt2 = b2 * l2 ;
76 bt3 = b3 * l3 ;
77 bt4 = 5688000;
204
78 printf ( ” \n\ t \ t \ t \ tMol / h r \ tMol . wt . \ tLb / h r \tTemp , F \
tBtu / l b \ tBtu / h r \n\
t
\n\ t H e a t b a l a n c e \n\ t a r o u n d c o n d e n s e r : \ n ” ) ;
79 printf ( ” \ t Heat i n : \ n\ t Top p l a t e v a p o r . . . . . . . 4 3 3 \
t 8 7 . 3 \ t% . 0 f \ t 1 9 5 \t% . 1 f \t% . 0 f \n ” ,l1 , b1 , bt1 ) ;
80 printf ( ” \ t Heat o u t : \ n\ t D i s t i l l a t e . . . . . . . . . . . . ”);
81 printf ( ” 1 2 2 . 5 \ t 7 8 . 3 \ t% . 0 f \ t 1 9 5 \t% . 1 f \t% . 0 f \n ” ,l2 , b2 ,
bt2 ) ;
82 printf ( ” \ t R e f l u x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” ) ;
83 printf ( ” 3 1 0 . 5 \ t 7 8 . 3 \ t% . 0 f \ t 1 9 5 \t% . 1 f \t% . 0 f \n ” ,l3 , b3 ,
bt3 ) ;
84 printf ( ” \ t C o n d e n s e r duty , by \n\ t difference
........... ..... .... ...... . . ”);
85 printf ( ” . ..... 5688000\ n”);
86 printf ( ” \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \n\ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \
t 8 6 0 0 0 0 0 \n\n ” ) ;
87
88 lam = 153; // At 246 F , Btu / h r
89 rv = 5800000/153; // Lb/ h r
90 printf ( ” \ t R e b o i l e r v a p o r i s %. 2 e l b / h r \n ” , rv ) ;
91 to = rv + 10430; // Lb/ h r
92 printf ( ” \ t T r a p o u t i s %. 3 e l b / h r \n ” , to ) ;
93
94 printf ( ” \n\ t \ t \ t \ tMol / h r \ tMol . wt . \ tLb / h r \tTemp , F\
tBtu / l b \ tBtu / h r \n\
t
\n ” ) ;
95 printf ( ” \ t H e a t i n : \ n\ t Trapout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2 2 \
t 9 2 . 8 \ t% . 0 f \ t 2 4 6 \ t 1 0 8 . 0 \ t 5 2 3 0 0 0 0 \n ” , to ) ;
96 printf ( ” \ t R e b o i l e r duty , \n\ t by d i f f e r e n c e
....... .... .... ..... ... .....
5800000\ n”);
97 printf ( ” \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \n\ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \
t 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 \n\n ” ) ;
98 printf ( ” \n\ t R e b o i l e r r e q u i r e m e n t s a r e \n ” ) ;
99 printf ( ” \ t \ t T o t a l l i q u i d t o r e b o i l e r \ t 4 8 3 3 0 l b / h r \n\
t \ t V a p o r i z a t i o n \ t \ t \ t 3 7 9 0 0 l b / h r \n\ t \ t T e m p e r a t u r e
205
( n e a r l y i s o t h e r m a l ) \ t 2 4 6 F \n\ t \ t P r e s s u r e \ t \ t \ t 5
p s i g \n\ t \ t H e a t l o a d \ t \ t \ t 5 8 0 0 0 0 0 Btu / h r \n ” )
100 // end
Scilab code Exa 15.8 The Reboiler Duty for a Multicomponent Mixture
book \n ” ) ;
3 //Dew p o i n t o f Overhead
4 vc (1) = 6.4; // Mol / h r
5 vc (2) = 219.7; // Mol / h r
6 vc (3) = 2.3; // Mol / h r
7
8 K (1) = 2.8; // a t 148 F and 40 p s i a
9 K (2) = 1.01; // a t 148 F and 40 p s i a
10 K (3) = 0.34; // a t 148 F and 40 p s i a
11
12 i =1;
13 while (i <4)
14 v ( i ) = vc ( i ) / K ( i ) ;
15 i = i +1;
16 end
17
18 printf ( ” \n\ t \tDEW POINT OF OVERHEAD” ) ;
19 printf ( ” \n\ t \ tMol / h r \ t \tK ( 1 4 8 F , 4 0 p s i a ) \tV /K\n ” ) ;
20 printf ( ” \ t \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−\n ” ) ;
21 i =1;
22 while (i <4)
23 printf ( ” \ tC ” + string ( i +3) + ” \t% . 1 f \ t \t% . 1 f \ t \ t \
t% . 1 f \n ” , vc ( i ) ,K ( i ) ,v ( i ) ) ;
24 i = i +1
25 end
26
206
27
28 bc (1) =4.1; // Mol / h r
29 bc (2) =49.3; // Mol / h r
30 bc (3) =71.9; // Mol / h r
31 bc (4) =52.5; // Mol / h r
32 bc (5) =54.7; // Mol / h r
33 bc (6) =82.5; // Mol / h r
34 bc (7) =76.6; // Mol / h r
35 bc (8) =22.4; // Mol / h r
36 tbc = 0;
37 i =1;
38 while (i <9)
39 tbc = tbc + bc ( i ) ;
40 i = i +1;
41 end
42
43 bK (1) =5.8; // a t 330 F , 40 p s i a
44 bK (2) =3.0; // a t 330 F , 40 p s i a
45 bK (3) =1.68; // a t 330 F , 40 p s i a
46 bK (4) =0.98; // a t 330 F , 40 p s i a
47 bK (5) =0.57; // a t 330 F , 40 p s i a
48 bK (6) =0.35; // a t 330 F , 40 p s i a
49 bK (7) =0.21; // a t 330 F , 40 p s i a
50 bK (8) =0.13; // a t 330 F , 40 p s i a
51
52 KL (1) =23.8;
53 KL (2) =148.0;
54 KL (3) =120.8;
55 KL (4) =51.4;
56 KL (5) =31.2;
57 KL (6) =28.9;
58 KL (7) =16.1;
59 KL (8) =2.9;
60 tk =0;
61 i =1;
62 while (i <9)
63 tk = tk + KL ( i ) ;
64 i = i +1;
207
65 end
66
67 l (1) =1700; // Lb/ h r
68 l (2) =13900; // Lb/ h r
69 l (3) =13030; // Lb/ h r
70 l (4) =6260; // Lb/ h r
71 l (5) =4240; // Lb/ h r
72 l (6) =4330; // Lb/ h r
73 l (7) =2640; // Lb/ h r
74 l (8) =520; // Lb/ h r
75
76 tl =0;
77 i =1;
78 while (i <9)
79 tl = tl + l ( i ) ;
80 i = i +1;
81 end
82
83 printf ( ” \n\ t \tBUBBLE POINTS OF BOTTOMS\n ” ) ;
84 printf ( ” \ t \ tMol / h r \ t \tK ( 3 3 0 F , 4 0 p s i a ) \ t \tKL\ t \ tLb /
h r \n ” ) ;
85 printf ( ” \ t \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−\
n”);
86 i =1;
87 while (i <9)
88 printf ( ” \ tC ” + string ( i +4) + ” \t% . 1 f \ t \t% . 2 f \ t \ t \t%
. 1 f \ t \t% . 0 f \n ” , bc ( i ) , bK ( i ) , KL ( i ) ,l ( i ) ) ;
89 i = i +1;
90 end
91 printf ( ” \ t \ t \t\t\t\t\ t \t\ t \n ” ) ;
92 printf ( ” \ t \t% . 1 f \ t \ t \ t \ t \t% . 1 f \ t \t% . 0 f \n ” ,tbc , tk , tl )
;
93 av = tl / tk ;
94 printf ( ” \ t A v e r a g e mol . wt . %. 1 f \n ” , av ) ;
95
96 lh (1) =48894; // Lb/ h r
97 lh (2) =16298; // Lb/ h r
208
98 lh (3) =32596; // Lb/ h r
99 bl (1) =286; // Btu / h r
100 bl (2) =129; // Btu / h r
101 bl (3) =129; // Btu / h r
102 i =1;
103 while (i <4)
104 bh ( i ) = lh ( i ) * bl ( i ) ; // Btu / h r
105 i = i +1;
106 end
107
108 // Heat B a l a n c e s
109 printf ( ” \n\n\ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \tHEAT BALANCES : ” ) ;
110 printf ( ” \n\ t \ t \ t \ tMol / h r \ t \ tMol . wt . \ t \ tLb / h r \ t \tTemp
, F \ t \ tBtu / l b \ t \ tBtu / h r \n\ t ” ) ;
111 printf ( ” \ t \ t \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
”);
112 printf ( ” \n\ t H e a t B a l a n c e o n C o n d e s e r \n\ t Heat i n : \ n\
t Top p l a t e v a p o r . . . . . . ” ) ;
113 printf ( ” 6 8 5 . 2 \ t \ t 7 1 . 3 \ t \ t ” + string ( lh (1) ) + ” \ t \
t 1 4 8 \ t \ t ” + string ( bl (1) ) + ” \ t \ t ” + string ( bh (1) )
+ ” \n ” ) ;
114 printf ( ” \ t Heat o u t : \ n\ t D i s t i l l a t e . . . . . . . . . . . ”);
+ ” \n ” ) ;
116 printf ( ” \ t R e f l u x , (2 −1) . . . . . . . . ” ) ;
+ ” \n ” ) ;
118 printf ( ” \ t C o n d e n s e r duty , by \n\ t difference
. . . . . . . . . ”);
119 printf ( ” . . . . . \ t \ t . . . . . \ t \ t . . . . . \ t \ t . . . . . \ t \ t . . . . . . \ t
\ t 7 6 8 0 0 0 0 \n ” ) ;
120 printf ( ” \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \n ” ) ;
121 printf ( ” \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t ” + string ( bh (1) ) +
” \n ” ) ;
122 // Heat B a l a n c e s on r e b o i l e r
209
123 // Assume 30 d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n r e b o i l e r and bottom
p l a t e g i v i n g bottom−p l a t e t e m p e r a t u r e o f 300 F
124 // Mol / h r from Eq . 1 5 . 4 7
125 rl (1) =78177; // Lb/ h r
126 rl (2) =22700; // Lb/ h r
127 rl (3) =55477; // Lb/ h r
128 rb (1) =234; // Btu / l b
129 rb (2) =369; // Btu / l b
130 rb (3) =256; // Btu / l b
131
132 i =1;
133 while (i <4)
134 rr ( i ) = rl ( i ) * rb ( i ) ; // Btu / h r
135 i = i +1;
136 end
137 tt = rr (1) +4280000; // Btu / h r
138 printf ( ” \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \tHEAT BALANCES on r e b o i l e r : ” ) ;
139 printf ( ” \n\ t H e a t i n : \ n\ t Trapout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” ) ;
140 printf ( ” 6 1 9 . 7 \ t \ t 1 2 6 . 6 \ t \ t ” + string ( rl (1) ) + ” \ t \ t 3 0 0 \ t
\ t ” + string ( rb (1) ) + ” \ t \t% . 2 e \n ” , rr (1) ) ;
141 printf ( ” \ t R e b o i l e r duty . . . . . . . . ” ) ;
142 printf ( ” . . . . . \ t \ t . . . . . \ t \ t . . . . . . \ t \ t . . . \ t \ t . . . \ t \
t 4 2 8 0 0 0 0 \n ” ) ;
144 printf ( ” \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \t% . 3 e ” , tt ) ;
145 printf ( ” \n\ t H e a t o u t : \ n\ t R e b o i l e r vapor . . . . . . . . ”);
147 printf ( ” \ t R e b o i l e r vapor . . . . . . . . ”);
150 printf ( ” \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \ t \t% . 3 e ” , rr (2) + rr
(3) ) ;
151
152 // y ∗
153 pc (1) =0.056;
154 pc (2) =0.350;
210
155 pc (3) =0.285;
156 pc (4) =0.122;
157 pc (5) =0.074;
158 pc (6) =0.068;
159 pc (7) =0.038;
160 pc (8) =0.007;
161
162 //K( 3 0 0 F , 4 0 p s i a )
163 pK (1) =4.5;
164 pK (2) =2.25;
165 pK (3) =1.20;
166 pK (4) =0.66;
167 pK (5) =0.38;
168 pK (6) =0.22;
169 pK (7) =0.13;
170 pK (8) =0.07;
171
172 printf ( ” \n\n\ t \tCALCULATION OF BOTTOM PLATE
TEMPERATURE\n ” ) ;
173 printf ( ” \ t \ t y ∗\ t \ t \ t R e b o i l e r v a p o r \ t \ t \ t \tK ( 3 0 0 F
, 4 0 p s i a ) \ tMol ∗K\n\ t \ t \ t \tV = y ∗ 2 0 5 . 7 +\t B o t t o m s \ t
=\ t T r a p o u t \n ” ) ;
174 printf ( ” \ t \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
n”);
175
176 i =1;
177 pcs =0;
178 pc2 =0;
179 bcs =0;
180 tcs =0;
181 gg =0;
182 while (i <9)
183 temp = pc ( i ) *205.7;
184 temp2 = temp + bc ( i ) ;
185 printf ( ” \ tC ” + string ( i +4) + ” \ t ” + string ( pc ( i ) ) +
” \ t \t% . 1 f \ t \ t ” + string ( bc ( i ) ) + ” \ t \t% . 1 f \ t \ t ”
+ string ( pK ( i ) ) + ” \ t \t% . 2 f \n ” , temp , temp2 , temp2 *
211
pK ( i ) ) ;
186
187 pcs = pcs + pc ( i ) ;
188 pc2 = pc2 + temp ;
189 bcs = bcs + bc ( i ) ;
190 tcs = tcs + temp2 ;
191 gg = gg +( temp2 * pK ( i ) ) ;
192 i = i +1;
193 end
194 printf ( ” \ t \ t
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
n”);
195 printf ( ” \ t \t% . 3 f \ t \t% . 1 f \ t \t% . 1 f \ t \t% . 1 f \ t \ t \ t \t% . 1 f
\n ” ,pcs , pc2 , bcs , tcs , gg ) ;
196 printf ( ” \n\ t R e b o i l e r r e q u i r e m e n t s a r e \n ” ) ;
197 printf ( ” \ t \ t V a p o r i z a t i o n \ t \ t \ t 2 2 7 0 0 l b / h r \n\ t \ t T o t a l
l i q u o r t o r e b o i l e r \ t 7 8 1 7 7 l b / h r \n\ t \ t H e a t l o a d \ t
\ t \ t 4 2 8 0 0 0 0 Btu / h r \n\ t \ t T e m p e r a t u r e r a n g e \ t \ t 3 0 0
−330 F \n\ t \ t O p e r a t i n g p r e s s u r e \ t \ t 4 0 p s i a ” )
198 // end
212
Chapter 16
Extended Surfaces
Scilab code Exa 16.1 Calculation of the Fin Efficiency and a Weighted
Efficiency Curve
book \n ” ) ;
3 Af =(20*0.75*12*2) /(144) ;
4 Ao =((3.14*1.25) -(20*0.035) ) *(12/144) ;
5 printf ( ” \ t f i n s u r f a c e i s : %. 1 f f t ˆ2/ l i n f t \n ” , Af )
;
6 printf ( ” \ t b a r e t u b e s u r f a c e i s : %. 3 f f t ˆ2/ l i n f t \
n ” , Ao ) ;
7 A =( Af + Ao ) ;
8 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l o u t s i d e s u r f a c e : %. 2 f f t ˆ2/ l i n f t
\n ” ,A ) ;
9 Ai =(3.14*1.06*12) /(144) ;
10 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l i n s i d e s u r f a c e : %. 3 f f t ˆ2/ l i n f t \
n ” , Ai ) ;
11 printf ( ” \ t f i n e f f i c i e n c i e s \n ” ) ;
12 b =0.0625; // f t
13 hf =4; // from t a b l e i n s o l u t i o n
14 m =(5.24*( hf ^(1/2) ) ) ; // m=(( h f ∗P) / ( Kax ) ) ˆ ( 1 / 2 ) , eq
16.8
213
15 n =( tanh ( m * b ) ) /( m * b ) ; // e f f i c i e n c y , eq 1 6 . 2 6
16 printf ( ” \n h f m n \n ” + string ( hf ) + ” ”
+ string ( m ) + ” ” + string ( n ) + ” \n ” ) ;
17 // s i m i l a r l y e f f i c i e n c i e s v a l u e s a r e c a l c u l a t e d a t
d i f f e r e n t hf values
18 printf ( ” \ t w e i g h t e d e f f i c i e n c y c u r v e \n ” ) ;
19 hfi =(( n * Af ) +( Ao ) ) *( hf / Ai ) ; // eq 1 6 . 3 4
20 printf ( ” \n h f h f i \n ” + string ( hf ) + ” ”+
string ( hfi ) + ” \n ” ) ;
21 // s i m i l a r l y e f f i c i e n c i e s v a l u e s a r e c a l c u l a t e d a t
d i f f e r e n t hf values
22 hf =[4 16 36 100 400 625 900]; // from 2 nd t a b l e i n
the s o l u t i o n
23 hfi =[35.4 110.8 193.5 370 935 1295 1700]; // from 2
nd t a b l e i n t h e s o l u t i o n
24 plot2d ( ” o l l ” ,hf , hfi ) ;
25 xtitle ( ” w e i g h t e d f i n e f f i c i e n c y c u r v e ” ,” h e a t
t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t t o f i n , Btu / ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( h r ) ” ,”
c o e f f i c i e n t h f r e f e r r e d t o t h e t u b e ID ” ) ;
26 // end
Scilab code Exa 16.2 Calculation of a Heat transfer Curve from Experi-
mental Data
book \n ” ) ;
3 Ts =302; // F
4 t1 =151;
5 t2 =185;
6 w =15200; // l b / h r
7 // The d r o p w i s e c o n d e n s a t i o n o f steam was promoted
with o i l .
8 aa =(3.14*(3.068^2 -1.25^2) ) /(4*144) -((20*0.035*0.75)
/(144) ) ;
214
9 printf ( ” \ t a n n u l u s f l o w a r e a : %. 4 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , aa ) ;
10 p =(3.14*(1.25/12) ) -(20*0.035/12) +(20*0.75*2/12) ;
11 printf ( ” \ t w e t t e d p e r i m e t e r : %. 2 f f t \n ” ,p ) ;
12 De =(4* aa / p ) ;
13 printf ( ” \ t e q u i v a l e n t d i a m e t e r : %. 3 f f t \n ” , De ) ;
14 Q = w *0.523*( t2 - t1 ) ;
15 printf ( ” \ t h e a t l o a d : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
16 delt1 = Ts - t1 ; //F
17 delt2 = Ts - t2 ; // F
22 Ai =0.277; // f t ˆ2/ f t
23 n =20; // number o f f i n s
24 Ui =( Q /( Ai * n * LMTD ) ) ;
25 printf ( ” \ t Ui : %. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Ui ) ;
26 hi =3000; // assumed v a l u e f o r d r o p w i s e c o n d e n s a t i o n
o f steam
27 hfi =( Ui * hi ) /( hi - Ui ) ;
28 printf ( ” \ t h f i : %. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hfi ) ;
29 hf =120; // from f i g 1 6 . 7 f o r h f i =418
30 mu =1.94; // l b / ( f t ∗ h r )
31 k =0.079;
32 Z =2.34; // Z=(( c ∗mu) / k ) ˆ ( 1 / 3 )
33 jf =( hf * De /( Z * k ) ) ; // eq 1 6 . 3 6
34 printf ( ” \ t j f : %. 0 f \n ” , jf ) ;
35 Ga =( w / aa ) ;
36 printf ( ” \ t Ga : %. 2 e l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) \n ” , Ga ) ;
37 Rea =( De * Ga / mu ) ;
38 printf ( ” \ t Rea : %. 2 e \n ” , Rea ) ;
39 // end
Scilab code Exa 16.3 Calculation of a Double Pipe Extended surface Gas
Oil Cooler
215
book \n ” ) ;
7 W =18000; // l b / h r
8 w =11950; // l b / h r
9 printf ( ” \ t 1 . f o r h e a t b a l a n c e \n ” )
10 C =0.53; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
11 Q =(( W ) *( C ) *( T1 - T2 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
13 c =1; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
14 Q =(( w ) *( c ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
16 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
17 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
22 X =(( delt1 ) /( delt2 ) ) ;
i s : %. 2 f \n ” ,X ) ;
24 Fc =0.47; // from f i g . 1 7
25 Kc =0.27;
hot f l u i d , F
f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
cold fluid ,F
. 0 f F \n ” , tc ) ;
30 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : s h e l l s i d e , g a s o i l \n ” ) ;
216
31 ID =3.068; // i n , t a b l e 11
32 OD =1.9; // i n , t a b l e 11
33 af =0.0175; // f i n c r o s s s e c t i o n , t a b l e 10
34 aa =((3.14* ID ^2/(4) ) -(3.14* OD ^2/(4) ) -(24* af ) ) /(144) ;
36 p =(3.14*( OD ) ) -(24*0.035) +(24*0.5*2) ;
37 printf ( ” \ t w e t t e d p e r i m e t e r : %. 2 f i n \n ” ,p ) ;
38 De =(4* aa *12/( p ) ) ;
39 printf ( ” \ t De : %. 4 f f t \n ” , De ) ;
” , Ga ) ;
45 jf =18.4; // from f i g . 1 6 . 1 0
46 Z =0.25; // Z=k ∗ ( ( c ) ∗ ( mu1 ) / k ) ˆ ( 1 / 3 ) , f i g 16
47 Hf =(( jf ) *(1/ De ) *( Z ) ) ; // Hf=( h f / phya ) , u s i n g eq . 6 . 1 5 ,
Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
%. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Hf ) ;
50 D =0.134; // f t
51 row =62.5;
52 at =(3.14* D ^2/(4) ) ;
” , Gt ) ;
56 V =( Gt /(3600* row ) ) ;
58 mu2 =0.72*2.42; // a t 99F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
61 hi =(970*0.82) ; // f i g 25
62 printf ( ” \ t h i : %. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hi ) ;
63 printf ( ” \ t c a l c u l a t i o n o f t f w \n ” ) ;
64 // Tc−t f w =40F a s s u m p t i o n from f i g 14
217
65 tfw =184;
66 mufw =3.5; // cp , a t 184F
67 phya =(2.5/ mufw ) ^0.14;
68 printf ( ” \ t phya i s : %. 2 f \n ” , phya ) ; // from f i g . 2 4
69 hf =( Hf ) *( phya ) ; // from eq . 6 . 3 6
70 printf ( ” \ t C o r r e c t h f t o t h e s u r f a c e a t t h e OD i s :
%. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hf ) ;
71 Rdo =0.002;
72 Rf =(1/ hf ) ;
73 printf ( ” \ t Rf : %. 4 f \n ” , Rf ) ;
74 hf1 =(1/( Rdo + Rf ) ) ; // eq 1 6 . 3 7
75 printf ( ” \ t h f 1 : %. 1 f \n ” , hf1 ) ;
76 hfi1 =255; // f i g 1 6 . 9
77 hfi2 =( hf1 *5.76) ; // eq 1 6 . 3 8 and f i g 1 6 . 9 , ( ( Af+Ao ) / (
Ai ) ) =5.76 from p r e v i o u s prblm
78 printf ( ” \ t h f i 2 : %. 0 f \n ” , hfi2 ) ;
79 Rmetal =( hfi2 - hfi1 ) /( hfi2 * hfi1 ) ; // eq 1 6 . 3 9
80 printf ( ” \ t Rmetal : %. 5 f \n ” , Rmetal ) ;
81 phyt =1; // f o r c o o l i n g w a t e r
82 Rdi =0.003;
83 Ri =(1/ hi ) ;
84 printf ( ” \ t Ri : %. 5 f \n ” , Ri ) ;
85 hi1 =(1/( Rdi + Ri ) ) ; // eq 1 6 . 4 0
86 printf ( ” \ t h i 1 : %. 1 f \n ” , hi1 ) ;
87 UDi =( hi1 * hfi1 ) /( hi1 + hfi1 ) ; // eq 1 6 . 4 1
88 printf ( ” \ t UDi : %. 0 f \n ” , UDi ) ;
89 // To o b t a i n t h e t r u e f l u x t h e h e a t l o a d must be
d i v i d e d by t h e a c t u a l h e a t − t r a n s f e r s u r f a c e . For a
1}2− i n . IPS p i p e t h e r e a r e 0 . 4 2 2 f t 2 / l i n f o o t ,
from t a b l e 11
90 // t r i a l
91 Ai =( Q /( UDi * LMTD ) ) ; // LMTD=d e l t
92 printf ( ” \ t Ai : %. 1 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , Ai ) ;
93 L =( Ai /0.422) ;
94 printf ( ” \ t l e n g t h o f p i p e r e q u i r e d : %. 1 f l i n f t \n ”
,L ) ;
95 // Use two 20− f t h a i r p i n s = 80 l i n f t
96 Ai1 =(80*0.422) ; // f t ˆ2
218
97 r =( Q / Ai1 ) ;
98 printf ( ” \ t Q/ Ai1 : %. 2 e Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) \n ” ,r ) ;
99 deltf =( r / hfi2 ) ;
100 deltdo =( r * Rdo /5.76) ;
101 printf ( ” \ t a n n u l u s f i l m : %. 1 f \n ” , deltf ) ;
102 printf ( ” \ t a n n u l u s d i r t : %. 1 f \n ” , deltdo ) ;
103 d = deltf + deltdo ; // d=Tc−t f w
104 deltmetal =( r * Rmetal ) ;
105 deltdi =( r * Rdi ) ;
106 delti =( r / hi ) ;
107 printf ( ” \ t Tc−t f w : %. 1 f \n ” ,d ) ;
108 printf ( ” \ t f i n and t u b e m e t a l : %. 1 f \n ” , deltmetal ) ;
109 printf ( ” \ t t u b e s i d e d i r t : %. 1 f \n ” , deltdi ) ;
110 printf ( ” \ t t u b e s i d e f i l m : %. 1 f \n ” , delti ) ;
111 Td = deltf + deltdo + deltmetal + deltdi + delti ;
112 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l t e m p e r a t u r e d r o p : %. 1 f F \n ” , Td ) ;
114 De1 =0.0359; // f t
115 Rea1 =( De1 * Ga / mu1 ) ;
116 printf ( ” \ t r e y n o l d s number : %. 2 e \n ” , Rea1 ) ;
117 f =0.00036; // f i g 1 6 . 1 0
118 s =0.82; // u s i n g f i g . 6
119 delPs =(( f *( Ga ^2) *(80) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( De1 ) *( s ) *( phya
) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 4 , p s i
65000 , using f i g .26
124 s =1;
125 delPt =(( f *( Gt ^2) *(80) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *(0.134) *( s ) *(1)
) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 5 , p s i
128 // end
219
Scilab code Exa 16.4 Calculation of a Longitudinal Fin Shell and tube
Exchanger
book \n ” ) ;
7 W =30000; // l b / h r
8 w =50500; // l b / h r
10 C =0.225; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
11 Q =(( W ) *( C ) *( T1 - T2 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
12 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r oxygwn i s : %. 2 e
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
13 c =1; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
14 Q =(( w ) *( c ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
16 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
17 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
22 R =(( T1 - T2 ) /( t2 - t1 ) ) ;
23 printf ( ” \ t R i s : %. 1 f \n ” ,R ) ;
24 S =(( t2 - t1 ) /( T1 - t1 ) ) ;
25 printf ( ” \ t S i s : %. 4 f \n ” ,S ) ;
27 delt =(0.87* LMTD ) ; // F
220
29 Tc =( T2 + T1 ) /(2) ; // c a l o r i c temperature o f hot f l u i d ,
F
f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
fluid ,F
. 0 f F \n ” , tc ) ;
33 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : s h e l l s i d e , o x y g e n \n ” ) ;
34 ID =19.25; // i n , t a b l e 11
35 OD =1; // i n , t a b l e 11
36 as =((3.14* ID ^2/(4) ) -(70*3.14* OD ^2/(4) )
-(70*20*0.035*0.5) ) /(144) ;
38 p =(70*3.14*( OD ) ) -(70*20*0.035) +(70*20*0.5*2) ;
39 printf ( ” \ t w e t t e d p e r i m e t e r : %. 2 e i n \n ” ,p ) ;
40 De =(4* as *12/( p ) ) ;
” , Gs ) ;
47 jH =59.5; // from f i g . 1 6 . 1 0 a
48 k =0.0175;
49 Z =0.89; // Z=(( c ) ∗ ( mu1 ) / k ) ˆ ( 1 / 3 ) , f i g
50 hf =(( jH ) *( k / De ) *( Z ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 6 . 1 5 , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t
ˆ2) ∗(F)
%. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hf ) ;
52 Rdo =0.003;
53 hdo =(1/ Rdo ) ;
54 hf1 =( hdo * hf ) /( hdo + hf ) ; // eq 1 6 . 3 7
55 printf ( ” \ t h f 1 : %. 1 f \n ” , hf1 ) ;
56 hfi1 =142; // f i g 1 6 . 9
58 at1 =0.479; // t a b l e 10
221
59 L =16;
60 Nt =70;
61 n =4;
.7.48
64 D =0.0652; // f t
65 row =62.5;
” , Gt ) ;
68 V =( Gt /(3600* row ) ) ;
70 mu2 =1.94; // a t 90F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
73 hi =(940*0.96) ; // f i g 25
75 Rdi =0.003;
76 hdi =(1/ Rdi ) ;
77 hi1 =( hdi * hi ) /( hdi + hi ) ;
78 printf ( ” \ t h i 1 : %. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hi1 ) ;
79 UDi =(( hfi1 ) *( hi1 ) /( hi1 + hfi1 ) ) ; // eq 1 6 . 4 1 , Btu / ( h r )
∗( f t ˆ2) ∗(F)
80 printf ( ” \ t o v e r a l l c o e f f i c i e n t i s : %. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ (
f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UDi ) ;
82 A =( Nt * L * A2 ) ; // f t ˆ2
84 UDi1 =(( Q ) /(( A ) *( delt ) ) ) ;
/ ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UDi1 ) ;
86 Re =(1/ UDi1 ) -(1/ UDi ) ;
87 printf ( ” \ t e x c e s s f o u l i n g f a c t o r : %. 5 f \n ” , Re ) ;
88 Ro =9.27; // Adding t o t h e o u t s i d e f o u l i n g f a c t o r
89 Rdo1 = Rdo +( Re * Ro ) ;
90 printf ( ” \ t Rdo : %. 4 f \n ” , Rdo1 ) ;
222
91 hf2 =( hf /(1+( hf * Rdo1 ) ) ) ;
92 printf ( ” \ t h f 2 : %. 1 f \n ” , hf2 ) ;
93 hfi2 =113;
94 UDi2 =(( hfi2 ) *( hi1 ) /( hi1 + hfi2 ) ) ; // eq 1 6 . 4 1 , Btu / ( h r )
∗( f t ˆ2) ∗(F)
f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UDi2 ) ;
97 De1 =0.0433; // f t
98 Res1 =( De1 * Gs / mu1 ) ;
99 printf ( ” \ t r e y n o l d s number : %. 2 e \n ” , Res1 ) ;
100 f =0.00025; // f i g 1 6 . 1 0
101 s =0.00133;
102 delPs =(( f *( Gs ^2) *( L ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( De1 ) *( s ) *(1) ) ) ;
// u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 4 , p s i
29100 , using f i g .26
107 s =1;
108 delPt =(( f *( Gt ^2) *( L ) *( n ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *(0.0625) *( s )
*(1) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 5 , p s i
111 // end
Scilab code Exa 16.5 Calculation of a Transverse fin Air Cooler
book \n ” ) ;
223
7 W =100000; // l b / h r
8 w =31200; // l b / h r
10 C =0.25; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
11 Q =(( W ) *( C ) *( T1 - T2 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
12 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r a i r i s : %. 2 e Btu
/ h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
13 c =1; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
14 Q =(( w ) *( c ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
16 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
17 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
22 R =(( T1 - T2 ) /( t2 - t1 ) ) ;
23 printf ( ” \ t R i s : %. 1 f \n ” ,R ) ;
24 S =(( t2 - t1 ) /( T1 - t1 ) ) ;
25 printf ( ” \ t S i s : %. 4 f \n ” ,S ) ;
27 delt =(0.985* LMTD ) ; // F
29 Tc =( T2 + T1 ) /(2) ; // c a l o r i c t e m p e r a t u r e o f h o t f l u i d ,
F
f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
fluid ,F
. 0 f F \n ” , tc ) ;
33 Af =(3.14*2*8*12*(1.75^2 -1^2) ) /(4) ;
34 Ao =((3.14*1*12) -(3.14*1*8*0.035*12) ) ;
35 printf ( ” \ t f i n s u r f a c e i s : %. 0 f i n ˆ2/ l i n f t \n ” , Af )
;
36 printf ( ” \ t b a r e t u b e s u r f a c e i s : %. 1 f i n ˆ2/ l i n f t \
224
n ” , Ao ) ;
37 A =( Af + Ao ) ;
38 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l o u t s i d e s u r f a c e : %. 1 f f t ˆ2/ l i n f t
\n ” ,A ) ;
39 p =(2*3*2*8*12/8) +(((12) -(8*0.035*12) ) *(2) ) ;
40 printf ( ” \ t p r o j e c t e d p e r i m e t e r : %. 1 f i n / f t \n ” ,p ) ;
41 De =(2* A /(3.14* p *12) ) ; // eq 1 6 . 1 0 4
43 // 21 t u b e s may be f i t i n one : v e r t i c a l bank ( F i g .
1 6 . 1 9 b ) ,20 t u b e s i n a l t e r n a t i n g banks f o r
triangular pitch
44 as =((4^2*12^2) -(21*1*48) -((21) *(2*0.035*3*8*48/8) ) )
/(144) ; // f i g 1 6 . 1 9
45 printf ( ” \ t f l o w a r e a : %. 1 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , as ) ;
46 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : s h e l l s i d e , o x y g e n \n ” ) ;
” , Gs ) ;
52 jf =157; // from f i g . 1 6 . 1 8 a
53 k =0.0183;
54 Z =0.89; // Z=(( c ) ∗ ( mu1 ) / k ) ˆ ( 1 / 3 ) , f i g
55 phys =1;
56 hf =(( jf ) *( k / De ) *( Z ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 6 . 1 5 , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t
ˆ2) ∗(F)
%. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hf ) ;
58 Rdo =0.003;
59 hdo =(1/ Rdo ) ;
60 hf1 =( hdo * hf ) /( hdo + hf ) ; // eq 1 6 . 3 7
61 printf ( ” \ t h f 1 : %. 1 f \n ” , hf1 ) ;
62 hfi1 =142; // f i g 1 6 . 9
64 at1 =0.546; // t a b l e 10
65 L =4;
66 Nt =21;
225
67 n =1;
.7.48
70 D =0.0695; // f t
71 row =62.5;
” , Gt ) ;
74 V =( Gt /(3600* row ) ) ;
76 mu2 =0.895; // a t 170F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
79 hi =(710*0.94) ; // f i g 25
81 Rdi =0.003;
82 hdi =(1/ Rdi ) ;
83 hi1 =( hdi * hi ) /( hdi + hi ) ; // 1 6 . 4 0
84 printf ( ” \ t h i 1 : %. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hi1 ) ;
85 k1 =60; // t a b l e 3 , f o r b r a s s
86 // yb = 0 . 0 0 1 4 6 f t
87 X =((0.875 -0.5) /12) *(21.5/(60*0.00146) ) ^(1/2) ;
88 printf ( ” \ t X :%. 2 f \n ” ,X ) ;
89 nf =0.91; // from f i g 1 6 . 1 3 a , by c o m p a r i n g X v a l u e
90 Ai =0.218; // f t ˆ2/ f t
91 hfi2 =(( nf * Af /144) +( Ao /144) ) *( hf1 / Ai ) ; // eq 1 6 . 3 4
92 printf ( ” \ t h f i 2 : %. 0 f \n ” , hfi2 ) ;
93 UDi =(( hfi2 ) *( hi1 ) /( hi1 + hfi2 ) ) ; // eq 1 6 . 4 1 , Btu / ( h r )
∗( f t ˆ2) ∗(F)
f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UDi ) ;
95 A =(21*4* Ai ) ; // f t ˆ2
96 printf ( ” \ t i n s i d e s u r f a c e p e r bank i s : %. 1 f f t ˆ2 \n
” ,A ) ;
97 Ai1 =( Q /( UDi * delt ) ) ;
98 printf ( ” \ t Ai1 : %. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , Ai1 ) ;
99 Nb =( Ai1 / A ) ;
226
100 printf ( ” \ t number o f b a n k s : %. 0 f \n ” , Nb ) ;
101 Vn =(4*4*1.95/12) -(41*3.14*1*4/(2*4*144) )
-((41*3.14*0.035*8*4/(144*2*4) ) *(1.75^2 -1^2) ) ; //
f i g 16.19b
102 printf ( ” \ t n e t f r e e volume : %. 2 f f t ˆ3 \n ” , Vn ) ;
103 Af1 =(41*2.34*4/2) ;
104 printf ( ” \ t f r i c t i o n a l s u r f a c e : %. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , Af1 ) ;
106 De1 =(4* Vn / Af1 ) ; // f t
107 printf ( ” \ t De1 : %. 2 f f t \n ” , De1 ) ;
108 Res1 =( De1 * Gs / mu1 ) ;
109 printf ( ” \ t r e y n o l d s number : %. 2 e \n ” , Res1 ) ;
110 f =0.0024; // f i g 1 6 . 1 8 b
111 s =0.000928;
112 Lp =1.95;
113 R1 =0.538; // R1=(De1 /ST ) ˆ ( 0 . 4 )
114 R2 =1; // R2=(SL/ST ) ˆ 0 . 6
115 delPs =(( f *( Gs ^2) *( Lp ) *( R1 ) *( R2 ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *( De1 )
*( s ) *(1) ) ) ;
30400 , using f i g .26
119 s =1;
120 delPt =(( f *( Gt ^2) *( L ) *( Nb ) ) /(5.22*(10^10) *(0.0695) *( s
) *(1) ) ) ; // u s i n g eq . 7 . 4 5 , p s i
122 // end
227
Chapter 17
Cooling Towers
Scilab code Exa 17.1 Calculation of the Enthalpy of Saturated Air
2 pw =0.4298; // p s i a , a t 75F , t a b l e 7
3 pt =14.696; // p s i a
4 t =75;
5 Mw =18;
6 Ma =29;
7 X =( pw /( pt - pw ) ) *( Mw / Ma ) ;
8 printf ( ” \ t h u m i d i t y i s : %. 4 f l b w a t e r / l b a i r \n ” ,X )
;
9 H =( X * t ) +(1051.5* X ) +(0.24* t ) ; // eq 1 7 . 5 4
10 printf ( ” \ t e n t h a l p y a t 75F i s : %. 1 f Btu / l b d r y a i r
\n ” ,H ) ;
11 // end
Scilab code Exa 17.2 Calculation of the Number of Diffusion Units
book \n ” ) ;
228
3 printf ( ” \ t by n u m e r i c a l i n t e g r a t i o n \n ” ) ;
4 T1 =85;
5 T2 =120;
6 A =576; // g r o u n d a r e a , from f i g 1 7 . 1 2
7 L =1500*(500/576) ;
8 G =1400;
9 R =( L / G ) ;
10 printf ( ” \ t R i s : %. 2 f \n ” ,R ) ;
11 H1 =39.1; // f i g 1 7 . 1 2
12 H2 = H1 +( R *( T2 - T1 ) ) ;
13 printf ( ” \ t H2 i s : %. 1 f Btu \n ” , H2 ) ;
14 // The a r e a b e t w e e n t h e s a t u r a t i o n l i n e and t h e
operating l i n e r e p r e s e n t s the p o t e n t i a l f o r heat
transfer
15 // a t T=85F
16 Hs =50; // f i g 1 7 . 1 2
17 d1 =( Hs - H1 ) ;
18 printf ( ” \ t d i f f e r e n c e i s : %. 1 f \n ” , d1 ) ;
19 // a t t =90
20 Hs =56.7; // f i g 1 7 . 1 2
21 H =43.7; // f i g 1 7 . 1 2
22 d2 = Hs - H ;
24 d =( d1 + d2 ) /(2) ;
25 printf ( ” \ t a v e r a g e o f d i f f e r e n c e i s : %. 1 f \n ” ,d ) ;
26 dT =5; // F
27 nd1 =( dT / d ) ;
28 printf ( ” \ t nd1 i s : %. 3 f \n ” , nd1 ) ;
29 // s i m i l a r l y c a l c u l a t i n g nd a t e a c h t e m p e r a t u r e and
a d d i n g them w i l l g i v e you t o t a l nd v a l u e
30 nd =1.70;
31 printf ( ” \ t number o f d i f f u s i n g u n i t s : %. 2 f \n ” , nd ) ;
32 printf ( ” \ t l o g mean e n t h a l p y d i f f e r e n c e \n ” ) ;
33 dt =49.9; // d i f f . o f e n t h a l p i e s a t t o p o f t h e tower ,
from t a b l e i n s o l u t i o n
34 db =10.9; // d i f f o f e n t h a l p i e s a t bottom o f t h e
tower , from t a b l e i n s o l u t i o n
35 LME =( dt - db ) /(2.3* log10 ( dt / db ) ) ;
229
36 printf ( ” \ t l o g mean o f e n t h a l p y : %. 1 f Btu / l b \n ” ,
LME ) ;
37 nd =( T2 - T1 ) /( LME ) ;
38 printf ( ” \ t number o f d i f f u s i n g u n i t s a r e : %. 2 f \n ” ,
nd ) ;
39 // The e r r o r i s n a t u r a l l y l a r g e r t h e g r e a t e r t h e
range
40 // end
Scilab code Exa 17.3 Calculation of the Required Height of Fill
book \n ” ) ;
3 // S i n c e t h e l o a d i n g i s b a s e d on 1 f t 2 o f g r o u n d
area
4 nd =1.7;
5 L =1302;
6 Kxa =115;
7 Z =( nd * L ) /( Kxa ) ;
8 printf ( ” \ t Z i s : %. 1 f f t \n ” ,Z ) ;
9 HDU =( Z / nd ) ;
10 printf ( ” \ t h e i g h t o f d i f f u s i o n u n i t : %. 1 f f f t \n ” ,
HDU ) ;
11 // end
Scilab code Exa 17.4 Determination of a Cooling tower Guarantee
book \n ” ) ;
230
transfer
4 // a t T=79.3F
5 Hs =43.4; // f i g 1 7 . 1 2
6 H =30.4; // f i g 1 7 . 1 2
7 d1 =( Hs - H ) ;
9 // a t t =85
10 Hs =50; // f i g 1 7 . 1 2
11 H =35.7; // f i g 1 7 . 1 2
12 d2 = Hs - H ;
14 d =( d1 + d2 ) /(2) ;
16 dT =(85 -79.3) ; // F
17 nd1 =( dT / d ) ;
20 nd =1.72;
22 // end
Scilab code Exa 17.5 The Recalculation of Cooling tower Performance
book \n ” ) ;
3 T1 =85;
4 T2 =120;
5 R =0.93; // R=(L/G) , f o r 1 5 0 0 gpm
6 printf ( ” \ t f o r 120 p e r c e n t o f d e s i g n \n ” ) ;
7 R1 =1.2* R ;
8 printf ( ” \ t R i s : %. 3 f \n ” , R1 ) ;
231
9 H1 =39.1; // a t 8 7 . 2 F
10 H2 = H1 +( R1 *( T2 - T1 ) ) ;
transfer
13 // a t T=87.2F
14 Hs =53.1; // from t a b l e i n t h e s o l u t i o n
15 d1 =( Hs - H1 ) ;
17 // a t t =90
18 Hs =56.7; // f i g 1 7 . 1 2
19 H =42; // f i g 1 7 . 1 2
20 d2 = Hs - H ;
22 d =( d1 + d2 ) /(2) ;
24 dT =(90 -87.2) ; // F
25 nd1 =( dT / d ) ;
28 nd =1.53;
30 printf ( ” \ t f o r 80 p e r c e n t o f d e s i g n \n ” ) ;
31 R2 =0.8* R ;
32 printf ( ” \ t R i s : %. 3 f \n ” , R2 ) ;
33 H1 =39.1; // a t 8 7 . 2 F
34 H2 = H1 +( R2 *( T2 - T1 ) ) ;
transfer
37 // a t T=82.5F
38 Hs =47.2; // from t a b l e i n t h e s o l u t i o n
39 d1 =( Hs - H1 ) ;
41 // a t t =85
232
42 Hs =50; // f i g 1 7 . 1 2
43 H =40.8; // f i g 1 7 . 1 2
44 d2 = Hs - H ;
46 d =( d1 + d2 ) /(2) ;
48 dT =(85 -82.5) ; // F
49 nd1 =( dT / d ) ;
52 nd =1.92;
54 X =[1.115 0.93 0.74];
55 Y =[1.53 1.70 1.92];
56 plot2d (X ,Y , style =3 , rect =[0.7 ,1.4 ,1.3 ,2]) ;
57 xtitle ( ”KxaV/L v s L/G” ,”L/G” ,” nd ” ) ;
58 printf ( ” \ t t r i a l 1 \n ” ) ;
59 R3 =1.1;
60 printf ( ” \ t R i s : %. 3 f \n ” , R3 ) ;
61 H1 =34.5; // a t 8 7 . 2 F
62 H2 = H1 +( R3 *( T2 - T1 ) ) ;
transfer
65 // a t T=85F
66 Hs =50; // from t a b l e i n t h e s o l u t i o n
67 d1 =( Hs - H1 ) ;
69 // a t t =90
70 Hs =56.7; // f i g 1 7 . 1 2
71 H =40; // f i g 1 7 . 1 2
72 d2 = Hs - H ;
74 d =( d1 + d2 ) /(2) ;
76 dT =(90 -85) ; // F
233
77 nd1 =( dT / d ) ;
80 nd =1.48;
82 R3 =1.19; // from f i g 1 7 . 1 4
83 printf ( ” \ t L/G i s : %. 2 f \n ” , R3 ) ;
84 printf ( ” \ t t r i a l 2 \n ” ) ;
85 R4 =1.2;
86 printf ( ” \ t R4 i s : %. 3 f \n ” , R4 ) ;
87 H1 =34.5; // a t 8 7 . 2 F
88 H2 = H1 +( R4 *( T2 - T1 ) ) ;
transfer
91 // a t T=85F
92 Hs =50; // from t a b l e i n t h e s o l u t i o n
93 d1 =( Hs - H1 ) ;
95 // a t t =90
96 Hs =56.7; // f i g 1 7 . 1 2
97 H =40.5; // f i g 1 7 . 1 2
98 d2 = Hs - H ;
100 d =( d1 + d2 ) /(2) ;
102 dT =(90 -85) ; // F
103 nd1 =( dT / d ) ;
106 nd =1.56;
108 R3 =1.08; // from f i g 1 7 . 1 4
109 printf ( ” \ t L/G i s : %. 2 f \n ” , R3 ) ;
110 // end
234
Scilab code Exa 17.6 Calculation of a Direct contact Gas Cooler
book \n ” ) ;
3 // b a s i s 1 f t ˆ2 g r o u n d a r e a
4 // Assumption : 20 p e r c e n t o f t h e i n i t i a l v a p o r
c o n t e n t o f t h e g a s e n t e r s t h e w a t e r body
5 X1 =(1.69/(14.7 -1.69) ) *(18/29) ;
6 printf ( ” \ t X1 : %. 4 f l b / l b \n ” , X1 ) ;
7 G =1500;
8 w1 = G * X1 ;
9 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l w a t e r i n i n l e t g a s : %. 2 f l b / h r \n ”
, w1 ) ;
10 // The i n l e t g a s i s a t 300F and a 120F dew p o i n t .
Use 0 . 2 5 Btu / ( l b ) ( F ) f o r t h e s p e c i f i c h e a t o f
nitrogen
11 H1 =(0.0807*120) +(0.0807*1025.8)
+(0.45*0.0807*(300 -120) ) +(0.25*300) ; // eq 1 7 . 5 5
12 printf ( ” \ t H1 : %. 0 f Btu / l b d r y a i r \n ” , H1 ) ;
13 X2 =( w1 *(1 -.2) / G ) ;
14 printf ( ” \ t o u t l e t g a s h u m i d i t y : %. 5 f l b / l b \n ” , X2 ) ;
15 pw =( X2 *29*14.7/18) /(1+( X2 *29/18) ) ;
16 printf ( ” \ t pw : %. 3 f p s i a \n ” , pw ) ;
17 Tw =112.9; // F , from t a b l e 7 f o r a b o v e pw
18 // The o u t l e t g a s h a s a t e m p e r a t u r e o f 200 F and a
1 1 2 . 9 F dew p o i n t
19 H2 =( X2 * Tw ) +( X2 *1029.8) +( X2 *0.45*(200 - Tw ) ) +(0.25*200)
; // eq 1 7 . 5 5
20 printf ( ” \ t H2 : %. 1 f Btu / l b d r y a i r \n ” , H2 ) ;
21 q = G *( H1 - H2 ) ;
22 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t l o a d : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” ,q ) ;
23 w2 = q /(120 -85) ;
24 printf ( ” \ t w a t e r l o a d i n g : %. 2 e l b / h r \n ” , w2 ) ;
235
25 printf ( ” \ t i n t e r v a l 1 \n ” ) ;
26 // ( Kxa∗ delV /L )= 0 t 0 0 . 0 5
27 nd =0.05; // nd=Kxa∗V/L
28 Le =0.93; // f i g 1 7 . 4 a t 300F
29 C =(0.25) +(0.45* X1 ) ;
30 printf ( ” \ t C : %. 3 f Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” ,C ) ;
31 haV =( nd * w2 * Le * C ) ;
32 printf ( ” \ t haV : %. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , haV ) ;
33 qc =( haV *(300 -120) ) ;
34 printf ( ” \ t qc : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” , qc ) ;
35 delT =( qc /( C * G ) ) ;
36 printf ( ” \ t d e l T : %. 1 f F \n ” , delT ) ;
37 T1 =(300 - delT ) ;
38 printf ( ” \ t T ( 0 . 0 5 ) : %. 1 f F \n ” , T1 ) ;
39 delt =( qc / w2 ) ;
40 printf ( ” \ t d e l t : %. 2 f F \n ” , delt ) ;
41 t1 =(120 - delt ) ;
42 printf ( ” \ t t ( 0 . 0 5 ) : %. 1 f F \n ” , t1 ) ;
44 // ( Kxa∗ delV /L )= 0 . 0 5 t o 0 . 1 5
45 nd1 =0.1;
46 haV1 =( nd1 * w2 * Le * C ) ;
47 printf ( ” \ t haV1 : %. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , haV1 ) ;
48 qc1 =( haV1 *( T1 - t1 ) ) ;
49 printf ( ” \ t q c 1 : %. 1 e Btu / h r \n ” , qc1 ) ;
50 delT1 =( qc1 /( C * G ) ) ;
51 printf ( ” \ t d e l T 1 : %. 1 f F \n ” , delT1 ) ;
52 T2 =( T1 - delT1 ) ;
53 printf ( ” \ t T ( 0 . 1 5 ) : %. 2 f F \n ” , T2 ) ;
54 X3 =0.0748; // a t 1 1 7 . 6 F
55 w3 =( nd1 * w2 *(0.0807 - X3 ) ) ;
56 printf ( ” \ t w a t e r d i f f u s e d d u r i n g i n t e r v a l : %. 3 f l b /
h r \n ” , w3 ) ;
57 w4 =( w1 - w3 ) ;
58 printf ( ” \ t w a t e r r e m a i n i n g : %. 2 f l b / h r \n ” , w4 ) ;
59 l1 =1027; // Btu / l b , l 1= lamda a t 1 1 7 . 6 F
60 qd =( w3 * l1 ) ;
61 printf ( ” \ t qd : %. 0 f Btu / h r \n ” , qd ) ;
236
62 q1 =( qd + qc1 ) ;
63 printf ( ” \ t q1 : %. 0 f Btu / h r \n ” , q1 ) ;
64 delt1 =( q1 / w2 ) ;
65 printf ( ” \ t d e l t 1 : %. 2 f F \n ” , delt1 ) ;
66 t2 =( t1 - delt1 ) ;
67 printf ( ” \ t t ( 0 . 1 5 ) : %. 1 f F \n ” , t2 ) ;
68 X4 =0.0640; // a t 1 1 2 . 5
69 X5 =( w4 / G ) ;
70 printf ( ” \ t X( 1 1 2 . 5 F ) : %. 4 f l b / l b \n ” , X5 ) ;
72 // ( Kxa∗ delV /L )= 0 . 1 5 t o 0 . 2 5
73 nd1 =0.1;
74 haV1 =( nd1 * w2 * Le * C ) ;
75 printf ( ” \ t haV1 : %. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , haV1 ) ;
76 qc2 =( haV1 *( T2 - t2 ) ) ;
77 printf ( ” \ t q c 2 : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” , qc2 ) ;
78 delT2 =( qc2 /( C * G ) ) ;
79 printf ( ” \ t d e l T 2 : %. 1 f F \n ” , delT2 ) ;
80 T3 =( T2 - delT2 ) ;
81 printf ( ” \ t T ( 0 . 2 5 ) : %. 1 f F \n ” , T3 ) ;
82 w5 =( nd1 * w2 *( X5 - X4 ) ) ;
83 printf ( ” \ t w a t e r d i f f u s e d d u r i n g i n t e r v a l : %. 3 f l b /
h r \n ” , w5 ) ;
84 w6 =( w4 - w5 ) ;
85 printf ( ” \ t w a t e r r e m a i n i n g : %. 2 f l b / h r \n ” , w6 ) ;
86 l2 =1030; // Btu / l b , l 1= lamda a t 1 1 2 . 5 F
87 qd1 =( w5 * l2 ) ;
88 printf ( ” \ t qd1 : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” , qd1 ) ;
89 q2 =( qd1 + qc2 ) ;
90 printf ( ” \ t q2 : %. 3 e Btu / h r \n ” , q2 ) ;
91 delt2 =( q2 / w2 ) ;
92 printf ( ” \ t d e l t 2 : %. 2 f F \n ” , delt2 ) ;
93 t3 =( t2 - delt2 ) ;
94 printf ( ” \ t t ( 0 . 2 5 ) : %. 1 f F \n ” , t3 ) ;
95 X6 =0.0533; // a t 1 0 6 . 5
96 X7 =( w6 / G ) ;
97 printf ( ” \ t X( 1 0 6 . 5 F ) : %. 4 f l b / l b \n ” , X7 ) ;
98 // The c a l c u l a t i o n s o f t h e r e m a i n i n g i n t e r v a l s u n t i l
237
a . g a s t e m p e r a t u r e o f 200 F i s r e a c h e d a r e
shown i n F i g . 1 7 . 1 7
99 w7 =21.92; // t o t a l w a t e r d i f f u s e d from t a b l e i n
solution
100 d =( w7 / w1 ) *100;
101 printf ( ” \ t c a l c u l a t e d d i f f u s i o n : %. 0 f \n ” ,d ) ;
102 printf ( ” \ t U s i n g some s t a n d a r d low−p r e s s u r e −d r o p
d a t a \n ” ) ;
103 // For G = 1 5 0 0 , e x t r a p o l a t e t o L = 2 0 4 0 on
l o g a r i t h m i c c o o r d i n a t e s . Kxa = 5 1 0 .
104 ndt =.54; // from 1 s t t a b l e i n s o l u t i o n
105 Kxa =510; // from 2 nd t a b l e i n s o l u t i o n
106 Z =( ndt * w2 / Kxa ) ;
107 printf ( ” \ t t o w e r h e i g h t : %. 2 f f t \n ” ,Z ) ;
108 A =(50000/ G ) ;
109 printf ( ” \ t c r o s s s e c t i o n : %. 1 f f t ˆ2 \n ” ,A ) ;
110 // end
Scilab code Exa 17.7 Approximate Calculation of a Gas Cooler
book \n ” ) ;
3 C =0.28; // a s s u m p t i o n
4 w =50000; // l b / h r
5 G =1500;
6 Qs =( w * C *(500 -200) ) ;
7 Qd =( w / G ) *(22685) ; // qd =22685 , from p r e v i o u s prblm
8 printf ( ” \ t s e n s i b l e h e a t : %. 1 e Btu / h r \n ” , Qs ) ;
9 printf ( ” \ t a p p r o x i m a t e d i f f u s i o n : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” ,
Qd ) ;
10 Q =( Qs + Qd ) ;
11 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t : %. 3 e Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
12 // an a l l o w a n c e a s h i g h a s 30 p e r c e n t o f t h e
s e n s i b l e l o a d can be made and t h e e x c e s s w a t e r
238
c o m p e n s a t e d f o r by t h r o t t l i n g when t h e t o w e r i s
in operation
13 w1 =( Q /(120 -85) ) ;
14 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l w a t e r q u a n t i t y : %. 2 e l b / h r \n ” , w1 )
;
15 // I f t h e maximum l i q u i d l o a d i n g i s t a k e n a s 2 0 4 0 l b
/( hr ) ( f t ’ ! ) , the r e q u i r e d tower c r o s s s e c t i o n
16 A =( w1 /2040) ;
17 printf ( ” \ t t o w e r c r o s s s e c t i o n : %. 1 f f t ˆ2 \n ” ,A ) ;
18 w3 =( w / A ) ;
19 printf ( ” \ t new g a s r a t e : %. 0 f l b / ( h r ) ( f t ˆ 2 ) \n ” , w3 )
;
20 // The two t e r m i n a l t e m p e r a t u r e d i f f e r e n c e s a r e ( 2 0 0
− 8 5 ) and ( 5 0 0 − 1 2 0 ) .
21 LMTD =((500 -120) -(200 -85) ) /( log ((500 -120) /(200 -85) ) ) ;
22 printf ( ” \ t LMTD : %. 0 f \n ” , LMTD ) ;
23 dt =35;
24 N =( dt / LMTD ) ; // eq 1 7 . 8 8
25 printf ( ” \ t haV/L : %. 2 f \n ” ,N ) ;
26 Le =0.93;
27 nd =( N /( C * Le ) ) ;
28 printf ( ” \ t number d i f f u s i o n u n i t s : %. 2 f \n ” , nd ) ;
29 // By e x t r a p o l a t i o n f o r G = 718 and L = 2 0 4 0 , Kxa=215
30 L =2040;
31 Kxa =215;
32 Z =( nd * L / Kxa ) ; // c a l c u l a t i o n m i s t a k e
33 printf ( ” \ t h e i g h t o f t o w e r : %. 1 f f t \n ” ,Z ) ;
34 di =( A ) ^(1/2) ;
35 printf ( ” g r o u n d d i m e n s i o n s : %. 1 f f t \n ” , di ) ;
36 // g r o u n d d i m e n s i o n s a r e 5 . 8 ∗ 8 . 3 ∗ 8 . 3 f t
37 // end
239
Chapter 18
Batch and unsteady process
Scilab code Exa 18.1 Calculation of Batch Heating
2 // s p e c i f i c g r a v i t y o f b e n z e n e i s 0 . 8 8
3 // s p e c i f i c h e a t o f b e n z e n e i s 0 . 4 8 Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
4 U =50;
5 A =400;
6 T1 =400;
7 t1 =100;
8 t2 =300;
9 c =0.48;
10 w =40000;
11 C =0.60;
12 W =10000;
13 printf ( ” \ t v a l u e s a r e a p p r o x i m a t e l y m e n t i o n e d i n t h e
book \n ” ) ;
14 printf ( ” \ t f o r a \n ” ) ;
15 M =(7500*8.33*0.88) ;
16 printf ( ” \ t w e i g h t o f b e n z e n e i s : %. 1 e l b \n ” ,M ) ;
17 Q1 =( w * c ) ;
18 printf ( ” \ t Q1 i s : %. 2 e Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Q1 ) ;
19 Q2 =( W * C ) ;
20 printf ( ” \ t Q2 i s : %. 0 e Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Q2 ) ;
240
21 Ks =(( %e ) ^( U * A *((1/ Q1 ) -(1/ Q2 ) ) ) ) ; // eq 1 8 . 1 6
22 printf ( ” \ t Ks i s : %. 3 f \n ” , Ks ) ;
23 Z = log (( T1 - t1 ) /( T1 - t2 ) ) ;
24 printf ( ” \ t Z i s : %. 3 f \n ” ,Z ) ;
25 theta =(( M *( Z ) *( Ks *6000 -(19200) ) ) /(( Ks -1) *40000*6000)
);
26 printf ( ” \ t t h e t a i s : %. 1 f h r \n ” , theta ) ;
27 printf ( ” \ t f o r b \n ” ) ;
28 R =( Q1 / Q2 ) ;
29 printf ( ” \ t R i s : %. 1 f \n ” ,R ) ;
30 KT =(( %e ) ^( U *( A / Q1 ) *(1+ R ^2) ^(1/2) ) ) ;
31 printf ( ” \ t KT i s : %. 0 f \n ” , KT ) ;
32 S =((2*( KT -1) ) /(( KT *( R +1+(1+ R ^2) ^(1/2) ) ) -( R +1 -(1+ R ^2)
^(1/2) ) ) ) ; // eq 1 8 . 2 4
33 printf ( ” \ t S i s : %. 3 f \n ” ,S ) ;
34 theta1 =(( M * Z ) /(0.266*40000) ) ; // eq 1 8 . 2 5
35 printf ( ” \ t t h e t a 1 i s : %. 2 f h r \n ” , theta1 ) ;
36 printf ( ” \ t f o r c \n ” ) ;
37 U1 =100;
38 A1 =200;
39 K8 =(( %e ) ^( U *( A /(2* Q1 ) ) *(1+ R ^2) ^(1/2) ) ) ; // eq 1 8 . 3 2
40 S1 =((2*( K8 -1) *(1+((1 -0.266) *(1 -(3.2*0.266) ) ) ^(1/2) ) )
/((( K8 -1) *(3.2+1) ) +(( K8 +1) *(1+3.2^2) ^(1/2) ) ) ) ; //
eq 1 8 . 3 1
41 printf ( ” \ t K8 i s : %. 2 f \n ” , K8 ) ;
42 printf ( ” \ t S1 i s : %. 3 f \n ” , S1 ) ;
43 theta2 =(( M * Z ) /(0.282*40000) ) ; // eq 1 8 . 2 5
44 printf ( ” \ t t h e t a 2 i s : %. 2 f h r \n ” , theta2 ) ;
45 printf ( ” \ t f o r d \n ” ) ;
46 K9 =(( %e ) ^( U *( A /( Q1 ) ) *( R -1) ) ) ;
47 S2 =(( K9 -1) /(( K9 * R ) -1) ) ; // eq 1 8 . 3 6
48 printf ( ” \ t K9 i s : %. 2 f \n ” , K9 ) ;
49 printf ( ” \ t S2 i s : %. 2 f \n ” , S2 ) ;
50 t =100;
51 t1 = t +( S2 *( T1 - t ) ) ; // 1 8 . 3 7
52 printf ( ” \ t t 1 i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , t1 ) ;
53 t2 = t1 +( S2 *( T1 - t1 ) ) ;
54 printf ( ” \ t t 2 i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , t2 ) ;
241
55 t3 = t2 +( S2 *( T1 - t2 ) ) ;
56 printf ( ” \ t t 3 i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , t3 ) ;
57 t4 = t3 +( S2 *( T1 - t3 ) ) ;
58 printf ( ” \ t t 4 i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , t4 ) ;
59 x =0.23;
60 printf ( ” \ t f r a c t i o n a l c i r c u l a t i o n i s : %. 2 f \n ” ,x ) ;
61 N =3+ x ;
62 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l f r a c t i o n a l c i r c u l a t i o n : %. 2 f \n ” ,N
);
63 theta3 =( N *( M / w ) ) ;
64 printf ( ” \ t t h e t a 3 i s : %. 2 f \n ” , theta3 ) ;
65 // end
Scilab code Exa 18.2 Heat Flow through a Wall
2 tav =500; // F
3 Ts =1000;
4 t0 =100;
5 c =0.12; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
6 k =24; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F/ f t )
7 row =488; // l b / f t ˆ3
8 alpha =0.41; // a l p h a =(k / ( c ∗ row ) ) , f t ˆ2/ h r
9 x =0.333; // f t
10 theta =4;
book \n ” ) ;
12 X =( x /(2*( alpha * theta ) ^(1/2) ) ) ;
13 printf ( ” \ t X i s : %. 2 f \n ” ,X ) ;
14 Y =0.142; // Y=f 1 (X) from f i g 1 8 . 7
15 t = Ts +( t0 - Ts ) *( Y ) ; // eq 1 8 . 4 3
16 printf ( ” \ t t s i : %. 0 f F \n ” ,t ) ;
17 q =(( k *( Ts - t0 ) ) /(3.14* alpha * theta ) ^(1/2) ) ; // q=(Q/A)
, from eq 1 8 . 4 7
18 printf ( ” \ t q i s : %. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) \n ” ,q ) ;
242
19 q1 =(2* k *( Ts - t0 ) *( theta /(3.14* alpha ) ) ^(1/2) ) ; // q=(
Q1/A) . eq 1 8 . 4 9
20 printf ( ” \ t The t o t a l h e a t which f l o w e d t h r o u g h a
s q u a r e f o o t o f w a l l i n t h e 4 h r i s : %. 1 e Btu / f t
ˆ2 \n ” , q1 ) ;
21 // end
Scilab code Exa 18.3 Center line Temperature of a Shaft
2 Ts =1000;
3 t0 =100;
5 theta =15/60;
6 l =1; // f t
7 X =(4* alpha * theta ) /( l ^2) ;
8 printf ( ” \ t X i s : %. 2 f \n ” ,X ) ;
9 Y =0.155; // Y=f 3 ∗ (X) from f i g 1 8 . 9 when L= i n f i n i t y
10 t = Ts +( t0 - Ts ) *( Y ) ; // eq 1 8 . 5 2
11 printf ( ” \ t t s i : %. 1 e F \n ” ,t ) ;
12 // end
Scilab code Exa 18.4 The Schack Chart
2 T1 =1100; // F
3 T2 =70; // F
4 t1 = T1 +460; // R
5 t2 = T2 +460; // R
6 k =27; // from a p p e n d i x
7 c =0.14; // from a p p e n d i x
8 row =490; // from a p p e n d i x
9 alpha =0.394;
243
10 theta =4;
11 l =10/12; // f t
12 x =0.173*10^( -8) ; // s t e f a n c o n s t a n t
13 e =0.7; // e m m i s i v i t y
book \n ” ) ;
15 printf ( ” \ t f o r a \n ” ) ;
16 // Assume t h e t e m p e r a t u r e i s 500 F a f t e r 4 h r . The
c o e f f i c i e n t from p l a t e t o a i r i s t h e sum o f t h e
r a d i a t i o n and c o n v e c t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s
17 hri =( e * x *( t1 ^4 - t2 ^4) ) /( T1 - T2 ) ;
18 printf ( ” \ t r a d i a t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t i s : %. 1 f Btu / ( h r )
∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hri ) ; // eq 4 . 3 2
19 hci =(0.3*( T1 - T2 ) ^(1/4) ) ; // eq 1 0 . 1 0
20 printf ( ” \ t c o n v e c t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t i s : %. 1 f Btu / ( h r )
∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hci ) ;
21 hti = hri + hci ;
22 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l i n t i a l c o e f f i c i e n t i s : %. 1 f Btu / (
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hti ) ;
23 // For t h e 4−h r c o e f f i c i e n t a t 500 F
24 hr =2.2; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
25 hc =1.35; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
26 ht = hr + hc ;
27 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l i n t i a l c o e f f i c i e n t i s : %. 1 f Btu / (
h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ht ) ;
28 h =( hti + ht ) /2;
29 printf ( ” \ t mean c o e f f i c i e n t i s : %. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t
ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” ,h ) ;
30 X =(4* alpha * theta ) /( l ^2) ;
31 Y =( h * l ) /(2* k ) ;
32 printf ( ” \ t X i s : %. 1 f \n ” ,X ) ;
33 printf ( ” \ t Y i s : %. 3 f \n ” ,Y ) ;
34 Z =0.42; // Z=f 3 (X, Y) , from f i g 1 8 . 1 0
35 t = T2 +(( T1 - T2 ) * Z ) ; // eq 1 8 . 5 3
36 printf ( ” \ t t i s : %. 0 f F \n ” ,t ) ;
37 printf ( ” \ t f o r b \n ” ) ;
38 Z1 =0.43; // Z=f 4 (X, Y) , from f i g 1 8 . 1 1
39 t1 = T2 +(( T1 - T2 ) * Z1 ) ; // eq 1 8 . 5 3
244
40 printf ( ” \ t t e m p e r a t u r e o f c e n t e r p l a n e i s : %. 0 f F \
n ” , t1 ) ;
41 // end
Scilab code Exa 18.5 The Gumey Lurle Chart
2 Ts =400;
3 t0 =200;
4 k =25; // from a p p e n d i x
5 c =0.12; // from a p p e n d i x
6 row =490; // from a p p e n d i x
7 alpha =0.45; // a l p h a =(k / ( c ∗ row ) )
8 theta =15/60;
9 l =8/12; // f t
10 h =50;
11 X =(4* alpha * theta ) /( l ^2) ;
12 Z =(2* k ) /( h * l ) ;
13 printf ( ” \ t X i s : %. 2 f \n ” ,X ) ;
14 printf ( ” \ t Z i s : %. 1 f \n ” ,Z ) ;
15 Y =0.31; // Y=(Ts−t ) / ( Ts−t 0 ) , from f i g 1 8 . 1 3
16 t = Ts +( t0 - Ts ) *( Y ) ; // eq 1 8 . 4 3
17 printf ( ” \ t t i s : %. 0 f F \n ” ,t ) ;
18 // end
Scilab code Exa 18.6 The Application of Newmans Method to Heating a

Brick
2 Ts =300;
3 t0 =70;
4 c =0.25; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
5 k =0.3; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F/ f t )
245
6 row =103; // l b / f t ˆ3
8 theta =1;
9 lx =9/12;
10 ly =4.5/12;
11 lz =2.5/12;
12 h =4.1;
book \n ” )
14 X1 =(4* alpha * theta ) /( lx ^2) ;
15 Z1 =(2* k ) /( h * lx ) ;
16 printf ( ” \ t X1 i s : %. 4 f \n ” , X1 ) ;
17 printf ( ” \ t Z1 i s : %. 3 f \n ” , Z1 ) ;
18 X2 =(4* alpha * theta ) /( ly ^2) ;
19 Z2 =(2* k ) /( h * ly ) ;
20 printf ( ” \ t X2 i s : %. 4 f \n ” , X2 ) ;
21 printf ( ” \ t Z2 i s : %. 3 f \n ” , Z2 ) ;
22 X3 =(4* alpha * theta ) /( lz ^2) ;
23 Z3 =(2* k ) /( h * lz ) ;
24 printf ( ” \ t X3 i s : %. 3 f \n ” , X3 ) ;
25 printf ( ” \ t Z3 i s : %. 3 f \n ” , Z3 ) ;
26 printf ( ” \ t a t c e n t r e ( 2 ∗ x / l ) i s z e r o \n ” ) ;
27 Yx =0.98; // f i g 1 8 . 1 2
28 Yy =0.75; // f i g 1 8 . 1 2
29 Yz =0.43; // f i g 1 8 . 1 2
30 printf ( ” \ t a t s u r f a c e ( 2 ∗ x / l ) i s one \n ” ) ;
31 Yx1 =0.325; // f i g 1 8 . 1 2
32 Yy1 =0.29; // f i g 1 8 . 1 2
33 Yz1 =0.245; // f i g 1 8 . 1 2
34 printf ( ” \ t c e n t e r o f b r i c k \n ” ) ;
35 t1 = Ts -( Yx * Yy * Yz *( Ts - t0 ) ) ;
36 printf ( ” \ t t 1 i s : %. 1 f F \n ” , t1 ) ;
37 printf ( ” \ t c o r n e r o f b r i c k \n ” ) ;
38 t2 = Ts -( Yx1 * Yy1 * Yz1 *( Ts - t0 ) ) ;
39 printf ( ” \ t t 2 i s : %. 1 f F \n ” , t2 ) ;
40 printf ( ” \ t c e n t e r o f 9 by 4 . 5 i n f a c e \n ” ) ;
41 t3 = Ts -( Yx * Yy * Yz1 *( Ts - t0 ) ) ;
42 printf ( ” \ t t 3 i s : %. 1 f F \n ” , t3 ) ;
246
43 printf ( ” \ t c e n t e r o f 9 by 2 . 5 i n f a c e \n ” ) ;
44 t4 = Ts -( Yx * Yy1 * Yz *( Ts - t0 ) ) ;
45 printf ( ” \ t t 4 i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , t4 ) ;
46 printf ( ” \ t c e n t e r o f 4 . 5 by 2 . 5 i n f a c e \n ” ) ;
47 t5 = Ts -( Yx1 * Yy * Yz *( Ts - t0 ) ) ;
48 printf ( ” \ t t 5 i s : %. 1 f F \n ” , t5 ) ;
49 printf ( ” \ t m i d d l e o f l o n g e d g e \n ” ) ;
50 t6 = Ts -( Yx * Yy1 * Yz1 *( Ts - t0 ) ) ;
51 printf ( ” \ t t 6 i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , t6 ) ;
52 // end
Scilab code Exa 18.7 The Graphical Determination of the Time Temper-
ature Distribution
2 t =20; // min
3 alpha =0.40; // f t ˆ2/ h r
4 delx =0.167; // f t
5 // From t h e c o n d i t i o n s o f Eq . ( 1 8 . 6 1 ) take time
i n c r e m e n t s s u c h t h a t a l p h a ( d e l t h e t a / d e l x ˆ 2 ) =1/2
book \n ” ) ;
7 deltheta =( delx ^2/(2* alpha ) ) ;
8 printf ( ” \ t d e l t h e t a i s : %. 3 f h r \n ” , deltheta ) ;
9 N =( t /( deltheta *60) ) ;
10 printf ( ” \ t number o f s t e p s r e q u i r e d : %. 1 f \n ” ,N ) ;
11 // end
Scilab code Exa 18.8 Calculations for a Wall with Periodic Temperature
Variation
2 k =0.3;
247
3 row =103;
4 c =0.25;
5 alpha =0.01164;
6 f =1/24;
7 t1 =120;
8 t2 =60;
book \n ” ) ;
10 printf ( ” \ t t e m p e r a t u r e l a g 6 i n b e l o w t h e s u r f a c e \n ”
);
11 x =6/12;
12 theta =( x /2) *(1/(3.14* f * alpha ) ) ^(1/2) ; // eq 1 8 . 6 5
13 printf ( ” \ t t h e t a i s : %. 2 f h r \n ” , theta ) ;
14 printf ( ” \ t a m p l i t u d e \n ” ) ;
15 deltom =( t1 - t2 ) /2;
16 printf ( ” \ t d e l t o m i s : %. 0 f F \n ” , deltom ) ;
17 delt =( deltom ) *( %e ) ^( - x *(3.14* f / alpha ) ^(1/2) ) ; // eq
18.67
18 printf ( ” \ t d e l t i s : %. 1 f F \n ” , delt ) ; //
c a l c u l a t i o n m i s t a k e i n book
19 printf ( ” \ t t e m p e r a t u r e d e v i a t i o n a f t e r 2 h r \n ” ) ;
20 theta1 =2; // h r
21 deltx =( deltom ) *(( %e ) ^( - x *(3.14* f / alpha ) ^(1/2) ) ) * cos
((2*3.14* f * theta1 ) -( x *(3.14* f / alpha ) ^(1/2) ) ) ; //
eq 1 8 . 6 9
22 printf ( ” \ t d e l t x i s : %. 1 f F \n ” , deltx ) ;
23 printf ( ” \ t h e a t f l o w d u r i n g t h e h a l f p e r i o d \n ” ) ;
24 q =( k * deltom *(2/(3.14* f * alpha ) ) ^(1/2) ) ; // eq 1 8 . 7 0
25 printf ( ” \ t h e a t f l o w i s : %. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) \n ” ,q
);
26 // end
Scilab code Exa 18.9 Calculation of the Length of a Bed
248
2 G =60; // l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 )
3 De =1/12; // f t
4 theta =6; // h r
5 cs =41.3; // Btu / ( f t ˆ 3 ) ∗ ( F )
6 c =0.0191; // Btu / ( f t ˆ 3 ) ∗ ( F )
7 f =0.45; // v o i d f r a c t i o n
8 T =90;
9 T1 =200;
10 t0 =50;
11 h =(0.79*( G / De ) ^0.7) ; // eq 1 8 . 9 0
12 printf ( ” \ t h i s : %. 1 f \n ” ,h ) ;
13 X =( h * theta /( cs *(1 - f ) ) ) ;
14 Y =( T - t0 ) /( T1 - t0 ) ;
15 printf ( ” \ t X i s : %. 0 f \n ” ,X ) ;
16 printf ( ” \ t Y i s : %. 3 f \n ” ,Y ) ;
17 row =0.0807; // l b / ( f t ˆ 3 ) a i r
18 Z =24.5; // Z=(h∗ x ∗ row / ( c ∗G) ) , by c o m p a r i n g X an Y i n
f i g 18.21
19 x =24.5*( c * G /( h * row ) ) ;
20 printf ( ” \ t x i s : %. 1 f f t \n ” ,x ) ;
21 // end
249
Chapter 19
Furnace Calculations
Scilab code Exa 19.1 Lobo and Evans
2 // For o r i e n t a t i o n p u r p o s e s , one can make an
e s t i m a t e o f t h e number o f t u b e s r e q u i r e d i n t h e
r a d i a n t s e c t i o n by a s s u m i n g avg f l u x i s 1 2 0 0 0 Btu
/( hr ) ∗( f t ˆ2)
3 // from F i g . 1 9 . 1 4 i t can be s e e n t h a t w i t h a t u b e
t e m p e r a t u r e o f 8 0 0 ”F , an e x i t −g a s t e m p e r a t u r e o f
l 7 3 0 F w i l l be r e q u i r e d t o e f f e c t s u c h a f l u x .
4 printf ( ” \ t a p p r o x i a t e v a l u e s a r e m e n t i o n e d i n t h e
book \n ” ) ;
5 Q =50000000; // Btu / h r
6 QF =( Q /0.75) ; // e f f i c i e n c y o f t a n k i s 75%
7 printf ( ” \ t h e a t l i b e r a t e d by t h e f u e l : %. 3 e Btu / h r
\n ” , QF ) ;
8 w1 =( QF /17130) ; // h e a t i n g v a l u e o f f u e l i s 1 7 1 3 0 Btu /
lb
9 printf ( ” \ t f u e l q u a n t i t y : %. 2 e l b / h r \n ” , w1 ) ;
10 w2 =( w1 *17.44) ; // l b o f f u e l f i r e d w i t h 1 7 . 4 4 l b o f
air
11 printf ( ” \ t a i r r e q u i r e d : %. 2 e l b / h r \n ” , w2 ) ;
12 w3 =( w1 *0.3) ; // 0 . 3 l b o f a i r i s u s e d f o r a t o m i z i n g
250
lb of f u e l
13 printf ( ” \ t steam f o r a t o m i z i n g : %. 2 e l b / h r \n ” , w3 ) ;
14 QA =( w2 *82) ; // h e a t i n g v a l u e a t 400F i s 82 Btu / l b
15 printf ( ” \ t QA i s : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” , QA ) ;
16 printf ( ” \ t QS i s n e g l i g i b l e \n ” ) ;
17 QW =(0.02* QF ) ;
18 printf ( ” \ t QW i s : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” , QW ) ;
19 Qnet =( QF + QA - QW ) ;
20 printf ( ” \ t Qnet i s : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” , Qnet ) ;
21 // Heat o u t m g a s e s a t 1 7 3 0 F , 25 p e r c e n t e x c e s s
a i r , 476 Btu / l b o f f l u e g a s
22 QG =(476*( w1 + w2 + w3 ) ) ;
23 printf ( ” \ t QG i s : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” , QG ) ;
24 Q1 =( Qnet - QG ) ;
25 printf ( ” \ t Q1 i s : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” , Q1 ) ; //
26 A =(3.14*38.5*(5/12) ) ; // a r e a o f t u b e
27 printf ( ” \ t a r e a o f t u b e i s : %. 1 f f t ˆ2 \n ” ,A ) ;
28 Nt =( Q1 /(12000* A ) ) ; // 1 2 0 0 0 i s avg f l u x
29 printf ( ” \ t e s t i m a t e d number o f t u b e s : %. 0 f \n ” , Nt ) ;
30 // The l a y o u t o f t h e c r o s s s e c t i o n o f t h e f u r n a c e
may be a s shown m F i g . 1 9 . 1 6 .
31 // c e n t e r t o c e n t e r d i s t a n c e i s 8 ( 1 / 2 ) i n
32 Acp =(8.5*38.5/12) ;
33 printf ( ” \ t c o l d p l a n e s u r f a c e p e r t u b e : %. 1 f f t ˆ2 \
n ” , Acp ) ; // c a l c u l a t i o n m i s t a k e i n book
34 a =0.937; // a=a l p h a , from f i g 1 9 . 1 1 a s R a t i o o f
c e n t e r −to −c e n t e r /OD i s 1 . 7
35 Acp1 =( Acp * a ) ;
36 printf ( ” \ t Acp1 i s : %. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , Acp1 ) ;
37 Acpt =( Acp1 * Nt ) ;
38 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l c o l d p l a n e s u r f a c e i s : %. 1 e f t ˆ2 \
n ” , Acpt ) ;
39 A1 =(2*20.46*14.92) ; // from f i g 1 9 . 1 6
40 printf ( ” \ t s u r f a c e o f end w a l l s : %. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , A1 ) ;
41 A2 =(38.5*14.92) ; // from f i g 1 9 . 1 6
42 printf ( ” \ t s u r f a c e o f s i d e w a l l : %. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , A2 ) ;
43 A3 =(38.5*9.79) ; // from f i g 1 9 . 1 6
251
44 printf ( ” \ t s u r f a c e o f b r i d g e w a l l s : %. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ” ,
A3 ) ;
45 A4 =(2*20.46*38.5) ; // from f i g 1 9 . 1 6
46 printf ( ” \ t s u r f a c e o f f l o o r and a r c h : %. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ”
, A4 ) ;
47 AT =( A1 + A2 + A3 + A4 ) ;
48 printf ( ” \ t AT i s : %. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , AT ) ;
49 AR =( AT - Acpt ) ;
50 printf ( ” \ t AR i s : %. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , AR ) ;
51 Ar =( AR / Acpt ) ;
52 printf ( ” \ t r a t i o o f a r e a s i s : %. 2 f \n ” , Ar ) ;
53 printf ( ” \ t d i m e n s i o n r a t i o i s 3 : 2 : 1 \n ” ) ;
54 L =((2/3) *(38.5*20.46*14.92) ^(1/3) ) ;
55 printf ( ” \ t l e n g t h i s : %. 0 f f t \n ” ,L ) ;
56 printf ( ” \ t g a s e m i s s i v i t y \n ” ) ;
57 // From t h e a n a l y s i s o f t h e f u e l , t h e steam q u a n t i t y
, and t h e a s s u m p t i o n t h a t t h e h u m i d i t y o f t h e a i r
i s 50 p e r c e n t o f s a t u r a t i o n a t 60F , t h e p a r t i a l
p r e s s u r e s o f CO2 and H2O i n t h e c o m b u s t i o n g a s e s
w i t h 25 p e r c e n t e x c e s s a i r a r e
58 pCO2 =0.1084;
59 pH2O =0.1248
60 pCO2L =1.63; // pCO2L=(pCO2∗L )
61 pH2OL =1.87;
62 P =(( pCO2 ) /( pCO2 + pH2O ) ) ;
63 printf ( ” \ t p e r c e n t a g e c o r r e c t i o n a t P : %. 3 f \n ” ,P ) ;
64 Pt = pCO2L + pH2OL ;
65 printf ( ” \ t Pt i s : %. 2 f \n ” , Pt ) ;
66 // % c o r r e c t i o n e s t i m a t e d t o be 8%
67 eG =(((6500+14500) -(650+1950) ) /(39000 -4400) ) *((100 -8)
/100) ; // v a l u e s from f i g 1 9 . 1 2 and 1 9 . 1 3 , eq
19.5
68 printf ( ” \ t eG i s : %. 3 f \n ” , eG ) ;
69 f =0.635; // from f i g 1 9 . 1 5 a s (AR/ Acpt ) =1.09 and eG
=0.496
70 printf ( ” \ t o v e r a l l e x c h a n g e f a c t o r : %. 3 f \n ” ,f ) ;
71 Z =( Q1 /( Acpt * f ) ) ;
72 printf ( ” \ t Z i s : %. 2 e \n ” ,Z ) ;
252
73 printf ( ” \ t TG r e q u i r e d ( a t Ts = 800F ) = 1 6 7 0F
compared w i t h 1 7 3 0 F assumed i n h e a t b a l a n c e ) \n
”);
74 // end
Scilab code Exa 19.2 Calculation of a Furnace by the Method of Wilson

and Lobo and Hottel
2 QF =50000000;
3 G =22.36;
4 Acpt =1500;
book \n ” ) ;
6 Q =( QF /(1+( G /4200) *( QF / Acpt ) ^(1/2) ) ) ; // eq 1 9 . 1 5
7 printf ( ” \ t Q i s : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
8 printf ( ” \ t The r a d i a n t −s e c t i o n a v e r a g e r a t e w i l l be
8 3 5 0 Btu / ( h r ) ( f t 2 ) , and t h e e x i t −f l u e −g a s
t e m p e r a t u r e 1 5 4 0 F by h e a t b a l a n c e . \n ” ) ;
9 // end
Scilab code Exa 19.3 Calculation of Performance by the Orrok Hudson

Equation
2 Qr =1.5; // Qr=(QF2/QF1 )
3 Cr =1.5; // Cr=(CR2/CR1 )
4 Gr =140/125; // Gr=(G2/G1 )
5 Qr1 =0.38; // Qr1=(Q1/QF1 )
book \n ” ) ;
7 a1 =1.63; // a1 =(G1 ∗ ( CR1 / 2 7 ) ˆ ( 1 / 2 ) ) , from eq 1 9 . 1 7
8 printf ( ” \ t a1 i s : %. 2 f \n ” , a1 ) ;
253
9 a2 =1.37*( a1 ) ; // a2 =(G2 ∗ ( CR2 / 2 7 ) ˆ ( 1 / 2 ) )
10 printf ( ” \ t a2 i s : %. 2 f \n ” , a2 ) ;
11 Qr2 =(1/(1+ a2 ) ) ; // Qr2=(Q2/QF2 ) , from eq 1 9 . 1 5
12 printf ( ” \ t Qr2 i s : %. 2 f \n ” , Qr2 ) ;
13 Q21 =( Qr2 / Qr1 ) *( Qr ) ; // Q21=(Q2/Q1 )
14 printf ( ” \ t r a t i o o f h e a t s i s : %. 2 f \n ” , Q21 ) ;
15 printf ( ” \ t Hence t h e r a d i a n t a b s o r p t i o n w i l l be
i n c r e a s e d o n l y 22 p e r c e n t f o r an i n c r e a s e o f 50
p e r c e n t i n t h e h e a t l i b e r a t e d . \n ” ) ;
16 // end
Scilab code Exa 19.4 Calculation of the Equivalent Radiant Coefficient
2 eS =0.9; // assumed
3 TG =1500;
4 TS =650;
5 pCO2 =0.1084;
6 pH2O =0.1248;
book \n ” ) ;
8 L =(0.4*8.5) -(0.567*5) ; // t a b l e 1 9 . 1
9 printf ( ” \ t L i s : %. 3 f f t \n ” ,L ) ;
10 pH2OL =0.1248* L ;
11 pCO2L =0.1084* L ;
12 printf ( ” \ t pH2OL i s : %. 4 f atm− f t \n ” , pH2OL ) ;
13 printf ( ” \ t pCO2L i s : %. 4 f atm− f t \n ” , pCO2L ) ;
14 qH2O =1050; // a t TG, from f i g 1 9 . 1 2 ana 1 9 . 1 3
15 qCO2 =1700; // a t TG, from f i g 1 9 . 1 2 ana 1 9 . 1 3
16 qTG =( qH2O + qCO2 ) ;
17 printf ( ” \ t qTG i s : %. 0 f \n ” , qTG ) ;
18 qsH2O =165; // a t TS , from f i g 1 9 . 1 2 ana 1 9 . 1 3
19 qsCO2 =160; // a t TS , from f i g 1 9 . 1 2 ana 1 9 . 1 3
20 qTS =( qsH2O + qsCO2 ) ;
21 printf ( ” \ t qTG i s : %. 0 f \n ” , qTS ) ;
254
22 q =(0.9*( qTG - qTS ) ) ; // q=(QRC/A)
23 printf ( ” \ t q i s : %. 1 f \n ” ,q ) ;
24 P =(( pCO2 ) /( pCO2 + pH2O ) ) ;
25 printf ( ” \ t p e r c e n t a g e c o r r e c t i o n a t P : %. 3 f \n ” ,P ) ;
26 Pt = pCO2L + pH2OL ;
27 printf ( ” \ t Pt i s : %. 4 f \n ” , Pt ) ;
28 // % c o r r e c t i o n e s t i m a t e d t o be 2%
29 q1 =( q *0.98) ; // // q1 =(QRC/A)
30 printf ( ” \ t q1 i s : %. 2 e \n ” , q1 ) ;
31 hr =( q1 /( TG - TS ) ) ;
32 printf ( ” \ t r a d i a t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t i s : %. 2 f Btu / ( h r )
∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hr ) ;
33 // end
Scilab code Exa 19.5 Furnace calculation
2 Q =500000;
book \n ” ) ;
4 a =(3.5+(3.14*4*(120/360) ) ) /(2) ; // a=( a l p h a ∗Acp )
from f i g 1 9 . 1 7
5 AR =(3+3.6+3) ;
6 printf ( ” \ t a i s : %. 2 f f t ˆ2/ f t \n ” ,a ) ;
7 printf ( ” \ t AR i s : %. 1 f f t ˆ2/ f t \n ” , AR ) ;
8 // A r b i t r a r i l y n e g l e c t i n g end wa . l l s and a l s o . t h e
s i d e w a l l r e f r a c t o r y over 3 ’0” above the f l o o r
9 R =( AR / a ) ;
10 printf ( ” \ t r a t i o o f two a r e a s i s : %. 2 f \n ” ,R ) ;
11 eG =0.265;
12 TG =1174; // F
13 TS =500; // F
14 f =0.56; // from f i g 1 9 . 1 5 a s (AR/ Acpt ) =2.49 and eG
=0.265
15 q =15300; // a t TG and TS , q=(Q/ ( a ∗ f ) )
255
16 // However , t h e c o n v e c t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t i s s m a l l , 1 . 0
Btu / ( h r ) ( f t 2 ) ( ” F ) , and AR/ a i s n o t 2 . 0 a s i n
t h e a s s u m p t i o n s f o r t h e Lobo and Evans e q u a t i o n .
17 q1 =( q ) -(7*( TG - TS ) ) ; // q1 =(Q/ ( a ∗ f ) )
18 printf ( ” \ t q1 i s : %. 2 e Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) \n ” , q1 ) ;
19 q2 =( q1 * f ) ; // q2 =(Q/ ( a ) )
20 printf ( ” \ t q2 i s : %. 2 e Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) \n ” , q2 ) ;
21 printf ( ” \ t c o n v e c t i o n r a t e b a s i s \n ” ) ;
22 q3 =(1*( TG - TS ) *(4.2/ a ) ) ; // q2 =(Q/ ( a ) )
23 printf ( ” \ t q3 i s : %. 1 e Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) \n ” , q3 ) ; //
24 qt =( q2 + q3 ) ; // q t =(Q/ ( a ) )
25 printf ( ” \ t q t i s : %. 2 e Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) \n ” , qt ) ;
26 ar =( Q / qt ) ;
27 printf ( ” \ t r e q u i r e d a i s : %. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , ar ) ;
28 L =( ar / a ) ;
29 printf ( ” \ t l e n g t h r e q u i r e d i s : %. 1 f f t \n ” ,L ) ;
30 // end
256
Chapter 20
Additional applications
Scilab code Exa 20.1 Calculation of a Jacketed Vessel
book \n ” ) ;
3 T =150; // F
4 L =0.6; // f t
5 N =7500; // r e v / h r
6 row =62.5; // l b / f t ˆ3
7 mu =1.06; // a t 150 F and from f i g 1 4 , l b / f t ∗ h r
9 c =1; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
10 Rej =( L ^2) *( N ) *( row ) /( mu ) ;
11 printf ( ” \ t Rej i s : %. 1 e \n ” , Rej ) ;
12 Z =1; // Z=(mu/muw) ˆ ( 0 . 1 4 ) , r e g a r d e d a s 1 f o r w a t e r
13 Dj =1.01; // f t , from t a b l e 11
14 j =1100; // f i g 2 0 . 2
15 hi =(( j ) *( k / Dj ) *(( c * mu / k ) ^(1/3) ) *( Z ) ^(0.14) ) ;
17 hoi =1500; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
18 Uc =(( hi * hoi ) /( hi + hoi ) ) ; // from eq 6 . 3 8
19 printf ( ” \ t Uc i s : %. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , Uc ) ;
20 Rd =0.005;
257
21 hd =(1/ Rd ) ;
22 printf ( ” \ t hd i s : %. 0 f \n ” , hd ) ;
23 UD =(( Uc * hd ) /( Uc + hd ) ) ;
24 printf ( ” \ t UD i s : %. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , UD ) ;
25 A =3.43; // f t ˆ2
26 Q =32600;
27 delt =( Q /( UD * A ) ) ;
28 printf ( ” \ t t e m p e r a t u r e difference i s : %. 0 f F \n ” ,
delt ) ;
29 Ts =( T + delt ) ;
30 printf ( ” \ t t e m p e r a t u r e o f t h e steam : %. 0 f F \n ” , Ts )
;
31 // end
Scilab code Exa 20.2 Calculation of a Tube Coil
book \n ” ) ;
3 T1 =150; // F
4 T2 =220; // F
5 L =0.6; // f t
6 N =7500; // r e v / h r
7 row =62.5; // l b / f t ˆ3
8 mu =1.06; // a t 150 F and from f i g 1 4 , l b / f t ∗ h r
10 c =1; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
11 Rej =( L ^2) *( N ) *( row ) /( mu ) ;
12 printf ( ” \ t Rej i s : %. 1 e \n ” , Rej ) ;
13 Z =1; // Z=(mu/muw) ˆ ( 0 . 1 4 ) , r e g a r d e d a s 1 f o r w a t e r
14 Dj =1.01; // f t , from t a b l e 11
15 j =1700; // f i g 2 0 . 2
16 hi =(( j ) *( k / Dj ) *(( c * mu / k ) ^(1/3) ) *( Z ) ^(0.14) ) ;
18 hoi =1500; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F )
258
19 Uc =(( hi * hoi ) /( hi + hoi ) ) ; // from eq 6 . 3 8
21 Rd =0.005;
22 hd =(1/ Rd ) ;
24 UD =(( Uc * hd ) /( Uc + hd ) ) ;
26 Q =32600;
27 A =( Q /( UD *( T2 - T1 ) ) ) ;
28 printf ( ” \ t Area i s : %. 2 f f t ˆ2 \n ” ,A ) ;
29 a =0.1309; // f t ˆ2/ f t
30 a1 =(3.14*0.8* a ) ;
31 printf ( ” \ t a r e a p e r t u r n i s : %. 3 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , a1 ) ;
32 n =( A / a1 ) ;
33 printf ( ” \ t number o f t u r n s : %. 1 f \n ” ,n ) ;
34 // end
Scilab code Exa 20.3 Calculation of a Submerged pipe Coil Slurry Cooler
book \n ” ) ;
7 W =33100; // l b / h r
8 w =510000; // l b / h r
10 printf ( ” \ t f o r o i l \n ” ) ;
11 c =0.64; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
12 Q =(( W ) *( c ) *( T1 - T2 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
13 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r o i l i s : %. 2 e Btu
/ h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
259
15 c =1; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
16 Q =(( w ) *( c ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
18 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
19 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
22 LMTD =230;
fluid ,F
f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
fluid ,F
. 0 f \n ” , tc ) ;
28 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : i n n e r t u b e s i d e , o i l \n ” ) ;
29 at =0.0458; // f l o w a r e a , f t ˆ 2 , t a b l e 11
” , Gt ) ;
33 mu2 =5.56; // a t 400F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
34 D =0.242; // f t , t a b l e 11
37 jH =100; // from f i g . 2 4
38 Z =0.245; // Z=(k ( c ∗mu/ k ) ˆ ( 1 / 3 ) ) , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ) ∗ ( F/ f t
) , f i g 16
39 hi =(( jH ) *( Z / D ) ) ; // Hi =( h i / phyp ) , u s i n g eq . 6 . 1 5 , Btu / (
hr ) ∗( f t ˆ2) ∗(F)
41 ID =2.9; // f t
42 OD =3.5; // f t
260
%. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio ) ;
45 ho =150; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 )
46 tw =( tc ) +((( hio ) /( hio + ho ) ) *( Tc - tc ) ) ; // from eq . 5 . 3 1
48 tf =( tw + tc ) /2;
50 delt =110; // F
51 d0 =3.5; // i n , f i g 1 0 . 4
52 Uc =(( ho * hio ) /( ho + hio ) ) ; // from eq 6 . 3 8
54 Rd =0.01;
55 hd =(1/ Rd ) ;
57 UD =(( Uc * hd ) /( Uc + hd ) ) ;
59 A =( Q /( UD *( LMTD ) ) ) ;
60 printf ( ” \ t Area i s : %. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ” ,A ) ;
61 a =0.917; // f t ˆ2/ f t , t a b l e 11
62 L =( A /( a *24) ) ;
63 printf ( ” \ t p i p e l e n g t h : %. 0 f \n ” ,L ) ;
64 // end
Scilab code Exa 20.4 Calculation of a Trombone 2
book \n ” ) ;
7 W =3360; // l b / h r
8 w =11100; // l b / h r
10 printf ( ” \ t f o r SO2 \n ” ) ;
261
11 c =0.165; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
12 Q =(( W ) *( c ) *( T1 - T2 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
13 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r SO2 i s : %. 3 e Btu
/ h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
15 c =1; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
16 Q =(( w ) *( c ) *( t2 - t1 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
18 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
19 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
24 R =20;
25 S =0.0412;
26 FT =0.98; // f i g 18
27 delt =( FT * LMTD ) ;
fluid ,F
f F \n ” , Tc ) ;
fluid ,F
. 1 f \n ” , tc ) ;
33 printf ( ” \ t h o t f l u i d : i n n e r t u b e s i d e , SO2 \n ” ) ;
34 at =0.0512; // f l o w a r e a , f t ˆ 2 , t a b l e 11
” , Gt ) ;
38 mu2 =0.041; // a t 300F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r ) , f i g 15
39 D =0.256; // f t , t a b l e 11
262
42 jH =790; // from f i g . 2 4
43 Z =0.006831; // Z=(k ( c ∗mu/ k ) ˆ ( 1 / 3 ) ) , Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ) ∗ ( F
/ ft )
44 hi =(( jH ) *( Z / D ) ) ; // Hi =( h i / phyp ) , u s i n g eq . 6 . 1 5 , Btu / (
hr ) ∗( f t ˆ2) ∗(F)
46 ID =3.068; // f t
47 OD =3.5; // f t
%. 1 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio ) ;
50 printf ( ” \ t c o l d f l u i d w a t e r \n ” ) ;
51 L =8; // f t
52 G =( w /(2* L ) ) ;
53 printf ( ” \ t G : %. 0 f l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ) \n ” ,G ) ;
54 mu1 =1.94; // a t 9 2 . 5 F , l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
55 Re =(4* G / mu1 ) ;
57 Do =0.292; // f t
58 ho =(65*( G / Do ) ^(1/3) ) ;
59 printf ( ” \ t ho i s : %. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
62 Rd =0.01;
63 hd =(1/ Rd ) ;
65 UD =(( Uc * hd ) /( Uc + hd ) ) ;
67 A =( Q /( UD *( LMTD ) ) ) ;
68 printf ( ” \ t Area i s : %. 1 f f t ˆ2 \n ” ,A ) ; //
69 a =0.917; // f t ˆ2/ f t , t a b l e 11
70 l =( A /( a *8) ) ;
71 printf ( ” \ t p i p e l e n g t h : %. 2 f \n ” ,l ) ;
72 // end
263
Scilab code Exa 20.5 Calculation of an Atmospheric Jacket Water Cooler
book \n ” ) ;
4 A =50; // t o t a l p r o j e c t e d a r e a
5 Tav =100; // F
6 s =28; // a s s u m p t i o n s p r a y , l b / ( min ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 )
7 Do =0.0833; // f t
8 PH =0.1562;
9 Y =0.874;
10 Z =0.466;
11 E =(0.171*( Do * Y * Z ) ^0.1) ; // (E/ ( Do∗Y∗Z ) ˆ 0 . 1 ) = 0 . 1 7 1 ,
from f i g 2 0 . 1 0
12 printf ( ” \ t e v a p o r a t i o n p e r c e n t a g e i s : %. 2 f \n ” ,E ) ;
13 Q =(295*500*(143 -130) ) ;
14 printf ( ” \ t h e a t l o a d i s : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
15 Q1 =( Q *(1 -0.12) ) ;
16 printf ( ” \ t s e n s i b l e h e a t i s : %. 2 e Btu / h r \n ” , Q1 ) ;
17 t2 =(90) +( Q1 /(28*60*50) ) ;
18 printf ( ” \ t f i n a l s p r a y t e m p e r a t u r e i s : %. 0 f F \n ” ,
t2 ) ;
19 w =( s *60*50) ;
20 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l s p r a y : %. 1 e l b / h r \n ” ,w ) ;
21 m =( w /(2*4*12) ) ;
22 printf ( ” \ t m i s : %. 0 f l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) \n ” ,m ) ;
23 mu =1.84; // l b / ( f t ) ∗ ( h r )
24 Z =(( m ^0.3) * Do * Y * Z /( mu *0.125) ) ;
25 printf ( ” \ t Z i s : %. 2 f \n ” ,Z ) ;
26 N =3; // assume 3 h o r i z o n t a l r o w s
27 ho =300*( N ^0.05) ; // ( ho / (Nˆ 0 . 0 5 ) ) =300 , from f i g
20.11
28 printf ( ” \ t ho i s : %. 0 f Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , ho ) ;
264
29 printf ( ” \ t t u b e s i d e c o e f f i c i e n t \n ” ) ;
30 printf ( ” \ t a s s u m i n g e v e n number o f p a s s e s and t u b e
s i d e v e l o c i t y a b o u t 8 f p s \n ” ) ;
31 at =0.0775; // f t ˆ2
32 Gt =(295*500/( at ) ) ; // mass v e l o c i t y , l b / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 )
” , Gt ) ;
34 V =( Gt /(3600*62.5) ) ;
35 printf ( ” \ t v e l o c i t y i s : %. 2 f f p s \n ” ,V ) ;
36 hi =2140; // Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) , f i g 25
37 ID =0.87; // f t
38 OD =1; // f t
%. 2 e Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 ) ∗ ( F ) \n ” , hio ) ;
43 a =0.2618; // f t ˆ 2 , t a b l e 11
44 A1 =(2*3*25*12* a ) ;
45 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l s u r f a c e i s : %. 0 f f t ˆ2 \n ” , A1 ) ;
50 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
51 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
55 printf ( ” \ t LMTD i s :%. 1 f F \n ” , LMTD ) ; // c a l c u l a t i o n
m i s t a k e i n book
56 R =0.65;
57 S =0.377;
58 FT =0.97; // f i g 18
59 delt =( FT * LMTD ) ;
61 UD =( Q /( A1 *( delt ) ) ) ;
265
n ” , Rd ) ;
65 printf ( ” \ t The a s s u m p t i o n o f t h r e e h o r i z o n t a l r o w s
i s s a t i s f a c t o r y , s i n c e a d i r t f a c t o r o f 0 . 0 0 4 was
r e q u i r e d \n ” ) ;
66 // end
Scilab code Exa 20.6 Calculation of the True Temperature Difference
book \n ” ) ;
7 R =(( T1 - T2 ) /( t2 - t1 ) ) ;
8 printf ( ” \ t R i s : %. 0 f \n ” ,R ) ;
9 V =(( T1 + T2 - t1 - t2 ) /( t2 - t1 ) ) /(2) ;
10 printf ( ” \ t V i s : %. 1 f \n ” ,V ) ;
11 u =120;
12 U =60;
13 F =(( u *1) /( U *2) ) ;
14 printf ( ” \ t F i s : %. 0 f \n ” ,F ) ;
15 E =1.1; // I n F i g . 2 0 . 1 8 b f o r R = 2 . 0 and F = l . O, t h e
a b s c i s s a and o r d i n a t e i n t e r s e c t a t E = 1 . 1 0 .
16 Z =( E / V ) ;
17 printf ( ” \ t Z i s : %. 3 f \n ” ,Z ) ;
18 deltD =0.783* V ; // d e l t D /V= 0 . 7 8 3 , from f i g 2 0 . 1 7
19 printf ( ” \ t d e l t D i s : %. 3 f \n ” , deltD ) ;
20 delt =( deltD *( t2 - t1 ) ) ;
21 printf ( ” \ t d e l t i s : %. 1 f \n ” , delt ) ;
22 delt1 = T2 - t1 ; //F
23 delt2 = T1 - t2 ; // F
266
28 // end
Scilab code Exa 20.7 calculation of Sand Cooling with Negllgible Resis-
tance
book \n ” ) ;
7 W =1000; // l b / h r
8 k =0.15; // t h e r m a l c o n d u c t i v i t y
9 L =10;
10 Beta =((2* k ) /(500*(2/12) ) ) ; // h o i =500 Btu / ( h r ) ∗ ( f t ˆ 2 )
∗(F) f o r water
11 printf ( ” \ t b e t a i s : %. 4 f \n ” , Beta ) ;
12 printf ( ” \ t f o r s a n d \n ” ) ;
13 C =0.2; // Btu / ( l b ) ∗ ( F )
14 Q =(( W ) *( C ) *( T1 - T2 ) ) ; // Btu / h r
15 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l h e a t r e q u i r e d f o r s a n d i s : %. 1 e
Btu / h r \n ” ,Q ) ;
16 c =1;
17 w =( Q /( t2 - t1 ) ) ;
18 printf ( ” \ t w i s : %. 0 e l b / h r \n ” ,w ) ;
19 R =(( W * C ) /( w * c ) ) ;
20 printf ( ” \ t R i s : %. 1 f \n ” ,R ) ;
21 S =(( T2 - T1 ) /( t1 - T1 ) ) ;
22 printf ( ” \ t S i s : %. 2 f \n ” ,S ) ;
23 W1 =(8.33*( k * L ) / C ) ; // ( (W1∗C) / ( k ∗L ) ) =8.33 from f i g
267
2 0 . 2 0 b f o r Beta=0
24 printf ( ” \ t r a t e p e r t u b e i s : %. 1 f l b / h r \n ” , W1 ) ;
25 N1 =( W / W1 ) ;
26 printf ( ” \ t number o f t u b e s : %. 0 f \n ” , N1 ) ;
27 printf ( ” \ t f o r a i r assume h o i =9 and Beta =0.2 \n ” ) ;
28 c1 =0.25;
29 w1 =( Q /( c1 *( t2 - t1 ) ) ) ;
31 W2 =(5.23*( k * L ) / C ) ; // ( (W1∗C) / ( k ∗L ) ) =5.23 from f i g
2 0 . 2 0 b f o r Beta =0.2
32 printf ( ” \ t r a t e p e r t u b e i s : %. 0 f l b / h r \n ” , W2 ) ;
33 N2 =( W / W2 ) ;
34 printf ( ” \ t number o f t u b e s : %. 0 f \n ” , N2 ) ;
35 // end
Scilab code Exa 20.8.1 Immersion Water Heater
1 printf ( ” \ t e x a m p l e 2 0 . 8 a \n ” ) ;
book \n ” ) ;
3 L =3; // f t
4 B =2; // f t
5 h =18/12; // f t , h e i g h t o f w a t e r p r e s e n t i n t a n k
6 printf ( ” \ t u n s t e a d y s t a t e \n ” ) ;
7 m =( L * B * h *62.5) ;
8 printf ( ” \ t Lb o f w a t e r i s : %. 1 f l b \n ” ,m ) ;
9 t1 =50;
10 t2 =150;
11 c =1;
12 Q =( m * c *( t2 - t1 ) ) /(2*3412) ; // kwhr
13 printf ( ” \ t h e a t t o be s u p p l i e d : %. 2 f kwhr \n ” ,Q ) ;
14 printf ( ” \ t l o s s e s \n ” ) ;
15 Q1 =( L * B *260) /(1000) ; // from f i g 2 0 . 2 5 c
16 printf ( ” \ t from s u r f a c e o f w a t e r : %. 2 f kwhr \n ” , Q1 )
;
268
17 Q2 =(5.5*((2* B *2) +(2* L * B ) ) /(1000) ) ; // from f i g 20.25
c
18 printf ( ” \ t from s i d e s o f v e s s e l : %. 2 f kwhr \n ” , Q2 ) ;
19 printf ( ” \ t l o s s e s from bottom a r e n e g i g i b l e \n ” ) ;
20 Qt =( Q + Q1 + Q2 ) ;
21 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l r e q u i r e m e n t : %. 2 f kwhr \n ” , Qt ) ;
22 printf ( ” \ t s t e a d y s t a t e \n ” ) ;
23 m1 =8; // g a l / h r
24 Qs =( m1 *8.33* c *( t2 - t1 ) ) /(3412) ; // kwhr
25 printf ( ” \ t h e a t t o be s u p p l i e d : %. 2 f kwhr \n ” , Qs ) ;
26 Qts =( Qs + Q1 + Q2 ) ;
27 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l r e q u i r e m e n t : %. 2 f kwhr \n ” , Qts ) ;
28 // end
Scilab code Exa 20.8.2 Strip Heater for Air Heating
1 printf ( ” \ t e x a m p l e 2 0 . 8 b \n ” ) ;
book \n ” ) ;
3 m =100; // l b
4 t1 =70;
5 t2 =370;
6 L =4;
7 B =3;
8 n =4; // number o f a i r c h a n g e r s
9 c1 =0.12
10 Q1 =( m * c1 *( t2 - t1 ) ) ;
11 printf ( ” \ t h e a t t o s t e e l c h a r g e : %. 1 e Btu \n ” , Q1 ) ;
12 c2 =0.25
13 Q2 =( n * L * B *2*0.075* c2 *( t2 - t1 ) ) ;
14 printf ( ” \ t h e a t t o a i r : %. 1 e Btu \n ” , Q2 ) ;
15 printf ( ” \ t From F i g . 2 0 . 2 5 a f o r 52 f t ˆ2 o f oven
o u t s i d e s u r f a c e and a t e m p e r a t u r e r i s e o f 300F
t h e l o s s i s 5kw f o r 1 i n . t h i c k i n s u l a t i o n s . For 2
i n . t h i c k i n s u l a t i o n t h e l o s s i s 2 . 5 kw \n ” ) ;
269
16 Qt =(( Q1 + Q2 ) /(3412) ) +(2.5) ;
17 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l r e q u i r e m e n t : %. 2 f kw \n ” , Qt ) ;
18 // end
Scilab code Exa 20.8.3 Finned strip Heater
1 printf ( ” \ t e x a m p l e 2 0 . 8 c \n ” ) ;
book \n ” ) ;
3 m =270; // cfm
4 t1 =70;
5 t2 =120;
6 L =1.5; // f t
7 B =1.5; // f t
8 c =0.25
9 row =0.075; // l b / f t ˆ3
10 Q =( m * row *60* c *( t2 - t1 ) ) ;
11 printf ( ” \ t h e a t : %. 2 e Btu \n ” ,Q ) ;
12 V =( m /( L * B *60) ) ; // f p s
13 printf ( ” \ t v e l o c i t y i s : %. 0 f f p s \n ” ,V ) ;
14 printf ( ” \ t R e f e r t o F i g . 2 0 . 2 2 a . The a i r i s c a p a b l e o f
r e m o v i n g 33 w a t t s / i n which i s t h e maximum
d i s s i p a t i o n which may be e x p e c t e d . Any g r o u p o f
h e a t e r s p r o v i d i n g 5 kw which do n o t r e q u i r e a
d i s s i p a t i o n o f more t h a n 33 w/ i n . and which w i l l
f i t i n t o t h e d u c t w i l l be s a t i s f a c t o r y \n ” ) ;
15 printf ( ” \ t Thus i n T a b l e 2 0 . 3 e l e m e n t s o f 350 w a t t s
w i t h a t o t a l l e n g t h e a c h o f 18 i n . e a c h a r e
s a t i s f a c t o r y \n ” ) ;
16 // end
Scilab code Exa 20.8.4 Clamp on Plastic Heating
270
1 printf ( ” \ t e x a m p l e 2 0 . 8 d \n ” ) ;
book \n ” ) ;
3 t1 =70;
4 t2 =300;
5 L =26; // i n
6 B =12; // i n
7 H =1; // i n
8 c1 =0.13
9 // s p e c i f i c g r a v i t y o f c a s t i r o n i s 7 . 2
10 printf ( ” \ t u n s t e a d y s t a t e \n ” ) ;
11 m =( L * B * H *62.5*7.2/1728) ; // l b
12 printf ( ” \ t w e i g h t o f p l a t e : %. 0 f l b \n ” ,m ) ;
13 Q1 =( m * c1 *( t2 - t1 ) ) ;
14 printf ( ” \ t h e a t : %. 1 e Btu \n ” , Q1 ) ;
15 printf ( ” \ t From F i g u r e 2 0 . 2 5 b f o r a b l a c k body t h e
r a d i a t i o n i s 1 . 5 w/ i n ˆ 2 . The r a d i a t i o n from t h e t o p
i s a c t u a l l y 110 p e r c e n t o f t h i s v a l u e , and from
t h e bottom o f t h e p l a t e i t i s 55 p e r c e n t f o r an
a v e r a g e o f 8 2 . 5 p e r c e n t i s t a k e n \n ” ) ;
16 Q2 =(2*26*12*1.5*0.825/1000) ; // ke
17 printf ( ” \ t r a d i a t i o n l o s s : %. 1 f kw \n ” , Q2 ) ;
18 Qt =(( Q1 ) /(3412) ) +( Q2 ) ;
19 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l r e q u i r e m e n t : %. 1 f kw \n ” , Qt ) ;
20 printf ( ” \ t s t a e d y s t a t e \n ” ) ;
21 m2 =70;
22 c2 =0.22;
23 Qs =( m2 * c2 *( t2 - t1 ) ) ;
24 printf ( ” \ t h e a t : %. 2 e Btu \n ” , Qs ) ;
25 Ql =0.8; // kw
26 Qts =(( Qs ) /(3412) ) +( Ql ) ;
27 printf ( ” \ t t o t a l r e q u i r e m e n t : %. 2 f kw \n ” , Qts ) ;
28 printf ( ” \ t The s t e a d y s t a t e i s c o n t r o l l i n g . The
r e q u i r e m e n t s a r e s a t i s f i e d , by f o u r 24− i n . s t r i p
h e a t e r s , but t h e s h e a t h t e m p e r a t u r e must now be
checked . S i n c e the temperature drop per u n i t f l u x
d e n s i t y i s 14 t o 19F , assume an a v e r a g e o f 1 6 . 5
F . For clamp−on s t r i p s 24 i n . l o n g t h e w a t t s
271
p e r s q u a r e i n c h d e l i v e r a b l e a r e 16 \n ” ) ;
29 delt =(16*16.5) ;
31 printf ( ” \ t The s h e a t h t e m p e r a t u r e i s t h e n 300 + 264
= 564 F , which i s s a t i s f a c t o r y f o r s t e e l
s h e a t h e d e l e m e n t s w i t h a 750F maximum . \n ” ) ;
32 // end
272

Process Heat Transfer - D. Q. Kern

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Process Heat Transfer - D. Q. Kern

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Process Heat Transfer - D. Q. Kern

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Scilab Textbook Companion for

1 Funded by a grant from the National Mission on Education through ICT,

Title: Process Heat Transfer

Publisher: Tata McGraw-Hill, NY

Exa Example (Solved example)

Eqn Equation (Particular equation of the above book)

AP Appendix to Example(Scilab Code that is an Appednix to a particular

List of Scilab Codes 4

6 CounterflowDouble pipe exchangers 19

7 Parallel Counterflow Shell and Tube Excahngers 29

8 Flow Arrangements for increased heat recovery 49

10 Streamlineflow and steam convection 65

11 Calculations for process conditions 76

12 Condensation of single vapor 100

13 Condensation of Mixed vapors 128

15 Vaporizers Evoparators and Reboilers 181

16 Extended Surfaces 209

18 Batch and unsteady process 236

19 Furnace Calculations 246

20 Additional applications 253

Exa 2.1 Value of Q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Scilab code Exa 2.1 Value of Q

Scilab code Exa 2.2 Temperature increase

Scilab code Exa 2.3 Value of Q

Scilab code Exa 2.4 Heat flow through pipe wall

Scilab code Exa 2.5 Temperature

Scilab code Exa 4.1 Radiation between large 2 planes

Scilab code Exa 4.3 Calculation of Radiation from a Pipe

Scilab code Exa 5.1 Calculation of the LMTD

Scilab code Exa 5.3 Calculation of the LMTD

Scilab code Exa 5.5 Calculation of point

Scilab code Exa 5.6 Calculation of the Caloric Temperature

Scilab code Exa 6.1 Double Pipe Benzene Toluene Exchanger

Scilab code Exa 6.2 Calculation of the True Temperature Difference

Parallel Counterflow Shell and

Scilab code Exa 7.1 shell side equivalent

Scilab code Exa 7.6 Calculation of a Phosphate Solution Cooler

Scilab code Exa 7.9 Outlet Temperatures

Flow Arrangements for

Scilab code Exa 8.1 Calculation of a Oil Cooler

Scilab code Exa 8.2 calculation of an Acetone Acetic Acid Exchanger

Scilab code Exa 9.1 Calculation of an Ammonia Compressor Aftercooler

Streamlineflow and steam

Scilab code Exa 10.1 Crude Oil Heater

Calculations for process

Scilab code Exa 11.1 Calculation of a Straw Oil Naphtha Exchanger

Scilab code Exa 11.2 Calculation of a Flue Gas Cooler

Scilab code Exa 11.3 Calculation of a Caustic Solution Cooler

Scilab code Exa 11.4 Calculation of an Alcohol Heater

Scilab code Exa 11.5 Calculation of a Flue Gas Cooler

Condensation of single vapor

Scilab code Exa 12.1 Calculation of a Horizontal n Propanol Condenser

Scilab code Exa 12.2 Design of a Vertical n Propanol Condenser

Scilab code Exa 12.4 Calculation of a Vertical Condenser subeooler

Scilab code Exa 12.5 Calculation of a Horizontal Condenser subcooler

Scilab code Exa 12.7 Calculation of a Surface Condenser

Condensation of Mixed vapors